29:
368:, the Legislature finalized a repeal of similar penal exception language from the state constitution as part of a bid to remove racist language from the state constitution, which was passed by referendum in November 2022. The legislatures of Vermont and Oregon sent similar amendments to voters for a vote in 2022, both of which were passed. Tennessee's legislature approved similar language for a 2022 ballot after two consecutive sessions, but, like Utah's 2020 revision, included a subsection clarifying that the prohibition will not "prohibit an inmate from working when the inmate has been duly convicted of a crime". The amendment was passed by referendum.
200:(2) Upon conviction of a crime, an Oregon court or a probation or parole agency may order the convicted person to engage in education, counseling, treatment, community service or other alternatives to incarceration, as part of sentencing for the crime, in accordance with programs that have been in place historically or that may be developed in the future, to provide accountability, reformation, protection of society or rehabilitation.
249:
no person born in this country, or brought from over sea, ought to be holden by law, to serve any person as a servant, slave or apprentice, after he arrives to the age of twenty-one years, unless he is bound by his own consent, after he arrives to such age, or bound by law for the payment of debts,
87:
Arkansas: There shall be no slavery in this State, nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime. No standing army shall be kept in time of peace; the military shall, at all times, be in strict subordination to the civil power; and no soldier shall be quartered in any house, or on any
122:
Minnesota: No member of this state shall be disfranchised or deprived of any of the rights or privileges secured to any citizen thereof, unless by the law of the land or the judgement of his peers. There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the state, otherwise than as punishment
115:
Louisiana: No person shall be denied the equal protection of the laws. No law shall discriminate against a person because of race or religious ideas, beliefs, or affiliations. No law shall arbitrarily, capriciously, or unreasonably discriminate against a person because of birth, age, sex, culture,
382:
A resolution to bring a repeal to the
California state constitution in 2022 was passed unanimously in the California State Assembly. The resolution failed to receive enough votes and was not passed by the California State Senate before the end of the session, preventing it from appearing on the
246:
Vermont: That all men are born equally free and independent, and have certain natural, inherent, and unalienable rights, amongst which are the enjoying and defending life and liberty, acquiring, possessing and protecting property, and pursuing and obtaining happiness and safety; therefore
398:
One report commissioned by Worth Rises argued that repealing the exception clause and allowing fairer labor practices and wage increases to apply to voluntary prison labor would net between USD$ 18.3 billion and USD$ 20.3 billion annually in fiscal benefits for state governments.
24:
prohibits slavery and involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for a crime of which one has been convicted. In the latter 2010s, a movement has emerged to repeal the exception clause from both the federal and state constitutions.
71:
Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Amendment XIII, Section
356:
in 2018, Colorado became the first state to repeal the exception clause from their state's constitution. Bills to repeal similar clauses have passed in Utah and
Nebraska after voters approved them in a referendum in 2020.
103:
Indiana: There shall be neither slavery, nor involuntary servitude, within the State, otherwise than for the punishment of crimes, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted. Article 1, Section 37
624:
126:
Mississippi: There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in this State, otherwise than in the punishment of crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted. Article 3, Section 15
132:
North
Carolina - Article 1 Section 17: Slavery is forever prohibited. Involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the parties have been adjudged guilty, is forever prohibited.
810:
65:
17:
141:
Wisconsin: There shall be neither slavery, nor involuntary servitude in this state, otherwise than for the punishment of crime, of which the party shall have been duly convicted.
116:
physical condition, or political ideas or affiliations. Slavery and involuntary servitude are prohibited, except in the latter case as punishment for crime. Article I, Section 3.
112:
Kentucky: Slavery and involuntary servitude in this state are forbidden, except as a punishment of crimes, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted. Article I, Section 25
28:
446:
644:
97:
Georgia: There shall be no involuntary servitude within the State of
Georgia except as a punishment for crime after legal conviction thereof or for contempt of court.
109:
Kansas: There shall be no slavery in this state; and no involuntary servitude, except for the punishment of crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted.
425:
498:
135:
North Dakota: Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, unless for the punishment of crimes, shall ever be tolerated in this State. Article 1, Section 17
800:
119:
Michigan: Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, unless for the punishment of crimes, shall ever be tolerated in this State. Article I, Section 9.
129:
Nevada: Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, unless for the punishment of crimes, shall ever be tolerated in this State. Article 1, Section 17.
669:
106:
Iowa: There shall be no slavery in this State; nor shall there be involuntary servitude, unless for the punishment of crime. Article I, Section 23
625:"Oregon voters to decide on removing slavery and involuntary servitude as criminal punishment from state constitution in 2022 – Ballotpedia News"
530:
770:
573:
32:
Map of states where slavery or involuntary servitude as punishment for a crime is permitted in the state constitution as of
November 2022.
805:
138:
Ohio: There shall be no slavery in this state; nor involuntary servitude, unless for the punishment of crime. Article I, Section 6.
815:
415:
379:
introduced legislation (H.J.Res.53/S.J.Res.21) in the 117th
Congress to repeal the exception clause from the U.S. Constitution.
598:
695:
88:
premises, without the consent of the owner, in time of peace; nor in time of war, except in a manner prescribed by law.
353:
383:
November 2022 ballot. Similar legislation was passed by the legislature and will appear on the
November 2024 ballot.
94:
California: Slavery is prohibited. Involuntary servitude is prohibited, except to punish crime. Article I, Section 6.
472:
21:
216:
Nothing in this section shall prohibit an inmate from working when the inmate has been duly convicted of a crime.
365:
154:
Alabama: That no form of slavery shall exist in this state; and there shall not be any involuntary servitude
745:"Nevadans to vote in 2024 on removing slavery, involuntary servitude as punishment from state constitution"
820:
513:"LR1CA - Constitutional amendment to eliminate slavery or involuntary servitude as a punishment for crime"
447:"A Promise the Nation Cannot Keep: What Prevents the Application of the Thirteenth Amendment in Prison?"
240:(2) Subsection (1) does not apply to the otherwise lawful administration of the criminal justice system.
191:
the State, otherwise than for the punishment of crime, of which the party shall have been duly convicted
512:
744:
221:
The
General Assembly shall make no law recognizing the right of property in man. Article 1, Section 34
226:
Utah: Article I, Section 21 (a 2020 amendment to remove the exception was approved by 81% of voters)
361:
720:
387:
180:. Article I, Section 2 (a 2020 amendment to remove the exception was approved by 68% of voters)
156:, otherwise than for the punishment of crime, of which the party shall have been duly convicted
549:"H.J.R. 8 Proposal to Amend Utah Constitution - Slavery and Involuntary Servitude Prohibition"
372:
721:"Californians will decide — in 2024 — whether to ban slavery. What will the measure do?"
645:"Tennessee Senate approves proposed amendment to remove slavery from state constitution"
178:
otherwise than for punishment of crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted
499:"Louisiana voters rejected an antislavery ballot measure. The reasons are complicated"
794:
548:
420:
212:, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted,
531:"Nebraska Remove Slavery as Punishment for Crime from Constitution Amendment (2020)"
234:, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted
167:, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted
165:
Colorado: There shall never be in this state either slavery or involuntary servitude
696:"California lawmakers reject ballot proposal that aimed to end forced prison labor"
376:
574:"Utah Remove Slavery as Punishment for a Crime from Constitution Amendment (2020)"
176:
Nebraska: There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in this state,
409:
258:
Rhode Island: Slavery shall not be permitted in this State. Article I, Section 4
263:
State constitutions with no mentions of slavery or involuntary servitude
771:"Ending US jail workers' slavery clause 'could net billions' | Context"
123:
for a crime of which the party has been convicted. Article I, Section 2
386:
A penal exception repeal was sent to the
November 2024 ballot by the
27:
599:"Vt. slavery ban amendment approved; goes to voters in November"
183:
Oregon: Article 1, Section 34 (Amended 2022 by 55% of voters):
670:"California Assembly advances involuntary servitude amendment"
37: Penal exception for slavery and/or involuntary servitude
189:
There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in
49: No mention of slavery or involuntary servitude in text
43: Total prohibition of slavery and involuntary servitude
253:
slavery and indentured servitude in any form are prohibited
360:
Following voters approving a 2020 ballot measure allowing
255:. Chapter I, Article 1st (Amended 2022 by 88% of voters)
453:. William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository
218:
Article 1, Section 33 (Amended 2022 by 79% of voters)
66:
Thirteenth
Amendment to the United States Constitution
426:Felony disenfranchisement in the United States
811:States of the United States law-related lists
90:Arkansas Constitution, Article 2, Section 25.
8:
171:Colorado Constitution Article 2, Section 26
451:William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
232:Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude
437:
473:"13th Amendment: Abolition of Slavery"
7:
649:WJHL | Tri-Cities News & Weather
497:Radde, Kaitlyn (November 17, 2022).
99:Article I, Section 1 Paragraph XXII.
605:. Associated Press. 4 February 2022
250:damages, fines, costs, or the like
14:
801:Abolitionism in the United States
719:Nanguneri, Shaanth (2024-06-27).
210:Slavery and involuntary servitude
416:Penal labor in the United States
160:Alabama Constitution, Section 32
173:(Amended 2018 by 66% of voters)
162:(Amended 2022 by 76% of voters)
694:Lyons, Byrhonda (2022-06-30).
236:shall exist within this State.
1:
477:National Constitution center
837:
63:
22:United States Constitution
16:In the United States, the
806:United States slavery law
214:are forever prohibited.
816:Criminal justice reform
553:Utah State Legislature
51:
31:
517:Nebraska Legislature
769:Sherfinski, David.
362:Alabama Legislature
751:. 23 February 2023
623:Antram, Victoria.
390:in February 2022.
388:Nevada Legislature
366:state constitution
149:Without exceptions
55:List of amendments
52:
674:Los Angeles Times
445:Raghunath, Raja.
364:to recompile the
348:Reform and repeal
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678:. Retrieved
676:. 2022-03-22
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664:
653:. Retrieved
651:. 2021-03-15
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628:. Retrieved
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603:www.wcax.com
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578:Ballotpedia
535:Ballotpedia
410:13th (film)
354:Amendment A
274:Connecticut
206:Tennessee:
795:Categories
780:2024-06-29
755:2023-04-25
730:2024-06-29
725:CalMatters
705:2022-09-13
700:CalMatters
680:2022-03-29
655:2022-03-29
630:2022-03-29
609:2022-03-29
432:References
337:Washington
313:New Mexico
310:New Jersey
194:this state
371:In 2021,
143:Article I
403:See also
394:Analysis
334:Virginia
319:Oklahoma
316:New York
301:Missouri
295:Maryland
289:Illinois
277:Delaware
583:19 June
558:19 June
482:19 June
457:19 June
343:Wyoming
304:Montana
280:Florida
271:Arizona
60:Federal
20:to the
283:Hawaii
268:Alaska
47:
41:
35:
352:With
331:Texas
292:Maine
286:Idaho
77:State
585:2020
560:2020
484:2020
459:2020
375:and
208:That
230:(1)
187:(1)
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