620:, set during World War II, he describes a morada: "...little wooden building with a cross on the roof. It looked very old and weathered, with no windows and a chain and padlock on the door." This makes the protagonist question whether the owner is a Penitente, whom he describes thus: "The Penitentes were a sort of outlaw branch of the Catholics who took everything very seriously, especially Good Friday. They'd pick a member of the church to play Jesus every year. He'd carry a cross while his friends all whipped him with rawhide and cactus and then they'd crucify him. In recent years they just tied him to a cross and left him all day in the sun. A hundred years ago they did the job right, with nails."
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Although there is great variability regarding candidacy for
Brotherhood membership, usually novices come from Penitente families and ideally, only those of known background and conviction are chosen to undergo the initiation. New candidates express their desire for novitiate status by application to
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The modern embodiment of the
Brotherhood began in the middle of the 20th century with the reconciliation between the Brotherhood and the Church. In June 1946, Miguel Archibeque began his first term as the Brotherhood's first Hermano Supremo Arzobispal (Archiepiscopal Supreme Brother). His first
514:. By this time, membership had declined markedly since the turn of the century, but the Brotherhood continued to perform a modified form of religious rituals and to pursue its commitment to acts of community charity. In June 1953, Miguel Archibeque was replaced by Roman Aranda of
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The men in those communities eventually came together in the absence of a priest and dedicated themselves to the purpose of providing mutual aid, community charity and to memorialize the spirit of the penance and the
Passion of Christ. They gathered in meeting houses known as
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of intention. After a thorough investigation of the petitioner's life and motives, he receives elaborate instruction in the
Brotherhood's regulations and rituals. If he passes an examination on this material, he is allowed to present himself, together with a sponsor, at the
437:. They failed, however, to replace the missionaries with an equal number of priests, depriving many secluded communities of a resident clergyman. Accordingly, many of those small communities could expect only a once-yearly visit from a
502:, unsuccessfully attempted to suppress the brotherhood in the latter part of the 19th century as a part of the "Americanization" of the Church in New Mexico, driving its membership underground, with some seeking refuge in
593:(1997) features Penitente characters and rituals as part of a murder mystery set in northern New Mexico. Everett also utilizes Penitente characters for his short story "Warm and Nicely Buried" from his collection
518:. Aranda served for one year and was replaced by Archibeque in June 1954. Archibeque served the Brotherhood until 1960 when he was replaced by the third Hermano Supremo Arzobispal, M. Santos Melendez, of
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395:(religious promise). It is also thought that the eldest son of a Penitente father "automatically" joined the Brotherhood at the age of eighteen to honor and obey his parents.
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door for the actual rite of initiation. Aspirants might apply for admission to the
Brotherhood after mature thought, as a matter of course, or as the result of a vow or
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548:, the Penitentes are shown in a video at a school, which causes the class to laugh at their rituals. They are also compared to savages in the 1946 foreword by
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term lasted 7 years and it was during this term in
January 1947 that the Brotherhood was officially recognized and sanctioned as an organization by Archbishop
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Espinosa, J. Manuel. "The origin of the penitentes of New Mexico: separating fact from fiction."
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Pentitetes "crucifying" one of their own in a ritual in an undisclosed New Mexico location, 1888
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combines old footage of the
Penitente's ritual flagellation with new footage about a murder.
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607:(2022) takes place in New Mexico and heavily features Penitente characters and rituals.
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depicts an anthropologist who studies the
Penitentes and eventually joins them.
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453:. Los Penitentes were perhaps best known for their songs of worship, called
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The
Penitente Brotherhood: Patriarchy and Hispano-Catholicism in New Mexico
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of the Pious
Fraternity of Our Father Jesus the Nazarene'), also known as
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751:"The Lash of the Penitentes/Fun Facts - The Grindhouse Cinema Database"
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Los Hermanos de la Fraternidad Piadosa de Nuestro Padre JesĂşs Nazareno
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included references and scenes of the Penitentes and their ritual.
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the Hermano Mayor, the secretary, or some other official of the
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The Brotherhood began in the early 19th century. Following
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Chavez, Fray Angelico. "The Penitentes of New Mexico."
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Northern and Central New Mexico and southern Colorado
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152:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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811:Aranda, Charles (1974) The Penitente Papers.
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885:History of Catholicism in the United States
522:, who continues to serve in this capacity.
313:Brotherhood of our Father Jesus of Nazareth
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
230:Learn how and when to remove this message
212:Learn how and when to remove this message
110:Learn how and when to remove this message
640:La Morada de Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe
430:from its provinces, replacing them with
73:This article includes a list of general
818:(Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002).
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910:Spanish-American culture in New Mexico
691:. Chatto&Windus. pp. 132–133.
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900:Secret societies in the United States
726:"THE LASH OF THE PENITENTES | BAMPFA"
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905:Spanish-American culture in Colorado
843:Brothers of Light, Brothers of Blood
555:The 1936 roadshow exploitation film
481:which ended with the reenactment of
260:Regions with significant populations
150:adding citations to reliable sources
79:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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34:This article has multiple issues.
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16:Roman Catholic lay group, 1820s-
465:practices, which included self-
411:in 1821, Church authorities in
137:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
890:Mexican-American organizations
663:Death Comes for the Archbishop
579:titled his book on New Mexico
536:Death Comes for the Archbishop
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776:"Article | First Things"
469:in private ceremonies during
823:New Mexico Historical Review
806:The Penitentes of New Mexico
161:"Penitentes" New Mexico
591:The Body of Martin Aguilera
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875:Catholic lay organisations
830:Catholic historical review
755:www.grindhousedatabase.com
630:Flagellant confraternities
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856:Los Hermanos Penitentes
808:(Sunstone Press, 2006).
702:Huxley, Aldous (1946).
685:Huxley, Aldous (1932).
500:Jean Baptiste Salpointe
94:more precise citations.
832:79#3 (1993): 454-477.
558:Lash of the Penitentes
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860:Catholic Encyclopedia
804:De Aragon, Ray John.
516:Las Vegas, New Mexico
814:Carroll, Michael P.
782:on December 31, 2012
601:Kirstin Valdez Quade
483:Christ’s crucifixion
405:Mexican independence
330:of Spanish-American
146:improve this article
498:and his successor,
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895:New Mexico culture
642:, Taos, New Mexico
635:Order of Penitents
617:Red Sky at Morning
496:Jean Baptiste Lamy
581:My Penitente Land
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710:. pp.
487:Good Friday
475:processions
321:Brotherhood
92:introducing
869:Categories
730:bampfa.org
661:"Notes on
647:References
603:’s novel
568:(1945) by
564:The novel
493:Archbishop
417:Franciscan
365:Membership
343:New Mexico
243:Penitentes
172:newspapers
75:references
39:improve it
670:5 October
589:’s novel
566:Dayspring
479:Holy Week
421:Dominican
353:, called
319:Penitente
270:Religions
202:June 2016
100:June 2016
45:talk page
834:in JSTOR
760:19 March
735:19 March
624:See also
597:(2004).
457:alabados
441:priest.
351:churches
347:Colorado
336:Northern
332:Catholic
316:and the
296:Brothers
276:Catholic
858:at the
845:(2007).
526:Culture
477:during
463:ascetic
449:moradas
435:priests
432:secular
399:History
391:promesa
357:moradas
340:Central
323:, is a
294:: 'The
292:Spanish
186:scholar
88:improve
614:novel
473:, and
439:parish
425:Jesuit
413:Mexico
383:morada
374:morada
310:, the
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77:, but
575:Fray
409:Spain
407:from
193:JSTOR
179:books
788:2012
762:2021
737:2021
712:7–14
672:2020
471:Lent
423:and
338:and
165:news
485:on
325:lay
148:by
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