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commonly appears as envelope power overshoot on leading edges, and sometimes causes negative carrier shift on AM. Some more poorly designed transceivers have a short term envelope power overshoot several times the steady-state PEP setting. This envelope overshoot further complicates definitions of PEP and average power.
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Most modern amateur transceivers sample PEP to adjust power, using an ALC (automatic level control) system. Time delay in the ALC system and finite time of RF signals passing through multiple stages, in particular narrow filters, often gives rise to unusual envelope distortion. This distortion
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waveforms, such as SSB or AM voice transmissions. Typical average power of a SSB voice transmission, for example, is 10-20% of PEP. The percentage of longer term average power to PEP increases with processing, and commonly reaches ~50% with extreme speech processing.
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definition. PEP is normally considered the occasional or continuously repeating crest of the modulation envelope under normal operating conditions. The United States FCC uses PEP to set maximum power standards for radio transmitters.
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PEP; in other words, a typical modern 100-watt amateur transceiver is usually rated for no more than, and often less than, 25 watts carrier output when operating in AM.
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AM applications because it most accurately described the potential of mobile transmitters to interfere with each other. Its use is now somewhat
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Representation of the peak envelope power (PEP) using the example of an AM-modulated signal. The PEP is the power area shown in red.
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Assuming linear, perfectly symmetrical, 100% modulation of a carrier, PEP output of an
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Although average power is the same as PEP for complex modulation forms, such as
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170:. Newington, Connecticut: American Radio Relay League, 1999, p. 15.6
157:. Newington, Connecticut: American Radio Relay League, 1999, p. 6.7
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transmission. PEP is also equal to average power in a steady
71:dot or dash average power, in a properly-formed
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67:PEP is equal to steady carrier power, or
30:(PEP) is the average power over a single
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98:waveform with power overshoot, or with
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16:Measure of radio transmission power
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137:) now typically being preferred.
40:Federal Communications Commission
168:ARRL Handbook For Radio Amateurs
155:ARRL Handbook For Radio Amateurs
55:transmitter is four times its
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115:PEP was often used in non-
34:cycle at the crest of the
199:Radio transmission power
135:effective radiated power
128:transmitter power output
184:Federal Standard 1037C
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63:PEP vs. average power
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166:R. Dean Straw, ed.
153:R. Dean Straw, ed.
100:amplitude modulated
28:Peak envelope power
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107:PEP level control
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38:. This is a
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123:, with the
141:References
121:deprecated
36:modulation
117:broadcast
193:Category
178:See also
132:average
125:average
57:carrier
47:AM PEP
83:, or
85:RTTY
92:FSK
81:FSK
195::
96:CW
79:,
77:FM
73:CW
53:AM
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