907:, and in many places there was only a narrow strip of flat ground that would soon run against vertical cliffs or dense forests with rocky soil. Nevertheless, some permanent settlements persisted, at Newport, Albeni Falls, Ione, Dalkena, Metaline Falls, Cusick, Usk, and many at the sites of the sawmills that cut the lumber extracted from the region. Some emigrants also settled along the Clark Fork, but there were similar problems because for most of its course, the Clark Fork, like the Pend Oreille, flows in a steep and narrow gorge. Larger numbers of people settled in the
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860:. Logging was profitable because almost the entire Pend Oreille watershed was forested with various types of trees. However, shipping logs to ports lower on the Columbia River (to the southwest of the Pend Oreille River) was a problem. Not only was the river riddled with frightening waterfalls and rapids, but it flows north, in the opposite direction that the logging companies wanted to move their logs. At about this time,
888:). These boats carried passengers and ore and also towed log rafts up the river. (Since it flows north, they had to tow the logs south, against the current, to ship it a shorter distance to the lumber mills and factories lower in the Columbia Basin.) Navigation on the Pend Oreille presented few problems upstream of the Box Canyon rapids about three-fourths of the way down the Pend Oreille River (today close to the site of
59:
44:
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Pond Dam’ on
Sullivan Creek just upstream of the town of Metaline Falls. Mill Pond Dam was removed in the summer of 2017 and the project finished in 2018 with stream and bank stabilization and native tree plantings. Sullivan Creek now runs free from its headwaters in the Salmon-Priest Wilderness to the Pend Oreille River. Native trout species will assuredly benefit by this habitat restoration.
828:
1377:
730:, which stretched over two hundred miles southwest across western Montana, containing some 500 cubic miles (2,100 km) of water, was over 2,000 feet (610 m) high. The second one blocked the upper Pend Oreille River near Sandpoint, creating an enlarged Lake Pend Oreille that could have connected with a similarly enlarged
840:
wiped out many indigenous (this happened with many other tribes across North and Middle
America as they were not used to such a sickness). After numerous wars and treaties, much of the land in the Pend Oreille basin especially the upper Clark Fork area had been ceded to the settlers. The last land in
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people", referring to the roots that provided their primary food. Both tribes lived around the area of Lake Pend
Oreille occasionally ranging lower onto the Pend Oreille River (or maybe they did have settlements along the river?) but the lower (north) basin was generally less populated than the upper
663:
The Pend
Oreille River starts in northern Idaho, at Lake Pend Oreille, Idaho's largest lake. Cocolalla Creek is the first major tributary. The next one is the Priest River, this is 68 miles (109 km) long, and has three rivers flowing into it. Sullivan Creek is the last big tributary. The Clark
1041:
As mitigation (mandated by the
Federal Energy Regulatory Committee ‘FERC’) for the continued license/operation of the Boundary Dam on the Pend Oreille, Seattle City and Light had to provide mitigation funding. This mitigation funding came in the form of removing the 50 foot (15 m) high ‘Mill
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on the north shore of Lake Pend
Oreille. In 1808, Thompson again traveled into the Pend Oreille region. The following spring, he tried to reach the Columbia River by way of the Pend Oreille, but rapids and waterfalls hampered his attempt. He ended up retreating to another trading post in British
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advanced southwards through the Idaho
Panhandle, burying the Lake Pend Oreille and upper Pend Oreille River valley with ice hundreds to thousands of feet thick. This formed a pair of ice dams, one gigantic, and one significantly smaller. The one that caused the water of the Clark Fork and other
971:(MW). Boundary Dam has the largest generating capacity of the five, at 1070 MW. The smaller Albeni Falls Dam regulates the level of Lake Pend Oreille to provide some flood control during the summer and increased flows during dry winters. None of the dams provide for fish passage or navigation.
896:, which was the only large steamer to operate on the lower river on a regular basis). After the Idaho & Washington Northern Railroad was built in the area, steamboat commerce faded and the logs were transported by rail. The Idaho & Washington Northern was eventually succeeded by the
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555:. It crosses the international border into southeastern British Columbia, looping west for about 15 miles (24 km) and joining the Columbia from the east, approximately 0.2 miles (0.32 km) north of the international border and approximately 5 miles (8 km) south of
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in the north. Water pressure and glacial melt destroyed the larger of the two ice dams several times, causing massive amounts of water to rush out across eastern
Washington through the upper Pend Oreille River. A mistaken belief is that these cataclysmic floods, known as the
584:, he repeatedly refers to the Pend Oreille River as the Clark Fork. If the lengths of the North Fork Flathead, main Flathead, Clark Fork and Pend Oreille are added together, the total is over 510 miles (820 km) stretching from the Rocky Mountains north of
702:. The age of the rocks along the Pend Oreille generally decreases as one travels downstream (north), and the terrain is also more rugged towards the north than in the south. About 200 million years ago, increased tectonic activity caused the uplift of the
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above the confluence with the
Columbia. The total area of the Pend Oreille basin is just under 10% of the entire 258,000-square-mile (670,000 km) Columbia Basin. Box Canyon Dam is currently underway on a multimillion-dollar project for a fish ladder.
710:, a major physiographic feature of the watershed which sweeps from northwest to southeast along the entire Clark Fork valley (and the border of Idaho and Montana), by about 70 million years ago. This time period is generally accepted as when the entire
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the
Bitterroot area was given up in 1889, and many tribes of the Pend Oreille basin were moved to reservations in northwestern Montana. In the late 1850s, a major influx of non-indigenous peoples occurred when gold was discovered near
1025:, include: Bitter Root River, Bitterroot River, Clark Fork, Clarke Fork, Clarkes Fork, Clarks Fork, Deer Lodge River, Hell Gate River, Missoula River, Pend d'Oreille River, Silver Bow River, Clark's Fork, and Pend-d'Oreille River.
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By the 1840s, Europeans and Americans were pouring into the region in increasing numbers, although growth was slow. These newcomers did not strike good relations with the Native Americans of the area, and diseases such as
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and the lower Pend Oreille River. Much of the southern drainage divide of the watershed forms the border of Idaho and Montana, and a very short portion of the northeastern divide forms the border of British Columbia and
739:, traveled down the Pend Oreille Valley into the Columbia. Rather, it is now thought that the water completely breached the western divide of the Pend Oreille River valley and rushed out towards the direction of
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on the Pend Oreille River. The first major white settlements in that area, however, were not created until 1884. Mining for gold soon ceased but lead and zinc mining continued, reaching a peak in
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and tributaries of the Spokane drain the lands past the watershed divide. In the north is the Kootenay River, a similar-sized tributary of the Columbia. To the east, in Montana, is the
490:. The river drains an area of 66,800 square kilometres (25,792 sq mi), mostly through the Clark Fork and its tributaries in western Montana and including a portion of the
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runs across the northeast part of the watershed, through the Flathead Valley, and eventually terminating in mountains near the Clark Fork's confluence with the Flathead.
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580:. The river is sometimes considered as one with the Clark Fork, which is the primary river flowing into Lake Pend Oreille. For example, in Stewart Holbrook's book
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The Pend Oreille River Trail covers 70 miles (110 km) from the Idaho/Washington border to Boundary Dam near the Canadian border. Maps can be found on the
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The Pend Oreille River valley was never easy for early or later emigrants to settle in. The little arable land that did exist was mostly within the river's
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stretches across most of western Montana, northern Idaho and northeastern Washington, as well as tiny portions in southern British Columbia drained by the
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formed to oversee any issues relating to water quality and/or water quantity in Lake Pend Oreille, Pend Oreille River, Priest Lake and Priest River Basin.
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Columbia a few months later. After these early explorations, however, there still were no permanent white settlements along the Pend Oreille River.
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923:(population 7,000), near where the river flows out of Lake Pend Oreille, remains the largest city in close proximity to the river.
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was the other major industry of the Pend Oreille River area and attracted hundreds to thousands of men to the region, many of them
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967:(U.S. Army Corps of Engineers) dams in the United States. The combined generating capacity of all the dams is approximately 2480
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The Lake Pend Oreille, Pend Oreille River, Priest Lake and Priest River Commission otherwise known as the “Lakes Commission”
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In the 1920s, there was a proposal to divert the Pend Oreille through a 60 miles (97 km) gravity canal to irrigate the
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Map showing dams in the Pend Oreille River watershed (Clark Fork-Lake Pend Oreille-Pend Oreille system highlighted in blue)
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in southeastern British Columbia. The full drainage basin of the river and its tributaries accounts for 43% of the entire
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along the U.S.-Canada border on the east side of the Columbia. The river is sometimes defined as the lower part of the
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639:, headwater streams of the Missouri. The Pend Oreille/Clark Fork system is notable in that it cuts right between the
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998:) also generate power and to a lesser extent regulate the inflows to Lake Pend Oreille and the Pend Oreille River.
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pelts to trade overseas. Some of these people were the ones to coin the term "Pend d'Oreille". Canadian explorer
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543:. It flows roughly parallel to the Idaho border for approximately 50 miles (80 km), through the
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592:. This makes the Pend Oreille system the second longest tributary of the Columbia River (after the
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and Snake River drainage basins border on the Clark Fork. To the west smaller rivers such as the
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763:). Archaeological evidence suggests that people lived in the region as early as the end of the
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892:). Many boats were wrecked in the stretch between Box Canyon and the river's mouth (including
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when the metals were desperately needed for the productions of weapons, ships and planes.
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523:(The Clark Fork River enters the lake from its eastern end). It flows west, receiving the
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overlain by layers of sedimentary rock compose most of the higher terrain, such as the
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were introduced to the Pend Oreille River. The first steamboat on the river was
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1208:"USGS Gage #12396500 on the Pend Oreille River below Box Canyon, near Ione, WA"
1180:"USGS Gage #12396500 on the Pend Oreille River below Box Canyon, near Ione, WA"
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is variously stated to mean "earring", "hang from ears", or "shape of an ear".
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Spreading across 25,792 square miles (66,800 km), the Pend Oreille River
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539:. Once in Washington it turns north, flowing along the eastern side of the
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The Pend Oreille River watershed divide is formed on the east side by the
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651:. The only other river to do so is the Kootenay, just to the north. The
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The Columbia: The Classic Portrait of the Great River of the Northwest
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and surrounding lands in eastern Washington as part of the tentative
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815:. His primary mission was to find the source of the Columbia River (
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inhabited the upper (Clark Fork) part of the basin, especially the
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system was formed, although age of the rocks varies with location.
687:, uplifted over 500 million years ago from the former floor of the
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fur trappers working for various fur trading companies to provide
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604:) and drains the second largest area (second only to the Snake).
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valley, and in the Bitterroot Valley of south-western Montana.
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Much of the Pend Oreille valley consists of relatively ancient
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474:. In its passage through British Columbia its name is spelled
811:
saw the river in 1807, after a long and arduous journey from
799:
The first non-indigenous people to see the Pend Oreille were
596:). It is the fourth largest by discharge (after the Snake,
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418:
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Water Quality Assessment of Pend d'Oreille River at Waneta
1009:. These plans were later dropped with the construction of
454:, approximately 130 miles (209 km) long, in northern
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1281:"View of the Ice Dam at Maximum Stage: More Information"
63:
Map of the Pend Oreille River and its main tributaries.
1329:"Pend Oreille River Water Trail – Pend Oreille County"
1283:. Ice Age Floods Institute. 2003-12-09. Archived from
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Native people who lived along the river included the
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Fork is also considered a tributary, as is the Pack.
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The Pend Oreille River at the town of Metaline Falls
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796:lived just to the east of the Pend Oreille river.
1154:, The Columbia Gazetteer of North America. 2000.
691:sea that covered the region during that period.
631:. In the southwest the watershed borders on the
1050:The river is popular for boating and fishing.
519:, draining the lake from its western end near
974:Numerous dams upstream along the Clark Fork (
676:PeeWee Falls and the Pend Oreille River near
8:
1013:and a pumping plant on the Columbia River.
1135:elevation for mouth of Pend Oreille River.
767:, about 11,000-12,000 years ago. The name
346:167,000 cu ft/s (4,700 m/s)
316:, 34.3 miles (55.2 km) from the mouth
1427:Rivers of Pend Oreille County, Washington
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1160:
1083:List of tributaries of the Columbia River
1355:. San Francisco, CA: Comstock Editions.
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326:26,320 cu ft/s (745 m/s)
290:25,792 sq mi (66,800 km)
1123:elevation for GNIS source coordinates.
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1447:International rivers of North America
1432:Regional District of Central Kootenay
759:(considered as a single tribe by the
7:
1088:List of rivers of Washington (state)
1057:. The river is popular for boating,
1217:. U.S. Geological Survey. 1952–2013
1189:. U.S. Geological Survey. 1952–2013
588:to the Canada-U.S. border south of
336:82 cu ft/s (2.3 m/s)
1437:Regional District of East Kootenay
1093:List of rivers of British Columbia
872:. Other well-known craft included
478:. It drains a scenic area of the
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1412:Tributaries of the Columbia River
1270:, Ministry of Environment, Canada
1215:National Water Information System
1187:National Water Information System
1167:Seven Mile Project Water use Plan
963:, (Pend Oreille County PUD), and
507:The Pend Oreille River begins at
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1103:List of longest streams of Idaho
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1021:Variant names, according to the
726:smaller streams to back up into
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27:River, tributary of the Columbia
1422:Rivers of Bonner County, Idaho
1417:Dams on the Pend Oreille River
915:and Lake Pend Oreille, in the
535:in northeastern Washington at
527:from the north at the town of
231: • coordinates
154: • coordinates
1:
955:(B.C. Hydro) dams in Canada,
122:Physical characteristics
1407:Rivers of Washington (state)
623:and tributaries such as the
270: • elevation
193: • elevation
1351:Holbrook, Stewart (1990) .
1055:Pend Oreille County website
943:on the Pend Oreille River:
721:, a massive glacier of the
531:, then flows into southern
308: • location
219: • location
142: • location
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1397:Rivers of British Columbia
647:, two major chains of the
590:Montrose, British Columbia
466:, as well as southeastern
342: • maximum
332: • minimum
322: • average
274:1,371 ft (418 m)
197:2,064 ft (629 m)
36:Pend-d'Oreille, Clark Fork
573:North Fork Flathead River
486:, which rises in western
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282:130 mi (210 km)
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51:on the Pend Oreille River
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18:Pend d'Oreille River
761:Bureau of Indian Affairs
545:Colville National Forest
369: • right
1315:"Mill Pond Dam Project"
1098:List of rivers of Idaho
1236:"Pend-d'Oreille River"
1007:Columbia Basin Project
959:(Seattle City Light),
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253:49.00361°N 117.62028°W
176:48.23889°N 116.60694°W
1384:at Wikimedia Commons
1241:BC Geographical Names
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852:In the 19th century,
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784:(south) portion. The
728:Glacial Lake Missoula
723:Cordilleran Ice Sheet
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653:Rocky Mountain Trench
586:Glacier National Park
779:is thought to mean "
611:. On the south, the
513:Bonner County, Idaho
496:Columbia River Basin
476:Pend-d'Oreille River
258:49.00361; -117.62028
181:48.23889; -116.60694
927:River modifications
868:, built in 1887 at
533:Pend Oreille County
355:Basin features
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1266:2011-06-05 at the
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941:hydroelectric dams
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602:Willamette Rivers
541:Selkirk Mountains
509:Lake Pend Oreille
458:and northeastern
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1332:. Retrieved
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1289:. Retrieved
1285:the original
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1245:. Retrieved
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1219:. Retrieved
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1191:. Retrieved
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1140:
1133:Google Earth
1128:
1121:Google Earth
1116:
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1029:Conservation
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1003:Grand Coulee
1000:
996:Hungry Horse
980:Noxon Rapids
973:
965:Albeni Falls
949:Teck Cominco
938:
917:Priest River
902:
893:
886:Pend Oreille
885:
881:
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870:Albeni Falls
865:
858:Scandinavian
851:
847:World War II
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813:Saskatchewan
798:
776:
773:Pend Oreille
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768:
765:last ice age
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716:
682:
678:Boundary Dam
662:
625:Marias River
606:
582:The Columbia
581:
566:
529:Priest River
525:Priest River
506:
475:
394:
392:
382:Priest River
33:Pend Oreille
689:Precambrian
659:Tributaries
594:Snake River
386:Salmo River
360:Tributaries
256: /
244:117°37′13″W
179: /
167:116°36′25″W
1391:Categories
1334:2020-11-02
1291:2010-05-31
1247:2015-03-24
1221:2014-10-13
1193:2014-10-13
1169:, BC Hydro
1109:References
1046:Recreation
961:Box Canyon
953:Seven Mile
947:(owned by
905:floodplain
866:The Bertha
862:steamboats
696:batholiths
629:Milk River
484:Clark Fork
460:Washington
378:Pack River
374:Clark Fork
287:Basin size
164:48°14′20″N
92:Washington
969:megawatts
921:Sandpoint
569:watershed
563:Watershed
521:Sandpoint
448:tributary
299:Discharge
241:49°0′13″N
1264:Archived
1148:Archived
1061:See also
957:Boundary
894:Metaline
882:Metaline
838:smallpox
777:Kalispel
757:Kalispel
598:Kootenay
557:Montrose
102:Province
69:Location
878:Spokane
854:logging
794:Ktunaxa
747:History
741:Spokane
719:Ice Age
693:Granite
668:Geology
578:Alberta
547:, past
537:Newport
515:in the
488:Montana
462:in the
450:of the
446:) is a
74:Country
1359:
951:) and
945:Waneta
880:, and
805:beaver
792:. The
503:Course
472:Canada
363:
312:below
302:
279:Length
131:Source
82:Canada
1345:Books
1211:(PDF)
1183:(PDF)
1017:Names
781:camas
549:Tiger
456:Idaho
207:Mouth
147:Idaho
96:Idaho
88:State
1357:ISBN
1023:USGS
994:and
982:and
874:Ione
755:and
643:and
635:and
627:and
600:and
551:and
438:POND
393:The
112:City
988:SKQ
771:or
511:in
470:in
442:RAY
440:-ə-
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