212:
1555:
377:
38:
1185:
1170:
1155:
1140:
521:
e fait, par une personne dépositaire de l'autorité publique, agissant dans l'exercice de ses fonctions, de prendre des mesures destinées à faire échec à l'exécution de la loi est puni de cinq ans d'emprisonnement et de 75 000 euros
1125:
1110:
245:(new penal code, as it was initially known) was the result of several laws promulgated July 22, 1992, which took effect on March 1, 1994. While the code theoretically remained the same, and kept the same title,
1434:
860:, allows new texts to be indefinitely added and interwoven without effect on the numbering. It is thus well-adapted to legislation that foresees indefinite future evolution.
2362:
1411:
231:. Badinter took over the chairmanship of the commission created in 1975, whose membership had been greatly modified. The penal code project was discussed in the
1254:
1939:
1756:
1095:
1661:
1394:
449:
2356:
177:
in a decree issued on
November 8, 1974. The membership of the commission was set by a February 25, 1975 decree. The president of the commission was
421:
398:
55:
152:, which had until then been in effect. This in turn has become known as the "old penal code" in the rare decisions that still need to apply it.
889:, magistrate, co-author of the penal code project, head of the office of general criminal legislation, author of various works on criminal law
506:
Its first article is not number 1, but 111-1, the first article of the first chapter of the first title of the first book, from right to left
428:
1897:
257:
2448:
1389:
435:
2293:
2025:
1325:
1310:
1280:
1922:
1912:
1712:
1464:
1247:
874:
468:
220:
121:
2281:
2042:
1968:
417:
844:
253:, but rather an original work of composition and of writing, with a new outline, new principles and a new formulation of the law.
2266:
1608:
102:
2387:
2188:
930:
2276:
2062:
74:
2144:
1784:
1603:
1444:
1360:
402:
59:
1806:
174:
2010:
1892:
1799:
1728:
1505:
1384:
1223:
322:
2312:
1984:
1623:
81:
2443:
2254:
2093:
2067:
1651:
1640:
1454:
1240:
155:
The new code was created by several laws promulgated on July 22, 1992. It introduced the judicial notion of fundamental
2303:
2213:
2158:
2139:
1219:
1205:
2198:
2005:
1989:
1844:
1593:
923:
850:
197:
2271:
2223:
1907:
1692:
604:
The section, sub-section and paragraph hierarchical levels are not taken into account in the numbering, for example:
2407:
2052:
2015:
1761:
601:, which is more compact but caps at nine the maximum value of the first three levels, i.e. book, title and chapter.
512:). Thus the numbering of Article 432-1 in the legislative section allows the hierarchy to be retraced, as follows:
442:
2350:
2203:
2032:
1429:
88:
2298:
2244:
2057:
1954:
1859:
1827:
1738:
1733:
613:"theft, extortion, blackmail and abuse of trust are all considered. for purposes of recidivism, the same offense."
2020:
1917:
1873:
1854:
1794:
1766:
1469:
1459:
926:– highest judicial court of appeal in French law; differs considerably from procedures in common law jurisdiction
597:
guide, does not have delimiters such as the periods in the default numbering of scientific documents composed in
495:
250:
149:
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2286:
2108:
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1673:
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1285:
911:
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387:
2129:
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489:
70:
2134:
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2428:
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1214:
406:
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341:
193:
48:
2178:
1060:
262:
211:
2397:
2124:
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1613:
1379:
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499:
where the articles are numbered in an ascending order, valid only for a given period, the numbering of the
2083:
712:). However, a hierarchical structure can be discerned from the number of the article, for example :
1578:
1534:
1369:
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879:
228:
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1961:
1849:
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178:
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545:
es atteintes à l'administration publique commises par des personnes exerçant une fonction publique"
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189:
1949:
1439:
1320:
917:
869:
156:
141:
1927:
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95:
1707:
1583:
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1081:
1073:
256:
It introduced a number of new concepts, such as the criminal responsibility of moral persons (
232:
884:
260:) apart from that of the State, (Article 121-2), and increased the sentencing for almost all
2183:
1934:
1838:
340:
Book IV: Crimes and offenses against the nation, the State and the public peace (political
1822:
1528:
1490:
1485:
1315:
901:
483:
224:
897:
1399:
227:, a former criminal lawyer who had become Minister of Justice, returned to the idea of
183:
297:
Book IV: Felonies and
Misdemeanors Against the Nation, the State, and the Public Peace
2422:
2402:
1832:
1227:
1209:
1171:
Book IV Felonies and
Misdemeanors against the Nation, the State, and the Public Peace
17:
842:
This numbering style, which originated in administrative regulations such as the
1902:
1500:
376:
173:
The Penal Code project began with the work of a commission created by
President
37:
1072:. Translated by Tomlinson, Edward A. Littleton, Colorado: F. B. Rothman. 1999.
2369:
2259:
1449:
905:
508:
238:
Book I was approved in 1991 and was rapidly followed by Books II, III and IV.
1077:
2239:
204:, heavily criticised by the criminal justice community, was rejected by the
1085:
959:" La réforme du code pénal remise en cause – La logique de la répression "
2249:
981:
963:
1232:
934:– in French criminal law, an offense of intermediate gravity, between
2344:
708:
The article is not number 132123-1 but number 16 of its chapter (132–
1061:"France, French Penal Code of 1994 as Amended as of January 1, 1999"
598:
583:"es crimes et délits contre la nation, l'État et la paix publique"
210:
481:
Breaking with prior usage in other legislative codes such as the
1236:
914:– differs considerably from common law appeal court procedures.
908:
jurisdictions, which differ from French appeals court procedure
774:"u contenu et des modalités d'application de certaines peines".
370:
31:
148:(droit pénal). It took effect March 1, 1994 and replaced the
977:
M. Badinter préside la commission de révision du code pénal
249:, the new code was not so much a modified or even a recast
920:– general scope, does not discuss France specifically
291:
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1815:
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1747:
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1569:
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1514:
1478:
1435:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the
Citizen
1420:
1368:
1359:
1156:
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1184:
1169:
1154:
1139:
1124:
1109:
1094:
1059:
739:"e placement sous surveillance mis à exécution."
784:"es peines applicables aux personnes physiques"
1248:
8:
845:Code général des collectivités territoriales
334:Book II: Crimes and offenses against persons
160:
405:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
337:Book III: Crimes and offenses against goods
258:responsabilité pénale des personnes morales
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638:"es peines applicables en cas de récidive"
349:Three books were added December 16, 1992:
314:Book VII: Provisions relatives to overseas
1395:Fundamental laws of the Kingdom of France
1042:
1030:
1018:
1006:
994:
469:Learn how and when to remove this message
358:Book VII: Provisions relative to overseas
321:The Regulation portion — (Decrees of the
278:The penal code is composed of two parts:
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
418:"numerotation" code penale français
2357:National School for the Judiciary (ENM)
951:
308:Book V: Other Felonies and Misdemeanors
1186:Book V Other Felonies and Misdemeanors
1066:American Series of Foreign Penal Codes
219:After government changed hands in the
719:of the penal code starts saying that
640:. (Of penalties for repeat offenders)
564:"es atteintes à l'autorité de l'État"
305:Three books added December 16, 1992:
300:Book IV b: Crimes and offenses of war
282:The Legislation part is composed of:
7:
403:adding citations to reliable sources
60:adding citations to reliable sources
1045:, p. xviii, Table of Contents.
725:It is the first article (131-36-12–
1455:Code of criminal procedure of 1808
352:Book V: Other crimes and offenses
162:intérêts fondamentaux de la nation
25:
1021:, p. xiv, Table of Contents.
875:French code of criminal procedure
757:"n décret à l'article 131-35-1."
1553:
1033:, p. xv, Table of Contents.
1009:, p. xi, Table of Contents.
997:, p. ix, Table of Contents.
589:This numbering of the articles,
375:
36:
1215:out-of-date English translation
721:"ar dérogation de la victime."
47:needs additional citations for
2145:European Court of Human Rights
1604:European Court of Human Rights
1445:Code of Offences and Penalties
1:
1506:Le Pelletier de Saint-Fargeau
593:in 1.4.2. of the Légifrance
331:Book I: General dispositions
2449:March 1994 events in France
924:Court of Cassation (France)
202:Book I (General Provisions)
27:Criminal law code of France
2465:
2109:Sentence enforcement judge
1674:Sentence enforcement judge
1624:Sentence Enforcement Court
1465:Code of criminal procedure
1430:Criminal Ordinance of 1670
1276:code, law, or procedure in
1222:, issue of decrees by the
311:Book VI: Of contraventions
288:Book I: General provisions
221:1981 presidential election
200:. The definitive draft of
2383:
2294:Civil rights restrictions
2104:Liberty and custody judge
1785:Aggravating circumstances
1669:Liberty and custody judge
1551:
1270:
1126:Book I General Provisions
904:, describe procedures in
778:Sub-section 5 is part of
643:Sub-section 2 is part of
150:French Penal Code of 1810
2140:Review and reexamination
2026:Prosecutorial discretion
1923:Presumption of innocence
1893:Accused person (prévenu)
1807:Mitigating circumstances
912:Court of Appeal (France)
893:Police Tribunal (France)
799:e la nature des peines".
519:of the penal code says "
496:Code de procédure pénale
490:Code de procédure civile
274:Organizational structure
175:Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
71:"France" penal code
2351:Documentation française
2313:Criminal imprisonment (
1898:Criminal responsibility
1088:– via HeinOnline.
836:"ispositions générales"
702:"ispositions générales"
649:"ispositions générales"
632:Paragraph 3 is part of
355:Book VI: Contraventions
235:between 1989 and 1991.
2282:Punishment and redress
2043:Judicial investigation
1969:Statute of limitations
1800:Personal vulnerability
1609:Jurisdictional dualism
1380:Constitution of France
826:1-36-12-1) is part of
627:ispositions générales"
216:
215:New penal code of 1993
208:on February 22, 1980.
165:) (Book IV, Title I).
161:
2299:Electronic monitoring
2224:Prison administration
1757:Principle of legality
1579:Correctional tribunal
1535:Gendarmerie nationale
807:–36-12-1) is part of
789:Section 1 is part of
664:"u régime des peines"
654:Section 1 is part of
328:Four original books:
285:Four original books:
214:
2267:Citizenship training
2179:Peine complémentaire
2068:Preventive detention
2016:Police investigation
1962:Inquisitorial system
1405:French customary law
1385:Constitutional block
1096:Translator's Preface
967:, February 17, 1980.
946:Notes and references
503:is more structured.
399:improve this section
188:, later replaced by
56:improve this article
2444:French criminal law
2094:Investigating judge
1679:Judiciary of France
1652:Investigating judge
1599:EU Court of Justice
1264:French criminal law
1103:, p. xxi–xxii.
985:, October 22, 1981.
851:Code de l'urbanisme
834:31-36-12-1) titled
755:–12-1), which says
743:Article 12 (131-36–
737:–1) providing that
717:Article 131-36-12-1
146:French criminal law
18:Penal code (France)
2255:Capital punishment
2189:Suspended sentence
1950:Adversarial system
1778:mitigating factors
1713:Criminal procedure
1594:Court of Cassation
1470:Penal code of 1994
1460:Penal Code of 1810
1440:Penal Code of 1791
1178:, p. 197–268.
1163:, p. 161–196.
918:Court of Cassation
880:Francis Le Gunehec
870:Codification (law)
815:1-36-12-1) titled
797:–36-12-1) titled "
768:–12-1) is part of
325:) is composed of:
251:Code pénal de 1810
243:nouveau code pénal
217:
198:Court of Cassation
157:national interests
2416:
2415:
2379:
2378:
2325:
2324:
2277:Community service
2153:
2152:
2089:Public prosecutor
2063:Court supervision
1868:
1867:
1687:
1686:
1647:Public prosecutor
1549:
1548:
1277:
1148:, p. 89–160.
692:2–16) is part of
479:
478:
471:
453:
229:penal code reform
194:procureur général
132:
131:
124:
106:
16:(Redirected from
2456:
2363:Journal officiel
2335:
2184:Minimum sentence
2164:
1935:Reasonable doubt
1881:
1839:Biens mal acquis
1762:Material element
1698:
1641:Ministère public
1567:
1557:
1556:
1496:Élisabeth Guigou
1406:
1366:
1275:
1257:
1250:
1243:
1234:
1194:
1191:Tomlinson (1999)
1188:
1179:
1176:Tomlinson (1999)
1173:
1164:
1161:Tomlinson (1999)
1158:
1149:
1146:Tomlinson (1999)
1143:
1134:
1133:, p. 29–88.
1131:Tomlinson (1999)
1128:
1119:
1116:Tomlinson (1999)
1113:
1104:
1101:Tomlinson (1999)
1098:
1089:
1063:
1046:
1040:
1034:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1010:
1004:
998:
992:
986:
974:
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888:
673:–16) is part of
573:2-1) is part of
474:
467:
463:
460:
454:
452:
411:
379:
371:
367:Numbering scheme
187:
164:
127:
120:
116:
113:
107:
105:
64:
40:
32:
21:
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2419:
2418:
2417:
2412:
2375:
2331:
2321:
2228:
2149:
2113:
2072:
2033:Criminalization
1994:
1973:
1885:
1875:
1864:
1823:Crime in France
1811:
1777:
1776:Aggravating and
1771:
1743:
1717:
1683:
1657:Judicial police
1628:
1589:Court of appeal
1584:Court of Assize
1558:
1554:
1545:
1541:National Police
1529:Presidial court
1510:
1491:Cesare Beccaria
1486:Robert Badinter
1474:
1422:
1416:
1404:
1371:
1355:
1266:
1261:
1202:
1195:
1193:, p. 269–.
1182:
1167:
1152:
1137:
1122:
1118:, p. 1–28.
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1092:
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1050:
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1041:
1037:
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1025:
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1005:
1001:
993:
989:
975:
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957:
953:
948:
902:Appellate court
882:
866:
857:Code des impôts
747:–1) is part of
591:called décimale
581:32-1) entitled
554:–1) is part of
475:
464:
458:
455:
412:
410:
396:
380:
369:
276:
225:Robert Badinter
181:
179:Maurice Aydalot
171:
128:
117:
111:
108:
65:
63:
53:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2462:
2460:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2439:Criminal codes
2436:
2431:
2429:1994 in France
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2414:
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2400:
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2216:
2214:Rehabilitation
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2201:
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2058:Search warrant
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2018:
2013:
2011:Police custody
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2002:
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1993:
1992:
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1981:
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1828:List of crimes
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1407:
1400:Old French law
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1224:Conseil d'État
1217:
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1200:External links
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1120:
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1051:
1048:
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1043:Tomlinson 1999
1035:
1031:Tomlinson 1999
1023:
1019:Tomlinson 1999
1011:
1007:Tomlinson 1999
999:
995:Tomlinson 1999
987:
969:
950:
949:
947:
944:
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942:
927:
921:
915:
909:
895:
890:
877:
872:
865:
862:
840:
839:
820:
801:
787:
776:
759:
741:
723:
706:
705:
700:32-16) titled
686:
667:
652:
641:
630:
615:
610:Article 132-16
587:
586:
567:
548:
525:
477:
476:
383:
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374:
368:
365:
364:
363:
362:
361:
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338:
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323:Conseil d'État
319:
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35:
26:
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2038:Qualification
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1662:Directorate
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