1206:(BTA), was organized pending the election of the new region's government officials in 2022. The second part of the plebiscite held on February 6, 2019, expanded the scope of the future Bangsamoro region to include 63 barangays in North Cotabato. The members of the BTA took their oaths on February 22, 2019, along with the ceremonial confirmation of the plebiscite results of both the January 21, and February 6, 2019, votes. The official turnover from the ARMM to BARMM took place on February 26, 2019, which meant the full abolition of the former.
1348:, who led the Philippine government's team in peace negotiations with the MILF, made history in becoming the first woman chief negotiator to sign to a major peace accord in history. Women also held a number of meaningful positions on the negotiating teams of both parties to the conflict. Women reportedly fostered communication between different tracks of negotiations. Civil society groups and women's groups conducted listening workshops for Bangsamoro communities and provided recommendations to the official track I negotiation process.
1047:, a document which culminates the Aquino administration's effort to end the deadlock in the peace process. This new document, while merely providing for a general framework for the actual peace negotiations, announced that "the status quo is unacceptable and that the Bangsamoro shall be established to replace the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). The Bangsamoro is the new autonomous political entity (NPE) referred to in the Decision Points of Principles as of April 2012."
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1367:, which won Best Actress (Laila Ulao), Best Supporting Actor (Taha Daranda) and Best Picture at the QCinema International Film Festival; and Best Director (Sheron Dayoc), Best Screenplay (Sheron Dayoc), Best Supporting Actress (Sharifa Pearlsia Ali-Dans), Best Cinematography (Rommel Sales), Best Editing (Carlo Francisco Manatad), and Best Picture at the
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1110:. Under its terms, the government would work towards the creation of a new politidal entity known as the Bangsamoro, while the MILF would turn over their firearms to a third party, which would be selected by the rebels and the Philippine government, and decommission its armed wing, the Bangsamoro Islamic Armed Forces (BIAF).
161:, with only one survivor living to escape and tell the tale. The news created unrest among Filipino Muslims, and both Muslim intellectuals and common people suddenly became politicized, discrediting the idea of finding integration and accommodation with the rest of the country, and creating a sense of marginalization.
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The resulting peace agreement includes a number of gender-specific considerations for transitional governance and women's empowerment in the future. For example, the agreement includes provisions for women's inclusion in new institutional mechanisms and suggests that women's economic participation is
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Power sharing was a central point to the autonomy redesign. The ARMM charter had only listed 14 areas which were outside the powers of the regional legislature. Under the comprehensive peace agreement, the parties listed 81 powers categorized into reserved for the central government, exclusive to the
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The agreement called for Muslim self-rule in parts of the southern
Philippines in exchange for a deactivation of rebel forces by the MILF. MILF forces would turn over their firearms to a third party to be selected by the MILF and the Philippine government. A regional police force would be established
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When former
Defense Secretary Fidel V. Ramos became president in 1992, he made "national reconciliation" and peace - particularly in Mindanao - a cornerstone of his agenda. He issued Proclamation No. 10-A which established a National Unification Commission (NUC) which was tasked with writing a report
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The
Bangsamoro peace process was the subject of significant international cooperation over the years, Australia’s Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), Canada’s Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development(DFATD), the European Union, the New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and
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The peace process as outlined in the
Comprehensive Agreement which led to the creation of the Bangsamoro involved two tracks - the political-legislative track and the normalization track. Under the political track, the government would work towards the creation of a new political entity known as the
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stood with the
Philippine government. Malaysia did not support or condone Islamic secessionists seeking change through 'extreme' behaviour outside the political arena, and that 'extremism is loathed by Islam and that resorting to violence is equally condemned by true believers'. If indeed it claims
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on
February 10, 2003, but on the next day, a setback would ensue as the military launched an offensive in Buliok Complex against the MILF which would last for more than a week. Ceasefire was enforced three weeks later. By March, the parties began exploratory talks in Malaysia with a commitment from
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After the signing of the
Jakarta Accord with the MNLF, exploratory and preparatory talks towards a truce between the government and the MILF started in August 1996, followed by low-level negotiations commencing January the following year. An Agreement on General Cessation of Hostilities between the
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was appointed to chair the commission, which submitted its report to
President Ramos on July 31, 1993, after which it officially ceased to exist. But the Office of the Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process was established on September 15, 1993, through the issuance of Executive Order No. 125 by
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The MNLF saw this as a deviation from the framework of the
Tripoli Agreement. It became apparent to the MNLF that Marcos had no intentions of fulfilling the Agreement, and was only using it to diffuse the conflict and weaken the MNLF's position. The deal collapsed within six months, and hostilities
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The timing of the Al-Barka attack just two months after the Aquino-Murad meeting gave rise to concerns that the real reason for the stalled peace process was not just the government's lukewarm effort to make peace, but also the supposed lack of sincerity of the rebel groups in negotiating lasting
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Despite the progress of new peace talks under the new Aquino administration, various peace spoiler events, including attacks on the
Military by rogue MILF forces, threatened to derail the peace process. The most prominent of these attacks at this stage of the peace talks came on October 18, 2011,
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On the evening of August 4, 2011, the peace process between the government and the MILF took a significant step forward when Benigno Aquino III met with MILF chair Al Haj Murad Ebrahim in a meeting in Tokyo. During the meeting, Aquino and Murad agreed to continue the peace taks, and also to make
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On July 27, 2008, a Memorandum of Agreement on the Muslim Ancestral Domain (MOA-AD) was finalized in Malaysia. Under this agreement, some 700 villages in Mindanao would hold a referendum within a year to determine if they intend to join the "Bangsamoro Juridical Entity," an associated state which
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Stephens, Matthew. “Prospects for Lasting Peace in Mindanao: Peacemaking and Peacebuilding under the Aquino and Duterte Administrations.” Chapter. In From Aquino II to Duterte (2010–2018): Change, Continuity—and Rupture, edited by Imelda Deinla and Bjšrn Dressel, 207–38. Lectures, Workshops, and
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The agreement would pave the way for the creation of a new autonomous entity called "Bangsamoro" under a law to be approved by the Philippine Congress. The government aimed to set up the region by 2016, but due to a number of peace spoiler events, it was approved through a plebiscite in 2019.
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The junking of the MOA-AD marked another setback for the peace process, with the armed conflicts for the year 2008 reaching a record-high of 30 incidents in Mindanao. In an effort to salvage the negotiations, Arroyo declared the suspension of military operations against the MILF in July 2009.
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On May 6, 2002, the fourth round of formal peace talks between the government and the MILF resulted in both parties agreeing to veto criminal syndicates and kidnap-for-ransom groups in Mindanao, and to implement the Humanitarian Rehabilitation and Development aspect of the Tripoli Agreement.
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The Malaysian government, on the other side, has strongly condemned any terrorist activity and expressed unequivocal support for peace negotiations between Moro rebels and the Philippine government rather than helping the rebels as Malaysia did in 1968 after the Jabidah massacre. During the
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both sides for a "mutual secession of hostilities." The aspect of a Muslim ancestral domain was laid down as the next agenda for the peace talks. Until the end of 2008, the peace process remained in a deadlock due to constitutional and legal issues surrounding the ancestral domain aspect.
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Phase I – Three years were allotted for the establishment of the Special Zone of Peace and Development, the Southern Philippines Council for Peace and Development (SPCPD) and the Consultative Assembly. At this point, the agreement enabled qualified MNLF members to enter the ranks of the
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Due to various complications and a sometimes contentious legislative process, it would take a full decade before the Bangsamoro Organic Law abolishing the ARMM and providing for the basic structure of government for a new Bangsamoro Autonomous Region would be ratified by the
64:(ARMM) created in 1989. Under the normalization track, the MILF would turn over their firearms to a third party, which would be selected by the rebels and the Philippine government. The MILF agreed to decommission its armed wing, the Bangsamoro Islamic Armed Forces (BIAF).
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Some other components of the Normalization track include socio-economic development programs, transitional justice and reconciliation, security concerns such as the disbandment of private armed groups, and the transformation of MILF camps into productive communities.
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to represent Muslims, the Moro movements must combat radicalism and militant elements within its organisation. Instead the rebels must concentrate on bringing greater development to the community instead of merely aiming to seize power. Let us call for a
910:." Likewise, the court held as unconstitutional the guarantees under the MOA-AD that the government will implement the necessary constitutional amendments to create a framework for its implementation. According to the court, the peace panel and even the
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Indonesia thus facilitated the Jakarta Agreement, billed as the "Final Peace Agreement" in 1996, which was supposed to lead to the full implementation of the 1976 Tripoli Agreement, and eventually the end of the Moro armed struggle in Mindanao.
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President Ramos, which took into account recommendations of the NUC. Yorac is thus included in the lineage of former heads of the OPAPP, which was later renamed the Office of the Presidential Adviser on Peace, Reconciliation and Unity (OPAPRU).
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The MNLF demanded that the thirteen Tripoli Agreement provinces be included in the ARMM, but the government refused; eight of those provinces, due to continuous Resettlement Policy all throughout silence of Peace Process were now predominantly
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and Four annexes, namely on Transitional Arrangements and Modalities, Revenue Generation and Wealth Sharing, Power Sharing and Normalization, together with the Addendum on Bangsamoro Waters, will be included in the comprehensive agreement.
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assumed the presidency in January 2001, the peace process was revived with a unilateral declaration of ceasefire on the part of the government. With the assistance of the Malaysian government, Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process
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Under the normalization track, the MILF would turn over their firearms to a third party which would be selected by the rebels and the Philippine government; and decommission its armed wing, the Bangsamoro Islamic Armed Forces (BIAF).
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Fernandez, Maria. (2017). Implementing Peace and Development in the Bangsamoro: Potentials and Constraints of Socio-Economic Programs for Conflict-Affected Areas in Southern Philippines (1913-2015). 10.13140/RG.2.2.14829.33763.
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With the ratification of the BOL following the plebiscite on January 21, 2019, the abolition process of the ARMM began, paving way for the setting up of the Bangsamoro autonomous region. Under the BOL, a transitional body, the
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However, Marcos unilaterally insisted on implementing the creation of the autonomous Muslim region through the mechanism of a plebiscite, which had not been discussed in the negotiations of the Tripoli agreement. The resultin
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Low-level negotiations between the government and the MILF, which continued to engage in armed conflict now that the MNLF had signed the peace deal, continued during the earliest part of the new administration of President
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Despite critics saying that the MILF's efforts to make these rogue leaders answer for their attacks were half-hearted the president and the military hierarchy rejected calls for an "all-out-war" approach to this problem.
906:, "the Constitution does not recognize any state within this country other than the Philippine State, much less does it provide for the possibility of any transitory status to prepare any part of Philippine territory for
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The administration of Benigno Aquino III resumed peace negotiations, the 20th round, with the MILF in February 2011, after the rebel group announced that they were no longer seeking secession from the Philippines.
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would be formed after the necessary constitutional amendments are undertaken by the government. This agreement was scheduled to be signed on August 5, with the final peace agreement set to be concluded by November.
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On October 28, 2021, Duterte signed Republic Act No. 11593, postponing BARMM's first regular parliamentary elections from 2022 to 2025. The law also extended the transition period of the Bangsamoro until 2025.
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Bangsamoro, and concurrent with or shared by the two sides for power sharing. Of the 81 powers, 58 were devolved to the Bangsamoro, nine were reserved to the central government, and 14 were shared. The
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engaged in extensive armed collisions between 1972 and 1976, peaking in 1973 when the rebels' "blitz-like operations" brought them control of a substantial number of municipalities surrounding
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Since the signing of the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro, the Bangsamoro Peace Process has involved two major tracks – the political-legislative track and the normalization track.
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said that the lower house remained supportive of the measure, although it had been somewhat "eroded" due to the killings. He also took note that unlike in the Senate where Cayetano and
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expanded its Quadripartite Ministerial Commission, which had been facilitating peace talks between the Philippine Government and the MNLF. The Ministerial Committee of Six now included
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Committee on Local Government, announced that hearings regarding the involvement of security and armed forces provisions of the Bangsamoro Basic Law would be halted, while Senator
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and 57 MNLF officers. The group was initially known as "The New Leadership". Misuari expelled Salamat in December 1977, after which Salamat moved his new organization first to
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2545:"1997 Prizewinners: Mr Fidel V. Ramos, President of the Republic of the Philippines, and Mr Nur Misuari, Chairman of the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) Philippines"
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Akmaliah, Wahyudi. (2012). Remembering the Legacies of the Marcos Dictatorship: The Formation of Historical Memory and the Struggle for Justice in the Post-Marcos Period.
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does not have the authority to make such guarantees because they do not have the power to propose amendments to the Constitution, such power being vested exclusively in
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to block the signing of this agreement. On October 14, the court voted 8–7 to strike down the MOA-AD as unconstitutional. According to the decision penned by Justice
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The delegation was successful, and representatives of the Philippine government and the MNLF met at the negotiating table in December 1976. The final result was the
95:, many of the key events took place either during the latter part of Marcos' first or second constitutionally-allowed presidential terms, or during the time when he
49:
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Among the guiding principles Bangsamoro peace process are a set of "Six Paths to Peace," put forward by the National Unification Commission under its Chairperson
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and MILF Vice-Chair Al Haj Murad Ebrahim signed the Agreement for the General Framework for the Resumption of Peace Talks between the government and the MILF.
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Terrorism and Violence in Southeast Asia: Transnational Challenges to States and Regional Stability: Transnational Challenges to States and Regional Stability
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Trade (MFAT)the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA), and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) among others.
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99:. This included the beginning of the active phase of the Moro Conflict with the formation of separatist political movements, the formation and rise of the
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In 2020, the Bangsamoro parliament requested that the BTA be extended for an additional three years past 2022, to allow further time for the transition.
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Phase II – This aspect involved the repeal or amendment of Republic Act No. 6734, otherwise known as the Organic Act which established the ARMM, through
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encouraged the participation of Indonesia and the OIC in the peace process; further peace talks were held and representatives from both parties met in
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led to the creation of two Regional Autonomous Governments (RAGs) in Western Mindanao and Central Mindanao rather than a single autonomous region.
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Working paper on Delays in the Peace Negotiations between the Philippine Government and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front: Causes and Prescriptions
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Fernandez,Maria Carmen; Morrison,Mary. Mindanao Trust Fund Completion Report : 2005-2022 (English). Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group.
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in 1992 as principles which need to be "pursued simultaneously" if the goal of a "just and lasting peace" is to be reached. These six "paths" are:
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hostages in Basilan. A ceasefire would once again ensue after informal talks between the government and the MILF through the intercession of the
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in which the armed conflict between the two groups resulted in the near-total destruction of what had been the relatively modern municipality of
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2205:"The Long Struggle to Silence the Guns of Rebellion: After Decades of Communist and Separatist Insurgency, Will Peace Agreements Ever Happen?"
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Bertrand, J. (2000). Peace and Conflict in the Southern Philippines: Why the 1996 Peace Agreement Is Fragile. Pacific Affairs, 73(1), 37–54.
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The Long Struggle to Silence the Guns of Rebellion: The CenSEI Report's Review of the Long and Winding Trail to the Elusive Peace Agreements
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Steven Rood. “Forging Sustainable Peace in Mindanao: The Role of Civil Society”, Policy Studies 17, Washington: East-West Center, 2005, p.22
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to stall the scheduled ARMM elections. A hundred people died in the incident. The government quelled this rebellion and Misuari escaped to
516:. The Southern Philippines Council for Peace and Development was dominated by the MNLF. Misuari then ran unopposed as governor of the ARMM.
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marked the beginnings of at least two long-running conflicts that continued to plague the Philippine government: the Moro conflict and the
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The signing of this agreement brought about a serious rift in MNLF leadership, leading to the formation of a breakaway group in 1977 by
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When the government held a plebiscite in the thirteen provinces and 9 cities covered by the Tripoli agreement, only the provinces of
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1316:"Implementing measures for reconciliation, reintegration of former combatants and rehabilitation of those affected by the conflict."
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Between Integration and Secession: The Muslim Communities of the Southern Philippines, Southern Thailand and Western Burma/Myanmar
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sure that they would result in an agreement that could be implemented by the end of Aquino's term as president on June 30, 2016.
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http://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/index7.php?doctype=Constitutions&docid=a45475a11ec72b843d74959b60fd7bd64558f82c40d9d#sam
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http://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/index7.php?doctype=Constitutions&docid=a45475a11ec72b843d74959b60fd7bd64558f82c40d9d#sam
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had withdrawn their sponsorship of the bill, no congressman had done the same, and that the measure would be passed on time.
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1936:
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Macapado Abaton Muslim; Philippines. Office of the President; Mindanao State University. College of Public Affairs (1994).
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regarding the "formulation of a peace process" after conducting public consultations in different parts of the country.
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mediating the talks between the Philippine government and the MNLF, and soon provided personnel as ceasefire monitors.
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277:, which among other things was the first agreement to introduce the concept of an autonomous Muslim region in Mindanao.
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By 1976, the conflict had turned into a stalemate, with neither side able to achieve a decisive victory over the other.
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once peaceful political movements were banned under Martial Law, the signing of the 1976 Tripoli Agreement brokered by
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began in 1976 when the Philippine government and the Moro National Liberation Front first met to negotiate towards the
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3567:"Bangsamoro Gov't hopes for fulfillment of 'equally important components of normalization' - BARMM Official Website"
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regime to beef up military presence by deploying almost three-fourths of the army in most Muslim-majority parts of
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On March 31, 2001, Republic Act 9054 lapsed into law without the signature of the president. This law amended the
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Misuari, who had been elected governor of the ARMM, was tasked to supervise the implementation of the peace pact.
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2015:
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Under the Political track, the government would work towards the creation of a new politidal entity known as the
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to provide for the region's expansion from the original four provinces under its jurisdiction. The Provinces of
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The inauguration of BARMM and the inaugural session of the Bangsamoro Parliament took place on March 29, 2019.
270:]" and offer a lucrative oil deal in exchange for his withdrawal of support for the MNLF through Malaysia.
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625:. In particular, t is unclear which peace process milestones were most significant during this administration.
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and the Philippine military would reduce the presence of troops and help disband private armies in the area.
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On October 29, 2001, the MILF and MNLF held unity talks, but this would fall apart barely a month later when
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Formal peace talks began in October 1999, only to be suspended by Estrada's sudden policy-shift by declaring
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On March 27, 2014, a comprehensive peace deal was signed between the government of the Philippines and the
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This breakaway organization was formally established in 1984 as the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF).
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peace negotiations between the Government of the Philippines and the various armed groups involved in the
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2111:"From RAG to ARMM to Bangsamoro: Salamat Hashim would have approved of Bangsamoro's proposed territory"
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The impact of the conflict on the lives of children is portrayed in the 2018 Iar Lionel Arondaing film
153:. A senate exposé broke the news that at least 11 Filipino Muslim military trainees had been killed in
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Speech of President Benigno Aquino III during the signing of the Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro
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http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/219863/news/nation/milf-drops-secession-plan-on-malaysia-s-advice
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attacked the MILF just a day after the ancestral domain aspect of the Tripoli Agreement was signed in
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The role of women in the Bangsamoro peace process is the main subject of the 2019 Sheron Dayoc film
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with the MNLF, agreeing to hold further discussions on the proposal for autonomy to the entirety of
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noted that he hoped the framework agreement "can finally seal genuine, lasting peace in Mindanao."
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The accord divided the mechanism for implementation of the 1976 Tripoli agreement into two phases:
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http://www.usip.org/files/file/resources/collections/peace_agreements/implement_guide_08072001.pdf
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3412:"Bangsamoro Transition Authority to take oath February 20; ARMM to BARMM turnover on February 25"
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Bangsamoro Information Office, Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (March 17, 2021).
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http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099062424061142369/P1796901ffbc9f0c719ec0158eb2774975a
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action and the subsequent submission of the amended law to the people of the affected areas via
1512:. International Center for Innovation, Transformation and Excellence in Governance (INCITEGov).
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573:. Subsequently, the MILF's chairman Salamat declared jihad against Estrada's administration.
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and MILF chief negotiator Mohagher Iqbal signed the final annex of the peace agreement in
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Contemporary Conflicts in Southeast Asia: Towards a New ASEAN Way of Conflict Management
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Violent Internal Conflicts in Asia Pacific: Histories, Political Economies, and Policies
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1297:"Pursuit of social, economic, and political reforms aimed at addressing the root causes
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announced that his coalition would withdraw its support for the Bangsamoro Basic Law.
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arranged a meeting with the MNLF chairman Nur Misuari and several MNLF rebel groups in
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opted to become part of the ARMM, which was formally established on November 6, 1990.
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3098:"La UE concede 24 millones de euros a Filipinas para el proceso de paz en Bangsamoro"
2007:
1507:"The Two Tracks of the Bangsamoro Peace Process and the Extension Transtion Question"
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107:, the failure to create an autonomous region in for the Moros in Mindanao during the
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Office of the Presidential Adviser on Peace, Reconciliation and Unity - peace.gov.ph
1802:. Office of the President and College of Public Affairs, Mindanao State University.
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http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=760294&publicationSubCategoryId=
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447:
308:
798:. This attack was based on intelligence reports that the MILF had been aiding the
580:, MILF's main headquarters. The president himself led the military in raising the
2223:
2063:
1797:
1705:
1648:
4462:
3986:
3958:
1305:"Consensus building and empowerment for peace through continuous consultation at
1228:
1161:
1074:
861:
814:
776:
588:(roasted pig) and beer for the triumphant soldiers in what was considered as an
577:
417:
190:
176:
131:
3695:"Musmos Na Sumibol Sa Gubat Ng Digma (Unless the Water is Safer than the Land)"
1799:
The Moro armed struggle in the Philippines: the nonviolent autonomy alternative
4442:
4069:
4039:
3934:
3541:"With Maguindanao split into 2, Mindanao now has 28 provinces and BARMM has 6"
1340:
Women played active roles in both the formal and informal negotiations in the
1256:
799:
524:
406:
217:
154:
57:
3151:"Bangsamoro deal signed by March | Headlines, News, The Philippine Star"
2282:
3360:"Bangsamoro law ratified; how soon can transition from ARMM to BARMM begin?"
1467:
Proceedings of International Conferences. ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute, 2019.
772:
764:
700:
485:
470:
425:
3079:
2259:"The Philippines in 1986: Democratic Reconstruction in the Post-Marcos Era"
527:. This was to be done within two years from the establishment of the SPCPD.
2579:"Army, MILF verifying reports of foreign terrorists' presence in Mindanao"
1955:
894:
Three days before the scheduled signing of the MOA-AD, local officials of
833:
later on deported him back to the Philippines to face rebellion charges.
379:
and not just the thirteen provinces stated in the 1976 Tripoli Agreement.
3992:
2946:
1341:
790:
Another setback for the peace process happened later that year, when the
768:
748:
478:
376:
249:
228:
128:
44:, and most recently reached a major milestone in the ratification of the
3626:"Dayoc's 'Women of the Weeping River' is best film in 2016 QCinema fest"
1322:"Initiatives to build, nurture and enhance a positive climate for peace"
446:
Martial Law era lawyer-activist and Commission on Elections Chairperson
52:. However, conflicts with other smaller armed groups continue to exist.
2290:
1909:
1587:
780:
732:
728:
696:
680:
493:
2748:
2329:
http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/research/08/10/08/fast-facts-armm-elections
1352:
a crucial part of a broad national strategy for growth post-conflict.
1137:
resulted in a major delay in the passage of the Bangsamoro Basic Law.
142:
The active phase of the Moro conflict is attributed to news about the
3766:
850:
744:
740:
585:
2817:"Joint Statement of the Philippine Government and Milf Peace Panels"
2500:
2274:
881:, against ignorance, against underdevelopment and against prejudice.
260:- along with a 60-person entourage that included Industry Secretary
3334:"'No' wins in 13 Lanao del Norte towns; 'Yes' wins in only 9 towns"
1073:, MILF Chairman Al Haj Murad Ibrahim, and Malaysian Prime Minister
393:
On August 1, 1989, under the mandate of the new 1987 constitution,
48:(BOL) through a plebiscite in 2018, leading to the creation of the
4457:
2098:
1937:"The Origins of the Muslim Separatist Movement in the Philippines"
1905:"Remembering the 'Jolo-caust': 50 years since the burning of Jolo"
1156:
also suspended its hearings on the Bangsamoro Basic Law, Speaker
1092:
provided €85 million to further the peace process in August 2020.
874:
840:
A final draft of the peace accord was presented to the leaders of
826:
795:
760:
593:
557:
2000 Philippine campaign against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front
253:
122:
79:
Military history of the Philippines during the Marcos dictatorship
926:
Resumption of peace talks under the Benigno Aquino III presidency
3851:
3786:
2429:"OPAPRU holds wreath offering ceremony to honor peace exemplars"
818:
421:
350:
212:
and its airport complex, with another major highlight being the
3790:
2927:"Arroyo's peacemaking legacy leaves a trail of blood and chaos"
1344:
peace process that brought an end to open hostilities in 2014.
397:
enacted Republic Act 6734 which authorized the creation of the
123:
2371:"Martyrs & Heroes: Haydee Yorac - Lawyer - Public Servant"
1475:
1473:
952:
603:
266:
73:
Beginnings of the Moro conflict during the Marcos dictatorship
4127:
Philippine campaign against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front
3232:"Belmonte: House supports Bangsamoro bill but trust 'eroded'"
3030:"MILF suspends 3 commanders for deadly October Basilan clash"
1650:
Revolt in Mindanao: The Rise of Islam in Philippine Politics
1582:
Marites Dañguilan Vitug; Glenda M. Gloria (March 18, 2013).
1057:
On January 24, 2014, Philippine government chief negotiator
3515:"Duterte OKs postponement of first BARMM elections to 2025"
2763:"Philippines – the Moro Islamic Liberation Front imbroglio"
1069:
was signed in Manila and witnessed by Philippine President
886:
Muslim Ancestral Domain and the Bangsamoro Juridical Entity
802:
terrorist group, which at that time held some American and
289:
between the MNLF and Philippine government forces resumed.
3670:"Film from martial law-stricken Mindanao Urian big winner"
3002:"AFP urged to review security policies after MILF attacks"
2631:"Erap: All-out war vs MILF solution to Minadanao conflict"
1041:
On October 15, 2012, the Philippine government signed the
264:- to meet with ] in Libya "to charm Col. Kadaffi [
455:
1996 Final Peace Agreement with the MNLF (Jakarta Accord)
2836:
A Handbook of Terrorism and Insurgency in Southeast Asia
1704:
Adam, A.W.; Anwar, D.F.; Yayasan Obor Indonesia (2005).
864:
make a speech on his country's intention on the issues:
2408:
Office of the Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process
1978:"2 Moro leaders admit Gaddafi funded MNLF, MILF rebels"
438:
Office of the Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process
3438:"BARMM inauguration reset again; new date is March 29"
584:
in the erstwhile rebel stronghold, bringing trucks of
531:
The peace agreement earned Ramos and Misuari the 1997
3489:"Duterte supports extension of Bangsamoro transition"
2805:
http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=198725
2794:
http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=141549
1327:
International Support to the Bangsamoro peace process
1019:, killing 19 young soldiers and wounding 12 others.
328:
Provisional Government of the Philippines (1986–1987)
146:
in March 1968 – towards the end of the first term of
3772:
Annexes of the Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro
2676:
Militant Islam in Southeast Asia: Crucible of Terror
2225:
Militant Islam in Southeast Asia: Crucible of Terror
2065:
Militant Islam in Southeast Asia: Crucible of Terror
1767:"Fighting and talking: A Mindanao conflict timeline"
1123:
Delayed BBL passage due to the 2015 Mamasapano clash
353:, which paved the way for a series of negotiations.
18:
Peace process with the Bangsamoro in the Philippines
4425:
4382:
4339:
4224:
4089:
4008:
3979:
3972:
3927:
3898:
3891:
3824:
2860:
http://www.muslimmindanao.ph/ancestral_domain1.html
1615:"Remembering Jabidah and the seeds of the struggle"
1528:"Comelec: Bangsamoro Organic Law 'deemed ratified'"
576:Estrada's all-out war policy led to the capture of
488:agreement was signed in 1993, Philippine President
401:(ARMM) pending ratification through a plebiscite.
322:
Negotiations under the post–People Power government
2781:"Makati court dismisses rebellion case vs Misuari"
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1213:took office as the region's first chief minister.
333:Peace talks under the post–People Power government
119:Beginning of the active phase of the Moro conflict
3263:. GMA Network. September 10, 2014. Archived from
1431:
1429:
1319:"Conflict management and protection of civilians"
592:—because pork and alcohol are both prohibited in
3308:"21 of 67 villages in North Cotabato join BARMM"
2942:"Philippines Muslim rebels in talks in Malaysia"
2733:http://www.newsflash.org/2001/08/ht/ht001965.htm
2404:"A Brief History of OPAPP and the Peace Process"
1836:
1834:
1015:when MILF forces ambushed an Army contingent in
849:Conference on Regional Security Meeting held in
3386:"ARMM turns over power to Bangsamoro authority"
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2085:
1521:
1519:
866:
165:Formation of the Moro National Liberation Front
50:Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
4373:2014 Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro
3279:"'Yes' votes add Cotabato areas to Bangsamoro"
2228:. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers. pp.
2211:. Vol. 2, no. 13 – via Scribd.
1892:. University of California Press. p. 158.
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1096:2014 Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro
949:Al-Barka attack and other peace spoiler events
775:participated in the plebiscite. However, only
315:, where it engaged in diplomatic activities.
293:Formation of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front
3802:
3782:Text of all peace accords for the Philippines
2605:"The folly of an all-out war versus the MILF"
2203:Sadian, John Carlo Gil M. (April 2–8, 2012).
1642:
1640:
1546:"Philippines: State of Conflict and Violence"
551:Estrada "all-out war" policy towards the MILF
283:1977 Southern Philippines autonomy plebiscite
109:1977 Southern Philippines autonomy plebiscite
8:
3644:"Full List: 40th Gawad Urian Awards winners"
1672:
1670:
631:. There might be a discussion about this on
600:Peace talks during the Arroyo administration
256:. So in November 1976, Marcos sent his wife
1761:
1759:
1065:. Two months later, on March 27, 2014, the
248:Until 1976, the MNLF received support from
197:(MNLF) which sought the establishment of a
4367:2012 Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro
3976:
3895:
3809:
3795:
3787:
3230:Cayabyab, Marc Jayson (January 28, 2015).
3179:"Iqbal justifies attack; toll soars to 49"
2839:. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 238–.
2828:
2826:
2398:
2396:
2257:Villegas, Bernardo M. (February 1, 1987).
1168:2019 Passage of the Bangsamoro Organic Law
1031:2012 Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro
982:. Please do not remove this message until
477:. As such, Indonesia became the committee
3777:Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro
3124:"Power-sharing central to Moro self-rule"
2656:"Estrada swears in 600 MILF surrenderees"
1102:Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro
1067:Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro
1002:Learn how and when to remove this message
651:Learn how and when to remove this message
4143:Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines
3410:Arguillas, Carolyn (February 18, 2019).
2979:Arguillas, Carolyn O. (August 4, 2011).
2456:
2454:
2036:Romero Jr., Jose V. (October 31, 2014).
1976:Bautista, Andrea M. (October 25, 2011).
1732:"Lone survivor recalls Jabidah Massacre"
1191:Bangsamoro transition period (2019-2025)
978:Relevant discussion may be found on the
3173:
3171:
2629:Tan, Kimberly Jane (October 21, 2011).
2516:"The MNLF, MILF and 2 peace agreements"
2167:
2165:
2163:
1956:"Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF)"
1584:"Jabidah and Merdeka: The inside story"
1562:from the original on September 8, 2018.
1394:
1377:Unless the Water Is Safer than the Land
1263:(ARMM) which had been created in 1989.
3612:"Women play key role in peace process"
3598:"Women play key role in peace process"
2341:"Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao"
2175:Post-Conflict Development in East Asia
1868:
1858:
1505:Montalbo, Luisito G. (February 2021).
1313:"Peace negotiations with armed groups"
1301:of armed struggle and social unrest."
1243:Political and normalization components
3767:Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro
3720:"Full List: Winners, Cinemalaya 2018"
3436:Arguillas, Carolyn (March 20, 2019).
3257:"FAQs about the Bangsamoro Basic Law"
3044:"AFP thumbs down all-out war vs MILF"
3016:"AFP thumbs down all-out war vs MILF"
1683:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 5–.
1116:Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro
1044:Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro
1037:Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro
544:two parties was signed in July 1997.
111:, and the resulting breakaway of the
7:
4433:Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
2981:"Aquino meets with MILF chair Murad"
2833:Andrew T. H. Tan (January 1, 2009).
2603:Esposo, William (October 27, 2011).
2439:from the original on October 3, 2022
2144:Institute of Southeast Asian Studies
1827:. Lexington Books. pp. 267–268.
1448:from the original on October 4, 2023
1261:Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
787:) voted to be included in the ARMM.
399:Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
389:Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
136:Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
62:Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
4504:Military history of the Philippines
3947:Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters
3206:"House suspends Bangsamoro hearing"
2940:McGeown, Kate (February 10, 2011).
2381:from the original on March 23, 2024
1903:Gomez, Herbie (February 12, 2024).
1777:from the original on March 13, 2012
1625:from the original on March 18, 2021
1382:Musmos na Sumibol sa Gubat ng Digma
1185:2019 Bangsamoro autonomy plebiscite
1174:2019 Bangsamoro autonomy plebiscite
1154:Philippine House of Representatives
2541:Félix Houphouët-Boigny Peace Prize
2012:"A Tripoli Agreement inside story"
1436:Chittick, Sam (January 16, 2019).
1225:a plebiscite on September 17, 2022
533:Félix Houphouët-Boigny Peace Prize
467:Organization of Islamic Conference
25:
4330:Mindanao State University bombing
3581:"Gender and Conflict in Mindanao"
3462:Ranada, Pia (February 24, 2019).
3384:Unson, John (February 27, 2019).
3149:Rodel, Jose (February 12, 2014).
2714:. Lawphil Project. March 31, 2001
2658:. October 5, 2000. Archived from
1917:from the original on July 9, 2024
1438:"A Momentous Moment for Mindanao"
571:an "all-out war" against the MILF
3668:Afinidad-Bernardo, Deni Rose M.
3586:. National Democratic Institute.
2514:Casauay, Angela (May 25, 2015).
1740:. March 18, 2008. Archived from
1677:Paul J. Smith (March 26, 2015).
1526:Ranada, Pia (January 25, 2019).
1309:the national and local levels."
957:
900:Supreme Court of the Philippines
608:
539:1997 interim truce with the MILF
341:as a result of the civilian-led
3080:"Philippine peace breakthrough"
2577:Unson, John (August 28, 2013).
2099:https://doi.org/10.2307/2672283
1621:. Republic of the Philippines.
1204:Bangsamoro Transition Authority
510:Armed Forces of the Philippines
367:In 1987, the administration of
206:Armed Forces of the Philippines
159:Armed Forces of the Philippines
4402:Eastern Sabah Security Command
3906:Moro National Liberation Front
1231:was split into two provinces;
195:Moro National Liberation Front
171:Moro National Liberation Front
101:Moro National Liberation Front
1:
4453:Cross border attacks in Sabah
4417:Joint Peace and Security Team
4412:International Monitoring Team
4324:Datu Paglas market occupation
3912:Moro Islamic Liberation Front
3204:Cruz, RG (January 28, 2015).
1251:Political – legislative track
1108:Moro Islamic Liberation Front
817:allegedly led a rebellion in
473:, which was also a member of
299:Moro Islamic Liberation Front
187:University of the Philippines
113:Moro Islamic Liberation Front
4443:Bangsamoro Autonomous Region
4397:AFP Eastern Mindanao Command
4392:AFP Western Mindanao Command
3980:Pro-autonomy or independence
3918:MNLF Executive Council of 15
3899:Pro-autonomy or independence
2679:. Lynne Rienner Publishers.
2139:Southeast Asian Affairs 2004
2068:. Lynne Rienner Publishers.
1197:Bangsamoro transition period
1141:, who was then chair of the
912:President of the Philippines
339:President of the Philippines
201:through the force of arms.
4514:Politics of the Philippines
4499:Islamism in the Philippines
4407:Eastern Sabah Security Zone
2635:GMA News and Public Affairs
1886:McKenna, Thomas M. (1998).
1841:McKenna, Thomas M. (1998).
1771:GMA News and Public Affairs
1653:. Oxford University Press.
1553:The Asia Foundation Website
1259:, to take the place of the
1027:peace with the government.
984:conditions to do so are met
868:Let the audience know that
4530:
4361:1996 Final Peace Agreement
4149:Basilan beheading incident
3953:Khalifa Islamiyah Mindanao
3630:Entertainment.inquirer.net
1710:. Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
1364:Women of the Weeping River
1336:Women in the peace process
1194:
1171:
1126:
1099:
1034:
935:Creation of the Bangsamoro
859:Malaysian Defence Minister
554:
514:Philippine National Police
461:1996 Final Peace Agreement
458:
435:
386:
360:
325:
296:
241:
174:
168:
91:conflict. In terms of the
76:
26:
4282:Central Mindanao bombings
3941:Ansar Khalifa Philippines
3338:Philippine Daily Inquirer
3312:Philippine Daily Inquirer
3236:Philippine Daily Inquirer
3128:Philippine Daily Inquirer
2172:Howe, Brendan M. (2014).
2016:Philippine Daily Inquirer
1737:Philippine Daily Inquirer
1280:Approaches and principles
940:2011 Aquino-Murad meeting
432:Creation of NUC and OPAPP
4494:Bangsamoro peace process
1889:Muslim Rulers and Rebels
1844:Muslim Rulers and Rebels
1647:T. J. S. George (1980).
898:filed a case asking the
465:In the early 1990s, the
311:, and then, in 1980, to
4312:Jolo Cathedral bombings
4270:Zamboanga City bombings
4131:Battle of Camp Abubakar
2712:"Republic Act No. 9054"
2673:Abuza, Zachary (2003).
2222:Abuza, Zachary (2003).
2062:Abuza, Zachary (2003).
2038:"The Tripoli Agreement"
1369:40th Gawad Urian Awards
904:Conchita Carpio Morales
677:Organic Act of the ARMM
665:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
564:Joseph Ejercito-Estrada
343:People Power Revolution
97:ruled under Martial Law
68:History of negotiations
4438:Bangsamoro Organic Law
4349:1976 Tripoli Agreement
4258:Dos Palmas kidnappings
3761:GPH-MILF Peace Process
3267:on September 10, 2014.
2662:on September 23, 2001.
2435:. September 30, 2022.
2375:Bantayog ng mga Bayani
2136:Kin Wah, Chin (2004).
1619:BARMM Official Website
1178:Bangsamoro Organic Law
883:
275:1976 Tripoli Agreement
244:1976 Tripoli Agreement
238:1976 Tripoli Agreement
139:
115:as a new armed group.
46:Bangsamoro Organic Law
42:1976 Tripoli Agreement
4276:SuperFerry 14 bombing
4167:Zamboanga City crisis
4064:Hamsiraji Marusi Sali
4052:Jainal Antel Sali Jr.
2461:Oishi, Mikio (2015).
1823:Yegar, Moshe (2002).
1744:on September 13, 2015
1594:on September 13, 2015
1346:Miriam Coronel-Ferrer
1237:Maguindanao del Norte
1059:Miriam Coronel-Ferrer
185:On October 21, 1972,
126:
4468:Proclamation No. 216
4385:and peace monitoring
4300:Bukidnon bus bombing
4294:Maguindanao massacre
4240:Ozamiz Ferry Bombing
4215:Ungkaya Pukan clash
4115:Pata Island massacre
3547:. September 18, 2022
3358:Arguillas, Carolyn.
3032:. February 29, 2012.
1773:. October 27, 2011.
1285:"Six Paths to Peace"
831:Malaysian government
808:Malaysian Government
723:, and the cities of
621:confusing or unclear
383:Creation of the ARMM
337:Soon after becoming
4448:Bangsamoro Republik
4246:Sipadan kidnappings
4225:Incidents involving
4191:Battle of Tipo-Tipo
4173:Operation Darkhorse
4161:Lahad Datu standoff
3632:. October 20, 2016.
3495:. November 26, 2020
3390:The Philippine Star
3306:Sarmiento, Bong S.
3183:The Philippine Star
3155:The Philippine Star
3086:. January 25, 2014.
3046:. October 23, 2011.
3018:. October 23, 2011.
3004:. October 24, 2011.
2783:. December 3, 2009.
2609:The Philippine Star
2583:The Philippine Star
2469:Springer Publishing
2351:on October 15, 2013
2010:(October 1, 2013).
1442:The Asia Foundation
1267:Normalization track
1233:Maguindanao del Sur
1147:Alan Peter Cayetano
971:of this section is
713:Zamboanga del Norte
629:clarify the section
214:1974 Battle of Jolo
157:by soldiers of the
85:Marcos dictatorship
4355:1987 Jeddah Accord
4306:Davao City bombing
4252:Rizal Day bombings
4022:Khadaffy Janjalani
3882:Palimbang massacre
3699:www.cinemalaya.org
3521:. October 28, 2021
3287:. February 9, 2019
3185:. January 27, 2015
2929:. August 14, 2009.
2377:. March 16, 2024.
2180:Ashgate Publishing
2117:. October 11, 2012
1158:Feliciano Belmonte
1071:Benigno Aquino III
590:insult to the MILF
357:1987 Jeddah Accord
223:This prompted the
140:
4481:
4480:
4288:Mindanao bombings
4234:Lahad Datu ambush
4179:Battle of Basilan
4155:Cotabato conflict
4137:Misuari rebellion
4085:
4084:
4028:Ameril Umbra Kato
3968:
3967:
3726:. August 12, 2018
3569:. August 5, 2023.
2898:"G.R. No. 183591"
2872:"G.R. No. 183591"
2846:978-1-84720-718-0
2769:on June 16, 2010.
2751:on July 12, 2012.
2686:978-1-58826-237-0
2503:on July 11, 2012.
2209:The CenSEI Report
2075:978-1-58826-237-0
1809:978-971-11-1130-4
1690:978-1-317-45886-9
1660:978-0-19-580429-4
1143:Philippine Senate
1017:Al-Barka, Basilan
1012:
1011:
1004:
857:, in April 2003,
721:Zamboanga Sibugay
717:Zamboanga del Sur
661:
660:
653:
204:The MNLF and the
89:New People's Army
60:, to replace the
16:(Redirected from
4521:
4426:Related articles
4264:Siege of Lamitan
4185:Mamasapano clash
4109:Patikul massacre
4097:Battle off Mukah
4046:Radullan Sahiron
3977:
3896:
3864:Jabidah massacre
3811:
3804:
3797:
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3648:News.abs-cbn.com
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3135:
3130:. March 27, 2014
3120:
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3094:
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3034:
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3026:
3020:
3019:
3012:
3006:
3005:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2976:
2970:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2923:
2917:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2904:on May 30, 2013.
2900:. Archived from
2894:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2874:. Archived from
2868:
2862:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2830:
2821:
2820:
2813:
2807:
2802:
2796:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2765:. Archived from
2759:
2753:
2752:
2747:. Archived from
2745:"MNLF Home Page"
2741:
2735:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2708:
2702:
2697:
2691:
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2670:
2664:
2663:
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2646:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2574:
2568:
2564:Soliman Santos.
2562:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2499:. Archived from
2493:"MNLF Home Page"
2489:
2483:
2482:
2458:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2400:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2347:. Archived from
2337:
2331:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2312:
2306:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2169:
2158:
2157:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2107:
2101:
2095:
2080:
2079:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2042:The Manila Times
2033:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1982:TV5 Network Inc.
1973:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1900:
1894:
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1876:
1870:
1866:
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1838:
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1814:
1813:
1793:
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1701:
1695:
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1665:
1664:
1644:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1590:. Archived from
1579:
1573:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1550:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1523:
1514:
1513:
1511:
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1483:
1477:
1468:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1433:
1424:
1421:
1415:
1412:
1380:(locally titled
1356:In popular media
1135:Mamasapano clash
1129:Mamasapano clash
1007:
1000:
996:
993:
987:
961:
960:
953:
656:
649:
645:
642:
636:
612:
611:
604:
484:When an interim
371:signed the 1987
313:Lahore, Pakistan
151:Ferdinand Marcos
144:Jabidah massacre
83:The rise of the
21:
4529:
4528:
4524:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4519:
4518:
4509:Peace processes
4484:
4483:
4482:
4477:
4421:
4384:
4378:
4335:
4226:
4220:
4209:Siege of Marawi
4081:
4016:Isnilon Hapilon
4004:
3964:
3923:
3887:
3870:Manili massacre
3820:
3815:
3757:
3745:
3743:Further reading
3740:
3739:
3729:
3727:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3703:
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3692:
3688:
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3394:
3392:
3383:
3382:
3378:
3368:
3366:
3357:
3356:
3352:
3342:
3340:
3332:Suson, Divina.
3331:
3330:
3326:
3316:
3314:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3290:
3288:
3284:Manila Standard
3277:
3276:
3272:
3261:GMA News Online
3255:
3254:
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3240:
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3107:
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3073:
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3055:
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3028:
3027:
3023:
3014:
3013:
3009:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2985:
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2978:
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2973:
2966:
2962:
2952:
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2939:
2938:
2934:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2913:
2909:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2881:
2879:
2878:on May 30, 2013
2870:
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2327:
2323:
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2309:
2302:
2298:
2275:10.2307/2644614
2256:
2255:
2251:
2244:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2190:
2171:
2170:
2161:
2154:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2120:
2118:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2096:
2083:
2076:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2046:
2044:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2020:
2018:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1991:
1989:
1988:on June 1, 2016
1975:
1974:
1970:
1960:
1958:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1935:
1934:
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1918:
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1901:
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1478:
1471:
1465:
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1396:
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1358:
1338:
1329:
1287:
1282:
1269:
1253:
1245:
1199:
1193:
1180:
1172:Main articles:
1170:
1139:Bongbong Marcos
1131:
1125:
1104:
1098:
1039:
1033:
1008:
997:
991:
988:
977:
962:
958:
951:
942:
937:
928:
888:
753:Puerto Princesa
693:Lanao del Norte
657:
646:
640:
637:
626:
613:
609:
602:
582:Philippine flag
559:
553:
541:
463:
457:
440:
434:
391:
385:
365:
359:
335:
330:
324:
301:
295:
262:Vicente Paterno
246:
240:
183:
181:Burning of Jolo
173:
167:
121:
105:Muammar Gaddafi
81:
75:
70:
31:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4527:
4525:
4517:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4486:
4485:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4429:
4427:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4388:
4386:
4383:Security zones
4380:
4379:
4377:
4376:
4370:
4364:
4358:
4352:
4345:
4343:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4333:
4327:
4321:
4315:
4309:
4303:
4297:
4291:
4285:
4279:
4273:
4267:
4261:
4255:
4249:
4243:
4237:
4230:
4228:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4212:
4206:
4200:
4194:
4188:
4182:
4176:
4170:
4164:
4158:
4152:
4146:
4140:
4134:
4124:
4118:
4112:
4106:
4103:Battle of Jolo
4100:
4093:
4091:
4087:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4076:Abdullah Maute
4073:
4067:
4061:
4055:
4049:
4043:
4037:
4031:
4025:
4019:
4012:
4010:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3996:
3990:
3983:
3981:
3974:
3970:
3969:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3962:
3956:
3950:
3944:
3938:
3931:
3929:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3915:
3909:
3902:
3900:
3893:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3885:
3879:
3876:Tacub massacre
3873:
3867:
3861:
3856:
3855:
3854:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3821:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3806:
3799:
3791:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3756:
3755:External links
3753:
3752:
3751:
3744:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3711:
3686:
3660:
3635:
3617:
3603:
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3558:
3532:
3506:
3480:
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3428:
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3376:
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3324:
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3270:
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3196:
3167:
3141:
3115:
3089:
3071:
3060:
3049:
3035:
3021:
3007:
2993:
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2960:
2932:
2918:
2907:
2889:
2863:
2852:
2845:
2822:
2808:
2797:
2786:
2772:
2754:
2736:
2725:
2703:
2692:
2685:
2665:
2647:
2621:
2595:
2569:
2557:
2532:
2506:
2484:
2478:978-9811000423
2477:
2471:. p. 51.
2450:
2420:
2392:
2362:
2345:United Nations
2332:
2321:
2307:
2296:
2269:(2): 194–205.
2249:
2242:
2214:
2195:
2189:978-1409469438
2188:
2159:
2152:
2128:
2102:
2081:
2074:
2054:
2028:
1999:
1984:Archived from
1968:
1946:
1928:
1895:
1878:
1830:
1815:
1808:
1788:
1755:
1723:
1716:
1696:
1689:
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1515:
1484:
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1385:
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1337:
1334:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1307:
1306:
1299:
1298:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1268:
1265:
1252:
1249:
1244:
1241:
1195:Main article:
1192:
1189:
1169:
1166:
1127:Main article:
1124:
1121:
1100:Main article:
1097:
1094:
1090:European Union
1035:Main article:
1032:
1029:
1010:
1009:
965:
963:
956:
950:
947:
941:
938:
936:
933:
927:
924:
896:North Cotabato
887:
884:
823:Zamboanga City
737:General Santos
709:Sultan Kudarat
705:South Cotabato
685:North Cotabato
670:Eduardo Ermita
659:
658:
616:
614:
607:
601:
598:
555:Main article:
552:
549:
540:
537:
529:
528:
517:
490:Fidel V. Ramos
459:Main article:
456:
453:
436:Main article:
433:
430:
387:Main article:
384:
381:
369:Corazon Aquino
361:Main article:
358:
355:
347:Corazon Aquino
334:
331:
323:
320:
305:Hashim Salamat
297:Main article:
294:
291:
242:Main article:
239:
236:
169:Main article:
166:
163:
120:
117:
74:
71:
69:
66:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4526:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
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4500:
4497:
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4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
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4436:
4434:
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4430:
4428:
4424:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4381:
4374:
4371:
4368:
4365:
4362:
4359:
4356:
4353:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4342:
4341:Peace process
4338:
4331:
4328:
4325:
4322:
4319:
4318:Jolo bombings
4316:
4313:
4310:
4307:
4304:
4301:
4298:
4295:
4292:
4289:
4286:
4283:
4280:
4277:
4274:
4271:
4268:
4265:
4262:
4259:
4256:
4253:
4250:
4247:
4244:
4241:
4238:
4235:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4223:
4216:
4213:
4210:
4207:
4204:
4203:Bohol clashes
4201:
4198:
4197:Butig clashes
4195:
4192:
4189:
4186:
4183:
4180:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4168:
4165:
4162:
4159:
4156:
4153:
4150:
4147:
4144:
4141:
4138:
4135:
4132:
4128:
4125:
4122:
4121:Ipil massacre
4119:
4116:
4113:
4110:
4107:
4104:
4101:
4098:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4088:
4077:
4074:
4071:
4068:
4065:
4062:
4059:
4056:
4053:
4050:
4047:
4044:
4041:
4038:
4035:
4034:Albader Parad
4032:
4029:
4026:
4023:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4007:
4000:
3999:Murad Ebrahim
3997:
3994:
3991:
3988:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3978:
3975:
3971:
3960:
3957:
3954:
3951:
3948:
3945:
3942:
3939:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3926:
3919:
3916:
3913:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3897:
3894:
3890:
3883:
3880:
3877:
3874:
3871:
3868:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3818:Moro conflict
3812:
3807:
3805:
3800:
3798:
3793:
3792:
3789:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3725:
3721:
3715:
3712:
3700:
3696:
3690:
3687:
3675:
3671:
3664:
3661:
3649:
3645:
3639:
3636:
3631:
3627:
3621:
3618:
3613:
3607:
3604:
3599:
3593:
3590:
3582:
3576:
3573:
3568:
3562:
3559:
3551:September 18,
3546:
3542:
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3533:
3520:
3516:
3510:
3507:
3494:
3490:
3484:
3481:
3469:
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3458:
3455:
3443:
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3432:
3429:
3417:
3413:
3406:
3403:
3391:
3387:
3380:
3377:
3365:
3361:
3354:
3351:
3339:
3335:
3328:
3325:
3313:
3309:
3302:
3299:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3274:
3271:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3252:
3249:
3237:
3233:
3226:
3223:
3211:
3207:
3200:
3197:
3184:
3180:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3156:
3152:
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38:
37:Moro conflict
30:
29:Moro conflict
19:
4340:
4058:Ahmed Santos
3995:(MNLF EC-15)
3920:(MNLF EC-15)
3892:Rebel groups
3837:Gun cultures
3728:. Retrieved
3723:
3714:
3702:. Retrieved
3698:
3689:
3677:. Retrieved
3674:Philstar.com
3673:
3663:
3651:. Retrieved
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3544:
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3519:inquirer.net
3518:
3509:
3499:November 26,
3497:. Retrieved
3492:
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3473:February 24,
3471:. Retrieved
3467:
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3445:. Retrieved
3441:
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3419:. Retrieved
3415:
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3393:. Retrieved
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3260:
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3213:. Retrieved
3210:ABS-CBN News
3209:
3199:
3187:. Retrieved
3182:
3160:February 27,
3158:. Retrieved
3154:
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3134:February 27,
3132:. Retrieved
3127:
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3101:
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3084:Bangkok Post
3083:
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3010:
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2984:. Retrieved
2974:
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2945:
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2902:the original
2892:
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2876:the original
2866:
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2767:the original
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2706:
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2660:the original
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2638:. Retrieved
2624:
2612:. Retrieved
2598:
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2572:
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2548:. Retrieved
2535:
2523:. Retrieved
2519:
2509:
2501:the original
2496:
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2463:
2441:. Retrieved
2432:
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2411:. Retrieved
2407:
2383:. Retrieved
2374:
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2349:the original
2335:
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2263:Asian Survey
2262:
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2224:
2217:
2208:
2198:
2174:
2138:
2131:
2119:. Retrieved
2114:
2105:
2064:
2057:
2045:. Retrieved
2031:
2019:. Retrieved
2002:
1990:. Retrieved
1986:the original
1971:
1959:. Retrieved
1954:Pike, John.
1949:
1941:Asia Society
1940:
1931:
1919:. Retrieved
1908:
1898:
1888:
1881:
1849:. Retrieved
1843:
1824:
1818:
1798:
1791:
1779:. Retrieved
1746:. Retrieved
1742:the original
1735:
1726:
1706:
1699:
1679:
1649:
1627:. Retrieved
1618:
1608:
1596:. Retrieved
1592:the original
1577:
1568:
1552:
1540:
1531:
1462:
1450:. Retrieved
1441:
1419:
1381:
1375:
1362:
1350:
1339:
1330:
1308:
1300:
1291:Haydee Yorac
1288:
1274:
1270:
1254:
1246:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1208:
1200:
1181:
1151:
1132:
1112:
1105:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1063:Kuala Lumpur
1056:
1049:
1042:
1040:
1025:
1021:
1013:
998:
989:
967:
943:
929:
920:
908:independence
893:
889:
870:Kuala Lumpur
867:
855:Metro Manila
847:
839:
835:
812:
789:
785:Isabela City
674:
662:
647:
638:
627:Please help
618:
575:
568:
560:
546:
542:
530:
502:
498:
483:
464:
448:Haydee Yorac
445:
441:
411:
409:populated.
403:
392:
366:
336:
317:
309:Cairo, Egypt
302:
287:
279:
272:
265:
247:
233:
222:
203:
184:
141:
82:
54:
34:
32:
4463:Moro people
4260:(2000–2001)
4145:(2002–2015)
3987:Nur Misuari
3959:Maute group
3525:October 29,
3369:January 26,
3241:January 29,
3215:January 29,
3189:January 27,
3102:www.msn.com
2953:October 12,
2718:January 28,
2640:October 12,
2614:October 12,
2588:October 12,
2497:mnlfnet.com
2355:October 12,
2316:"R.a. 6734"
1869:|work=
1847:. p. 3
1229:Maguindanao
1162:JV Ejercito
1075:Najib Razak
862:Najib Razak
815:Nur Misuari
783:(excluding
777:Marawi City
418:Maguindanao
193:formed the
191:Nur Misuari
177:Nur Misuari
138:are in red.
132:Philippines
4488:Categories
4070:Omar Maute
4040:Abu Sabaya
3935:Abu Sayyaf
3832:Drug abuse
3730:August 12,
3704:August 10,
3108:August 24,
2413:January 8,
2236:(note 3).
2153:9812302387
1389:References
1257:Bangsamoro
1223:Following
1152:While the
1050:President
969:neutrality
829:, but the
800:Abu Sayyaf
623:to readers
525:plebiscite
326:See also:
218:Jolo, Sulu
189:professor
175:See also:
155:Corregidor
77:See also:
58:Bangsamoro
27:See also:
4227:civilians
4090:Incidents
4009:Islamists
3928:Islamists
3545:MindaNews
3447:March 24,
3442:MindaNews
3416:MindaNews
3364:MindaNews
3343:April 10,
3317:April 10,
3291:April 10,
2283:0004-4687
2115:MindaNews
1871:ignored (
1861:cite book
1629:March 18,
1133:The 2015
992:July 2024
980:talk page
773:Kidapawan
765:Koronadal
757:Zamboanga
701:Sarangani
641:July 2024
486:ceasefire
471:Indonesia
426:Tawi-Tawi
407:Christian
148:President
127:Areas in
4473:Refugees
4129:and the
3993:Mus Sema
3763:timeline
3493:PhilStar
2986:July 10,
2947:BBC News
2443:July 10,
2437:Archived
2385:July 10,
2379:Archived
2121:June 18,
1915:Archived
1775:Archived
1623:Archived
1557:Archived
1446:Archived
1342:Mindanao
973:disputed
916:Congress
877:against
842:Congress
804:Filipino
792:military
769:Tacurong
749:Pagadian
725:Cotabato
512:and the
395:Congress
377:Mindanao
250:Malaysia
229:Mindanao
129:Mindanao
3973:Leaders
3842:Poverty
3825:Prelude
3724:Rappler
3679:May 29,
3653:May 29,
3468:Rappler
3464:"BARMM"
2882:June 4,
2550:May 18,
2525:May 18,
2520:Rappler
2291:2644614
2047:May 18,
2021:May 19,
1992:May 18,
1961:May 18,
1921:July 9,
1910:Rappler
1851:July 9,
1588:Rappler
1532:Rappler
1452:July 9,
879:poverty
781:Basilan
733:Dipolog
729:Dapitan
697:Palawan
681:Basilan
619:may be
494:Jakarta
33:Formal
4375:(MILF)
4369:(MILF)
4363:(MNLF)
4357:(MNLF)
4351:(MNLF)
4332:(2023)
4326:(2021)
4320:(2020)
4314:(2019)
4308:(2016)
4302:(2014)
4296:(2009)
4290:(2009)
4284:(2006)
4278:(2004)
4272:(2002)
4266:(2001)
4254:(2000)
4248:(2000)
4242:(2000)
4236:(1985)
4217:(2022)
4211:(2017)
4205:(2017)
4199:(2016)
4193:(2016)
4187:(2015)
4181:(2014)
4175:(2014)
4169:(2013)
4163:(2013)
4157:(2008)
4151:(2007)
4139:(2001)
4133:(2000)
4123:(1995)
4117:(1981)
4111:(1977)
4105:(1974)
4099:(1862)
4030:(BIFF)
4001:(MILF)
3989:(MNLF)
3949:(BIFF)
3914:(MILF)
3908:(MNLF)
3884:(1974)
3878:(1971)
3872:(1971)
3866:(1968)
3859:Piracy
3847:Racism
2843:
2683:
2475:
2289:
2281:
2240:
2186:
2150:
2072:
1806:
1781:May 5,
1748:May 5,
1714:
1687:
1657:
1052:Aquino
851:Makati
771:, and
745:Marawi
741:Iligan
586:lechon
225:Marcos
134:under
4458:Ilaga
4066:(ASG)
4060:(RSM)
4054:(ASG)
4048:(ASG)
4042:(ASG)
4036:(ASG)
4024:(ASG)
4018:(ASG)
3955:(KIM)
3943:(AKP)
3937:(ASG)
3584:(PDF)
3104:. EFE
2287:JSTOR
1560:(PDF)
1549:(PDF)
1510:(PDF)
875:jihad
827:Sabah
796:Libya
761:Digos
663:When
594:Islam
479:chair
475:ASEAN
254:Libya
4078:(MG)
4072:(MG)
3961:(MG)
3852:Rido
3732:2018
3706:2018
3681:2022
3655:2022
3553:2022
3527:2021
3501:2020
3475:2019
3449:2019
3423:2019
3397:2019
3371:2019
3345:2019
3319:2019
3293:2019
3243:2015
3217:2015
3191:2015
3162:2015
3136:2015
3110:2020
2988:2024
2955:2013
2884:2012
2841:ISBN
2720:2014
2681:ISBN
2642:2013
2616:2013
2590:2013
2552:2016
2527:2016
2473:ISBN
2445:2024
2415:2018
2387:2024
2357:2013
2279:ISSN
2238:ISBN
2184:ISBN
2148:ISBN
2123:2022
2070:ISBN
2049:2016
2023:2016
1994:2016
1963:2016
1923:2024
1873:help
1853:2024
1804:ISBN
1783:2012
1750:2012
1712:ISBN
1685:ISBN
1655:ISBN
1631:2021
1600:2015
1454:2024
1235:and
1176:and
1088:The
966:The
821:and
819:Sulu
779:and
424:and
422:Sulu
351:Sulu
252:and
179:and
2271:doi
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