983:, after assuming power for the first time, Pisistratus managed the city of Athens even-handedly and fairly, maintaining the government and political office structure as is with no changes to existing laws. However, after reassuming control in 546 BC for his third stint as head of state, Herodotus says that he firmly established his tyranny with his mercenary force, increased his revenues from mining sources in Attica and Mt Pangaeus, placed opponents' children as hostages on the island of Naxos, and exiled both Alcmaeonids as well as other Athenian dissenters (whether by freely chosen exile or by force is unclear). Pomeroy reaffirms Herodotus' commentary regarding Pisistratus' third turn in power, adding that Pisistratus installed relatives and friends in the offices of various archonships and detained the children of some Athenians as hostages to deter future uprisings and discourage opposition. Some of these actions would contradict the perception that Pisistratus ruled justly and followed the law. Aristotle seconds the initial remarks of Herodotus by characterising Pisistratus' reign as moderate and mild, describing the ruler as having a pleasant and tender disposition. As an illustration, Aristotle relates the case of a member of Pisistratus' entourage encountering a man tilling a stony plot of land and asking what was the yield of this land. The anonymous man responded that he received physical soreness and aches and Pisistratus received one-tenth of this yield. Due to his honesty, or perhaps his cleverness, Pisistratus exempted the man from paying his taxes. Aristotle also comments that Pisistratus' government functioned more in a constitutional manner and less like a tyranny.
976:, a one-person leader whose ruling attributes are often considered to be violent and oppressive, the usage of the term tyrant during the Archaic Age of Greece did not automatically imply dictatorial or harsh actions by that individual. Rather, the Greek populace would judge a tyrant's reign, good or bad, in regards to his actions and behaviour. Some tyrannies were short-lived while others, like Pisistratus' rule, could last quite long, even decades, if perceived to be a good tyranny and accepted by the people. By definition, tyrants obtained their ruling position by force or other unconstitutional means, and they did not inherit this authoritarian role in the manner of a king or via monarchical succession. However, once in power, many tyrants attempted to establish the propagation of their rule by passing the leadership mantle to their sons, as did Pisistratus. Usually, a tyrant would come from the ranks of fellow aristocrats, but would frequently rally the poor and powerless to their cause in a bid to obtain power, exemplified by Pisistratus when he formed the Hyperakrioi faction. To ease their transition into power and encourage societal security, tyrants could elect to keep the status quo for government institutions and laws, and even legacy officeholders, rather than purge them,
763:. In terms of agriculture, Solon had previously initiated a focus on the growth and cultivation of olives, which were better suited to the Athenian climate, as a cash crop. Pisistratus reintroduced a focus on olive production and in conjunction, he allocated funds to help the peasants outside the city of Athens, who were a key constituent bloc of his party, the Hyperakrioi, to obtain land as well as purchase tools and farm equipment. The small farmer loans were funded in large part by an assessment or tax on agricultural production, a rare documented example of an Athenian direct tax, at a rate of ten percent according to Aristotle. A secondary source reports that the tax was closer to five percent. Consequently, providing loans and monies to the rural residents surrounding Athens allowed them to continue working in the fields and to perhaps have them be uninterested in the politics of the city-state.
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aristocratic group like the other two Athens factions, by promoting his democratic program and securing a mutual agreement with the members or demos of the faction. By obtaining support from this vast number of the poorer population and receiving the protection of bodyguards, he was able to overrun and seize the
Acropolis as well as grasp the reins of the government. The Athenians were open to a tyranny similar to that under Solon, who previously had been offered the tyranny of Athens but declined, and in the early part of the Archaic Age, the rivalries among the aristocratic clans was fierce, making a single-ruler tyranny an attractive option, with the promise of possible stability and internal peace, and Pisistratus' ruse won him further prominence. With the Acropolis in his possession and with the support of his bodyguard, he declared himself tyrant.
636:. Providing some background details, Herodotus comments that just before the battle commences a seer gave Pisistratus a prophecy that the net has been cast and the tuna will swarm through. With the prophecy both welcomed and understood by Pisistratus, his troops advanced and attacked the Athenian forces who were resting after lunch, easily routing them. While the Athenians retreated and in order to prevent them from reforming their forces, Pisistratus directed his sons to ride after the routed Athenians and announce that they should return home, retaining no anxiety or fear from the situation at hand. With those instructions, the Athenians complied and Pisistratus was able to return to rule Athens for a third time as tyrant, with his reign lasting from 546 BC till his death in 528 or 527 BC.
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five years. His first ouster from office was circa 556/555 BC after the other two factions, the Plains people led by
Lycurgus and the Coastal people led by Megacles, normally at odds with each other, joined forces and removed him from power. Different sources provide conflicting or unspecified time intervals for the periods of Pisistratus' reign. For example, Herodotus writes that Megacles' and Lycurgus' followers combined after a short time to expel Pisistratus from power. Aristotle comments that Pisistratus was forced out during the year of the archonship of Hegesias, five years after he originally assumed his first tyranny in Athens.
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575:, who was viewed as cunning and having a special relationship with Athena. It is debated to what extent this staged event impacted the return of many to his side. Krentz postulates that the story should be viewed in the context of a premeditated performance of Athena returning to the temple dedicated to her. While some argue that the general public believed he had won the favour of the goddess, others instead put forward the idea that the public were aware that he was using the chariot ride as a political manoeuvre, drawing comparisons between himself and the ancient kings of Athens.
690:, whose origins date from earlier in the 6th century and was celebrated to a large degree every four years, with scaled-down versions of the festival every year. Due to the expansion of the Panathenaic festival, Athena became the most revered goddess of Athens, in essence the patron god of the city-state, and the end of the festival would see a parade travelling to Athena's temple at the Acropolis, featuring a robe for the deity made by young Athenian women. Recitations of Homeric poems and athletic competitions became part of the festivities and prizes were given to the winners.
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443:: not previously represented by the first two factions or parties listed above, dwelled primarily in the hills and were by far the poorest of the Athenian population. Their only production was barter in items like honey and wool. Pisistratus organised them into a third faction, the Hyperakrioi, or hill dwellers. This party grossly outnumbered the other two parties combined. R.J. Hopper provides similar names for the factions and classifies them by their region in Attica: Pedion, Paralia, and Diakria.
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567:, by being dressed in full armour, riding in a chariot, and being counselled on how to portray the goddess. Heralds were sent ahead to announce that Athena herself was bringing Pisistratus back to her acropolis and that she exalted him above all other men. Word travelled fast to the people throughout the villages and even to those in the city believing that Phye was the goddess Athena and consequently, Pisistratus was welcomed back by the awestruck Athenians.
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group, referred to as men of the
Highlands (or Hill), had various motives to align with Pisistratus, including those men in poverty, recent immigrants who feared loss of citizenship, and lenders who were denied the ability to collect their debts. Names of the competing factions differ according to the accessed source, with some references offering details on each group's composition while others do not:
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351:. Among his many reforms, Solon eliminated debt slavery, which primarily impacted poor Athenians, who were in the majority, giving the demos — the common people of the city-state — collectively a concession to ease their suffering and possibly preventing a civil war. Pisistratus' later rise to power would draw on support from many of the poor people composing this constituency.
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319:, both opposed and supported Pisistratus at various points in his reign. Due to the infighting between aristocratic families and the inability to maintain order, a tyrant was well-positioned to capitalise on the discontent of the poor and disenfranchised to make a bid for power. In the age of antiquity and especially in the Archaic Age of Greece, a
231:. While in power, he did not hesitate to confront the aristocracy and greatly reduce their privileges, confiscating their lands and giving them to the poor. Pisistratus funded many religious and artistic programs, in order to improve the economy and spread the wealth more equally among the Athenian people.
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symbolised the goddess of wisdom, Athena, and these coins quickly became the most widely recognized currency in the Aegean region. Meanwhile, Verlag argues that the minting most likely started in the first decade of
Pisistratus' third reign in power (546 to circa 535 BC), but the design was the so-called
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functioned as a social levelling mechanism, regardless of economic status, for those outside the
Pisistratid faction and sympathizers. Hence, the democratic style of government that evolved to replace the overthrow of the Pisistratids was aided by the circumstances and outcomes of the outgoing tyranny.
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Soon after, Herodotus reports that
Pisistratus, who had been previously married and had two grown sons, did not want to have any children with his new wife, the daughter of Megacles, and would not have intercourse with her in the traditional manner. Apparently, Pisistratus was unwilling to compromise
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How much of this story is based in facts versus an oral fabrication or exaggeration passed down to
Herodotus is not entirely known. Lavelle writes that this story provides a Homer-type mythological tie-in to the connection between the gods and Greek heroes where Pisistratus' prior resume as a warrior
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Pisistratus assumed and held power for three different periods of time, ousted from political office and exiled twice during his reign, before taking command of Athens for the third, final, and longest period of time from 546–528 BC. His first foray into power started in the year 561 and lasted about
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Upon the passing of
Pisistratus, the coalescing of Athens and its city-state population into a tightly knit society, both of a religious and civil nature, was well underway, even though Athens was still much less influential militarily and politically compared to Sparta, its future ally and rival of
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His role in the
Megarian conflict gained Pisistratus popularity in Athens, but he did not have the political clout to seize power. Around the year 561 BC, Herodotus writes how Pisistratus intentionally wounded himself and his mules, asking the Athenian people to provide bodyguards for protection and
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competing for control of Athens and its government. According to
Aristotle, these groups were partitioned in both a geographic (as documented below) and economic sense. The first two factions, based on the plains and the coast, appeared to exist prior to the formation of the third faction. The third
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of Athens ultimately triumphs in a power struggle, dividing the Athenian citizens into ten new tribes, creating a Council of Five Hundred as a representative assembly, and ushering in the age of democratic government in the year 508/507. According to Pomeroy, the tyranny of Pisistratus and his sons
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Analysis of secondary sources regarding both the length, as mentioned previously, and the accomplishments of Pisistratus' first two tyrannies are conflicting and very sparse in details, respectively. For instance, Lavelle hypothesises that Megacles and the Alcmaeonids still held the majority of the
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have discovered agora markers from the 6th century supporting such a claim. Aristocrats had previously owned their private wells and Pisistratus elected to construct fountain houses with public access to water. On the Acropolis, the temple of Athena was reconstructed as the 6th century progressed,
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emperor, in 131 AD. Public rather than private patronage became the hallmark of a Pisistratus-ruled society, providing a steady source of construction jobs to those citizens in need and more affordable housing in the city centre. Consequently, more people were able to move to the city of Athens.
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Rosivach writes that the Pisistratid dynasty did not fundamentally change the government as originally created by Solon; instead, they maintained power by installing allies in important governmental positions, threatening force as needed, and using marriage alliances, all being tactics residing
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that Miltiades was sent over to take control of the Chersonese at a later time in the 6th century, in the year 516, by the sons of Pisistratus. In the process of assuming power, Miltiades procured the support of 500 mercenaries, in a tactic similar to that of Pisistratus, and married a Thracian
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Pisistratus also initiated a travelling system of judges throughout the countryside to conduct trials on location and even the tyrant himself would occasionally accompany these groups for inspection purposes and conflict resolution. At one point, Pisistratus appeared before the court in his own
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Regarding the minting of silver coins, evidence of this production started to appear in the early 6th century in various Greek city-states. Pomeroy contends that the first stamping of coins, imprinted with the image of an owl, was initiated by either Pisistratus or his sons. This owl depiction
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During the three reigns of Pisistratus in the mid to latter part of the 6th century BC, Athens was beginning its transition to becoming the largest and most dominant of the cities on the Attic peninsula. Starr states that Athens was coalescing into the framework of a city, rather than a loose
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He was exiled for three to six years during which the agreement between the Pedieis (Plains) and the Paralioi (Coast) fell apart. Soon after, in the year 556 BC or so, Megacles invited Pisistratus back for a return to power upon the condition Pisistratus marry Megacles' daughter. According to
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or marketplace of Athens, claiming he had been wounded by his enemies outside of town, and thus, the people of Athens selected some of their men to function as a bodyguard, armed with clubs rather than spears, for him. Previously, he had assumed control of the Hyperakrioi, which was not an
1011:, was mistakenly identified as the supreme tyrant due to being the victim. However, Hippias was the actual leader of Athens, remaining in power for another four years. During this time, Hippias became more paranoid and oppressive in his actions, killing many of the Athenian citizens. The
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725:, was redesigned so a much larger building (27m by 30m) could be built on site, with completion during the last few years of Pisistratus' reign or during the time of his sons' rule. Completely made of stone, the Telesterion had marble upper works, a Doric style portico, and tiles. The
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festival at Eleusis was an annual event held in the fall of each year, and was a Pan-Hellenic cult event for people both inside and outside of the Attica region. Other minor local cults sprinkled throughout Attica were either relocated entirely or in part to the city of Athens.
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To finance these public infrastructure projects as well as increasing the depth and variety of cultural and arts offerings, Pisistratus used the revenue streams generated from the mining at Mount Pangaeus in northern Greece and the silver mines located closer to home at
1003:, succeeded him as tyrant of Athens. Hippias, along with his brother, Hipparchus, kept many of the existing laws and taxed the Athenians at no more than five percent of their income. In 514 BC, a plot to kill both Hippias and Hipparchus was conceived by two lovers,
1110:, the expelling of a citizen for up to ten years, as a governmental management tool arose in reaction to the tyranny of the Pisistratids, and was envisioned, in part, as a defence against potential tyrants or individuals who amassed too much power or influence.
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political offices in the Athens government as part of the price and negotiation process that Pisistratus had to pay in order to become tyrant, and consequently, Pisistratus perhaps only functioned as a figurehead during his first two times in power.
1027:, which they did in 510 BC. Following the capture of their children, Hippias and the other Pisistratids were forced to accept the terms dictated by the Athenians to recover their children and were exiled, being provided safe passage to Sigeion.
592:. Furious, Megacles broke off this short-lived alliance with Pisistratus and drove him into exile for a second time, with the help of Pisistratus' enemies. During the length of his exile lasting approximately ten years, Pisistratus relocated to
661:, the main port city of Attica, just 5 miles southwest of Athens, and this port location was key to granting Athens easy access to maritime trade opportunities and the ocean waterways. Other notable cities in Attica include Marathon and
379:. As a result of this sign, Chilon recommended that Hippocrates send away his wife, if she could bear children, and if he had a son, to disown him. Hippocrates did not follow Chilon's advice, and later, he had a son named Pisistratus.
836:, R. J. Hopper writes that silver was indeed produced during this time, but the amount is unclear for the years prior to 484 or 483 BC and it is possible that historians and researchers have overestimated the importance of the mines.
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waterway was a narrow strait of water between the Thracian Chersonese and Anatolia, and the Thracian peninsula was a key location along travel routes between Asia Minor (Anatolia) and the European continent. Herodotus reports in the
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With an emphasis on promoting the city of Athens as a cultural centre and enhancing his prestige, Pisistratus instituted a number of actions to show his support for the gods and patronage of the arts. A permanent copying of Homer's
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In conjunction with the burgeoning Athenian commerce, Pisistratus conducted a foreign policy, especially in the central Aegean Sea, with the intent of building alliances with friendly leaders. On the island of Naxos, the wealthy
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was not viewed in the modern sense of the definition, but rather, a ruler who obtained power unconstitutionally, usually through the use of force, or inherited such power. In the first documented instance of Athenian tyranny,
893:(heraldic coins) at first and then followed by a change to the owl currency version. The dating and placement of this change is uncertain, either late in the Pisistratid dynastic era or early in the democratic era of Athens.
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the upcoming 5th century BC. Per Aristotle, the tyranny during the time of Pisistratus was commonly thought of as "the age of gold". This reference to an age of gold harkened back to the mythological god Cronos (
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was connected to the Enneakrounos fountain at the edge of the agora and this marketplace was improved by revising the market lay-out in a more systematic way, improving both its effectiveness and use of space.
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on the northern side of Attica and advanced towards Athens, joined by some local sympathizers from Athens and the surrounding demes. The Athenians mustered a force in opposition and met Pisistratus' forces at
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Garland, Robert. “Greek Spectacles and Festivals.” Civilization of the Ancient Mediterranean World: Greece and Rome. Eds. Grant, Michael and Kitzinger, Rachel. 3 vols. New York: Scribner's, 1988. Vol. 1,
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Borthwick, Edward K. “Music and Dance.” Civilization of the Ancient Mediterranean World: Greece and Rome. Eds. Grant, Michael and Kitzinger, Rachel. 3 vols. New York: Scribner's, 1988. Vol. 1, 1507-8.
794:, Cyprus, and as far east as Syria, while to the west, Spain was the most distant market. The popularity of Athenian pottery was noteworthy in the fact that its numbers eventually began to surpass
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701:, the god of wine and pleasure, and vase paintings of that period highlighted drinking and exuberant celebratory scenes. At the Dionysia festival, prizes were granted for the singing of
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and during Pisistratus' rule, the building of a very large temple dedicated to Zeus was initiated, stopped upon his death, resumed several centuries later, and finally completed by
340:. His attempt was unsuccessful and despite assurances to the contrary, Cylon and his supporters were allegedly killed by the Alcmaeonids, resulting in the Alcmaeonid curse.
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was an Athenian statesman and lawmaker who, in the early 6th century BC, restructured the social class system of Athens as well as reformed the law code, originated by
1007:, after Hipparchus had unsuccessfully solicited the younger Harmodius and subsequently insulted his sister. However, Hipparchus was the only one assassinated, and per
215:, the triangular peninsula of Greece containing Athens, along with economic and cultural improvements laid the groundwork for the later pre-eminence of Athens in
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778:, Italian, and French regions (the modern-day names for these regions) in the 7th century. Under Solon, beginning in the early part of the 6th century, these
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in reference to Pisistratus' tyranny and advocates that a society ruled by a tyrant has weak citizens while a democratic society has strong and free people.
435:, primarily because they could not produce grain, like the plainsmen. With the Megareans patrolling the sea, much of Athens' import/export power was limited.
371:, attended the Olympic Games in either 608 or 604, and during a sacrifice to the gods, the meat was said to have been boiled without a fire, as witnessed by
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the Men of the Hill: the population containing the poorer residents of the Attic highlands, and possibly including residents of cities of Attica as well.
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or Pediakoi: the population that resided on the plains, led by Lycurgus. These landowners produced grain, giving them leverage during the food shortage.
1140:), because they always had their feet covered with wolf-skins, to prevent frostbite; alternatively, because they had a wolf symbol on their shields.
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and architecture of Athens, building new and upgrading old. His administration built roads and worked to improve the water supply of Athens. An
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reports that the city of Athens was still very divided and in turmoil, with many secondary sources noting the development of three distinct
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Herodotus, the two men concocted a creative method to rally the people of Athens back to Pisistratus' side. A tall, almost six foot woman,
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Lavelle, B. M. Fame, Money and Power: The Rise of Pisistratus and “Democratic” Tyranny at Athens. The University of Michigan Press, 2005.
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The second clan, the Alcmaeonids, came to prominence in the 6th century BC during the lifetime of their namesake Alcmaeon and whose son,
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Thucydides. “Funeral Oration of Pericles.” The Peloponnesian War. Trans. Benjamin Jowett, 1881. Ed. Paul Brians. December 18, 1998. <
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defence, charged with murder, but the prosecution/accuser dropped the charges, being reluctant or afraid to move forward in the case.
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Hornblower, Simon and Spawforth, Anthony eds. “Peisistratus.” The Oxford Classical Dictionary. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2003.
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Connor, W. R. (November 1987). "Tribes, festivals and processions; civic ceremonial and political manipulation in archaic Greece".
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began to develop. The most notable families could trace their lineage back to a legendary or mythological founder/king, such as
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reminding them of his prior accomplishments, including the port capture of Nisiai. Pisistratus had driven his chariot into the
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Goušchin, Valerij (May 1999). "Pisistratus' leadership in A. P. 13.4 and the establishment of the tyranny of 561/60 B.C.".
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https://www.worldhistory.org/Piraeus/#:~:text=Piraeus%20(or%20Peiraieus)%20was%20the,Kantharos%2C%20Zea%2C%20and%20Munichia
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Goušchin, Valerij (May 1999). "Pisistratus' leadership in A. P. 13.4 and the establishment of the tyranny of 561/60 B.C.".
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Connor, W.R. (1987). "Tribes, Festivals and Precessions; Civic Ceremonial and Political Manipulation in Archaic Greece".
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and general would be viewed as heroic and furthermore, Pisistratus would be viewed in a similar manner as the Greek hero
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Lavelle, B. M. (December 1991). "The Compleat Angler: Observations on the Rise of Peisistratos in Herodotos (1.59–64)".
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or Pangaion, accumulating wealth from the gold and silver mines located nearby. Financed by the mining money, he hired
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Illustration from 1838 by M. A. Barth depicting the return of Pisistratus to Athens, accompanied by a woman dressed as
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223:, historically assigned the date of 566 BC, and the consequent first attempt at producing a definitive version of the
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3166:. Translated by The Rev. Henry Francis Cary. Illustrated by Gustave Dore. Minneapolis: First Avenue Editions, 2015.
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regions. Pisistratus continued to expand this vital pottery trade, with the black-figure pottery being found in
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City of ancient Athens and its surrounding towns. The Long Walls shown were not built until the 5th century BC.
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commodities began to be exported in ever increasing numbers and distance from Athens, arriving throughout the
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As for the city of Athens itself, Pisistratus embarked on a public building project campaign to improve the
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outside the constitution and law. Forsdyke chronicles the certain usage of Greek words by Herodotus in his
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champion, who gathered supporters, in either 636 or 632 BC, in an attempt to seize power by occupying the
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http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0009%3Achapter%3D6%3Asection%3D28
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that had been contributing to food shortages in Athens during the previous several decades.
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146:
84:
4365:
2549:
Pomeroy, Sarah B.; Burstein, Stanley M.; Donlan, Walter; Roberts, Jennifer Tolbert (1999).
2324:
Pomeroy, Sarah B.; Burstein, Stanley M.; Donlan, Walter; Roberts, Jennifer Tolbert (1999).
2278:
Pomeroy, Sarah B.; Burstein, Stanley M.; Donlan, Walter; Roberts, Jennifer Tolbert (1999).
2085:
Pomeroy, Sarah B.; Burstein, Stanley M.; Donlan, Walter; Roberts, Jennifer Tolbert (1999).
901:
4752:
4667:
4632:
4577:
4441:
4339:
3811:
https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/history/ancient-history-greece-biographies/pisistratus
3208:
Fra tirannide e democrazia: Ipparco figlio di Carmo e il destino dei Pisistratidi ad Atene
1605:
1114:
875:
795:
329:
211:
in the late 560s, the early 550s and from 546 BC until his death. His unification of
2207:(ProQuest Ebook Central). Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. p. 114.
888:
3021:
Pomeroy, Sarah B.; Burstein, Stanley; Donlan, Walter; Roberts, Jennifer Tolbert (1999).
2787:
Pomeroy, Sarah B.; Burstein, Stanley; Donlan, Walter; Roberts, Jennifer Tolbert (1999).
2420:
Pomeroy, Sarah B.; Burstein, Stanley; Donlan, Walter; Roberts, Jennifer Tolbert (1999).
2158:
Pomeroy, Sarah B.; Burstein, Stanley; Donlan, Walter; Roberts, Jennifer Tolbert (1999).
1853:
Pomeroy, Sarah B.; Burstein, Stanley; Donlan, Walter; Roberts, Jennifer Tolbert (1999).
1779:
Pomeroy, Sarah B.; Burstein, Stanley; Donlan, Walter; Roberts, Jennifer Tolbert (1999).
359:
4657:
4567:
2145:
Fame, Money, and Power : The Rise of Peisistratos and Democratic Tyranny at Athens
1968:
Fame, Money, and Power : The Rise of Peisistratos and Democratic Tyranny at Athens
1016:
802:
601:
597:
269:
families, who had accumulated wealth, land, and religious or political offices, as the
262:
216:
204:
180:
4862:
4344:
3816:
Pomeroy, Sarah B., Stanley M. Burstein, Walter Donlan, and Jennifer Tolbert Roberts.
3740:
3705:
3668:
3631:
3518:
3481:
3401:
3360:
3323:
3243:
3195:
Barolini, Teodolinda. "Purgatorio 15: Divine Multiplication (Commento Baroliniano)."
2913:
2718:
2645:
2368:
2129:
2013:
1747:
1704:
1303:
1123:
382:
Originally, Pisistratus became known as an Athenian general who captured the port of
376:
241:, who ruled in Athens from 546 to 510 BC, referring to Pisistratus and his two sons,
224:
3878:
3037:
2476:
2299:
2234:
1596:
1256:
4295:
4199:
3566:
3187:
2827:
2565:
2220:
The Landmark Thucydides, A Comprehensive Guide to The Peloponnesian War, Appendix A
1896:
1655:
820:
286:
1038:, and went on to aid the Persians in their attack on Marathon (490 BC) during the
3409:
Evans, Nancy A. (2002). "Sanctuaries, Sacrifices, and the Eleusinian Mysteries".
3276:
2382:
Evans, Nancy A. (2002). "Sanctuaries, Sacrifices, and the Eleusinian Mysteries".
2205:
Fame, Money, and Power: The Rise of Peisistratos and Democratic Tyranny at Athens
1509:
4209:
4099:
4059:
4049:
3385:
2702:
2057:
Fame, Money and Power; The Rise of Peisistratos and Democratic Tyranny at Athens
1089:
1043:
953:
941:
833:
811:
722:
644:
450:
and her fellow three authors state the three factions of Athens are as follows:
439:
391:
3951:
3422:
3201:
https://digitaldante.columbia.edu/dante/divine-comedy/purgatorio/purgatorio-15/
2395:
227:. Pisistratus' championing of the lower class of Athens is an early example of
4617:
4547:
4532:
4527:
4502:
4436:
4410:
4229:
4204:
4139:
4134:
4089:
4004:
3946:
https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/tyrants
3732:
3689:
3652:
3615:
3502:
3307:
3265:
3169:"Ancient Greek Poleis Systems of Government: Athens and Sparta." May 8, 2021.
2660:
2629:
2113:
1731:
1688:
1287:
1118:
1073:
1012:
1008:
922:
as ruler of the island Samos. Pisistratus re-assumed control of the port city
919:
783:
718:
457:
the Men of the Coast: the population likely including fishermen and craftsmen.
428:
367:
Not much is known about the early years of Pisistratus' life, but his father,
293:
278:
474:
Hill district: formed by Pisistratus in an effort to become tyrant of Athens.
17:
4592:
4587:
4164:
4159:
4114:
4109:
4044:
4019:
4009:
3999:
3994:
1155:
1107:
949:
945:
938:
906:
775:
702:
686:
was commissioned by Pisistratus and he also increased the visibility of the
593:
544:
510:
398:
325:
282:
2177:. Translated by F.G. Kenyon. London: G. Bell And Sons, LTD. pp. 25–26.
937:
In addition, Pisistratus was able to establish an Athenian presence in the
774:
was a key export, with small numbers of pottery beginning to arrive in the
751:
One of the major areas of focus for Pisistratus and his government was the
3934:
3465:
2897:
1355:
4757:
4742:
4677:
4652:
4512:
4219:
4174:
4094:
4034:
4014:
3586:
1911:
1807:
1030:
The surviving Pisistratid ruler, Hippias, eventually joined the court of
927:
760:
698:
694:
572:
519:
454:
the Men of the Plain: the population composed mostly of large landowners.
424:
419:
316:
301:
274:
258:
228:
4240:
3903:
3859:
3697:
3660:
3393:
3164:
Dante's Purgatorio : The Vision of Purgatory from the Divine Comedy
3119:
3079:
Dante's Purgatorio : The Vision of Purgatory from the Divine Comedy
2866:
2710:
2637:
1926:
1739:
1319:
The Concept of Instability and the Theory of Democracy in the Federalist
4707:
4582:
4400:
4184:
4079:
4074:
3893:
The Landmark Thucydides: A Comprehensive Guide to the Peloponnesian War
3473:
3430:
2929:
The Landmark Thucydides: A Comprehensive Guide to The Peloponnesian War
2905:
2403:
1764:; Burstein, Stanley; Donlan, Walter; Roberts, Jennifer Tolbert (1999).
923:
816:
714:
710:
709:
plays were an annual competition occurrence. Control of the temple of
706:
682:
662:
658:
640:
Achievements and contributions to Athens during third and final tyranny
624:
609:
560:
523:
of Pisistratus. Charmus was the first Athenian to dedicate an altar to
514:
304:, Greece, and traced their ancestry to the mythological king of Pylos,
3870:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. ProQuest Ebook Central.
3752:
3676:
Hopper, R. J. (1961). "'Plain', 'Shore', and 'Hill' in Early Athens".
3623:
3594:
3510:
3352:
3315:
3235:
2931:. trans. Richard Crawley. New York: Free Press. 1.20, 6.54-6.57, 6.59.
2360:
2147:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. pp. 127–128.
2121:
2005:
1815:
1718:
Hopper, R. J. (1961). "'Plain', 'Shore', and 'Hill' in Early Athens".
1696:
1428:
1295:
4637:
4169:
3851:
3761:
Ancient Greece: From Prehistoric to Hellenistic Times: Second Edition
3549:
2858:
2749:
Ancient Greece: From Prehistoric to Hellenistic Times: Second Edition
1337:
1100:
1092:
of Athens of heraldic type from the time of Peisistratos, 545–525 BC
1024:
1020:
973:
931:
657:
affiliation of neighbouring villages. Perhaps next in importance was
600:
region of northern Greece, and eventually settled in the vicinity of
564:
540:
464:
Herodotus provides the following information about the three groups:
387:
383:
320:
305:
212:
208:
191:
132:
128:
112:
108:
3448:
Forsdyke, Sara (2001). "Athenian Democratic Ideology and Herodotus'
2880:
Forsdyke, Sara (2001). "Athenian Democratic Ideology and Herodotus'
1970:(ProQuest Ebook Central). University of Michigan Press. p. 103.
878:
of Athens of heraldic type from the time of Pisistratus, 545–510 BC
3790:
3344:
3227:
2352:
1997:
627:
as a base and supported by Eretrian cavalry, Pisistratus landed at
397:
In the subsequent years after Solon and his departure from Athens,
4194:
4069:
4054:
900:
791:
742:
676:
643:
617:
534:
491:
480:
358:
344:
297:
270:
3838:
Rosivach, Vincent J. (1988). "The Tyrant in Athenian Democracy".
3066:. trans. F. G. Kenyon. London: G. Bell And Sons, LTD. p. 28.
2845:
Rosivach, Vincent J. (1988). "The Tyrant in Athenian Democracy".
1457:(ProQuest Ebook Central). Cambridge University Press. p. 28.
4662:
2961:. trans. Andrea L. Purvis. New York: Anchor Books. 6.102, 6.107.
2821:. Ath¿nai¿n politeia.English. G. Bell and Sons. pp. 27–28.
2510:. trans. F.G. Kenyon. London: G. Bell And Sons, LTD. p. 27.
1649:. Ath¿nai¿n politeia.English. G. Bell and Sons. pp. 21–23.
1131:
1035:
648:
Location of cities of ancient Greece and neighbors; Mt. Pangaeus
556:
552:
524:
4244:
3955:
3010:. trans. Andrea L. Purvis. New York: Anchor Books. 5.66, 6.131.
1942:"Ancient Greek Poleis Systems of Government: Athens and Sparta"
1621:"Ancient Greek Poleis Systems of Government: Athens and Sparta"
1550:"Ancient Greek Poleis Systems of Government: Athens and Sparta"
390:
in approximately 565 BC. This victory opened up the unofficial
3639:
Hopper, R. J. (1968). "The Laurion Mines: A Reconsideration".
3528:
The Concept of Instability and the Theory of Democracy in the
2946:. trans. Andrea L. Purvis. New York: Anchor Books. 5.63, 5.65.
2776:. trans. Andrea L. Purvis. New York: Anchor Books. 1.59, 1.64.
2616:
Hopper, R. J. (1968). "The Laurion Mines: A Reconsideration".
2282:. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 172–173.
2089:. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 170–171.
1768:. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 169–170.
1472:. trans. Andrea L. Purvis. New York: Anchor Books. 1.60, 1.61.
832:, owned by the state, in Attica. However, despite evidence of
693:
New festivals were inaugurated such as the greater and lesser
3924:
http://katie.luther.edu/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?id=68564
3888:
Translated by Andrea L. Purvis. New York: Anchor Books, 2007.
3214:
Boardman, John (1975). "Herakles, Peisistratos and Eleusis".
3094:"Purgatorio 15: Divine Multiplication (Commento Baroliniano)"
2339:
Boardman, John (1975). "Herakles, Peisistratos and Eleusis".
2192:. trans. Andrea L. Purvis. New York: Anchor Books. 1.62-1.64.
1135:
596:
or Rhaecelus, notable for its good agricultural base, in the
184:
3895:. Translated by Richard Crawley. New York: Free Press, 1996.
1890:. Ath¿nai¿n politeia.English. G. Bell and Sons. p. 24.
747:
Men harvesting olives (ca. 520 BC); British Museum, London
579:
Conflict, second exile, and return to power for third time
423:
or Paraloi: the population living along the coast, led by
3898:"Suda Encyclopedia." Translated by Suda On Line project.
3818:
Ancient Greece: a political, social, and cultural history
3602:
Holladay, James (1977). "The Followers of Peisistratus".
3294:
Cole, J. W. (April 1975). "Peisistratus on the Strymon".
3025:. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 171.
3023:
Ancient Greece: a political, social, and cultural history
2791:. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 171.
2789:
Ancient Greece: a political, social, and cultural history
2553:. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 172.
2551:
Ancient Greece: a political, social, and cultural history
2424:. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 171.
2422:
Ancient Greece: a political, social, and cultural history
2328:. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 172.
2326:
Ancient Greece: a political, social, and cultural history
2280:
Ancient Greece: a political, social, and cultural history
2162:. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 171.
2160:
Ancient Greece: a political, social, and cultural history
2100:
Cole, J. W. (April 1975). "Peisistratus on the Strymon".
2087:
Ancient Greece: A political, social, and cultural history
1857:. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 170.
1840:(London: Printed by W. M'Dowell for J. Davis, 1812), 185.
1783:. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 170.
1766:
Ancient Greece: a political, social, and cultural history
1274:
Holladay, James (1977). "The Followers of Peisistratus".
1106:
During the era of Athenian democracy, the development of
934:), placing one of his sons in charge of the government.
53:
Fictitious depiction of Pisistratus from the 19th century
3442:
The End of Kings: A History of Republics and Republicans
2806:. trans. Andrea L. Purvis. New York: Anchor Books. 1.64.
2736:. trans. Andrea L. Purvis. New York: Anchor Books. 6.39.
2074:. trans. Andrea L. Purvis. New York: Anchor Books. 1.61.
1875:. trans. Andrea L. Purvis. New York: Anchor Books. 1.60.
1855:
Ancient Greece: A political, social and cultural history
1781:
Ancient Greece: A political, social and cultural history
1585:. trans. Andrea L. Purvis. New York: Anchor Books. 1.59.
1538:. trans. Andrea L. Purvis. New York: Anchor Books. 1.59.
1226:
The End of Kings: A History of Republics and Republicans
3092:
Barolini, Teodolinda (2014). Written at New York, NY.
2218:
Boegehold, Alan L. (1996). Strassler, Robert B. (ed.).
1134:, the bodyguards of Pisistratus were called wolf-feet (
999:
Pisistratus died in 527 or 528 BC, and his eldest son,
948:
peninsula located in modern-day Turkey, by dispatching
468:
Plains district: led by Lycurgus, son of Aristoleides.
219:. His legacy lies primarily in his institution of the
608:
and bolstered with the support of allies such as the
1412:
Higbie, Carolyn (2009). Strassler, Robert B. (ed.).
1397:
Dewald, Carolyn (2009). Strassler, Robert B. (ed.).
1382:
Higbie, Carolyn (2009). Strassler, Robert B. (ed.).
1103:), who ruled during what was called the Golden Age.
4777:
4475:
4450:
4424:
4358:
4325:
4318:
4278:
3873:Starr, Chester G. "Pisistratus: Tyrant of Athens."
3533:(Thesis). Durham, North Carolina: Duke University.
471:
Coastal district: led by Megacles, son of Alcmaeon.
363:
Location of Attica region on the mainland of Greece
152:
138:
118:
99:
94:
78:
62:
39:
3820:. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
2991:Krentz, Peter (2007). Strassler, Robert B. (ed.).
2027:Krentz, Peter (2007). Strassler, Robert B. (ed.).
1223:
1185:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome
277:(Heracles) or an ancestor who participated in the
3879:https://www.britannica.com/biography/Peisistratus
3199:. New York: Columbia University Libraries, 2014.
2993:The Landmark Herodotus, The Histories, Appendix A
2059:. University of Michigan Press. pp. 118–122.
2029:The Landmark Herodotus, The Histories, Appendix A
1414:The Landmark Herodotus, The Histories, Appendix L
1399:The Landmark Herodotus, The Histories, Appendix T
1384:The Landmark Herodotus, The Histories, Appendix L
1230:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp.
509:In this period (557–556 BC), one of the Athenian
3823:Roisman, Joseph, and translated by J.C Yardley,
3567:https://www.stoa.org/athens/sites/acropolis.html
3489:French, A. (1959). "The Party of Peisistratos".
3255:Sailing the Wine Dark Sea: Why the Greeks Matter
3181:. Ath¿nai¿n politeia.English. G. Bell and Sons.
1675:French, A. (1959). "The Party of Peisistratos".
1208:D.M. Lewis, "The tyranny of the Pisistratidae",
1015:family helped depose the tyranny by bribing the
289:. The Pisistratid clan were originally from the
237:is the common family or clan name for the three
3801:. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). pp. 59–60.
2927:Thucydides (1996). Strassler, Robert B. (ed.).
2840:
2838:
312:, the Homeric hero, fought in the Trojan War.
265:Period, political power began to be wielded by
3277:https://www.worldhistory.org/Greek_Government/
3271:Cartwright, Mark. "Ancient Greek Government."
3006:Herodotus (2007). Strassler, Robert B. (ed.).
2957:Herodotus (2007). Strassler, Robert B. (ed.).
2942:Herodotus (2007). Strassler, Robert B. (ed.).
2802:Herodotus (2007). Strassler, Robert B. (ed.).
2772:Herodotus (2007). Strassler, Robert B. (ed.).
2732:Herodotus (2007). Strassler, Robert B. (ed.).
2188:Herodotus (2009). Strassler, Robert B. (ed.).
2070:Herodotus (2007). Strassler, Robert B. (ed.).
1871:Herodotus (2007). Strassler, Robert B. (ed.).
1581:Herodotus (2007). Strassler, Robert B. (ed.).
1534:Herodotus (2007). Strassler, Robert B. (ed.).
1468:Herodotus (2007). Strassler, Robert B. (ed.).
620:, he looked southward for a return to power.
431:. The Paralioi party was not as strong as the
4256:
3967:
3444:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000.
257:Ancient Greek governments traditionally were
8:
3526:Sauls, Shanaysha M. Furlow (18 April 2008).
1317:Furlow Sauls, Shanaysha M. (18 April 2008).
886:
3266:https://www.worldhistory.org/Greek_Coinage/
3260:Cartwright, Mark. "Ancient Greek Coinage."
2751:. Yale University Press. pp. 104–105.
343:Related to Pisistratus through his mother,
4479:
4322:
4263:
4249:
4241:
3974:
3960:
3952:
3779:Perseus Digital Library - Tufts University
3678:The Annual of the British School at Athens
3641:The Annual of the British School at Athens
2618:The Annual of the British School at Athens
2446:Perseus Digital Library - Tufts University
1720:The Annual of the British School at Athens
1595:Chester G. Starr, ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA
488:Periods of power/three attempts at tyranny
47:
36:
3548:
3538:
3186:
2826:
1895:
1654:
1336:
1326:
972:As opposed to the modern definition of a
30:For other people with the same name, see
3916:Oxford Dictionary of the Classical World
2978:Oxford Dictionary of the Classical World
979:In Herodotus' view as documented in the
717:and honouring the goddesses Demeter and
386:(or Nisaia) in the nearby city-state of
3935:https://www.britannica.com/topic/tyrant
3777:Martin, Thomas R. "Tyranny at Athens."
3210:. Alessandria: Edizioni Dell’Orso, 2004
2544:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2293:
2291:
2289:
1321:(Thesis). Duke University. p. 77.
1174:
909:(original dating to 5th−4th century BC)
27:6th-century BC tyrant of ancient Athens
3886:The Landmark Herodotus, The Histories.
3825:Ancient Greece from Homer to Alexander
3179:Aristotle on the Athenian constitution
3137:
3064:Aristotle on the Athenian Constitution
2995:. New York: Anchor Books. p. 725.
2819:Aristotle on the Athenian constitution
2508:Aristotle on the Athenian Constitution
2501:
2499:
2497:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2415:
2413:
2175:Aristotle on the Athenian Constitution
2031:. New York: Anchor Books. p. 724.
1979:
1977:
1888:Aristotle on the Athenian constitution
1848:
1846:
1836:, 1.59; Plutarch, “Life of Solon”, in
1670:
1668:
1666:
1647:Aristotle on the Athenian constitution
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1416:. New York: Anchor Books. p. 791.
1401:. New York: Anchor Books. p. 835.
1386:. New York: Anchor Books. p. 786.
705:and by the year 534 BC approximately,
543:, as described by the Greek historian
3904:https://topostext.org/work/240#la.797
3840:Quaderni Urbinati di Cultura Classica
3370:"Mining money in Late Archaic Athens"
3008:The Landmark Herodotus, The Histories
2959:The Landmark Herodotus, The Histories
2944:The Landmark Herodotus, The Histories
2847:Quaderni Urbinati di Cultura Classica
2804:The Landmark Herodotus, The Histories
2774:The Landmark Herodotus, The Histories
2734:The Landmark Herodotus, The Histories
2687:"Mining money in Late Archaic Athens"
2190:The Landmark Herodotus, The Histories
2072:The Landmark Herodotus, The Histories
1873:The Landmark Herodotus, The Histories
1866:
1864:
1615:
1613:
1583:The Landmark Herodotus, The Histories
1536:The Landmark Herodotus, The Histories
1470:The Landmark Herodotus, The Histories
1350:
1348:
7:
3561:Glowacki, Kevin T. "The Acropolis."
2222:. New York: Free Press. p. 577.
1377:
1375:
563:was selected to pose as the goddess
203: – 527 BC) was a politician in
3753:https://www.worldhistory.org/Pylos/
1508:Cartwright, Mark (March 20, 2018).
1427:Macquire, Kelly (October 6, 2020).
926:or Sigeum, on the coast of western
584:the political futures of his sons,
2659:Cartwright, Mark (July 15, 2016).
2143:Lavelle, B.M. (January 18, 2005).
869:Incuse square, divided diagonally
770:On the commerce side, Athenian or
25:
3827:(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2011)
3454:The American Journal of Philology
2886:The American Journal of Philology
2523:"Temple of Olympian Zeus, Athens"
2252:Cartwright, Mark (June 2, 2013).
1188:. Oxford University Press. 2010.
4841:
4840:
4828:
4309:
4286:Archaeological Museum of Olympia
3038:"Peisistratos: Tyrant of Athens"
2521:Cartwright, Mark (August 2015).
2477:"Peisistratos: Tyrant of Athens"
2300:"Peisistratos: Tyrant of Athens"
2235:"Peisistratus: TYRANT OF ATHENS"
1257:"Peisistratus: TYRANT OF ATHENS"
1058:
847:
531:Exile and second period of power
4291:Ancient Greek Olympic festivals
3789:Mitchell, John Malcolm (1911).
3333:The Journal of Hellenic Studies
3216:The Journal of Hellenic Studies
3100:. Columbia University Libraries
2341:The Journal of Hellenic Studies
1121:, the second instalment of the
842:Didrachm of Athens, 545–510 BC
74:561 BC, 559–556 BC, 546–527 BC
1:
3282:Cartwright, Mark. "Piraeus."
3126:. trans. Suda On Line project
2233:Starr, Chester (April 2019).
1598:Peisistratus TYRANT OF ATHENS
1255:Starr, Chester (April 2019).
1222:Everdell, William R. (2000).
759:production as well as expand
197:
123:
103:
32:Peisistratus (disambiguation)
3257:. New York: Doubleday, 2003.
3177:Kenyon, Frederic G. (1912).
2817:Kenyon, Frederic G. (1912).
1886:Kenyon, Frederic G. (1912).
1645:Kenyon, Frederic G. (1912).
905:Roman copy of Greek bust of
734:Policy: domestic and foreign
355:Early life and rise to power
192:
4894:Ancient Olympic competitors
3944:. Accessed April 30, 2021.
3933:. Accessed April 28, 2021.
3386:10.25162/historia-2014-0014
2703:10.25162/historia-2014-0014
2564:Glowacki, Kevin T. (2004).
1986:Journal of Hellenic Studies
1053:Obol of Athens, 545–525 BC
669:Culture, religion, and arts
300:, located in the region of
4915:
4889:Ancient Greek LGBTQ people
4458:Herald and Trumpet contest
3929:"Tyrant, Ancient Greece."
3891:Strassler, Robert B., ed.
3884:Strassler, Robert B., ed.
3759:Martin, Thomas R. (2013).
3749:World History Encyclopedia
3747:Macquire, Kelly. "Pylos."
3423:10.1163/156852702320263927
3284:World History Encyclopedia
3273:World History Encyclopedia
3262:World History Encyclopedia
2747:Martin, Thomas R. (2013).
2665:World History Encyclopedia
2528:World History Encyclopedia
2396:10.1163/156852702320263927
2258:World History Encyclopedia
1832:, Part 13, 24; Herodotus,
1514:World History Encyclopedia
1510:"Ancient Greek Government"
1433:World History Encyclopedia
1136:
1005:Harmodius and Aristogeiton
185:
29:
4822:
4482:
4307:
3990:
3910:Thomas, Rosalind (2012).
3902:. Accessed June 3, 2021.
3877:. Accessed May 15, 2021.
3781:. Accessed May 15, 2021.
3763:. Yale University Press.
3733:10.1017/S0009838800004493
3690:10.1017/S006824540001354X
3653:10.1017/S006824540001443X
3616:10.1017/S0017383500019628
3503:10.1017/S0017383500013280
3308:10.1017/S0017383500020052
3077:Alighieri, Dante (2015).
2972:Thomas, Rosalind (2012).
2630:10.1017/S006824540001443X
2114:10.1017/S0017383500020052
2043:The Athenian Constitution
1830:The Athenian Constitution
1732:10.1017/S006824540001354X
1689:10.1017/S0017383500013280
1288:10.1017/S0017383500019628
1210:Cambridge Ancient History
1087:
1057:
1052:
873:
846:
841:
162:
90:
67:
58:
46:
4874:6th-century BC Athenians
4835:Olympic Games portal
4743:Tiberius Caesar Augustus
1356:"Tyrant, ancient Greece"
4785:Ancient Olympic victors
3798:Encyclopædia Britannica
3721:The Classical Quarterly
3575:The Classical Quarterly
3188:2027/inu.30000131032322
2828:2027/inu.30000131032322
2661:"Ancient Greek Coinage"
2239:Encyclopedia Britannica
2203:Lavelle, B. M. (2005).
2055:Lavelle, B. M. (2005).
1897:2027/inu.30000131032322
1796:The Classical Quarterly
1656:2027/inu.30000131032322
1261:Encyclopedia Britannica
1163:Stasis (ancient Greece)
952:to rule as tyrant. The
4713:Polydamas of Skotoussa
4683:Peisistratos of Athens
4528:Arrhichion of Phigalia
4508:Alexander I of Macedon
3144:: CS1 maint: others (
910:
887:
748:
649:
547:
497:
364:
4748:Timasitheus of Delphi
4718:Pythagoras of Laconia
4498:Agesarchus of Tritaea
4272:Ancient Olympic Games
4085:Demetrius of Phalerum
3466:10.1353/ajp.2001.0038
2898:10.1353/ajp.2001.0038
1966:Lavelle, B.M (2005).
1928:Description of Greece
1150:Land reform in Athens
904:
746:
647:
538:
501:First period of power
495:
362:
334:ancient Olympic Games
4728:Sostratus of Pellene
4698:Philip II of Macedon
4663:Nero Caesar Augustus
4543:Berenice II of Egypt
4523:Archelaus of Macedon
4513:Anaxilas of Messenia
4503:Alcibiades of Athens
3792:"Peisistratus"
1453:Silk, M. S. (2004).
995:Legacy and aftermath
780:black-figure pottery
688:Panathenaic festival
559:or rural village of
122:Spring 527 BC (aged
4768:Xenophon of Corinth
4758:Varazdat of Armenia
4733:Theagenes of Thasos
4723:Pythagoras of Samos
4703:Philippus of Croton
4673:Onomastus of Smyrna
4628:Hiero I of Syracuse
4623:Herodorus of Megara
4613:Ergoteles of Himera
4593:Demaratus of Sparta
4416:Tethrippon of polos
3751:. October 6, 2020.
3368:Davis, Gil (2014).
3120:"Suda Encyclopedia"
2685:Davis, Gil (2014).
2442:"Tyranny at Athens"
1117:in Canto XV of the
944:, now known as the
515:Charmus of Kolyttus
328:notes the story of
4805:Hellenistic period
4763:Xenophon of Aegium
4678:Orsippus of Megara
4648:Leonidas of Rhodes
4608:Diocles of Corinth
4603:Diagoras of Rhodes
4553:Chaeron of Pellene
4493:Agasias of Arcadia
4488:Acanthus of Sparta
4301:Stadium at Olympia
3587:10.1093/cq/49.1.14
3275:. March 20, 2018.
3162:Alighieri, Dante.
3062:Aristotle (1914).
3036:Starr, Chester G.
2506:Aristotle (1914).
2475:Starr, Chester G.
2440:Martin, Thomas R.
2298:Starr, Chester G.
2173:Aristotle (1914).
1808:10.1093/cq/49.1.14
1604:2016-07-01 at the
1088:An archaic silver
1040:Greco-Persian Wars
911:
861:Four-spoked wheel
749:
650:
606:mercenary soldiers
548:
498:
403:political factions
365:
201: 600 BC
4856:
4855:
4818:
4817:
4738:Theron of Acragas
4708:Phrynon of Athens
4688:Phanas of Pellene
4598:Desmon of Corinth
4583:Cynisca of Sparta
4563:Chionis of Sparta
4538:Astylos of Croton
4471:
4470:
4238:
4237:
3770:978-0-300-16005-5
3604:Greece & Rome
3491:Greece & Rome
3438:Everdell, William
3264:. July 15, 2016.
2758:978-0-300-16005-5
1762:Pomeroy, Sarah B.
1677:Greece & Rome
1276:Greece & Rome
1212:, vol. IV, p. 287
1195:978-0-19-517072-6
1096:
1095:
882:
881:
798:pottery exports.
788:Mediterranean Sea
727:Greater Mysteries
697:, which honoured
623:In 546 BC, using
612:and the affluent
271:Greek city-states
221:Panathenaic Games
166:
165:
16:(Redirected from
4906:
4869:Athenian tyrants
4844:
4843:
4833:
4832:
4831:
4800:Classical period
4778:Lists of winners
4643:Iccus of Taranto
4573:Coroebus of Elis
4558:Chilon of Patras
4518:Aratus of Sicyon
4480:
4406:Synoris of polos
4371:Chariot of polos
4323:
4313:
4312:
4265:
4258:
4251:
4242:
3983:Ancient Athenian
3976:
3969:
3962:
3953:
3942:Encyclopedia.com
3919:
3868:Homer: The Iliad
3863:
3852:10.2307/20546964
3809:. May 29, 2018.
3807:Encyclopedia.com
3802:
3794:
3774:
3744:
3709:
3672:
3635:
3598:
3554:
3552:
3542:
3540:10.1.1.1005.6216
3522:
3485:
3434:
3405:
3364:
3327:
3286:. June 2, 2013.
3253:Cahill, Thomas.
3247:
3192:
3190:
3150:
3149:
3143:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3116:
3110:
3109:
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2918:
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2877:
2871:
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2859:10.2307/20546964
2842:
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2808:
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2784:
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2656:
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2649:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2595:Encyclopedia.com
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2561:
2555:
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2224:
2223:
2215:
2209:
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2200:
2194:
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2185:
2179:
2178:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2140:
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2097:
2091:
2090:
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2076:
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2067:
2061:
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2052:
2046:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2024:
2018:
2017:
1981:
1972:
1971:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1946:
1938:
1932:
1923:
1917:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1868:
1859:
1858:
1850:
1841:
1838:Plutarch’s Lives
1826:
1820:
1819:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1715:
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1608:
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1540:
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1525:
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1522:
1520:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1488:Encyclopedia.com
1480:
1474:
1473:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1455:Homer: The Iliad
1450:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1379:
1370:
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1367:
1366:
1352:
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1342:
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1330:
1328:10.1.1.1005.6216
1314:
1308:
1307:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1229:
1219:
1213:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1179:
1139:
1138:
1062:
1050:
1049:
892:
851:
839:
838:
448:Sarah B. Pomeroy
202:
199:
195:
190:
189:
125:
105:
95:Personal details
81:
72:
63:Tyrant of Athens
51:
37:
21:
4914:
4913:
4909:
4908:
4907:
4905:
4904:
4903:
4879:Archaic tyrants
4859:
4858:
4857:
4852:
4829:
4827:
4814:
4773:
4772:
4753:Troilus of Elis
4693:Philinus of Cos
4668:Oebotas of Dyme
4633:Hypenus of Elis
4578:Cylon of Athens
4467:
4446:
4420:
4391:Perfect chariot
4354:
4314:
4310:
4305:
4274:
4269:
4239:
4234:
3986:
3980:
3940:"The Tyrants."
3909:
3837:
3805:"Pisistratus."
3788:
3771:
3758:
3718:
3675:
3638:
3601:
3572:
3525:
3488:
3447:
3408:
3367:
3330:
3296:Greece and Rome
3293:
3213:
3206:Berti, Monica.
3176:
3159:
3154:
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3136:
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3127:
3118:
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2684:
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2679:
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2667:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2600:
2598:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2574:
2572:
2566:"The Acropolis"
2563:
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2250:
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2201:
2197:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2102:Greece and Rome
2099:
2098:
2094:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2040:
2036:
2026:
2025:
2021:
1983:
1982:
1975:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1924:
1920:
1909:
1905:
1885:
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1827:
1823:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1778:
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1773:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1717:
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1712:
1674:
1673:
1664:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1611:
1606:Wayback Machine
1594:
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1268:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1242:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1207:
1203:
1196:
1182:"Pisistratus".
1181:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1146:
997:
970:
899:
741:
736:
671:
642:
581:
533:
527:, god of love.
517:, who had been
503:
490:
357:
255:
200:
127:
107:
79:
73:
68:
54:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4912:
4910:
4902:
4901:
4899:520s BC deaths
4896:
4891:
4886:
4884:Archaic Athens
4881:
4876:
4871:
4861:
4860:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4850:
4838:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4795:Archaic period
4792:
4787:
4781:
4779:
4775:
4774:
4771:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4658:Milo of Croton
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4638:Hysmon of Elis
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4568:Cimon Coalemos
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4484:
4483:
4477:
4473:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4465:
4460:
4454:
4452:
4448:
4447:
4445:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4428:
4426:
4422:
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4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
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4378:
4373:
4368:
4362:
4360:
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4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
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4329:
4320:
4316:
4315:
4308:
4306:
4304:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4282:
4280:
4276:
4275:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4260:
4253:
4245:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3971:
3964:
3956:
3950:
3949:
3938:
3927:
3920:
3907:
3896:
3889:
3882:
3871:
3864:
3835:
3821:
3814:
3803:
3786:
3775:
3769:
3756:
3745:
3727:(2): 317–324.
3716:
3713:
3710:
3673:
3636:
3599:
3570:
3559:
3555:
3523:
3486:
3460:(3): 329–358.
3445:
3435:
3417:(3): 227–254.
3406:
3380:(3): 257–277.
3365:
3345:10.2307/630068
3328:
3291:
3280:
3269:
3258:
3251:
3248:
3228:10.2307/630865
3211:
3204:
3193:
3174:
3167:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3111:
3084:
3069:
3054:
3028:
3013:
2998:
2983:
2964:
2949:
2934:
2919:
2892:(3): 329–358.
2872:
2834:
2809:
2794:
2779:
2764:
2757:
2739:
2724:
2697:(3): 257–277.
2677:
2651:
2608:
2597:. May 29, 2018
2582:
2556:
2534:
2513:
2493:
2458:
2427:
2409:
2390:(3): 227–254.
2374:
2353:10.2307/630865
2331:
2316:
2285:
2270:
2244:
2225:
2210:
2195:
2180:
2165:
2150:
2135:
2092:
2077:
2062:
2047:
2034:
2019:
1998:10.2307/630068
1973:
1958:
1933:
1918:
1903:
1878:
1860:
1842:
1821:
1786:
1771:
1753:
1710:
1662:
1637:
1609:
1588:
1566:
1541:
1526:
1500:
1475:
1460:
1445:
1419:
1404:
1389:
1371:
1344:
1309:
1266:
1247:
1241:978-0226224824
1240:
1214:
1201:
1194:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1152:
1145:
1142:
1094:
1093:
1085:
1084:
1083:Square incuse
1076:
1064:
1063:
1055:
1054:
1017:Delphic oracle
996:
993:
969:
968:Popular tyrant
966:
898:
895:
880:
879:
871:
870:
862:
853:
852:
844:
843:
834:silver coinage
812:Archaeologists
803:infrastructure
740:
737:
735:
732:
670:
667:
641:
638:
616:of the island
602:Mount Pangaeus
580:
577:
532:
529:
502:
499:
489:
486:
476:
475:
472:
469:
462:
461:
458:
455:
445:
444:
436:
416:
392:trade blockage
356:
353:
254:
251:
217:ancient Greece
205:ancient Athens
171:(also spelled
164:
163:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
140:
136:
135:
120:
116:
115:
101:
97:
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52:
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26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4911:
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4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4357:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4345:Hoplitodromos
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4328:
4324:
4321:
4317:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
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4289:
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4281:
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4231:
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4208:
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4028:
4026:
4023:
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4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3989:
3984:
3977:
3972:
3970:
3965:
3963:
3958:
3957:
3954:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3925:
3921:
3917:
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3897:
3894:
3890:
3887:
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3880:
3876:
3872:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3836:
3834:
3833:1-4051-2776-7
3830:
3826:
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3819:
3815:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3799:
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3787:
3784:
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3776:
3772:
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3762:
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3750:
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3742:
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3734:
3730:
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3722:
3717:
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3683:
3679:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3654:
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3646:
3642:
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3633:
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3580:
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3541:
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3479:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3446:
3443:
3439:
3436:
3432:
3428:
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3407:
3403:
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3379:
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3358:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3292:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3256:
3252:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3212:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3198:
3197:Digital Dante
3194:
3189:
3184:
3180:
3175:
3172:
3168:
3165:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3147:
3141:
3125:
3121:
3115:
3112:
3099:
3098:Digital Dante
3095:
3088:
3085:
3080:
3073:
3070:
3065:
3058:
3055:
3043:
3039:
3032:
3029:
3024:
3017:
3014:
3009:
3002:
2999:
2994:
2987:
2984:
2979:
2975:
2968:
2965:
2960:
2953:
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2945:
2938:
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2930:
2923:
2920:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2876:
2873:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
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2839:
2835:
2829:
2824:
2820:
2813:
2810:
2805:
2798:
2795:
2790:
2783:
2780:
2775:
2768:
2765:
2760:
2754:
2750:
2743:
2740:
2735:
2728:
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2716:
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2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2681:
2678:
2666:
2662:
2655:
2652:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2612:
2609:
2596:
2592:
2591:"Pisistratus"
2586:
2583:
2571:
2567:
2560:
2557:
2552:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2517:
2514:
2509:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2482:
2478:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2447:
2443:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2423:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2378:
2375:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2335:
2332:
2327:
2320:
2317:
2305:
2301:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2281:
2274:
2271:
2259:
2255:
2248:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2229:
2226:
2221:
2214:
2211:
2206:
2199:
2196:
2191:
2184:
2181:
2176:
2169:
2166:
2161:
2154:
2151:
2146:
2139:
2136:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2096:
2093:
2088:
2081:
2078:
2073:
2066:
2063:
2058:
2051:
2048:
2044:
2038:
2035:
2030:
2023:
2020:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1962:
1959:
1947:. p. 6-7
1943:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1913:Life of Solon
1907:
1904:
1898:
1893:
1889:
1882:
1879:
1874:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1856:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1834:The Histories
1831:
1825:
1822:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1790:
1787:
1782:
1775:
1772:
1767:
1763:
1757:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1714:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1657:
1652:
1648:
1641:
1638:
1626:. p. 6-7
1622:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1592:
1589:
1584:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1551:
1545:
1542:
1537:
1530:
1527:
1515:
1511:
1504:
1501:
1489:
1485:
1484:"The Tyrants"
1479:
1476:
1471:
1464:
1461:
1456:
1449:
1446:
1434:
1430:
1423:
1420:
1415:
1408:
1405:
1400:
1393:
1390:
1385:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1320:
1313:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1270:
1267:
1262:
1258:
1251:
1248:
1243:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1227:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1205:
1202:
1197:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1178:
1175:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1141:
1133:
1130:According to
1128:
1126:
1125:
1124:Divine Comedy
1120:
1116:
1111:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
994:
992:
990:
984:
982:
977:
975:
967:
965:
962:
961:
955:
951:
947:
943:
940:
935:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
908:
903:
896:
894:
891:
890:
877:
872:
868:
867:
863:
860:
859:
855:
854:
850:
845:
840:
837:
835:
831:
825:
822:
818:
813:
808:
804:
799:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
772:Attic pottery
768:
764:
762:
758:
754:
745:
738:
733:
731:
728:
724:
720:
716:
713:, located in
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
691:
689:
685:
684:
679:
678:
668:
666:
664:
660:
654:
646:
639:
637:
635:
630:
626:
621:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
598:Strymon river
595:
591:
587:
578:
576:
574:
568:
566:
562:
558:
554:
546:
542:
537:
530:
528:
526:
522:
521:
516:
512:
507:
500:
494:
487:
485:
482:
473:
470:
467:
466:
465:
459:
456:
453:
452:
451:
449:
442:
441:
437:
434:
430:
426:
422:
421:
417:
414:
413:
409:
408:
407:
404:
400:
395:
393:
389:
385:
380:
378:
377:Lacedaemonian
374:
370:
361:
354:
352:
350:
346:
341:
339:
335:
331:
327:
322:
318:
313:
311:
308:, whose son,
307:
303:
299:
295:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
252:
250:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
230:
226:
225:Homeric epics
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
194:
188:
182:
178:
174:
170:
161:
158:
155:
151:
148:
144:
141:
137:
134:
130:
121:
117:
114:
110:
102:
98:
93:
89:
86:
83:
77:
71:
66:
61:
57:
50:
45:
38:
33:
19:
18:Peisistratids
4845:
4826:
4810:Roman period
4790:Stadion race
4682:
4296:Hellanodikai
4200:Themistocles
4189:
4120:Eratosthenes
4040:Callistratus
4025:Aristogeiton
3941:
3930:
3915:
3899:
3892:
3885:
3874:
3867:
3866:Silk, M. S.
3846:(3): 43–57.
3843:
3839:
3824:
3817:
3806:
3796:
3778:
3760:
3748:
3724:
3720:
3681:
3677:
3644:
3640:
3610:(1): 40–56.
3607:
3603:
3581:(1): 14–23.
3578:
3574:
3562:
3531:
3527:
3497:(1): 46–57.
3494:
3490:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3441:
3414:
3410:
3377:
3373:
3336:
3332:
3302:(1): 42–44.
3299:
3295:
3283:
3272:
3261:
3254:
3219:
3215:
3207:
3196:
3178:
3163:
3128:. Retrieved
3123:
3114:
3102:. Retrieved
3097:
3087:
3078:
3072:
3063:
3057:
3045:. Retrieved
3041:
3031:
3022:
3016:
3007:
3001:
2992:
2986:
2977:
2967:
2958:
2952:
2943:
2937:
2928:
2922:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2875:
2853:(3): 43–57.
2850:
2846:
2818:
2812:
2803:
2797:
2788:
2782:
2773:
2767:
2748:
2742:
2733:
2727:
2694:
2690:
2680:
2668:. Retrieved
2664:
2654:
2621:
2617:
2611:
2599:. Retrieved
2594:
2585:
2573:. Retrieved
2569:
2559:
2550:
2526:
2516:
2507:
2484:. Retrieved
2480:
2449:. Retrieved
2445:
2421:
2387:
2383:
2377:
2344:
2340:
2334:
2325:
2319:
2307:. Retrieved
2303:
2279:
2273:
2261:. Retrieved
2257:
2247:
2238:
2228:
2219:
2213:
2204:
2198:
2189:
2183:
2174:
2168:
2159:
2153:
2144:
2138:
2108:(1): 42–44.
2105:
2101:
2095:
2086:
2080:
2071:
2065:
2056:
2050:
2042:
2037:
2028:
2022:
1989:
1985:
1967:
1961:
1949:. Retrieved
1936:
1927:
1921:
1912:
1906:
1887:
1881:
1872:
1854:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1802:(1): 14–23.
1799:
1795:
1789:
1780:
1774:
1765:
1756:
1723:
1719:
1713:
1683:(1): 46–57.
1680:
1676:
1646:
1640:
1628:. Retrieved
1597:
1591:
1582:
1557:. Retrieved
1544:
1535:
1529:
1517:. Retrieved
1513:
1503:
1491:. Retrieved
1487:
1478:
1469:
1463:
1454:
1448:
1436:. Retrieved
1432:
1422:
1413:
1407:
1398:
1392:
1383:
1363:. Retrieved
1359:
1318:
1312:
1282:(1): 40–56.
1279:
1275:
1269:
1260:
1250:
1225:
1217:
1209:
1204:
1184:
1177:
1154:
1129:
1122:
1112:
1105:
1097:
1078:
1067:
1029:
1023:to liberate
1019:to tell the
998:
988:
985:
980:
978:
971:
958:
936:
930:(modern-day
912:
889:Wappenmünzen
883:
864:
856:
826:
800:
769:
765:
757:agricultural
750:
692:
681:
675:
672:
655:
651:
622:
582:
569:
549:
518:
508:
504:
477:
463:
446:
438:
418:
410:
396:
381:
366:
342:
314:
296:Age city of
267:aristocratic
256:
235:Pisistratids
234:
233:
207:, ruling as
193:Peisistratos
187:Πεισίστρατος
177:Peisistratos
176:
173:Peisistratus
172:
168:
167:
80:Succeeded by
69:
4359:Horse races
4210:Thrasybulus
4190:Pisistratus
4100:Demosthenes
4060:Cleisthenes
4050:Chremonides
3985:politicians
3684:: 189–219.
3647:: 293–326.
2624:: 293–326.
2041:Aristotle,
1925:Pausanias,
1828:Aristotle,
1726:: 189–219.
1555:. p. 6
1072:An archaic
1044:Cleisthenes
1032:King Darius
723:Telesterion
555:, from the
440:Hyperakrioi
369:Hippocrates
287:Alcmaeonids
169:Pisistratus
157:Hippocrates
41:Pisistratus
4863:Categories
4618:Euryleonis
4548:Bilistiche
4533:Arsinoe II
4463:Pentathlon
4437:Pankration
4411:Tethrippon
4327:Foot races
4230:Xanthippus
4215:Thucydides
4205:Theramenes
4140:Hypereides
4135:Hyperbolus
4090:Demochares
4030:Aristophon
4005:Alcibiades
3931:Britannica
3875:Britannica
3530:Federalist
3157:References
3042:Britannica
2481:Britannica
2304:Britannica
2045:, Part 14.
1910:Plutarch,
1365:2021-04-28
1360:Britannica
1119:Purgatorio
1074:Gorgoneion
1013:Alcmaeonid
1009:Thucydides
964:princess.
954:Hellespont
942:Chersonese
920:Polycrates
796:Corinthian
719:Persephone
703:dithyrambs
586:Hipparchus
511:polemarchs
429:Alcmaeonid
285:, and the
279:Trojan War
253:Background
243:Hipparchus
143:Hipparchus
4588:Damarchus
4442:Wrestling
4376:Decapolon
4225:Timotheus
4165:Moerocles
4160:Miltiades
4115:Ephialtes
4110:Echedemos
4045:Charmides
4020:Aristides
4010:Andocides
4000:Agyrrhius
3995:Aeschines
3912:"Hippias"
3900:ToposText
3741:171069685
3706:162857455
3669:163856204
3632:145629351
3550:10161/629
3535:CiteSeerX
3519:162486749
3482:154123954
3450:Histories
3402:160134528
3361:154790382
3339:: 40–50.
3324:162097904
3244:161930012
3124:ToposText
2974:"Hippias"
2914:154123954
2882:Histories
2719:160134528
2646:163856204
2369:161930012
2254:"Piraeus"
2130:162097904
2014:154790382
1992:: 40–50.
1748:162857455
1705:162486749
1493:April 30,
1338:10161/629
1323:CiteSeerX
1304:145629351
1156:High Noon
1137:Λυκόποδες
1113:The poet
1108:ostracism
989:Histories
981:Histories
960:Histories
950:Miltiades
946:Gallipoli
907:Miltiades
776:Black Sea
594:Rhaicelus
545:Herodotus
399:Aristotle
338:Acropolis
326:Herodotus
291:Mycenaean
70:In office
4847:Category
4653:Leophron
4340:Dolichos
4220:Timoleon
4180:Philinus
4175:Pericles
4155:Lysicles
4150:Lycurgus
4095:Democles
4065:Cleophon
4035:Autocles
4015:Archinus
3860:20546964
3698:30096844
3661:30103196
3565:. 2004.
3394:24432808
3374:Historia
3222:: 1–12.
3140:cite web
2867:20546964
2711:24432808
2691:Historia
2638:30103196
2347:: 1–12.
1740:30096844
1602:Archived
1144:See also
1021:Spartans
939:Thracian
928:Anatolia
916:Lygdamis
876:didrachm
807:aqueduct
761:commerce
739:Domestic
699:Dionysus
695:Dionysia
629:Marathon
614:Lygdamis
573:Odysseus
520:eromenos
425:Megacles
420:Paralioi
317:Megacles
302:Messenia
283:Philaids
275:Herakles
259:monarchy
229:populism
139:Children
4476:Winners
4451:Special
4401:Synoris
4350:Stadion
4335:Diaulos
4279:General
4185:Phocion
4125:Eubulus
4080:Demades
4075:Critias
3474:1562032
3431:3270542
3130:June 3,
3104:May 18,
3047:May 15,
2906:1562032
2670:May 16,
2601:May 16,
2575:May 16,
2486:May 15,
2451:May 15,
2404:3270542
2309:May 15,
2263:May 15,
1438:June 3,
1429:"Pylos"
1001:Hippias
924:Sigeion
897:Foreign
874:Silver
830:Laurion
817:Hadrian
753:economy
715:Eleusis
711:Demeter
707:tragedy
683:Odyssey
663:Eleusis
659:Piraeus
634:Pallene
625:Eretria
610:Thebans
590:Hippias
561:Paiania
433:Pedieis
412:Pedieis
263:Archaic
247:Hippias
239:tyrants
147:Hippias
85:Hippias
4432:Boxing
4425:Combat
4319:Sports
4170:Nicias
4145:Laches
4130:Hagnon
3858:
3831:
3767:
3739:
3704:
3696:
3667:
3659:
3630:
3624:642688
3622:
3595:639486
3593:
3537:
3517:
3511:641975
3509:
3480:
3472:
3429:
3400:
3392:
3359:
3353:630068
3351:
3322:
3316:642830
3314:
3242:
3236:630865
3234:
2912:
2904:
2865:
2755:
2717:
2709:
2644:
2636:
2402:
2367:
2361:630865
2359:
2128:
2122:642830
2120:
2012:
2006:630068
2004:
1951:May 8,
1930:1.30.1
1816:639486
1814:
1746:
1738:
1703:
1697:641975
1695:
1630:May 8,
1559:May 8,
1519:May 7,
1325:
1302:
1296:642688
1294:
1238:
1192:
1101:Cronus
1036:Persia
1025:Athens
974:tyrant
932:Turkey
784:Aegean
565:Athena
541:Athena
388:Megara
384:Nisaea
373:Chilon
321:tyrant
310:Nestor
306:Neleus
294:Bronze
213:Attica
209:tyrant
153:Parent
133:Greece
129:Athens
113:Greece
109:Athens
106:600 BC
4396:Polos
4386:Keles
4381:Kalpe
4366:Apene
4195:Solon
4105:Draco
4070:Cleon
4055:Cimon
3856:JSTOR
3737:S2CID
3702:S2CID
3694:JSTOR
3665:S2CID
3657:JSTOR
3628:S2CID
3620:JSTOR
3591:JSTOR
3558:1148.
3515:S2CID
3507:JSTOR
3478:S2CID
3470:JSTOR
3427:JSTOR
3411:Numen
3398:S2CID
3390:JSTOR
3357:S2CID
3349:JSTOR
3320:S2CID
3312:JSTOR
3240:S2CID
3232:JSTOR
2910:S2CID
2902:JSTOR
2863:JSTOR
2715:S2CID
2707:JSTOR
2642:S2CID
2634:JSTOR
2400:JSTOR
2384:Numen
2365:S2CID
2357:JSTOR
2126:S2CID
2118:JSTOR
2010:S2CID
2002:JSTOR
1945:(PDF)
1812:JSTOR
1744:S2CID
1736:JSTOR
1701:S2CID
1693:JSTOR
1624:(PDF)
1553:(PDF)
1300:S2CID
1292:JSTOR
1169:Notes
1115:Dante
821:Roman
792:Ionia
677:Iliad
618:Naxos
481:agora
427:, an
349:Draco
345:Solon
332:, an
330:Cylon
298:Pylos
181:Greek
3926:>
3829:ISBN
3765:ISBN
3146:link
3132:2021
3106:2021
3049:2021
2753:ISBN
2672:2021
2603:2021
2577:2021
2488:2021
2453:2021
2311:2021
2265:2021
1953:2021
1632:2021
1561:2021
1521:2021
1495:2021
1440:2021
1236:ISBN
1190:ISBN
1132:Suda
1090:obol
1080:Rev:
1069:Obv:
866:Rev:
858:Obv:
819:, a
786:and
680:and
588:and
557:deme
553:Phye
525:Eros
513:was
375:the
245:and
145:and
119:Died
100:Born
3848:doi
3729:doi
3686:doi
3649:doi
3612:doi
3583:doi
3545:hdl
3499:doi
3462:doi
3458:122
3452:".
3419:doi
3382:doi
3341:doi
3337:107
3304:doi
3224:doi
3183:hdl
2894:doi
2890:122
2884:".
2855:doi
2823:hdl
2699:doi
2626:doi
2392:doi
2349:doi
2110:doi
1994:doi
1990:107
1915:1.4
1892:hdl
1804:doi
1728:doi
1685:doi
1651:hdl
1333:hdl
1284:doi
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175:or
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