247:, from which it is separated by a strait about 1 mile wide. Strong currents and tide rips exist in this channel which shoals to less than 1.8mi (1 nm) in the center of the channel at low tide. The bottom deepens steeply on the northwestern side of the channel. The Island is 8 miles long and about 4 miles wide opposite Bodman Point (Cape Bodman) on the northwestern coast; the ends on the island are about 2 miles wide. It is entirely snow-free and of remarkable appearance. The northern portion of the island is a high, level, extensive plateau which reaches an elevation of 591 feet. Below this smooth plateau are terraces containing valleys and small irregular knolls of hard rock.
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55:
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the island runs a strip of deeply diffracted land. The southwestern portion of the island offers an appearance in marked contrast with the smooth surface of the northern portion. The southern half of the island has a peculiar ribbed appearance, being low and deeply dissected with many low hills between the erosive lines. Low perpendicular rock cliffs border the shore line but there are many landing places where the gorges slope gradually to the sea.
597:(IUGS) in its assemblage of 100 'geological heritage sites' around the world in a listing published in October 2022. The organisation defines an 'IUGS Geological Heritage Site' as 'a key place with geological elements and/or processes of international scientific relevance, used as a reference, and/or with a substantial contribution to the development of geological sciences through history.'
2837:
978:. A ridge of exposed dark rock trending west-southwest – east.northeast, located 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km; 1.7 mi) north of Penguin Point in central Seymour Island. The descriptive name "Filo Negro" (black ridge) was applied to this feature in Argentine geological reports on the island in 1978. The approved name, jointly recommended by the United States
62:
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788:. A valley 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) long, trending northeast-southwest in the west part of Seymour Island. The feature was descriptively named "Quebrada Larga" (long valley) in Argentine geological reports and maps of 1978. The term valley has been substituted in place of "quebrada" in the approved name.
250:
A transverse valley, the bottom of which is not much above sea level, cuts through the island from east to west. This valley opens into Papua Beach (Penguin Bay) on the eastern shore, and into an unnamed bay on the opposite shore east of Bodman Point. From Papua Beach to the northeastern extremity of
480:
in the Gulf of Mexico. Directly above the boundary a layer of disarticulated fish fossils occurs, victims of a disturbed ecosystem immediately following the impact event. Multiple reports have described evidence for climatic changes in
Antarctica prior to the mass extinction, but the extent to which
351:
temperature feeling to as low as −60 °C (−76 °F) on exposed skin. On 9 February 2020, a temperature of 20.75 °C (69.3 °F) was recorded on the island. However, on 1 July 2021, the World
Meteorological Organization invalidated the reading because based on the analysis of the data,
1032:. A valley 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) long in a northwest–southeast direction, cutting through the mid-part of Seymour Island. Discovered by the SwedAE under Otto Nordenskjöld, 1901-04, and named Querthal (cross valley) because of the transverse alignment of the valley.
1449:
1070:. A bight on the southeast coast of Seymour Island, northward of Penguin Point. The feature was named "Pinguinbucht" (Penguin Bay) from the large penguin rookery observed there by the SwedAE, 1901-04. The term bight is considered appropriate for this feature.
1112:
in
January 1843, but the cape was not adequately surveyed until 1902-03 when the Swedish expedition under Otto Nordenskjöld wintered in the area. Named by UK-APC after C. Wiman, who worked on the Seymour Island fossils collected by the Swedish expedition.
1151:. A cove at the northeast end of Seymour Island, southeast of Cape Wiman. The cove was named "Caleta Oviedo" in 1979 after an Argentine sailor who died in the Antarctic. Applied by the names commission, Argentine Ministry of Defense.
592:
In respect of the site being the 'most representative high latitude K-Pg boundary location and one of the most significant and best exposed globally' the 'Cretaceous-Paleogene
Transition at Seymour (Marambio) Island' was included by the
346:
The average temperatures on
Seymour Island, as measured at Base Antárctica Marambio, are 1 °C (33.8 °F) during the summer and −21 °C (−5.8 °F) during the winter. In the wintertime, however, strong winds can lower the
2144:
2109:
200:. Graham Land is the closest part of Antarctica to South America. It lies within the section of the island chain that resides off the west side of the peninsula's northernmost tip. Within that section, it is separated from
2177:
876:. A bay between Bodman Point and Cape Wiman on the north side of Seymour Island. The name appears on Argentine navy charts from 1957 and recalls J. López de Bertodano, chief engineer in the Argentine corvette
1812:
Reguero, Marcelo A.; Marenssi, Sergio A.; Santillana, Sergio N. (May 2002). "Antarctic
Peninsula and South America (Patagonia) Paleogene terrestrial faunas and environments: biogeographic relationships".
562:
was found on
Seymour Island in 1982. This was the first evidence of land mammals having lived in Antarctica. Further fossils have subsequently been found, including members of the marsupial orders
746:. A shallow recession in the north coast of Seymour Island, 1 nautical mile (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) north-northeast of Cape Lamas. The feature was called "Fossil Bay" or "Bahia Fósiles" by
1876:
Goin, F.J.; Reguero, M.A.; Pascual, R.; von
Koenigswald, W.; Woodburne, M.O.; Case, J.A.; Marenssi, S.A.; Vieytes, C.; Vizcaíno, S.F. (2006). "First gondwanatherian mammal from Antarctica".
1487:
Elliot, D.H.; Askin, R.A.; Kyte, F.T.; Zinsmeister, W.J. (1994). "Iridium and dinocysts at the
Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary on Seymour Island, Antarctica: Implications for the K-T event".
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who landed on the island in 1892 and 1893. Recharted by the SwedAE under Otto
Nordenskjöld, 1901-04, who so named it because a large penguin colony was found there.
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54:
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SAWB) for wheeled landing the whole year. In winter the base has an average of 55 crew members, but in summer the population of the base can grow to 180.
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708:, 1953-54, after Guardiamarina (Midshipman) Lamas, of the Argentine Navy, who died aboard the trawler Fournier off Tierra del Fuego in September 1949.
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Seymour Island has been a site of study of many fossils from this particular part of the Eocene Epoch, during which there was a more flourishing
1667:"First fossil frog from Antarctica: implications for Eocene high latitude climate conditions and Gondwanan cosmopolitanism of Australobatrachia"
1331:
508:
decrease in temperature over the Eocene Epoch, the middle of the epoch was punctuated by a brief duration of warming (Bohaty and Zachos, 2003).
300:
The cairn was erected in January 1990 by Argentina at the site of the plaque in commemoration of the same event. The site has been designated a
1639:
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1392:
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750:(USARP) and Argentine researchers because of fossils found here in 1982. The generic term bight is considered appropriate to this feature
2884:
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835:
826:. Rocky point which is situated centrally on the northwest coast of Seymour Island in the James Ross Island group. First surveyed by the
932:. A point located centrally along the south shore of Seymour Island. The point was possibly seen in 1843 by a British expedition under
271:
stand at Penguins Bay, on the southern coast of Seymour Island. The plaque was placed on 10 November 1903 by the crew of the Argentinian
1298:
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983:
834:, 1901-04, who named it Cape Bodman after Doctor Gosta Bodman, hydrographer and meteorologist with the expedition. Resurveyed by the
1281:
1856:
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1450:"Discovery of fish mortality horizon at the K-T Boundary on Seymour Island: Re-evaluation of events at the end of the Cretaceous"
1180:
352:
the air temperature was recorded in non-standard conditions, leading to bias and errors in the temperature sensor and readings.
2376:
469:
373:
35:
897:
705:
103:
1640:"Middle Eocene Warming On Seymour Island, Antarctica: Continental Shelf Paleotemperatures Recorded In Molluscan Carbonates"
1414:(Weller, 1903), from Antarctica: historical review, and transfer of specimens from the United States Polar Rock Repository"
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1165:
465:
2791:
2889:
2697:
827:
430:
281:
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2399:
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400:, due to the unparalleled insight it provides into the geological and palaeontological history of the continent.
177:
1524:"End-Cretaceous extinction in Antarctica linked to both Deccan volcanism and meteorite impact via climate change"
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This article is about the island near the Antarctic Peninsula. For the island in Canada's Nunavut Territory, see
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anomaly occurs at the boundary on Seymour Island, as at lower latitudes, thought to be fallout from the
1919:
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1885:
1822:
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Woodburne, Michael O.; Zinsmeister, William J. (October 1982). "Fossil Land Mammal from Antarctica".
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A depot of provisions was placed by Nordenskjold in 1903 at a cairn in the valley behind Penguin Bay.
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700:. The southwest point of Seymour Island. The cape was named by the command of the Argentine ship
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389:
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838:(FIDS) in 1952. Point is considered a more suitable descriptive term for this feature than cape.
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1901:
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1581:"Macrofossil evidence for a rapid and severe Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction in Antarctica"
1108:. A low, rocky cape marking the north extremity of Seymour Island. Probably first seen by Sir
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Witts, JD; Whittle, RJ; Wignall, PB; Crame, JA; Francis, JE; Newton, RJ; Bowman, VC (2016).
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296:(Argentine Navy) in its journey to give assistance to the Swedish Antarctic expedition”.
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Goin, Francisco J.; et al. (December 1999). "New Discoveries of "Opposum [
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Epoch of climatic cooling, a process that culminated in the initiation of Antarctic
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collections from Seymour Island, recent work has confirmed that a single and severe
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1332:"WMO verifies one temperature record for Antarctic continent and rejects another"
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441:, and he and his crew were forced to weather fourteen months on the neighboring
417:, on Seymour Island, he returned with more than maps of the territory, he found
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2122:
Sailing Directions for Antarctica: Includes Islands South of Latitude 60.̊
288:. The inscription on the plaque, placed where the two parties met, reads:
2599:
2480:
1777:]-Like" Marsupials from Antarctica (Seymour Island, Medial Eocene)".
571:
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481:
these affected marine biodiversity is debated. Based on extensive marine
450:
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272:
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event occurred at this time in Antarctica just as at lower latitudes.
192:, is an island in the chain of 16 major islands around the tip of the
493:
482:
404:
365:
608:
1259:
223:, taking its resident Argentine base as its namesake (see section,
1236:"List of Historic Sites and Monuments approved by the ATCM (2012)"
548:
544:
268:
1299:"Antarctic temperature rises above 20C for first time on record"
2159:
433:
journey between 1901 and 1904. During that trip, his ship, the
468:(K-Pg) crops out on Seymour Island in the upper levels of the
1509:
10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0675:IADATC>2.3.CO;2
500:. Studies of the fine fraction carbonate from sites in the
492:
Seymour Island has also been the site of much study of the
523:
species has been studied on the island, including extinct
204:
by Picnic Passage, and sits just east of the larger key,
1665:
Mörs, Thomas; Reguero, Marcelo; Vasilyan, Davit (2020).
1354:"WMO verifies highest temperatures for Antarctic Region"
360:
The rocks making up Seymour Island date mainly from the
1408:
Babcock, L. E.; Feldmann, R. M.; Grunow, A. M. (2024).
519:
as a result of the warmer climate. A diverse array of
2789:
2094:(2 ed.), United States Board on Geographic Names
880:
during the rescue of the shipwrecked SwedAE in 1903.
392:(Eocene). Seymour Island has been referred to as the
1849:
Exploring Polar Frontiers: A Historical Encyclopedia
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304:(HSM 60), following a proposal by Argentina to the
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158:
144:
134:
97:
87:
82:
1522:Petersen, S.V.; Dutton, A.; Lohmann, K.C. (2016).
1815:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
1634:
1632:
1878:Geological Society, London, Special Publications
1334:. World Meteorological Organization. 1 July 2021
888:Eastern features, from south to north, include:
662:Western features, from south to north, include:
1387:. University of California Press. p. 150.
241:
1920:"The First 100 IUGS Geological Heritage Sites"
1443:
1441:
2171:
224:
8:
1927:IUGS International Commission on Geoheritage
574:and a member of the enigmatic extinct order
239:(1976) describes Seymour Island as follows:
43:
429:was significantly more successful than his
2900:Historic Sites and Monuments of Antarctica
2187:Historic Sites and Monuments in Antarctica
2178:
2164:
2156:
986:(UK-APC) in 1991, avoids duplication with
595:International Union of Geological Sciences
280:on a mission to rescue the members of the
181:Geologic map of Seymour Island, Antarctica
42:
1698:
1612:
1555:
1429:
1212:ESA Science & Technology: Graham Land
2895:First 100 IUGS Geological Heritage Sites
2290:Pole of Inaccessibility research station
1171:List of Antarctic islands south of 60° S
748:United States Antarctic Research Program
176:
2796:
2149:National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
2114:United States Board on Geographic Names
2067:
2055:
2043:
2031:
2019:
2007:
1995:
1983:
1971:
1959:
1947:
1192:
208:, and its smaller, neighboring island,
2870:Islands of the James Ross Island group
61:
980:Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names
936:, and was roughly charted by Captain
457:, the island has been the subject of
306:Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting
243:Seymour Island lies northeastward of
7:
1297:Watts, Jonathan (13 February 2020).
1241:. Antarctic Treaty Secretariat. 2012
836:Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey
2905:Paleontological sites of Antarctica
215:Seymour Island is sometimes called
2147:from websites or documents of the
2112:from websites or documents of the
984:UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee
425:species. Larsen's trip aboard the
25:
2088:Geographic Names of the Antarctic
1410:"Cretaceous–Palaeogene lobsters,
1358:World Meteorological Organization
613:Copernix annotated satellite view
237:Sailing Directions for Antarctica
2847:
2835:
2823:
2811:
2799:
2143: This article incorporates
2138:
2108: This article incorporates
2103:
1181:Territorial claims in Antarctica
607:
235:The US Defense Mapping Agency's
60:
53:
453:. Ever since his voyage on the
36:Seymour Island (disambiguation)
2085:Alberts, Fred G., ed. (1995),
1779:Journal of Mammalian Evolution
1360:. 1 March 2017. Archived from
898:Penguin Point (Seymour Island)
706:Argentine Antarctic Expedition
1:
2046:, p. 566, Penguin Bight.
2010:, p. 566, Penguin Point.
1898:10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.258.01.10
1835:10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00417-5
1385:The History of Modern Whaling
1166:Composite Antarctic Gazetteer
588:IUGS geological heritage site
466:Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary
322:Located in the island is the
1744:10.1126/science.218.4569.284
828:Swedish Antarctic Expedition
504:suggest that, rather than a
472:. A small (but significant)
470:López de Bertodano Formation
431:Swedish Antarctic Expedition
374:López de Bertodano Formation
372:found on the island are the
368:. Successively younger rock
356:Paleontological significance
2885:Chilean Antarctic Territory
2880:British Antarctic Territory
2129:. Hydrographic Center, 1976
1383:Tønnessen, Joh. N. (1982).
652:GPX (secondary coordinates)
543:class and various types of
2921:
2580:Bernardo O'Higgins Station
1691:10.1038/s41598-020-61973-5
1448:Zinsmeister, W.J. (1998).
1161:Snow Hill Island Formation
895:
539:), various species in the
437:, was crushed and sunk by
315:
29:
2688:Antarctic Treaty Monument
1466:10.1017/S0022336000024331
647:GPX (primary coordinates)
622:Map all coordinates using
302:Historic Site or Monument
171:
149:
48:
2708:Henryk Arctowski Station
2377:A.B. Dobrowolski Station
630:Download coordinates as:
536:Archaeospheniscus wimani
530:Palaeeudyptes klekowskii
312:Base Antárctica Marambio
225:Base Antárctica Marambio
32:Seymour Island (Nunavut)
2318:Princess Elizabeth Land
1791:10.1023/A:1027357927460
1454:Journal of Paleontology
1431:10.33265/polar.v43.9866
1223:Sailing Directions 1976
1201:Antarctic Treaty System
1199:Administered under the
334:operating an airfield (
221:Seymour-Marambio Island
139:James Ross Island group
2145:public domain material
2127:Defense Mapping Agency
2110:public domain material
1847:Mills, William James.
558:of the extinct family
403:In December 1892 when
386:Cross Valley Formation
298:
256:
182:
34:. For other uses, see
1585:Nature Communications
1528:Nature Communications
642:GPX (all coordinates)
411:landed his ship, the
376:(Cretaceous to early
290:
180:
2875:Argentine Antarctica
2466:Inexpressible Island
1260:Antarctic facilities
581:Sudamerica ameghinoi
551:, including a frog.
27:Island in Antarctica
2890:Cenozoic Antarctica
2693:Arturo Prat Station
2509:Hut Point Peninsula
2300:Mac. Robertson Land
2272:Proclamation Island
2221:Belgrano II Station
1890:2006GSLSP.258..135G
1827:2002PPP...179..189R
1736:1982Sci...218..284W
1683:2020NatSR..10.5051M
1605:10.1038/ncomms11738
1597:2016NatCo...711738W
1548:10.1038/ncomms12079
1540:2016NatCo...712079P
1501:1994Geo....22..675E
1364:on 18 December 2023
1135: /
1092: /
1054: /
1016: /
962: /
916: /
860: /
810: /
772: /
730: /
684: /
390:La Meseta Formation
198:Antarctic Peninsula
115: /
74:Antarctic Peninsula
45:
2698:Great Wall Station
2645:San Martin Station
2461:Hells Gate Moraine
2244:Humboldt Mountains
1851:, ABC-CLIO, 2003.
1671:Scientific Reports
1412:Hoploparia stokesi
1284:2013-12-03 at the
1265:2008-04-24 at the
982:(US-ACAN) and the
478:Chicxulub impactor
326:which is the main
282:Swedish expedition
231:Sailing directions
183:
2787:
2786:
2771:Stonington Island
2660:Stonington Island
2620:Metchnikoff Point
2595:Esperanza Station
2395:Débarquement Rock
2249:Schirmacher Oasis
2125:, United States.
1865:978-1-57607-422-0
1730:(4569): 284–286.
1646:on 21 August 2008
1394:978-0-520-03973-5
1139:64.217°S 56.583°W
1096:64.217°S 56.633°W
1058:64.267°S 56.650°W
1020:64.267°S 56.700°W
992:Deep Freeze Range
966:64.283°S 56.717°W
938:Carl Anton Larsen
920:64.317°S 56.717°W
864:64.250°S 56.733°W
832:Otto Nordenskjöld
814:64.233°S 56.800°W
776:64.283°S 56.817°W
734:64.300°S 56.867°W
688:64.317°S 56.900°W
527:species (such as
409:Carl Anton Larsen
286:Otto Nordenskiöld
206:James Ross Island
175:
174:
119:64.233°S 56.617°W
16:(Redirected from
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2851:
2840:
2839:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2816:
2815:
2814:
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2803:
2795:
2655:Snow Hill Island
2615:Megalestris Hill
2605:Horseshoe Island
2534:Observation Hill
2499:Shackleton's Hut
2354:Buromskiy Island
2239:Dakshin Gangotri
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1821:(3–4): 189–210.
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1642:. Archived from
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1371:
1369:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1294:
1288:
1276:
1270:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1240:
1232:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1209:
1203:
1197:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1144:-64.217; -56.583
1140:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1110:James Clark Ross
1107:
1106:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1101:-64.217; -56.633
1097:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1063:-64.267; -56.650
1059:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1026:
1025:-64.267; -56.700
1021:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1009:
977:
976:
974:
973:
972:
971:-64.283; -56.717
967:
963:
960:
959:
958:
955:
934:James Clark Ross
931:
930:
928:
927:
926:
925:-64.317; -56.717
921:
917:
914:
913:
912:
909:
884:Eastern features
875:
874:
872:
871:
870:
869:-64.250; -56.733
865:
861:
858:
857:
856:
853:
825:
824:
822:
821:
820:
819:-64.233; -56.800
815:
811:
808:
807:
806:
803:
787:
786:
784:
783:
782:
781:-64.283; -56.817
777:
773:
770:
769:
768:
765:
745:
744:
742:
741:
740:
739:-64.300; -56.867
735:
731:
728:
727:
726:
723:
699:
698:
696:
695:
694:
693:-64.317; -56.900
689:
685:
682:
681:
680:
677:
611:
601:Western features
443:Snow Hill Island
388:(Paleocene) and
382:Sobral Formation
245:Snow Hill Island
202:Snow Hill Island
130:
129:
127:
126:
125:
124:-64.233; -56.617
120:
116:
113:
112:
111:
108:
64:
63:
57:
46:
21:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2846:
2834:
2824:
2822:
2812:
2810:
2798:
2790:
2788:
2783:
2765:
2747:
2703:Half Moon Beach
2680:South Shetlands
2674:
2665:Waterboat Point
2625:Paradise Harbor
2590:Detaille Island
2566:
2554:Edward VII Land
2548:
2519:McMurdo Station
2475:
2427:
2409:
2381:
2363:
2346:Queen Mary Land
2340:
2336:Walkabout Rocks
2312:
2294:
2276:
2258:
2231:Queen Maud Land
2225:
2207:
2189:
2184:
2154:
2139:
2132:
2130:
2119:
2104:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2074:
2066:
2062:
2054:
2050:
2042:
2038:
2030:
2026:
2018:
2014:
2006:
2002:
1994:
1990:
1982:
1978:
1970:
1966:
1958:
1954:
1946:
1942:
1932:
1930:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1846:
1842:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1649:
1647:
1638:
1637:
1630:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1447:
1446:
1439:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1395:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1367:
1365:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1337:
1335:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1315:
1313:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1286:Wayback Machine
1277:
1273:
1267:Wayback Machine
1258:
1254:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1221:
1217:
1210:
1206:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1157:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1002:
1000:
970:
968:
964:
961:
956:
953:
951:
949:
948:
946:
944:Blackrock Ridge
924:
922:
918:
915:
910:
907:
905:
903:
902:
900:
894:
886:
868:
866:
862:
859:
854:
851:
849:
847:
846:
844:
830:(SwedAE) under
818:
816:
812:
809:
804:
801:
799:
797:
796:
794:
780:
778:
774:
771:
766:
763:
761:
759:
758:
756:
738:
736:
732:
729:
724:
721:
719:
717:
716:
714:
692:
690:
686:
683:
678:
675:
673:
671:
670:
668:
660:
659:
658:
657:
656:
617:
616:
615:
603:
590:
564:Didelphimorphia
487:mass extinction
459:paleontological
445:, surviving on
362:Late Cretaceous
358:
344:
320:
314:
261:
233:
217:Marambio Island
190:Marambio Island
154:
123:
121:
117:
114:
109:
106:
104:
102:
101:
78:
77:
76:
75:
72:
71:
70:
69:
65:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2918:
2916:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2856:
2844:
2832:
2830:Earth sciences
2820:
2808:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2775:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2757:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2743:Yankee Harbour
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2684:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2650:Seymour Island
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2576:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2562:Scott Nunataks
2558:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2485:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2437:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2419:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2391:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2373:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2350:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2333:
2331:Vostok Station
2328:
2322:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2310:
2304:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2286:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2268:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2235:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2217:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2199:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2160:
2153:
2152:
2117:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2070:, p. 550.
2060:
2058:, p. 818.
2048:
2036:
2034:, p. 163.
2024:
2012:
2000:
1988:
1976:
1974:, p. 418.
1964:
1962:, p. 253.
1952:
1950:, p. 413.
1940:
1911:
1884:(1): 135–144.
1868:
1840:
1804:
1785:(4): 335–365.
1765:
1714:
1657:
1628:
1571:
1514:
1479:
1460:(3): 556–571.
1437:
1418:Polar Research
1413:
1400:
1393:
1375:
1345:
1323:
1289:
1271:
1252:
1227:
1225:, p. 325.
1215:
1204:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1156:
1153:
1118:
1115:
1075:
1072:
1037:
1034:
999:
996:
945:
942:
896:Main article:
893:
890:
885:
882:
843:
840:
793:
790:
755:
752:
713:
710:
667:
664:
655:
654:
649:
644:
639:
633:
627:
620:
619:
618:
606:
605:
604:
602:
599:
589:
586:
576:Gondwanatheria
568:Microbiotheria
566:(opossum) and
502:Southern Ocean
357:
354:
343:
340:
316:Main article:
313:
310:
260:
257:
232:
229:
186:Seymour Island
173:
172:
169:
168:
165:
161:
160:
156:
155:
150:
147:
146:
145:Administration
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
80:
79:
73:
68:Seymour Island
67:
66:
59:
58:
52:
51:
50:
49:
44:Seymour Island
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2917:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2831:
2821:
2819:
2809:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2793:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2753:South Orkneys
2750:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2723:Pendulum Cove
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2671:
2670:Winter Island
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2630:Paulet Island
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2610:Lambda Island
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2504:Discovery Hut
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2472:
2471:Mount Dockery
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2451:Cape Wadworth
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2433:Victoria Land
2430:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2415:George V Land
2412:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2400:Petrel Island
2398:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2384:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2360:
2359:Mirny Station
2357:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2326:Tryne Islands
2324:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2255:
2254:Showa Station
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2181:
2176:
2174:
2169:
2167:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2150:
2146:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2090:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2069:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2028:
2025:
2022:, p. 71.
2021:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2004:
2001:
1998:, p. 63.
1997:
1992:
1989:
1986:, p. 76.
1985:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1941:
1928:
1921:
1915:
1912:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1857:1-57607-422-6
1854:
1850:
1844:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1808:
1805:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1769:
1766:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1718:
1715:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1661:
1658:
1645:
1641:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1575:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1518:
1515:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1483:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1432:
1427:
1424:(9866): 1–5.
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1404:
1401:
1396:
1390:
1386:
1379:
1376:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1349:
1346:
1333:
1327:
1324:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1279:official page
1275:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1261:
1256:
1253:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1196:
1193:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1105:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1036:Penguin Bight
1035:
1033:
1029:
997:
995:
993:
989:
985:
981:
975:
943:
941:
939:
935:
929:
899:
892:Penguin Point
891:
889:
883:
881:
879:
873:
842:Bertodano Bay
841:
839:
837:
833:
829:
823:
791:
789:
785:
753:
751:
749:
743:
711:
709:
707:
703:
697:
665:
663:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
634:
632:
631:
626:
625:OpenStreetMap
623:
614:
610:
600:
598:
596:
587:
585:
583:
582:
577:
573:
570:, as well as
569:
565:
561:
560:Polydolopidae
557:
552:
550:
546:
542:
538:
537:
532:
531:
526:
522:
518:
515:with diverse
514:
509:
507:
503:
499:
495:
490:
488:
484:
479:
475:
471:
467:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
415:
410:
406:
401:
399:
398:palaeontology
396:of Antarctic
395:
394:Rosetta Stone
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
355:
353:
350:
341:
339:
337:
333:
329:
325:
324:Marambio Base
319:
318:Marambio Base
311:
309:
307:
303:
297:
295:
289:
287:
283:
279:
278:
274:
270:
266:
259:Historic site
258:
255:
252:
248:
246:
240:
238:
230:
228:
226:
222:
218:
213:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
179:
170:
166:
162:
157:
153:
148:
143:
140:
137:
133:
128:
100:
96:
93:
90:
86:
81:
56:
47:
41:
37:
33:
19:
18:Penguin Bight
2713:Lame Dog Hut
2649:
2640:Port Lockroy
2635:Port Charcot
2529:Mount Erebus
2489:Cape Crozier
2446:Cape Geology
2423:Cape Denison
2264:Enderby Land
2131:, retrieved
2121:
2096:, retrieved
2087:
2068:Alberts 1995
2063:
2056:Alberts 1995
2051:
2044:Alberts 1995
2039:
2032:Alberts 1995
2027:
2020:Alberts 1995
2015:
2008:Alberts 1995
2003:
1996:Alberts 1995
1991:
1984:Alberts 1995
1979:
1972:Alberts 1995
1967:
1960:Alberts 1995
1955:
1948:Alberts 1995
1943:
1931:. Retrieved
1926:
1914:
1881:
1877:
1871:
1848:
1843:
1818:
1814:
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1648:. Retrieved
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998:Cross Valley
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792:Bodman Point
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754:Larga Valley
715:
712:Fossil Bight
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159:Demographics
151:
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2806:Environment
2738:Whalers Bay
2733:Potter Cove
2718:Maxwell Bay
2585:Damoy Point
2572:Graham Land
2544:Scott's Hut
2524:Mount Betty
2456:Foyn Island
2405:Port Martin
2387:Adélie Land
2369:Wilkes Land
1933:10 November
1677:(1): 5051.
1368:13 February
1316:13 February
1269:– comnap.aq
1142: /
1117:Oviedo Cove
1099: /
1061: /
1023: /
988:Black Ridge
969: /
923: /
867: /
817: /
779: /
737: /
691: /
578:, possibly
210:Vega Island
194:Graham Land
135:Archipelago
122: /
98:Coordinates
2864:Categories
2761:Scotia Bay
2728:Point Wild
2539:Scott Base
2494:Cape Evans
2441:Cape Adare
2308:Cape Bruce
2213:Coats Land
2203:South Pole
2195:South Pole
2098:3 December
1650:9 February
1495:(8): 675.
1187:References
1074:Cape Wiman
702:Chiriguano
666:Cape Lamas
521:fossilized
498:glaciation
370:formations
349:wind chill
332:Antarctica
227:, below).
164:Population
92:Antarctica
2818:Geography
2779:East Base
2514:Lewis Bay
2282:Kemp Land
1906:129493664
1591:: 11738.
1534:: 12079.
1474:132206016
1311:0261-3077
1245:4 January
572:ungulates
556:marsupial
554:A fossil
513:ecosystem
506:monotonic
435:Antarctic
407:Captain,
405:Norwegian
378:Paleocene
328:Argentine
267:and rock
263:A wooden
83:Geography
2600:Hope Bay
2481:Ross Sea
1760:32304737
1752:17838631
1709:32327670
1623:27226414
1566:27377632
1282:Archived
1263:Archived
1155:See also
541:bivalvia
447:penguins
439:icebergs
421:of long-
330:base in
273:Corvette
88:Location
2854:Weather
2792:Portals
2078:Sources
1886:Bibcode
1823:Bibcode
1799:2319361
1732:Bibcode
1724:Science
1700:7181706
1679:Bibcode
1614:4894978
1593:Bibcode
1557:4935969
1536:Bibcode
1497:Bibcode
1489:Geology
1130:56°35′W
1127:64°13′S
1087:56°38′W
1084:64°13′S
1049:56°39′W
1046:64°16′S
1011:56°42′W
1008:64°16′S
990:in the
957:56°43′W
954:64°17′S
911:56°43′W
908:64°19′S
878:Uruguay
855:56°44′W
852:64°15′S
805:56°48′W
802:64°14′S
767:56°49′W
764:64°17′S
725:56°52′W
722:64°18′S
704:of the
679:56°54′W
676:64°19′S
525:penguin
474:iridium
461:study.
423:extinct
419:fossils
364:to the
342:Climate
294:Uruguay
284:led by
277:Uruguay
196:on the
110:56°37′W
107:64°14′S
2133:30 May
1929:. IUGS
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1338:3 July
1309:
494:Eocene
483:fossil
366:Eocene
265:plaque
2842:Water
2092:(PDF)
1923:(PDF)
1902:S2CID
1795:S2CID
1756:S2CID
1470:S2CID
1239:(PDF)
549:fauna
545:flora
517:biota
455:Jason
451:seals
427:Jason
414:Jason
269:cairn
2135:2024
2100:2023
1935:2022
1861:ISBN
1853:ISBN
1748:PMID
1705:PMID
1652:2007
1619:PMID
1562:PMID
1389:ISBN
1370:2020
1340:2021
1318:2020
1307:ISSN
1247:2014
1176:SCAR
547:and
533:and
464:The
449:and
384:and
336:ICAO
152:None
1894:doi
1882:258
1831:doi
1819:179
1787:doi
1775:sic
1740:doi
1728:218
1695:PMC
1687:doi
1609:PMC
1601:doi
1552:PMC
1544:doi
1505:doi
1462:doi
1426:doi
637:KML
380:),
219:or
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