28:
442:
Wang
Laboratories introduces Freestyle. Freestyle was an application that would do a screen capture from an MS-DOS application, and let the user add voice and handwriting annotations. It was a sophisticated predecessor to later note-taking applications for systems like the Tablet PC. The operating
228:
For example, a "pig-tail" shape (used often as a proofreader's mark) would indicate a "delete" operation. Depending on the implementation, what is deleted might be the object or text where the mark was made, or the stylus can be used as a pointing device to select what it is that should be deleted.
141:
There are a number of human factors to be considered when actually substituting a stylus and tablet for a mouse. For example, it is much harder to target or tap the same exact position twice with a stylus, so "double-tap" operations with a stylus are harder to perform if the system is expecting
273:, working on the Whirlwind computer at MIT, wrote the "first hand-drawn graphics input program to a computer". The first publicly demonstrated system using a tablet and handwriting text recognition instead of a keyboard for working with a modern digital computer dates to 1956.
818:
to bring the S Pen support, alongside the release of the S Pen Fold
Edition as the separate stylus to have exclusively compatible with the Galaxy Z Fold 3 onwards to avoid taking the screen damage rather than using the other stylus pens and the S Pen Pro without the Z Fold
247:
was a special operating system which incorporated gesture recognition and handwriting input at all levels of the operating system. Prior systems which employed gesture recognition only did so within special applications, such as CAD/CAM applications or text processing.
168:
On-line
Handwriting recognition mode: The strokes made with the stylus are analyzed as an "electronic ink" by software which recognizes the shapes of the strokes or marks as handwritten characters. The characters are then input as text, as if from a
579:
Personal
Communicator, an analog cellphone using a touch-screen and display. It did not include handwriting recognition, but did permit users to write messages and send them as faxes on the analog cellphone network, and included PDA and Email
216:
is used to touch, press, and drag on simulated objects directly. The Wang
Freestyle system is one example. Freestyle worked entirely by direct manipulation, with the addition of electronic "ink" for adding handwritten notes.
465:, featuring control of the operating system desktop via handwritten gesture shapes. Gestures included "flick" gestures in different directions, check-marks, cross-outs, pig-tails, and circular shapes, among others.
620:
Bill Gates of
Microsoft demonstrates first public prototype of a Tablet PC (defined by Microsoft as a pen-enabled computer conforming to hardware specifications devised by Microsoft and running a licensed copy of
1738:
1010:
Text editing on a graphic display device using hand-drawn proofreader's symbols, from
Pertinent Concepts in Computer Graphics: Proceedings of the 2nd University of Illinois Conference on Computer Graphics
269:, was granted in 1888. What is probably the first patent for a system that recognized handwritten characters by analyzing the handwriting motion was granted in 1915. Around 1954
684:
In April 2008, as part of a larger federal court case, the gesture features of the
Windows/Tablet PC operating system and hardware were found to infringe on a patent by
1617:
803:, alongside the release of the S Pen Pro as the separate high-end stylus to have a compatible with the smartphones, tablets and PCs that supports the S Pen.
1778:
106:
as the primary means for interactive user input) predates the use of a mouse and graphical display by at least two decades, starting with the
Stylator and
417:
and CIC both offer PC computers for the consumer market using a tablet and handwriting recognition instead of a keyboard and mouse. Operating system is
1426:
1513:
439:, released in September. It ran GRiDPen (later released as PenRight), a graphic system with pen input and handwriting recognition running on MS-DOS.
1253:
2149:
403:
of
Waltham, Massachusetts markets a general-purpose computer terminal using a tablet and handwriting recognition instead of a keyboard and mouse.
1120:
688:
concerning user interfaces for pen computer operating systems. Microsoft's acquisition of the technology is the subject of a separate lawsuit.
1691:
118:
User interfaces for pen computing can be implemented in several ways. Current systems generally employ a combination of these techniques.
1543:
2187:
2064:
67:. The term has been used to refer to the usage of any product allowing for mobile communication. An indication of such a device is a
293:
1773:
552:
Apple Computer announces the Newton PDA, also known as the Apple MessagePad, which includes handwriting recognition with a stylus.
676:
Windows Vista released for general availability. Vista included the functionality of the special Tablet PC edition of Windows XP.
225:
This is the technique of recognizing certain special shapes not as handwriting input, but as an indicator of a special command.
2137:
1810:
712:
406:
Cadre System markets the Inforite point-of-sale terminal using handwriting recognition and a small electronic tablet and pen.
281:
236:
Recent systems have used digitizers which can recognize more than one "stylus" (usually a finger) at a time, and make use of
486:, its original concept (which called for a larger screen and greater sketching capabilities) resembled that of a tablet PC.
841:
195:
622:
276:
In addition to many academic and research systems, there were several companies with commercial products in the 1980s:
520:
GO Corp shipped PenPoint and IBM announced IBM 2521/700T pen computer (the first IBM model named "ThinkPad") in April.
257:
1708:
1515:
Penpoint OS shipping, products introduced - Go Technology Corp,'s pen-based operating system - Product Announcement
807:
800:
483:
60:
468:
Portia Isaacsen of Future Computing estimates the total annual market for pen computers such as those running the
102:
Historically, pen computing (defined as a computer system employing a user-interface using a pointing device plus
1488:
527:
161:
can be used to replace a keyboard, or both a mouse and a keyboard, by using the tablet and stylus in two modes:
339:
Tom Dimond demonstrates the Styalator electronic tablet with pen for computer input and handwriting recognition.
569:
190:
The term "on-line handwriting recognition" is used to distinguish recognition of handwriting using a real-time
1338:
1765:
contains a history of pen computing, including touch and gesture technology, from approximately 1917 to 1992.
1071:
173:
Different systems switch between the modes (pointing vs. handwriting recognition) by different means, e.g.
846:
811:
103:
1523:
1519:
851:
605:
589:
2054:
1658:
1259:
665:
542:, IBM's first commercialized portable tablet computer product available to the consumer market, as the
2069:
1998:
1635:
1560:
1128:
661:
1279:, Proc. 4th IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference, Chicago IL USA, March 1..3, 1971, pp. 414–417
1167:
2059:
1094:
836:
815:
792:
207:
31:
1451:
1322:
974:
177:
by writing in separate areas of the tablet for pointing mode and for handwriting-recognition mode.
27:
1803:
1492:
1410:
1290:
1008:
916:
874:
831:
796:
489:
213:
158:
127:
68:
45:
1393:
1184:
933:
2159:
1687:
1681:
1237:
739:
191:
92:
84:
1779:
Digital Ink, Breakthrough Technology in Tablet PC, Brings the Power of the Pen to the Desktop
1725:
1547:
1360:
134:
pointing device (one uses the mouse to "push the cursor around" on a screen), a tablet is an
2021:
1898:
1848:
1124:
1274:
879:
720:
691:
633:
328:
292:
operating system for a tablet PC product: one of the patents from GO was the subject of a
76:
56:
1595:
991:
952:
2036:
1966:
1930:
1376:
1306:
862:
758:
285:
270:
145:
A finger can be used as the stylus on a touch-sensitive tablet surface, such as with a
1150:
2181:
2031:
2016:
1950:
1838:
1796:
899:
856:
695:
389:
320:
52:
1221:
2101:
2096:
1971:
1893:
1863:
777:
479:
436:
266:
64:
17:
1769:
Annotated bibliography of references to handwriting recognition and pen computing
2122:
1888:
1853:
1768:
743:
644:
462:
347:
307:
289:
244:
237:
183:
by context, such as treating any marks not recognized as text as pointing input.
146:
107:
80:
72:
1468:
1201:
1051:
941:, Handbook of Human Computer Interaction, Major Reference Work, Springer Nature
562:" or PDA600, a similar pen-based device. It did not achieve commercial success.
2127:
2091:
2074:
1935:
1883:
1878:
1833:
1783:
1028:
716:
475:
NCR released model 3125 pen computer running MS-DOS, Penpoint or Pen Windows.
130:
are used as pointing devices, such as to replace a mouse. While a mouse is a
2142:
2106:
2026:
1981:
1903:
1873:
996:, Principles of Interactive Computer Graphics, McGraw-Hill, pp. 575–582
869:
773:
735:
576:
523:
230:
1762:
799:, the first Samsung Galaxy S phone to bring the S Pen support found in the
327:, a data archiving device including handwriting input, in an essay titled
313:
1915: U.S. Patent on handwriting recognition user interface with a stylus.
299:
The following timeline list gives some of the highlights of this history:
1993:
1986:
1940:
1925:
781:
685:
647:
develops the touch technology and touch gestures later used in the Apple
546:
539:
497:
469:
458:
364:
360:
194:
for input, as contrasted to "off-line handwriting recognition", which is
96:
2166:
2086:
1976:
1920:
1868:
1858:
1843:
724:
708:
565:
555:
509:
505:
432:
431:
The first commercially available tablet-type portable computer was the
414:
400:
277:
180:
by pressing a special button on the side of the stylus to change modes.
138:
pointing device (one places the stylus where the cursor is to appear).
1683:
Mobile Technology for Children: Designing for Interaction and Learning
2154:
2132:
1945:
754:
648:
626:
609:
593:
559:
444:
418:
88:
1573:
1099:, Proceedings of Eastern Joint Computer Conference, pp. 232–237
904:, Proceedings of Eastern Joint Computer Conference, pp. 232–237
265:
The first patent for an electronic device used for handwriting, the
233:, text could be deleted by scratching in a zig-zag pattern over it.
1915:
1910:
1276:
An Innovation in Control Panels for Large Computer Control Systems
918:
Real-Time Recognition of Handprinted Text, Memorandum RM-5016-ARPA
762:
501:
493:
324:
284:, and Linus were among the best known of a crowded field. Later,
26:
376:
165:
Pointing mode: The stylus is used as a pointing device as above.
1792:
2008:
1819:
543:
48:
and tablet, over input devices such as a keyboard or a mouse.
367:
that used pen input. However, no physical device was created.
83:, as opposed to using a more traditional interface such as a
976:
Computerized Graphic Processing System: System User's Manual
296:
in 2008 concerning Microsoft's Tablet PC operating system.
1563:. Computing History (2011-10-21). Retrieved on 2013-12-09.
784:
which includes pressure sensitivity and angle detection.
1788:
1597:
Windows XP Tablet PC Edition 2005 Hardware Requirements
316:
1942: U.S. Patent on touchscreen for handwriting input.
1470:
Control of a computer through a position-sensed stylus
1453:
Control of a computer through a position-sensed stylus
1381:, BYTE Magazine, Vol 15. No 1, 1990-01-12, p. 285
1073:
Retrospectives 1: The early years in computer graphics
310:
on electrical stylus device for capturing handwriting.
1784:
Notes on the History of Pen-based Computing (Youtube)
1045:
1043:
806:
In August 2021, as the discontinuation of the entire
482:
entered development; although it ultimately became a
363:
of Xerox PARC proposed an idea for a notebook called
44:
refers to any computer user-interface using a pen or
1365:, Communication Intelligence Corporation, 1985-01-15
51:
Pen computing is also used to refer to the usage of
2115:
2047:
2007:
1959:
1826:
1022:
1020:
694:releases the second MultiTouch capable tablet: the
636:
pen-based tablet platform for professional artists.
392:, an early commercial digital sampling workstation
1427:"Momenta Corporation 1/40 Pentop Computer - RICM"
1362:Handwriter (R) GrafText (TM) System Model GT-5000
1728:. Groklaw (2005-07-04). Retrieved on 2013-12-09.
572:combining PenPoint with wireless communications.
1726:A New Antitrust Lawsuit - Go Corp. v. Microsoft
461:announced a dedicated operating system, called
1258:, RAND Corporation, 1998-09-01, archived from
262:Pen computing has very deep historical roots.
1804:
1774:A number of links to pen computing resources.
1476:, United States Patent 5,347,295 (full image)
1209:, United States Patent 2,269,599 (full image)
1088:
1086:
1059:, United States Patent 1,117,184 (full image)
8:
1311:, Cadre Systems Limited, England, 1982-08-15
1308:Inforite Hand Character Recognition Terminal
1709:"Go files antitrust suit against Microsoft"
1660:Rubrik Apple: Das Lexikon der Fingersprache
1114:
1112:
1036:, United States Patent 386,815 (full image)
1811:
1797:
1789:
1292:Pencept Penpad (TM) 200 Product Literature
1121:"Microsoft to Appeal $ 367M Patent Ruling"
1096:Devices for reading handwritten characters
901:Devices for reading handwritten characters
742:Pro hybrid tablet/laptop with an optional
512:. The computer never went into production.
198:of static handwritten symbols from paper.
34:phablets include a stylus, called "S-Pen".
1079:, SIGGRAPH 89 Proceedings, pp. 27–28
1412:What's New in Laptops and Pen Computing
1340:Software Control at the Stroke of a Pen
890:
604:The "QBE Vivo" pen computer created by
472:OS to be on the order of $ 500 Million.
282:Communications Intelligence Corporation
1378:The BYTE Awards: GRiD System's GRiDPad
761:hybrid tablet/laptop which includes a
186:by recognizing a special gesture mark.
110:systems of the 1950s and early 1960s.
7:
1763:The Unknown History of Pen Computing
38:Uses a stylus and tablet/touchscreen
2150:List of types, brands and companies
979:, Applicon Incorporated, 1973-09-01
375:Touchscreen interface developed at
142:"double-click" input from a mouse.
588:The "QBE" pen computer created by
75:, generally used to press upon a
25:
530:as a response to the PenPoint OS.
1686:. Morgan Kaufmann. p. 177.
1456:, United States Patent 5,347,295
1189:, United States Patent 2,269,599
1172:, United States Patent 1,117,184
455:The Momenta Pentop was released.
1512:Rohrbough, Linda (1992-04-17),
1489:"NCR Offers Pen-Based Computer"
993:The Ledeen Character Recognizer
1155:, United States Patent 386,815
1013:, University of Illinois Press
500:" (codenamed "STylus") at the
1:
1680:Druin, Allison (2009-03-16).
1467:Agulnick, Todd (1994-09-13),
1450:Agulnick, Todd (1994-09-13),
1220:Bush, Vannevar (1945-07-15),
1166:Goldberg, H.E. (1915-12-28),
1119:Mintz, Jessica (2008-04-04).
1050:Goldberg, H.E. (1915-12-28),
842:Handwriting movement analysis
306:1888: U.S. Patent granted to
196:optical character recognition
1657:MacEssentials (2007-08-02),
1487:Shapiro, Eben (1991-06-24).
1273:Fryberger, D. (March 1972),
1007:Coleman, Michael L. (1969),
915:Groner, G.F. (August 1966),
623:Windows XP Tablet PC Edition
1707:Fried, Ina (July 6, 2005).
1575:Trends at COMDEX Event 1999
1409:Lempesis, Bill (May 1990),
1327:, Pencept, Inc., 1984-06-15
1324:Users Manual for Penpad 320
1295:, Pencept, Inc., 1982-08-15
1255:50 Years of Looking Forward
1200:Moodey, H.C. (1942-12-27),
1183:Moodey, H.C. (1942-12-27),
1027:Gray, Elisha (1888-07-31),
990:Newman, W.M. (1973-09-01),
898:Dimond, T.L. (1957-12-01),
727:") which includes a stylus.
294:patent infringement lawsuit
258:History of tablet computers
2204:
1634:Fingerworks, Inc. (2003),
1392:Wang Laboratories (1989),
1093:Dimond, Tom (1957-12-01),
814:, the first Galaxy Z Fold
808:Samsung Galaxy Note Series
801:Samsung Galaxy Note Series
255:
205:
2188:User interface techniques
1544:"The history of ThinkPad"
1415:, Flat Panel Display News
1395:The Wang Freestyle System
957:, Wang Laboratories, 1989
528:Windows for Pen Computing
1637:iGesture Game Mode Guide
797:Samsung Galaxy S21 Ultra
570:EO Personal Communicator
1663:, www.mac-essentials.de
847:Handwriting recognition
812:Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 3
810:, Samsung releases the
575:BellSouth released the
153:Handwriting recognition
104:handwriting recognition
1520:Newsbytes News Network
1226:, The Atlantic Monthly
852:Interactive whiteboard
122:Pointing/locator input
35:
2055:Ballpoint pen artwork
1640:, www.fingerworks.com
1561:Amstrad PenPad PDA600
1343:, Pencept, Inc., 1985
935:Pen-based Interaction
632:Wacom introduces the
206:Further information:
30:
2070:Birmingham pen trade
2065:Counterfeit banknote
1618:"Annual Report 2009"
859:(e.g. highlighting)
662:LeapFrog Enterprises
2060:Ballpoint pen knife
1600:, www.microsoft.com
1398:, WANG Laboratories
1203:Telautograph System
1186:Telautograph System
1149:Gray (1888-07-31),
1070:Ross, Doug (1989),
954:WANG Freestyle demo
932:Signer, B. (2024),
837:Gesture recognition
713:Samsung Galaxy Note
606:Aqcess Technologies
590:Aqcess Technologies
221:Gesture recognition
208:Direct manipulation
202:Direct manipulation
32:Samsung Galaxy Note
18:Pen-based computing
1740:HP TouchSmart tx2z
1594:Microsoft (2005),
1493:The New York Times
921:, RAND Corporation
875:Sketch recognition
832:Stylus (computing)
114:General techniques
36:
2175:
2174:
2160:Mechanical pencil
1693:978-0-08-095409-7
863:Graffiti Lighting
740:Microsoft Surface
538:IBM releases the
192:digitizing tablet
16:(Redirected from
2195:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1790:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1735:
1729:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1645:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1546:. Archived from
1540:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1522:, archived from
1509:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1431:sites.google.com
1423:
1417:
1416:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1127:. Archived from
1125:Associated Press
1116:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1090:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1047:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1024:
1015:
1014:
1004:
998:
997:
987:
981:
980:
971:
965:
964:
963:
962:
949:
943:
942:
940:
929:
923:
922:
912:
906:
905:
895:
288:brought out the
57:tablet computers
21:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2111:
2043:
2003:
1960:Parts and tools
1955:
1822:
1817:
1759:
1754:
1746:
1744:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1724:
1720:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1694:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1666:
1664:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1643:
1641:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1603:
1601:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1580:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1559:
1555:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1529:
1527:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1497:
1495:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1473:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1435:
1433:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1346:
1344:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1223:As We May Think
1219:
1218:
1214:
1206:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1134:
1132:
1118:
1117:
1110:
1102:
1100:
1092:
1091:
1084:
1076:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1056:
1049:
1048:
1041:
1033:
1026:
1025:
1018:
1006:
1005:
1001:
989:
988:
984:
973:
972:
968:
960:
958:
951:
950:
946:
938:
931:
930:
926:
914:
913:
909:
897:
896:
892:
888:
880:Tablet computer
828:
757:introduces the
568:introduced the
496:presented the "
329:As We May Think
260:
254:
223:
210:
204:
157:The tablet and
155:
126:The tablet and
124:
116:
77:graphics tablet
39:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2201:
2199:
2191:
2190:
2180:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2152:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2130:
2125:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2013:
2011:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1967:Blotting paper
1963:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1758:
1757:External links
1755:
1753:
1752:
1730:
1718:
1699:
1692:
1672:
1649:
1626:
1609:
1586:
1565:
1553:
1550:on 2007-04-29.
1535:
1504:
1479:
1459:
1442:
1418:
1401:
1384:
1368:
1352:
1330:
1314:
1298:
1282:
1265:
1245:
1229:
1212:
1192:
1175:
1158:
1141:
1108:
1082:
1062:
1039:
1016:
999:
982:
966:
944:
924:
907:
889:
887:
884:
883:
882:
877:
872:
867:
866:
865:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
827:
824:
823:
822:
821:
820:
819:compatibility.
816:foldable phone
804:
787:
786:
785:
768:
767:
766:
759:ThinkPad Helix
749:
748:
747:
730:
729:
728:
702:
701:
700:
699:
689:
679:
678:
677:
671:
670:
669:
655:
654:
653:
652:
639:
638:
637:
630:
615:
614:
613:
599:
598:
597:
583:
582:
581:
573:
563:
553:
550:
533:
532:
531:
521:
515:
514:
513:
487:
476:
473:
466:
456:
450:
449:
448:
440:
425:
424:
423:
422:
409:
408:
407:
404:
395:
394:
393:
383:
382:
381:
380:
370:
369:
368:
354:
353:
352:
351:
342:
341:
340:
334:
333:
332:
317:
314:
311:
286:GO Corporation
271:Douglas T Ross
253:
250:
222:
219:
203:
200:
188:
187:
184:
181:
178:
171:
170:
166:
154:
151:
123:
120:
115:
112:
53:mobile devices
37:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2200:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2082:Pen computing
2080:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1814:
1809:
1807:
1802:
1800:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1742:
1741:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1719:
1714:
1710:
1703:
1700:
1695:
1689:
1685:
1684:
1676:
1673:
1662:
1661:
1653:
1650:
1639:
1638:
1630:
1627:
1619:
1613:
1610:
1599:
1598:
1590:
1587:
1577:
1576:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1539:
1536:
1526:on 2007-08-30
1525:
1521:
1517:
1516:
1508:
1505:
1494:
1490:
1483:
1480:
1472:
1471:
1463:
1460:
1455:
1454:
1446:
1443:
1432:
1428:
1422:
1419:
1414:
1413:
1405:
1402:
1397:
1396:
1388:
1385:
1380:
1379:
1372:
1369:
1364:
1363:
1356:
1353:
1342:
1341:
1334:
1331:
1326:
1325:
1318:
1315:
1310:
1309:
1302:
1299:
1294:
1293:
1286:
1283:
1278:
1277:
1269:
1266:
1262:on 2009-05-07
1261:
1257:
1256:
1249:
1246:
1241:
1240:
1233:
1230:
1225:
1224:
1216:
1213:
1205:
1204:
1196:
1193:
1188:
1187:
1179:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1162:
1159:
1154:
1153:
1145:
1142:
1131:on 2008-12-12
1130:
1126:
1122:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1098:
1097:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1075:
1074:
1066:
1063:
1055:
1054:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1032:
1031:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1011:
1003:
1000:
995:
994:
986:
983:
978:
977:
970:
967:
956:
955:
948:
945:
937:
936:
928:
925:
920:
919:
911:
908:
903:
902:
894:
891:
885:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
864:
861:
860:
858:
857:Laser pointer
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
829:
825:
817:
813:
809:
805:
802:
798:
795:releases the
794:
791:
790:
788:
783:
779:
776:releases the
775:
772:
771:
769:
764:
760:
756:
753:
752:
750:
745:
741:
738:releases the
737:
734:
733:
731:
726:
722:
718:
714:
711:releases the
710:
707:
706:
704:
703:
697:
696:HP TouchSmart
693:
690:
687:
683:
682:
680:
675:
674:
672:
667:
664:releases the
663:
660:
659:
657:
656:
650:
646:
643:
642:
640:
635:
631:
628:
624:
619:
618:
616:
612:Best of Show.
611:
607:
603:
602:
600:
596:Best of Show.
595:
591:
587:
586:
584:
578:
574:
571:
567:
564:
561:
558:release the "
557:
554:
551:
549:750P and 360P
548:
545:
541:
537:
536:
534:
529:
525:
522:
519:
518:
516:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
488:
485:
481:
477:
474:
471:
467:
464:
460:
457:
454:
453:
451:
446:
441:
438:
434:
430:
429:
427:
426:
420:
416:
413:
412:
410:
405:
402:
399:
398:
396:
391:
390:Fairlight CMI
388:
387:
385:
384:
378:
374:
373:
371:
366:
362:
359:
358:
356:
355:
349:
346:
345:
343:
338:
337:
335:
330:
326:
323:proposes the
322:
321:Vannevar Bush
318:
315:
312:
309:
305:
304:
302:
301:
300:
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
274:
272:
268:
263:
259:
251:
249:
246:
241:
239:
234:
232:
229:With Apple's
226:
220:
218:
215:
209:
201:
199:
197:
193:
185:
182:
179:
176:
175:
174:
167:
164:
163:
162:
160:
152:
150:
148:
143:
139:
137:
133:
129:
121:
119:
113:
111:
109:
105:
100:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
65:GPS receivers
62:
58:
54:
49:
47:
43:
42:Pen computing
33:
29:
19:
2102:Pen spinning
2097:Pen painting
2081:
2022:Fountain pen
1849:Demonstrator
1745:, retrieved
1739:
1733:
1721:
1712:
1702:
1682:
1675:
1665:, retrieved
1659:
1652:
1642:, retrieved
1636:
1629:
1612:
1602:, retrieved
1596:
1589:
1579:, retrieved
1574:
1568:
1556:
1548:the original
1538:
1528:, retrieved
1524:the original
1514:
1507:
1496:. Retrieved
1482:
1469:
1462:
1452:
1445:
1434:. Retrieved
1430:
1421:
1411:
1404:
1394:
1387:
1377:
1371:
1361:
1355:
1345:, retrieved
1339:
1333:
1323:
1317:
1307:
1301:
1291:
1285:
1275:
1268:
1260:the original
1254:
1248:
1242:, 1961-09-01
1238:
1232:
1222:
1215:
1202:
1195:
1185:
1178:
1168:
1161:
1152:Telautograph
1151:
1144:
1133:. Retrieved
1129:the original
1101:, retrieved
1095:
1072:
1065:
1052:
1030:Telautograph
1029:
1009:
1002:
992:
985:
975:
969:
959:, retrieved
953:
947:
934:
927:
917:
910:
900:
893:
778:Apple Pencil
480:Apple Newton
437:GRiD Systems
344:Early 1960s
303:Before 1950
298:
275:
267:telautograph
264:
261:
242:
235:
227:
224:
211:
189:
172:
156:
144:
140:
135:
131:
125:
117:
101:
50:
41:
40:
2123:Calligraphy
1972:Ink blotter
1889:highlighter
1239:RAND Tablet
744:Surface Pen
645:FingerWorks
494:Atari Corp.
490:Sam Tramiel
463:PenPoint OS
443:system was
357:Late 1960s
348:RAND Tablet
308:Elisha Gray
290:PenPoint OS
245:PenPoint OS
238:Multi-touch
147:touchscreen
108:RAND Tablet
81:touchscreen
73:digital pen
2128:Cartooning
2092:Penmanship
2075:Pen Museum
1931:Rollerball
1747:2008-11-28
1667:2009-05-16
1644:2009-04-30
1604:2009-03-14
1581:2008-08-11
1530:2007-04-20
1498:2024-09-12
1436:2020-06-04
1347:2009-05-21
1169:Controller
1135:2008-09-04
1103:2008-08-23
1053:Controller
961:2008-09-22
886:References
717:smartphone
435:1900 from
256:See also:
240:gestures.
2143:Lettering
2107:Retipping
2032:Iron gall
2017:Alizarine
1951:Technical
1899:permanent
1884:dry erase
1839:Ballpoint
870:Light pen
736:Microsoft
608:ties for
580:features.
577:IBM Simon
526:releases
524:Microsoft
350:invented.
231:Newton OS
169:keyboard.
2182:Category
1994:Penknife
1987:flex nib
1864:Fountain
1623:. Wacom.
826:See also
782:iPad Pro
780:for the
686:GO Corp.
566:AT&T
547:ThinkPad
540:ThinkPad
470:PenPoint
365:Dynabook
361:Alan Kay
136:absolute
132:relative
97:touchpad
85:keyboard
55:such as
2167:Narayam
2116:Related
2087:Pen gun
2037:Stark's
1977:Inkwell
1921:Rastrum
1854:Digital
793:Samsung
765:stylus.
725:phablet
715:hybrid
709:Samsung
668:pentop.
556:Amstrad
510:Germany
506:Hanover
504:'91 in
459:GO Corp
433:GRiDPad
415:Pencept
401:Pencept
278:Pencept
252:History
2155:Pencil
2138:Inking
2133:Comics
1999:Pounce
1946:Stylus
1936:Ruling
1879:Marker
1834:Active
1690:
755:Lenovo
721:tablet
649:iPhone
634:Cintiq
627:Comdex
610:Comdex
594:Comdex
560:PenPad
498:ST-Pad
445:MS-DOS
419:MS-DOS
411:1985:
336:1950s
319:1945:
214:stylus
159:stylus
128:stylus
89:keypad
69:stylus
46:stylus
2048:Other
2027:India
1916:Quill
1911:Qalam
1894:paint
1874:Light
1844:Brush
1827:Types
1621:(PDF)
1474:(PDF)
1207:(PDF)
1077:(PDF)
1057:(PDF)
1034:(PDF)
939:(PDF)
789:2021
774:Apple
770:2015
763:Wacom
751:2013
732:2012
705:2011
698:tx2z.
681:2008
673:2006
658:2005
641:2003
625:) at
617:2001
601:2000
592:wins
585:1999
535:1993
517:1992
502:CeBIT
452:1991
428:1989
397:1982
386:1979
372:1971
325:Memex
93:mouse
2009:Inks
1941:Skin
1926:Reed
1820:Pens
1743:, HP
1713:CNET
1688:ISBN
478:The
377:SLAC
243:The
212:The
63:and
61:PDAs
1982:Nib
1869:Gel
1859:Dip
666:Fly
544:IBM
492:of
484:PDA
95:or
79:or
71:or
2184::
1904:UV
1711:.
1518:,
1491:.
1429:.
1123:.
1111:^
1085:^
1042:^
1019:^
723:("
692:HP
508:,
280:,
149:.
99:.
91:,
87:,
59:,
1812:e
1805:t
1798:v
1715:.
1696:.
1501:.
1439:.
1138:.
746:.
719:/
651:.
629:.
447:.
421:.
379:.
331:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
