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of the area, who dwelt in them with their families and retainers, while their followers lived in simple huts outside the walls. The towers also provided a refuge so that, when cross-border raiding parties arrived, the whole population of a village could take to the tower and wait for the marauders to
252:
of livestock was an inevitable part of Border raids, and often their main purpose. In this usage, the tower usually stood at a corner of the pele. Most pele enclosure walls have not survived, and some towers perhaps never had them. Some, known as a "vicar's pele", housed the local vicar but could
214:, mainly between the mid-14th century and about 1600. They were free-standing with defence being a prime consideration in their design, although "confirmation of status and prestige" also played a role. Additionally, they functioned as
505:
was converted to alms houses in 1864, but is now a single dwelling, rentable as holiday accommodation. The lower barrel vaulted chamber and first floor date from c. 1280, the top floor from the
Victorian reconstruction.
482:
is a home to bird wardens. The most obvious conversion needs include access, which would have originally been made intentionally difficult, and the provision of more and larger windows. A pele tower in
601:
2535:
3186:
774:"St Michael & All Angels: In the tiny village of Alnham and set on the edge of the Northumbrian National Park, close to the source of the River Aln and somewhat off the beaten track"
800:
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and is still habitable. It was built in 1425 by the Heiton family from
Normandy, and remained the property of the same family until 2016. The Pele Tower in
1081:
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or fire signal, for day or night use, ready at hand. Apart from their primary purpose as a warning system, these towers were also the homes of the
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452:
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defines a peel as simply a stone tower. Outside of this, "peel" or "pele" can also be used in related contexts, for example a "pele" or "
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516:; it owes its existence to the settlement of Cumbrian sheep farmer, John Dryden, in the county of Northamptonshire.
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King, Andy (2012). "Fortresses and fashion statements: gentry castles in fourteenth-century
Northumberland".
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has a heavily fortified tower at the west end and a former vicar's pele at the east end. St
Cuthbert's,
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2001:
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1991:
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874:"'Haunted' 15th Century Scottish castle with 'ghosts in the grounds' could be yours for ÂŁ695,000"
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308:. In the upper Tweed valley, going downstream from its source, they were as follows: Fruid,
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411:(formerly Embleton Vicarage) in Northumberland; the square medieval pele tower is at right
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showing the conversion from a derelict state to a home and a bed-and-breakfast business.
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1759:
1726:
1690:
1506:
1364:
1328:
475:
471:
420:
408:
341:
290:
266:
236:", "fortified manor house" and "tower house" under the broader term "fortified house".
226:
203:
474:. Some towers are now derelict while others have been converted for use in peacetime.
383:
in 1455, each of these towers was required to have an iron basket on its summit and a
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or strong internal iron gates to defend their towers against
Scottish raiders.
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17:
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2363:
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2217:
2145:
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1981:
1869:
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1462:
1442:
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1389:
1182:
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248:) was an enclosure where livestock were herded in times of danger. The
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In
Scotland, a line of these towers was built in the 1430s across the
289:, in response to the threat of attack from the English, Scots and the
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1966:
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1826:
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was part of the former vicarage, now a private home, and that on the
444:
219:
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2300:
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1971:
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751:
The Steel
Bonnets: the Story of the Anglo-Scottish Border Reivers
304:
to its source, as a response to the dangers of invasion from the
30:
For the monument to Robert Peel in Bury, Greater
Manchester, see
2069:
1911:
1878:
1853:
1645:
1635:
1604:
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245:
188:
1230:
1030:
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incorporates one of only a few pele towers constructed in the
38:
526:
Architecture in early modern
Scotland#Vernacular architecture
953:"Strickland's Pele Tower and Penrith Castle (1010690)"
801:"St Cuthbert, Great Salkeld, Cumbria: the pele tower"
451:
3060:
2984:
2928:
2862:
2748:
2653:
2463:
2374:
2090:
2083:
1515:
1264:
1105:
1064:
69:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1009:"The Pele Towers of Cumbria and the Lake District"
832:"Details from listed building database (1138256)"
3187:Buildings and structures in the Scottish Borders
253:also serve as a refuge for the whole community.
1498:
2060:
2006:
1824:
1670:
677:"FISH Terminologies: Monument Types Thesaurus"
537:Category:Fortified church buildings in England
470:Some peles were converted to castles, such as
2715:
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1858:
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934:The National Trust book of the English House
602:"Clifton Hall, Cumbria: Excavations 1977-79"
487:, North Yorkshire featured in an episode of
27:Small medieval fortified keep or tower house
1485:
1467:
1413:
1399:
1317:
1308:
1299:
1290:
1281:
578:The Medieval Fortified Buildings of Cumbria
2087:
1249:
1235:
1227:
1049:
1035:
1027:
898:"Whittingham Tower (The Gatehouse Record)"
218:, where garrisoned personnel could light
129:Learn how and when to remove this message
721:Aslet & Powers, 20; Historic England
576:Perriam, Denis; Robinson, John (1998).
568:
415:Pele towers can be associated with a
7:
851:Wilkinson, Paul (15 February 2007).
463:. Both these Cumbrian churches have
67:adding citations to reliable sources
2641:Weapons Storage and Security System
872:McCrum, Kirstie (20 October 2016).
552:Tower houses in Britain and Ireland
453:St Michael's Church, Burgh by Sands
958:National Heritage List for England
837:National Heritage List for England
25:
3140:
3139:
1210:
148:, a late-medieval pele tower in
43:
431:, are examples of a so-called '
222:to warn of approaching danger.
54:needs additional citations for
647:10.1016/j.jmedhist.2007.09.003
1:
2536:British "hedgehog" road block
973:Stewart, Derek James (2017).
853:"How I peeled back the years"
175:Preston Tower, Northumberland
429:Church of St Michael, Alnham
2946:Cities with defensive walls
2531:Defensive fighting position
2446:
2251:
2061:
2007:
1868:
1859:
1825:
1816:
1671:
979:. American Academic Press.
635:Journal of Medieval History
600:Fairclough, Graham (1980),
503:Whittingham, Northumberland
3223:
705:Cumberland and Westmorland
497:Tower stands just outside
459:, is another example of a
348:, Dawyck, Easter Happrew,
29:
3182:History of Northumberland
3130:
2576:Hardened aircraft shelter
2551:Entry control point (ECP)
1206:
443:is in the grounds of the
435:'s peles' and the one at
283:North Riding of Yorkshire
32:Peel Monument, Ramsbottom
3073:Continuity of government
1058:Architecture in Scotland
425:Embleton, Northumberland
232:lists "pele" alongside "
230:Monument Types Thesaurus
3207:Vernacular architecture
2895:Motte-and-bailey castle
2601:Missile launch facility
2596:Main line of resistance
1291:
779:National Churches Trust
557:Vernacular architecture
366:Nether Horsburgh Castle
293:of both nationalities.
2971:Military installations
2835:
2816:
2807:
2798:
2716:
2387:
2362:
2338:
2328:Scarp and Counterscarp
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1309:
1300:
1282:
936:Penguin/Viking, 1985,
749:Fraser, G. M. (1971).
739:Aslet & Powers, 20
449:Corbridge Vicar's Pele
412:
285:, and as far south as
187:) are small fortified
177:
167:
152:
2740:Floating water castle
2471:Admiralty scaffolding
1764:Fortified buildings (
1092:Industrial Revolution
709:Yale University Press
407:
381:Parliament of England
352:, Barnes, Caverhill,
173:
158:
144:
3083:Subterranean warfare
2036:Viking ring fortress
946:"Historic England":
261:Peels were built in
63:improve this article
2900:Quadrangular castle
2636:Weapon storage area
1992:Quadrangular castle
1217:Scotland portal
1113:Atlantic roundhouse
902:Gatehouse Gazetteer
858:The Daily Telegraph
763:Stewart (2017),p.19
730:Stewart (2017) p.16
547:Scottish Vernacular
476:Embleton pele tower
3197:Towers in Scotland
3177:History of Cumbria
2631:Underground hangar
2416:Fire control tower
2213:Gunpowder magazine
1641:Butter-churn tower
886:on 22 August 2017.
510:Canons Ashby House
413:
195:, built along the
178:
168:
153:
3192:Towers in England
3154:
3153:
3078:Military urbanism
3012:Fortified gateway
2885:Concentric castle
2649:
2648:
2566:Fire support base
2406:Coastal artillery
2281:(Spanish America)
1875:
1717:Concentric castle
1224:
1223:
701:Pevsner, Nikolaus
427:, and another at
379:By an Act of the
139:
138:
131:
113:
16:(Redirected from
3214:
3172:Fortified houses
3143:
3142:
3136:
3027:National redoubt
2956:Fortified estate
2880:Circular rampart
2840:
2821:
2812:
2803:
2721:
2481:Anti-tank trench
2476:Air raid shelter
2451:
2411:Disappearing gun
2392:
2367:
2343:
2304:
2295:
2280:
2256:
2247:
2233:
2204:
2175:
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2142:
2103:
2088:
2066:
2046:Bailey (or ward)
2012:
1917:Motte-and-bailey
1908:
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1864:
1830:
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1807:
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1345:Circular rampart
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993:
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967:
965:
949:Historic England
913:
912:
910:
908:
894:
888:
887:
882:. Archived from
869:
863:
862:
848:
842:
841:
828:Historic England
824:
818:
817:
815:
813:
797:
791:
790:
788:
786:
770:
764:
761:
755:
754:
746:
740:
737:
731:
728:
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719:
713:
712:
697:
691:
690:
688:
686:
681:
673:
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623:
622:
620:
606:
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590:Historic England
588:
582:
581:
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461:fortified church
400:Surviving towers
244:" (in Ireland a
212:North of England
208:Scottish Marches
134:
127:
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114:
112:
71:
47:
39:
21:
3222:
3221:
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3215:
3213:
3212:
3211:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3134:
3126:
3056:
2980:
2924:
2858:
2793:Imperial castle
2766:Coercion castle
2761:Coastal defence
2744:
2706:Promontory fort
2676:Hillside castle
2645:
2561:Fallout shelter
2526:Concertina wire
2506:Border security
2459:
2370:
2079:
1712:Coercion castle
1700:Cheval de frise
1682:Chemin de ronde
1530:Albarrana tower
1511:
1456:Schwedenschanze
1433:Promontory fort
1260:
1255:
1225:
1220:
1211:
1209:
1202:
1138:Chambered cairn
1101:
1060:
1055:
1017:
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1007:
1004:
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989:
987:
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961:
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891:
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866:
850:
849:
845:
826:
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821:
811:
809:
799:
798:
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772:
771:
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758:
748:
747:
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738:
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698:
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684:
682:
679:
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674:
670:
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631:
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604:
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575:
574:
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259:
227:FISH Vocabulary
160:Smailholm Tower
135:
124:
118:
115:
72:
70:
60:
48:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3220:
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3210:
3209:
3204:
3202:Border Reivers
3199:
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3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3159:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3131:
3128:
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3112:
3110:Trench warfare
3107:
3105:Tunnel warfare
3102:
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3019:
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2961:Fortifications
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2841:
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2822:
2813:
2804:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2778:
2773:
2771:Counter-castle
2768:
2763:
2758:
2756:Border barrier
2752:
2750:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2691:Lowland castle
2688:
2683:
2681:Hilltop castle
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2556:Electric fence
2553:
2548:
2546:Dragon's teeth
2543:
2541:Czech hedgehog
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2455:Wire obstacles
2452:
2443:
2441:Polygonal fort
2438:
2433:
2431:Martello tower
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2396:Border outpost
2393:
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2376:
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2371:
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2368:
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2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
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2272:
2270:Polygonal fort
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2262:
2257:
2248:
2239:
2234:
2225:
2220:
2215:
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1757:
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1517:Post-classical
1513:
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1507:Vitrified fort
1504:
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1002:External links
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976:The Armstrongs
970:
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753:. London: Pan.
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641:(4): 372–397.
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472:Penrith Castle
421:Embleton Tower
419:: for example
409:Embleton Tower
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291:Border Reivers
267:Northumberland
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2936:Bastion forts
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2927:
2921:
2920:Z-plan castle
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2916:
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2908:
2906:
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2896:
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2890:L-plan castle
2888:
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2875:Bridge castle
2873:
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2867:
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2850:
2847:
2845:
2844:Refuge castle
2842:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2825:Military base
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2819:
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2810:
2805:
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2789:
2788:Hunting lodge
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2701:Moated castle
2699:
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2694:
2692:
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2686:Island castle
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2654:By topography
2652:
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2626:Submarine pen
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1898:Machicolation
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1525:Advanced work
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1014:
1013:Visit Cumbria
1010:
1006:
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988:
986:9781631818790
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490:Grand Designs
486:
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457:Great Salkeld
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374:Kirna(Kirnie)
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279:County Durham
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151:
147:
146:Arnside Tower
143:
133:
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122:
111:
108:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80: –
79:
75:
74:Find sources:
68:
64:
58:
57:
52:This article
50:
46:
41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3138:
3093:Siege engine
3061:Other topics
2985:Related word
2951:Defense line
2915:Tower castle
2870:Bastion fort
2854:Urban castle
2782:Ganerbenburg
2780:
2735:Water castle
2711:Ridge castle
2696:Marsh castle
2511:Bomb shelter
2491:Belgian gate
2464:20th century
2375:19th century
2313:Retrenchment
2285:Punji sticks
2194:Entrenchment
2189:Device Forts
2156:Counterguard
2091:Early modern
2021:Tower castle
1957:Powder tower
1941:
1932:Outer bailey
1844:Inner bailey
1818:Gulyay-gorod
1786:Ganerbenburg
1784:
1780:Fujian tulou
1722:Corner tower
1661:Chamber gate
1631:Bridge tower
1479:Trou de loup
1208:
1172:
1158:Estate house
1118:Bastle house
1087:Early modern
1016:. Retrieved
1012:
990:. Retrieved
975:
962:. Retrieved
956:
933:
930:Powers, Alan
926:Aslet, Clive
905:. Retrieved
901:
892:
884:the original
879:Daily Mirror
877:
867:
856:
846:
835:
822:
810:. Retrieved
804:
795:
783:. Retrieved
777:
768:
759:
750:
744:
735:
726:
717:
704:
695:
683:. Retrieved
671:
638:
634:
628:
617:, retrieved
612:
608:
595:
586:
577:
571:
532:Bastle house
508:
488:
469:
437:Hulne Priory
414:
378:
300:valley from
295:
260:
229:
224:
220:signal fires
216:watch-towers
193:tower houses
184:
183:(also spelt
180:
179:
125:
116:
106:
99:
92:
85:
78:"Peel tower"
73:
61:Please help
56:verification
53:
36:
3167:Peel towers
2992:Castle town
2849:Toll castle
2818:Lustschloss
2800:Kaiserpfalz
2730:Spur castle
2725:Rock castle
2666:Hill castle
2661:Cave castle
2621:Spider hole
2521:Bremer wall
2486:Barbed tape
2382:Barbed wire
2056:Witch tower
2026:Tower house
2016:Toll castle
2002:Shield wall
1922:Murder hole
1811:Guard tower
1428:Pincer gate
1375:Faussebraye
1188:Tower house
1148:Court cairn
1072:Prehistoric
812:9 September
542:Manor house
480:Inner Farne
376:, Elibank.
340:, Tinnies,
332:, Quarter,
322:Kingledoors
275:Westmorland
181:Peel towers
166:in Scotland
3161:Categories
3017:Gatekeeper
2837:Ordensburg
2809:Landesburg
2616:Sentry gun
2571:Flak tower
2501:Blast wall
2421:Gun turret
2318:Sally port
2223:Kotta mara
2163:Couvreface
2127:Breastwork
2122:Blockhouse
2100:Abwurfdach
2051:Watchtower
2041:Wall tower
1997:Shell keep
1947:Portcullis
1942:Peel tower
1927:Neck ditch
1886:Landesburg
1834:Half tower
1792:Gate tower
1737:Drawbridge
1579:Battlement
1495:Wagon fort
1338:Chengqiang
1198:Wheelhouse
1173:Peel tower
1123:Blackhouse
942:0670801755
920:References
485:Hellifield
338:Drumelzier
330:Wrae Tower
326:Mossfennan
287:Lancashire
271:Cumberland
119:April 2014
89:newspapers
18:Pele tower
3120:Guerrilla
2863:By design
2611:Revetment
2426:Land mine
2357:Star fort
2184:Crownwork
2179:Covertway
2112:Barricade
1753:Embrasure
1666:Chartaque
1596:Bergfried
1554:Arrowslit
1380:Gatehouse
1350:City gate
1311:Castellum
1277:Acropolis
907:2 January
785:2 January
663:159767614
655:0304-4181
528:(section)
393:landlords
362:Horsburgh
3145:Category
3135:See also
3022:Loophole
2910:Ringwork
2905:Ringfort
2830:Obstacle
2671:Hillfort
2591:Loophole
2389:Barbette
2364:Tenaille
2347:Sea fort
2277:Presidio
2237:Magazine
2218:Hornwork
2151:Cavalier
2146:Casemate
2139:Caponier
1982:Ringwork
1870:Detinets
1839:Hoarding
1744:Enceinte
1619:Bretèche
1564:Bartizan
1559:Barbican
1535:Alcazaba
1463:Stockade
1443:Ringfort
1423:Palisade
1395:Landwehr
1390:Hillfort
1183:Shieling
1163:Hillfort
1082:Medieval
703:(1967).
580:. CWAAS.
520:See also
514:Midlands
396:depart.
370:Cardrona
354:Neidpath
334:Stanhope
310:Hawkshaw
263:Scotland
250:rustling
201:Scottish
3052:Vedette
3042:Schloss
3007:Festung
3002:Dungeon
2997:Château
2941:Castles
2749:By role
2606:Pillbox
2436:Outpost
2352:Station
2340:Schanze
2323:Sandbag
2308:Redoubt
2292:Ravelin
2260:Palanka
2244:Orillon
2230:Lunette
2172:Coupure
2117:Bastion
2107:Arsenal
2075:Zwinger
1987:Roundel
1977:Ricetto
1952:Postern
1937:Outwork
1861:Kremlin
1732:Curtain
1707:Citadel
1691:Chemise
1651:Caltrop
1569:Bastion
1542:Alcázar
1438:Rampart
1416:Oppidum
1409:Nuraghe
1355:Crannog
1329:Castros
1265:Ancient
1168:Housing
1153:Crannog
1018:26 June
964:30 July
619:24 June
615:: 45–68
499:Melrose
495:Darnick
441:Alnwick
358:Peebles
318:Polmood
306:Marches
302:Berwick
257:History
242:barmkin
238:Pevsner
206:in the
204:borders
197:English
150:Cumbria
103:scholar
3047:Trench
3037:Picket
2448:Sangar
2401:Bunker
2333:Sconce
2253:Ostrog
2201:Flèche
2084:Modern
2063:Yagura
2031:Turret
1967:Reduit
1905:Merlon
1849:Kasbah
1827:Gusuku
1804:Glacis
1797:Gabion
1766:church
1673:Chashi
1656:Castle
1500:Laager
1488:Vallum
1445:(Rath)
1320:Castra
1302:Burgus
1272:Abatis
1143:Church
1133:Castle
1097:Modern
992:7 July
983:
940:
685:31 May
661:
653:
609:TCWAAS
445:priory
417:church
389:lairds
314:Oliver
281:, the
234:bastle
105:
98:
91:
84:
76:
3088:Siege
3032:Palas
2976:Walls
2966:Forts
2929:Lists
2776:Fence
2718:Rocca
2586:Kabal
2301:Redan
2208:Gorge
2132:Canal
2009:Shiro
1972:Ribat
1962:Qalat
1774:Dzong
1770:house
1470:Sudis
1402:Limes
1360:Ditch
1293:Broch
1284:Agger
1128:Broch
1106:Forms
1077:Roman
680:(PDF)
659:S2CID
605:(PDF)
563:Notes
465:yetts
439:near
433:vicar
385:smoke
346:Stobo
342:Dreva
298:Tweed
189:keeps
164:Kelso
162:near
110:JSTOR
96:books
3098:list
2516:Buoy
2070:Yett
1912:Moat
1879:Ksar
1854:Keep
1646:Caer
1636:Burh
1612:Boom
1605:Berm
1584:Bawn
1549:Amba
1385:Gord
1065:Eras
1020:2019
994:2019
981:ISBN
966:2018
938:ISBN
928:and
909:2024
814:2019
806:RIBA
787:2024
687:2020
651:ISSN
621:2019
391:and
350:Lyne
246:bawn
225:The
210:and
199:and
185:pele
82:news
1370:Dun
643:doi
423:in
191:or
65:by
3163::
3137::
1772:,
1768:,
1011:.
955:.
951:.
932:,
900:.
876:.
855:.
834:.
830:.
803:.
776:.
707:.
657:.
649:.
639:33
637:.
613:80
611:,
607:,
447:.
372:,
368:,
364:,
360:,
356:,
344:,
336:,
328:,
324:,
320:,
316:,
312:,
277:,
273:,
269:,
265:,
1874:)
1866:(
1776:)
1503:)
1497:(
1250:e
1243:t
1236:v
1050:e
1043:t
1036:v
1022:.
996:.
968:.
911:.
861:.
840:.
816:.
789:.
711:.
689:.
665:.
645::
132:)
126:(
121:)
117:(
107:·
100:·
93:·
86:·
59:.
34:.
20:)
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