553:
839:
923:
378:
637:
1045:. Scientists who study these insects have occasionally called the gynosome a "female penis" and insisted to drop the definition of penis as "the male copulatory organ". Motivations for using the term “female penis” include that such a term "is easier to understand and much more eye-catching" and that the gynosome have "analogous features" with male penises. Meanwhile, critics have argued that it does not fit the intromittent organ definition of "a structure that enters the female genital tract and deposits sperm".
344:
652:
986:
706:
56:
562:
686:
669:
3039:
Bates, Paul J. J.; Ratrimomanarivo, Fanja H.; Harrison, David L.; Goodman, Steven M. (December 2006). "A description of a new species of
Pipistrellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Madagascar with a review of related Vespertilioninae from the island".
574:
have a corkscrew-shaped penis while female ducks have corkscrew vaginas with many blind pockets evolved for difficult penetration and to prevent becoming pregnant. This reduced the likelihood of fertilization by unwanted aggressors in favor of fitter
1039:. Species of this genus have sex-reversed genitalia: females have penis-like organs called gynosomes that are inserted into vagina-like openings of males during mating. A similar female structure has also been described in the closely related
2155:
Riedelsheimer, B., Unterberger, P., Künzle, H. and U. Welsch. 2007. Histological study of the cloacal region and associated structures in the hedgehog tenrec
Echinops telfairi. Mammalian Biology 72(6):
2899:
1919:
1240:
2310:
Yoshizawa K, Ferreira R.L., Yao I, Lienhard C & Kamimura Y. "Independent origins of female penis and its coevolution with male vagina in cave insects (Psocodea: Prionoglarididae)".
552:
1158:
409:
began to abandon the aquatic environment. In fact, the necessity to overcome the absence of a liquid phase in which to release the gametes was achieved through the transition to
1957:
1759:
1468:
386:
3763:"A new genus and species of rodent from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae: Oryzomyini), with comments on oryzomyine biogeography"
1861:
621:, not blood. It is usually partially feathered and in some species features spines and brush-like filaments, and in a flaccid state, curls up inside the cloaca.
1720:
617:
also has a penis. A bird penis is different in structure from mammal penises, being an erectile expansion of the cloacal wall (in ducks) and being erected by
2549:
2903:
4262:
4257:
1665:
1642:
1312:
4163:"Phylogenetic relationships of oryzomyine rodents (Muroidea: Sigmodontinae): separate and combined analyses of morphological and molecular data"
3961:
The
Complete Guide to the Care of Macropods: A Comprehensive Guide to the Handrearing, Rehabilitation and Captive Management of Kangaroo Species
4093:"Comparative gross morphology of male accessory glands among Neotropical Muridae (Mammalia: Rodentia) with comments on systematic implications"
4074:
4053:
4025:
3997:
3969:
3941:
3913:
3883:
3855:
3827:
3799:
3726:
3698:
3670:
3642:
3614:
3565:
3537:
3491:
3463:
3435:
3382:
3355:
3327:
3297:
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3248:
3220:
3192:
3127:
3080:
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2994:
2957:
2929:
2853:
2797:
2755:
2727:
2699:
2664:
2636:
2608:
2580:
2532:
2131:
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1951:
1913:
1886:
1828:
1794:
1753:
1714:
1675:
1636:
1501:
1462:
1432:
1405:
1344:
1292:
1182:"Mating behaviour in the sea slug Elysia timida (Opisthobranchia, Sacoglossa): hypodermic injection, sperm transfer and balanced reciprocity"
1152:
2413:
884:, closely resemble the male hyena's genitalia, but can be distinguished from the male by the female's greater thickness and more rounded
2430:
1818:
4213:
838:
2019:
3593:
2881:
2825:
2390:
Yoshizawa K, Ferreira R.L., Lienhard C & Kamimura Y. (2019). "Why Did a Female Penis Evolve in a Small Group of Cave
Insects?".
2170:
1855:
1378:
1250:
2037:
2745:
2654:
922:
4122:(Rodentia: Muridae) from eastern Ecuador, with remarks on mammalian diversity and biogeography in the Cordillera Oriental"
1266:
258:
2449:
Hayssen V. (2020). "Misconceptions about
Conception and Other Fallacies: Historical Bias in Reproductive Biology".
4126:
2297:
1278:
269:
4178:
4135:
1570:"Explosive eversion and functional morphology of the duck penis supports sexual conflict in waterfowl genitalia"
2553:
962:
792:
352:
3401:"The glans penis in Neotropical cricetines (Family Muridae) with comments on classification of muroid rodents"
3240:
The safari companion: a guide to watching
African mammals, including hoofed mammals, carnivores, and primates
3053:
4272:
1284:
828:
506:
636:
377:
2146:
Gadow, H. On the systematic position of
Notoryctes typhlops. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1892, 361–370 (1892).
1845:
1704:
410:
124:
38:
20:
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498:
with each other, but were created several times independently of each other in the course of evolution.
1308:
288:
as "the Yard, made up of two nervous Bodies, the
Channel, Nut, Skin, and Fore-skin, etc." According to
2817:
Chasing
Kangaroos: A Continent, a Scientist, and a Search for the World's Most Extraordinary Creature
2318:
721:
As with any other bodily attribute, the length and girth of the penis can be highly variable between
199:
100:
326:φαλλος) is sometimes used to describe the penis, although "phallus" originally was used to describe
4267:
1519:"Resurrecting embryos of the tuatara, Sphenodon punctatus, to resolve vertebrate phallus evolution"
651:
471:
96:
308:
4190:
4149:
3057:
2398:
2068:
2011:
495:
463:
268:. Prior to the adoption of the Latin word in English, the penis was referred to as a "yard". The
218:
34:
2268:"A new genus of Sensitibillini from Brazilian caves (Psocodea: 'Psocoptera': Prionoglarididae)"
4209:
4070:
4049:
4021:
3993:
3965:
3937:
3909:
3879:
3851:
3823:
3795:
3722:
3694:
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3638:
3610:
3589:
3561:
3533:
3487:
3459:
3431:
3378:
3351:
3323:
3293:
3265:
3244:
3216:
3188:
3123:
3076:
3018:
2990:
2953:
2925:
2877:
2849:
2821:
2793:
2751:
2723:
2695:
2660:
2632:
2604:
2576:
2528:
2373:
2365:
2289:
2213:
2166:
2127:
2100:
2060:
2003:
1947:
1941:
1909:
1882:
1851:
1824:
1790:
1749:
1743:
1710:
1671:
1632:
1607:
1589:
1550:
1497:
1491:
1458:
1452:
1428:
1401:
1374:
1340:
1288:
1246:
1221:
1203:
1148:
1072:
985:
832:
389:
4064:
3350:. Washington, D.C. : Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation.
2919:
2717:
1876:
1681:
1626:
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1368:
1334:
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4131:
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3774:
3412:
3049:
2524:
2355:
2345:
2279:
2203:
2195:
2052:
1995:
1597:
1581:
1540:
1532:
1211:
1193:
903:
643:
281:
148:
79:
3210:
977:
are intromittent organs (to introduce sperm into the female) developed from modified fins.
55:
4237:
3173:
2494:
2336:
2330:
Yoshizawa, Kazunori; Ferreira, Rodrigo L.; Kamimura, Yoshitaka; Lienhard, Charles (2014).
1980:
1523:
1008:
824:
742:
393:
254:
2234:
Elements of
Herpetology, and of Ichthyology: Prepared for the Use of Schools and Colleges
902:
usually have bifurcated penises that are retracted into a preputial sheath in the male's
2470:
2457:
4252:
3902:
3238:
2208:
2183:
1602:
1569:
1545:
1518:
1216:
1181:
911:
858:
323:
61:
3347:
Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol. II, part 1b, Carnivores (Mustelidae and Procyonidae)
2719:
Veterinary Notes for Horse Owners: An Illustrated Manual of Horse Medicine and Surgery
2076:
1022:. The male copulatory organ of various lower invertebrate animals is often called the
4246:
3779:
3762:
3345:
3316:
3145:
1783:
1667:
The Illustrated Encyclopedia of European Birds: An Essential Guide to Birds of Europe
1364:
1360:
893:
889:
862:
802:
788:
730:
614:
586:
483:
360:
195:
4194:
4153:
3061:
2072:
2015:
705:
3791:
The Rise of Placental Mammals: Origins and Relationships of the Major Extant Clades
878:
874:
854:
610:
593:(also present on the female), but not a penis. Among bird species with a penis are
456:
452:
226:
207:
91:
3318:
Asdell's Patterns of Mammalian Reproduction: A Compendium of Species-Specific Data
1785:
Asdell's Patterns of Mammalian Reproduction: A Compendium of Species-Specific Data
4203:
4043:
4017:
Anatomy and Physiology for Veterinary Technicians and Nurses: A Clinical Approach
4015:
3987:
3959:
3931:
3873:
3845:
3817:
3789:
3743:
3716:
3688:
3660:
3632:
3604:
3583:
3555:
3527:
3508:
3481:
3453:
3425:
3372:
3287:
3259:
3182:
3181:
Elbroch, Lawrence Mark; Kresky, Michael Raymond; Evans, Jonah Wy (7 April 2012).
3117:
3098:
3070:
3012:
2984:
2947:
2871:
2843:
2815:
2787:
2761:
2688:
2670:
2626:
2598:
2570:
2518:
2232:
2121:
2094:
1903:
1422:
1142:
1106:
994:
808:
754:
594:
561:
518:
510:
487:
416:
Among amniotes, the development of an erectile penis occurred independently for
356:
27:
1568:
Brennan, Patricia L. R.; Clark, Christopher J.; Prum, Richard O. (2010-05-07).
1270:
685:
2475:
Vilené: se dit un animal qui a la marque du sexe d'un autre émail que le corps
2350:
2331:
1999:
1041:
1030:
1000:
938:
812:
796:
762:
696:
441:
343:
234:
222:
203:
191:
74:
2431:"The retired taxonomist and the gynosome – the discovery of the female penis"
2369:
2293:
2266:
Lienhard, Charles; Oliveira do Carmo, Thais; Lopes Ferreira, Rodrigo (2010).
1593:
1207:
2332:"Female Penis, Male Vagina, and Their Correlated Evolution in a Cave Insect"
2284:
1091:
1035:
954:
927:
907:
899:
437:
364:
304:
296:
238:
187:
3455:
The ontogeny of social behavior in the gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis)
2377:
2248:
2217:
2199:
2007:
1611:
1585:
1554:
1536:
1225:
1198:
289:
4097:
Miscellaneous Publications of the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
3405:
Miscellaneous Publications of the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
2870:
Jones, Menna E.; Dickman, Chris R.; Archer, Mike; Archer, Michael (2003).
2064:
2056:
4108:
3416:
2550:"The Stallion: Breeding Soundness Examination & Reproductive Anatomy"
1116:
1096:
1085:
1060:
1019:
1004:
942:
866:
758:
606:
502:
421:
406:
402:
230:
2165:
Lutz, Dick (2005), Tuatara: A Living Fossil, Salem, Oregon: DIMI PRESS,
2038:"Penile spines of the domestic cat: their endocrine-behavior relations"
974:
958:
843:
780:
is present in most placentals but absent in humans, cattle and horses.
777:
766:
750:
726:
712:
602:
598:
582:
529:
514:
317:
83:
4092:
3400:
2360:
2267:
914:
are the only mammals in which the penis is located inside the cloaca.
668:
237:, there are morphological variants with specific terminology, such as
4186:
4144:
1111:
1101:
1054:
1015:
950:
934:
870:
816:
746:
722:
590:
522:
479:
475:
433:
429:
425:
417:
4117:
513:, a series of muscular contractions delivers semen, containing male
3258:
Frandson, Rowen D.; Wilke, W. Lee; Fails, Anna Dee (30 June 2009).
3072:
The Biology and management of an extinct species: Père David's deer
2120:
Armati, Patricia J.; Dickman, Chris R.; Hume, Ian D. (2006-08-17).
26:
This article is about penises in general. For the human organ, see
4162:
2471:"Armorial général; précédé d'un Dictionnaire des termes du blason"
1981:"Mammalian sexual differentiation: lessons from the spotted hyena"
984:
946:
921:
885:
881:
837:
823:
The internal structures of the penis consist mainly of cavernous,
658:
618:
491:
467:
445:
300:
250:
112:
4205:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
1979:
Glickman, SE; Cunha, GR; Drea, CM; Conley, AJ; Place, NJ (2006).
307:
for it, a particularly common and enduring one being "cock". See
3715:
Lukefahr, Steven D.; Cheeke, Peter R.; Patton, Nephi M. (2013).
1029:
In 2010, entomologist Charles Linehard described a new genus of
770:
741:
penises, which become erect by straightening without expanding.
571:
221:, but not to all. As an example, the intromittent organ of most
2983:
Austin, Colin Russell; Short, Roger Valentine (21 March 1985).
505:
is the stiffening and rising of the penis, which occurs during
3872:
Schatten, Heide; Constantinescu, Gheorghe M. (21 March 2008).
692:
675:
157:
130:
3557:
East African Mammals: An Atlas of Evolution in Africa. Vol. I
2873:
Predators With Pouches: The Biology of Carnivorous Marsupials
2249:"Penis | Description, Anatomy, & Physiology | Britannica"
2184:"Turtle and mammal penis designs are anatomically convergent"
509:, though it can also happen in non-sexual situations. During
451:
Over time, birds have lost this organ, with the exception of
892:
have barbed penises, with about 120–150 one millimetre long
295:
As with nearly any aspect of the body involved in sexual or
4179:
10.1206/0003-0090(2006)296[0001:PROORM]2.0.CO;2
4136:
10.1206/0003-0082(2003)421<0001:ansotr>2.0.co;2
3930:
Skinner, J. D.; Chimimba, Christian T. (15 November 2005).
811:: the free end of the penis. The penile glans is absent in
33:"Penile" and "Penes" redirect here. For the community, see
3989:
Primate Encounters: Models of Science, Gender, and Society
3986:
Strum, Shirley C.; Fedigan, Linda Marie (15 August 2000).
3788:
Rose, Kenneth D.; Archibald, J. David (22 February 2005).
3606:
Veterinary Anatomy of Domestic Mammals: Textbook and Atlas
2656:
Horse Conformation: Structure, Soundness, and Performance
2412:
Yoshizawa K, Ferreira R.L., Kamimura Y & Lienhard C.
1745:
Promiscuity: An Evolutionary History of Sperm Competition
163:
3054:
10.3161/1733-5329(2006)8[299:ADOANS]2.0.CO;2
3011:
Bassert, Joanna M.; McCurnin, Dennis M. (1 April 2013).
2408:
2406:
2093:
Tyndale-Biscoe, C. Hugh; Renfree, Marilyn (1987-01-30).
1878:
Sexual Selection and the Origins of Human Mating Systems
941:
have a penis, while male specimens of the reptile order
532:(mammals, birds and reptiles) likely possessed a penis.
521:, from the penis. Ejaculation is usually accompanied by
3427:
Zoobiquity: What Animals Can Teach Us About Being Human
3314:
Hayssen, Virginia Douglass; Tienhoven, Ari Van (1993).
3014:
McCurnin's Clinical Textbook for Veterinary Technicians
2986:
Reproduction in Mammals: Volume 4, Reproductive Fitness
1574:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
292:, this term meant (among other senses) "rod" or "bar".
264:, and the Greek word πέος = "penis" from Indo-European
4202:
Wilson, Don E.; Reeder, DeeAnn M. (16 November 2005).
3424:
Horowitz, Barbara N.; Bowers, Kathryn (12 June 2012).
1141:
Janet Leonard; Alex Cordoba-Aguilar R (18 June 2010).
965:, turtle and mammal penises have a similar structure.
3585:
East African Mammals: An Atlas of Evolution in Africa
3212:
The ecology and conservation of large African mammals
1847:
Functional Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic Animals
1817:
Chenoweth, Peter J.; Lorton, Steven P. (2022-02-03).
1781:
Virginia Douglass Hayssen; Ari Van Tienhoven (1993).
1424:
The Evolution of Primary Sexual Characters in Animals
1144:
The Evolution of Primary Sexual Characters in Animals
166:
160:
3761:
Percequillo, A.R.; Weksler, M.; Costa, L.P. (2011).
3100:
The sex life of wild animals: a North American study
2902:. Iowa State University Biology Dept. Archived from
1336:
Jacobson's Organ: And the Remarkable Nature of Smell
1018:, the structure analogous to a penis is known as an
276:
used in this sense from 1379, and notes that in his
154:
3184:
Field Guide to Animal Tracks and Scat of California
2716:Hayes, M. Horace; Rossdale, Peter D. (March 1988).
2517:Walker, Donald F.; Vaughan, John T. (1 June 1980).
783:In mammals, the penis is divided into three parts:
151:
111:
106:
90:
73:
68:
48:
4167:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
4042:Peter J Chenoweth; Steven Lorton (30 April 2014).
3904:Female Choices: Sexual Behavior of Female Primates
3901:
3315:
2687:
2572:Equine Clinical Medicine, Surgery and Reproduction
1782:
2552:. University of Wisconsin-Madison. Archived from
1180:Schmitt, V.; Anthes, N.; Michiels, N. K. (2007).
805:: the part of the penis extending from the roots.
729:. In many mammals, the penis is retracted into a
494:. The penises of different animal groups are not
3603:König, Horst Erich; Liebich, Hans-Georg (2007).
3526:Khanna, Dev Raj; Yadav, P. R. (1 January 2005).
1075:'s anatomy, especially if coloured differently.
961:must use their cloacae for reproduction. Due to
229:, a specialized arm, and male spiders use their
3069:Beck, Benjamin B.; Wemmer, Christen M. (1983).
2231:Ruschenberger, William Samuel Waithman (1846).
1905:Veterinary Genetics and Reproductive Physiology
1517:Sanger TJ, Gredler ML, Cohn MJ (October 2015).
973:In some fish, the gonopodium, andropodium, and
4069:. University of California Press. p. 41.
3933:The Mammals of the Southern African Sub-region
2918:Stonehouse, Bernard; Gilmore, Desmond (1977).
2820:. Grove/Atlantic, Incorporated. pp. 60–.
2569:Munroe, Graham; Weese, Scott (15 March 2011).
1421:Cordoba-Aguilar, Alex; Leonard, Janet (2010).
1088: – female homolog to the penis
745:are present in some prepuces. The penis bears
1427:. Oxford University Press. pp. 216–221.
873:, which is blocked by the false scrotum. The
8:
4014:Sturtz, Robin; Asprea, Lori (30 July 2012).
3745:Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society
3510:Journal of the Mammalogical Society of Japan
1457:. University of Chicago Press. p. 583.
401:The external genital organs appeared in the
299:functions, the penis is the subject of many
4045:Animal Andrology: Theories and Applications
2597:Budras, Klaus Dieter; Sack (1 March 2012).
1446:
1444:
1370:Wolves: Behaviour, Ecology and Conservation
359:is aimed backward during urination. Tigers
311:for a list of alternative words for penis.
4063:Verts, B. J.; Carraway, Leslie N. (1998).
2900:"Discoveries about Marsupial Reproduction"
54:
4143:
3778:
3767:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
2747:Modern Horse Breeding: A Guide for Owners
2359:
2349:
2283:
2207:
1946:. Cornell University Press. p. 116.
1748:. Harvard University Press. p. 102.
1601:
1544:
1493:Mammalogy: Adaptation, Diversity, Ecology
1215:
1197:
877:and pseudo-scrotum, which are actually a
3344:Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (2002).
2686:Evans, James Warren (15 February 1990).
1394:Dunlop, Jason A.; Penney, David (2012).
857:have a structure at the base called the
3634:Modern Text Book Of Zoology Vertebrates
2237:. Grigg & Elliot. pp. 129–145.
1133:
528:The last common ancestor of all living
3687:Linzey, Donald W. (28 December 2011).
3261:Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals
3169:
3158:
3148:. Chicago: A. N. Marquis & Company
2490:
2479:
2036:Aronson, L. R.; Cooper, M. L. (1967).
1454:Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy
1451:Marvalee H. Wake (15 September 1992).
737:penises, which expand while erect, or
128:
45:
2628:Fertility and Obstetrics in the Horse
2414:"A Transgender Brazilian Cave Insect"
2096:Reproductive Physiology of Marsupials
1471:from the original on 31 December 2013
1400:. Siri Scientific Press. p. 44.
330:, pictorial or carved, of the penis.
7:
3480:Jackson, Hartley H. (January 1961).
2842:Hunsaker, Don II (2 December 2012).
2520:Bovine and equine urogenital surgery
1664:MobileReference (15 December 2009).
1161:from the original on 11 October 2013
1071:) indicates that part of an animate
733:when not erect. Mammals have either
405:, about 410 million years ago, when
16:Primary sexual organ of male animals
3659:Krause, William J. (1 March 2008).
3399:Hooper, E.T.; Musser, G.G. (1964).
3116:Carnaby, Trevor (22 January 2007).
2451:Integrative and Comparative Biology
2429:Hollier J & Hollier A. (2020).
1723:from the original on 7 January 2014
1628:Comparative Vertebrate Reproduction
1490:Feldhamer, George A. (2007-09-07).
392:with urine and secretions from the
249:The word "penis" is taken from the
175:
3554:Kingdon, Jonathan (January 1984).
3209:Eltringham, Stewart Keith (1979).
3187:. University of California Press.
1960:from the original on 26 March 2014
1908:. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier.
1762:from the original on 26 March 2014
1645:from the original on 26 March 2014
14:
4091:Voss, R.S.; Linzey, A.V. (1981).
3662:An Atlas of Opossum Organogenesis
3292:. T&N Children's Publishing.
3875:Comparative Reproductive Biology
3844:Sarkar, Amita (1 January 2003).
3780:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00643.x
3452:Horwich, Robert H. (June 1972).
3377:. University of Illinois Press.
2946:Tyndale-Biscoe, C. Hugh (2005).
2792:(4 ed.). Cengage Learning.
2786:Parker, Rick (13 January 2012).
2300:from the original on 2014-11-03.
2188:Proceedings. Biological Sciences
2025:from the original on 2013-02-22.
1864:from the original on 2018-03-20.
1703:Frank B. Gill (6 October 2006).
953:, have two paired organs called
869:instead of directly through the
704:
684:
667:
650:
635:
560:
551:
376:
342:
147:
4263:Mammal male reproductive system
4258:Animal male reproductive system
3992:. University of Chicago Press.
3588:. University of Chicago Press.
3560:. University of Chicago Press.
3371:Hoffmeister, Donald F. (2002).
2625:England, Gary (15 April 2008).
1922:from the original on 2014-03-26
1881:. John OUP Oxford. p. 68.
1844:William O. Reece (2009-03-04).
1373:. University of Chicago Press.
1315:from the original on 2011-06-06
1245:. JP Medical Ltd. p. 101.
210:, but not in all male animals.
3936:. Cambridge University Press.
3850:. Discovery Publishing House.
3532:. Discovery Publishing House.
2989:. Cambridge University Press.
2473:. G. B. van Goor zonen: XXXI.
2399:doi.org/10.1002/bies.201900005
2319:doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0533
2126:. Cambridge University Press.
2099:. Cambridge University Press.
1339:. W. W. Norton & Company.
842:Genitorinary system of a male
609:(ducks, geese and swans). The
1:
4238:Kinsey Institute on the penis
3144:Brehm, Alfred Edmund (1895).
1309:"Online Etymology Dictionary"
1242:Male Reproductive Dysfunction
272:cites an example of the word
3908:. Cornell University Press.
3822:. Cornell University Press.
3819:The North American Porcupine
3322:. Cornell University Press.
3243:. Chelsea Green Publishing.
3119:Beat About the Bush: Mammals
3017:. Elsevier Health Sciences.
2505:General and cited references
1789:. Cornell University Press.
1709:. Macmillan. pp. 414–.
1333:Watson, Lyall (2000-04-17).
490:, also for the excretion of
202:. Such organs occur in both
3900:Small, Meredith F. (1993).
3847:Sexual Behaviour In Animals
3486:. Univ of Wisconsin Press.
2458:doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaa035
1147:. Oxford University Press.
1059:Pizzles are represented in
989:The spine-covered penis of
827:, which is a collection of
765:mammals (mammals without a
390:Dogs mark their territories
4289:
3582:Kingdon, Jonathan (1984).
1820:Manual of Animal Andrology
1052:
865:inserts his penis through
32:
25:
18:
4127:American Museum Novitates
4020:. John Wiley & Sons.
3878:. John Wiley & Sons.
3264:. John Wiley & Sons.
3146:"Brehm's Life of Animals"
2924:. University Park Press.
2921:The Biology of marsupials
2845:The Biology of Marsupials
2631:. John Wiley & Sons.
2351:10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.022
2000:10.1016/j.tem.2006.09.005
1850:. John Wiley & Sons.
1280:Oxford English Dictionary
894:backwards-pointing spines
867:the female's pseudo-penis
861:. During copulation, the
270:Oxford English Dictionary
257:". Some derive that from
123:
53:
3665:. Universal-Publishers.
3637:. Rastogi Publications.
3286:Geist, Valerius (1993).
2722:. Simon & Schuster.
2653:Equine Research (2004).
2469:Rietstap, J. B. (1884).
2272:Revue Suisse de Zoologie
1875:Dixson, Alan F. (2009).
1625:Julian Lombardi (1998).
963:evolutionary convergence
517:known as sperm cells or
3237:Estes, Richard (1998).
2285:10.5962/bhl.part.117600
2253:Encyclopædia Britannica
1988:Trends Endocrinol Metab
1285:Oxford University Press
831:separated by sheets of
581:Most male birds (e.g.,
396:in front of the penis.
363:their territories with
4066:Land Mammals of Oregon
3958:Staker, Lynda (2006).
3631:Kotpal, R. L. (2010).
3168:Cite journal requires
3097:Burns, Eugene (1953).
3075:. Noyes Publications.
2814:Flannery, Tim (2008).
2750:. Globe Pequot Press.
2744:McBane, Susan (2001).
2489:Cite journal requires
2200:10.1098/rsbl.2004.0161
2194:(Suppl 5): S293–S295.
1586:10.1098/rspb.2009.2139
1537:10.1098/rsbl.2015.0694
1199:10.1186/1742-9994-4-17
1063:, where the adjective
997:
930:
851:
791:): these begin at the
411:internal fertilization
334:Evolution and function
125:Anatomical terminology
39:Penes (disambiguation)
37:. For other uses, see
21:Penis (disambiguation)
3609:. Schattauer Verlag.
3042:Acta Chiropterologica
2603:. Manson Publishing.
2575:. Manson Publishing.
2182:Kelly, D. A. (2004).
2057:10.1002/ar.1091570111
1742:Tim Birkhead (2000).
991:Callosobruchus analis
988:
925:
841:
99:, sometimes with the
4161:Weksler, M. (2006).
3816:Roze, Uldis (2009).
3483:Mammals of Wisconsin
3430:. Doubleday Canada.
2952:. Csiro Publishing.
2906:on September 5, 2012
2876:. Csiro Publishing.
2848:. Elsevier Science.
2600:Anatomy of the Horse
1239:Basu, S. C. (2011).
1186:Frontiers in Zoology
486:and, in the case of
101:genitourinary system
19:For other uses, see
3513:. The Society. 1986
3374:Mammals of Illinois
2898:King, Anna (2001).
1940:R. F. Ewer (1998).
1902:Susan Long (2006).
1670:. MobileReference.
1580:(1686): 1309–1314.
1283:(second ed.).
797:pelvic ischial arch
278:Physical Dictionary
219:intromittent organs
97:Reproductive system
4118:"A new species of
4116:Voss, R.S (2003).
3690:Vertebrate Biology
3529:Biology Of Mammals
2949:Life of Marsupials
1311:. Etymonline.com.
1003:are the only male
998:
931:
852:
776:A bone called the
464:intromittent organ
233:. Even within the
35:Penile, Louisville
4076:978-0-520-21199-5
4055:978-1-78064-316-8
4027:978-1-118-40585-7
3999:978-0-226-77754-2
3971:978-0-9775751-0-7
3943:978-0-521-84418-5
3915:978-0-8014-8305-9
3885:978-0-470-39025-2
3857:978-81-7141-746-9
3829:978-0-8014-4646-7
3801:978-0-8018-8022-3
3728:978-1-78064-012-9
3718:Rabbit Production
3700:978-1-4214-0040-2
3672:978-1-58112-969-4
3644:978-81-7133-891-7
3616:978-3-7945-2485-3
3567:978-0-226-43718-7
3539:978-81-7141-934-0
3493:978-0-299-02150-4
3465:978-3-489-68036-9
3437:978-0-385-67061-6
3384:978-0-252-07083-9
3357:978-90-04-08876-4
3329:978-0-8014-1753-5
3299:978-1-55971-208-8
3271:978-0-8138-1394-3
3250:978-1-890132-44-6
3222:978-0-333-23580-5
3194:978-0-520-95164-8
3129:978-1-77009-240-2
3082:978-0-8155-0938-7
3024:978-1-4557-2884-8
2996:978-0-521-31984-3
2959:978-0-643-06257-3
2931:978-0-8391-0852-8
2855:978-0-323-14620-3
2799:978-1-111-13877-6
2757:978-1-58574-389-6
2729:978-0-671-76561-3
2701:978-0-7167-1811-6
2694:. W. H. Freeman.
2666:978-1-59228-487-0
2638:978-0-470-75041-4
2610:978-3-8426-8368-6
2582:978-1-84076-608-0
2534:978-0-8121-0284-0
2525:Lea & Febiger
2456:(3): p. 683-791:
2133:978-1-139-45742-2
2106:978-0-521-33792-2
1953:978-0-8014-8493-3
1915:978-0-7506-8877-2
1888:978-0-19156-973-9
1830:978-1-78924-350-5
1796:978-0-8014-1753-5
1755:978-0-674-00666-9
1716:978-0-7167-4983-7
1677:978-1-60501-557-6
1638:978-0-7923-8336-9
1503:978-0-8018-8695-9
1464:978-0-226-87013-7
1434:978-0-19971-703-3
1407:978-0-95677-954-0
1346:978-0-393-24493-9
1294:978-0-19-861186-8
1154:978-0-19-971703-3
833:connective tissue
755:placental mammals
466:used to transfer
284:defined the word
139:
138:
134:
4280:
4226:
4224:
4222:
4198:
4157:
4147:
4112:
4087:
4085:
4083:
4059:
4038:
4036:
4034:
4010:
4008:
4006:
3982:
3980:
3978:
3964:. Lynda Staker.
3954:
3952:
3950:
3926:
3924:
3922:
3907:
3896:
3894:
3892:
3868:
3866:
3864:
3840:
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3836:
3812:
3810:
3808:
3784:
3782:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3711:
3709:
3707:
3683:
3681:
3679:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3599:
3578:
3576:
3574:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3420:
3395:
3393:
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3367:
3365:
3364:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3321:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3254:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3177:
3171:
3166:
3164:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3122:. Jacana Media.
3112:
3110:
3108:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3065:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3007:
3005:
3003:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2942:
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2938:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2760:. Archived from
2740:
2738:
2736:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2693:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2669:. Archived from
2649:
2647:
2645:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2499:
2498:
2492:
2487:
2485:
2477:
2466:
2460:
2447:
2441:
2427:
2421:
2410:
2401:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2363:
2353:
2327:
2321:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2287:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2211:
2179:
2173:
2163:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2075:. Archived from
2042:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2024:
1985:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1788:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1684:on 26 March 2014
1680:. Archived from
1661:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1605:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1548:
1531:(10): 20150694.
1514:
1508:
1507:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1448:
1439:
1438:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1397:Fossil Arachnids
1391:
1385:
1384:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1219:
1201:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1138:
906:when not erect.
904:urogenital sinus
769:) separates the
743:Preputial glands
735:musculocavernous
708:
688:
671:
654:
644:hamadryas baboon
639:
564:
555:
482:) for potential
470:into the female
462:The penis is an
394:preputial glands
380:
346:
309:WikiSaurus:penis
282:Steven Blankaart
217:applies to many
190:that is used to
177:
173:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
156:
153:
131:edit on Wikidata
80:Genital tubercle
58:
46:
4288:
4287:
4283:
4282:
4281:
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4277:
4243:
4242:
4234:
4229:
4220:
4218:
4216:
4201:
4160:
4115:
4090:
4081:
4079:
4077:
4062:
4056:
4041:
4032:
4030:
4028:
4013:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3985:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3957:
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3929:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3899:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3871:
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3806:
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3787:
3760:
3751:
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3705:
3703:
3701:
3686:
3677:
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3673:
3658:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3630:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3602:
3596:
3581:
3572:
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3568:
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3544:
3542:
3540:
3525:
3516:
3514:
3507:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3479:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3451:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3423:
3398:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3370:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3343:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3313:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3285:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3257:
3251:
3236:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3208:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3180:
3167:
3157:
3151:
3149:
3143:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3115:
3106:
3104:
3096:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3068:
3038:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3010:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2982:
2978:
2973:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2945:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2917:
2909:
2907:
2897:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2869:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2841:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2813:
2804:
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2800:
2785:
2781:
2776:
2767:
2765:
2758:
2743:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2715:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2685:
2676:
2674:
2667:
2659:. Lyons Press.
2652:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2624:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2596:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2568:
2559:
2557:
2548:
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2535:
2516:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2488:
2478:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2448:
2444:
2440:(3): p. 122-125
2428:
2424:
2411:
2404:
2389:
2385:
2337:Current Biology
2329:
2328:
2324:
2312:Biology Letters
2309:
2305:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2255:. January 2024.
2247:
2246:
2242:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2164:
2160:
2154:
2150:
2145:
2141:
2134:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2107:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2079:
2040:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2022:
1983:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1963:
1961:
1954:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1925:
1923:
1916:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1889:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1858:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1831:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1765:
1763:
1756:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1726:
1724:
1717:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1687:
1685:
1678:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1648:
1646:
1639:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1524:Biology Letters
1516:
1515:
1511:
1504:
1489:
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1474:
1472:
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1449:
1442:
1435:
1420:
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1415:
1408:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1381:
1367:, eds. (2003).
1359:
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1179:
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1155:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1081:
1057:
1051:
983:
971:
926:Hemipenes of a
920:
912:marsupial moles
829:blood sinusoids
825:erectile tissue
773:and the penis.
719:
718:
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716:
715:
709:
701:
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689:
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672:
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647:
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640:
627:
579:
578:
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567:
566:
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557:
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543:
538:
436:(turtles), and
399:
398:
397:
388:
383:
382:
381:
370:
369:
368:
354:
349:
348:
347:
336:
328:representations
314:The Latin word
247:
198:animals during
150:
146:
135:
64:
42:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4286:
4284:
4276:
4275:
4273:Urinary system
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4245:
4244:
4241:
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4233:
4232:External links
4230:
4228:
4227:
4215:978-0801882210
4214:
4199:
4158:
4130:(3421): 1–47.
4113:
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4011:
3998:
3983:
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3927:
3914:
3897:
3884:
3869:
3856:
3841:
3828:
3813:
3800:
3785:
3773:(2): 357–390.
3758:
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3643:
3628:
3615:
3600:
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3298:
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3270:
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3249:
3234:
3221:
3206:
3193:
3178:
3170:|journal=
3141:
3128:
3113:
3094:
3081:
3066:
3048:(2): 299–324.
3036:
3023:
3008:
2995:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2958:
2943:
2930:
2915:
2895:
2882:
2867:
2854:
2839:
2826:
2811:
2798:
2789:Equine Science
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2764:on 7 July 2014
2756:
2741:
2728:
2713:
2700:
2683:
2673:on 7 July 2014
2665:
2650:
2637:
2622:
2609:
2594:
2581:
2566:
2546:
2533:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2491:|journal=
2461:
2442:
2422:
2402:
2383:
2344:(9): 1006–10.
2322:
2303:
2278:(4): 611–635.
2258:
2240:
2223:
2174:
2158:
2148:
2139:
2132:
2112:
2105:
2085:
2082:on 2017-06-20.
2028:
1994:(9): 349–356.
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1943:The Carnivores
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1365:Boitani, Luigi
1361:Mech, L. David
1352:
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1300:
1293:
1269:, ed. (1989).
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1053:Main article:
1050:
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919:
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859:bulbus glandis
855:Canine penises
835:(trabeculae).
821:
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795:border of the
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613:in the family
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507:sexual arousal
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62:Asian elephant
59:
51:
50:
15:
13:
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3215:. Macmillan.
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2556:on 2007-07-16
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2171:0-931625-43-2
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1496:. JHU Press.
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1267:Simpson, John
1262:
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1252:9789350252208
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981:Invertebrates
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890:Domestic cats
887:
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863:spotted hyena
860:
856:
849:
848:Procyon lotor
845:
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836:
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748:
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736:
732:
728:
725:of different
724:
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698:
694:
687:
677:
670:
660:
653:
645:
638:
629:
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622:
620:
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615:Anseranatidae
612:
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584:
573:
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533:
531:
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484:fertilization
481:
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472:genital tract
469:
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366:
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357:tiger's penis
353:
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306:
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279:
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259:Indo-European
256:
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244:
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228:
224:
220:
216:
211:
209:
208:invertebrates
205:
201:
197:
196:hermaphrodite
193:
189:
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171:
144:
132:
126:
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85:
81:
78:
76:
72:
67:
63:
57:
52:
47:
44:
40:
36:
29:
22:
4219:. Retrieved
4204:
4170:
4166:
4125:
4119:
4100:
4096:
4080:. Retrieved
4065:
4044:
4031:. Retrieved
4016:
4003:. Retrieved
3988:
3975:. Retrieved
3960:
3947:. Retrieved
3932:
3919:. Retrieved
3903:
3889:. Retrieved
3874:
3861:. Retrieved
3846:
3833:. Retrieved
3818:
3805:. Retrieved
3790:
3770:
3766:
3750:. Retrieved
3744:
3732:. Retrieved
3717:
3704:. Retrieved
3689:
3676:. Retrieved
3661:
3648:. Retrieved
3633:
3620:. Retrieved
3605:
3584:
3571:. Retrieved
3556:
3543:. Retrieved
3528:
3515:. Retrieved
3509:
3497:. Retrieved
3482:
3469:. Retrieved
3458:. P. Parey.
3454:
3441:. Retrieved
3426:
3408:
3404:
3388:. Retrieved
3373:
3361:. Retrieved
3346:
3333:. Retrieved
3317:
3303:. Retrieved
3288:
3275:. Retrieved
3260:
3239:
3226:. Retrieved
3211:
3198:. Retrieved
3183:
3161:cite journal
3150:. Retrieved
3133:. Retrieved
3118:
3105:. Retrieved
3099:
3086:. Retrieved
3071:
3045:
3041:
3028:. Retrieved
3013:
3000:. Retrieved
2985:
2963:. Retrieved
2948:
2935:. Retrieved
2920:
2908:. Retrieved
2904:the original
2887:. Retrieved
2872:
2859:. Retrieved
2844:
2831:. Retrieved
2816:
2803:. Retrieved
2788:
2766:. Retrieved
2762:the original
2746:
2733:. Retrieved
2718:
2705:. Retrieved
2689:
2675:. Retrieved
2671:the original
2655:
2642:. Retrieved
2627:
2614:. Retrieved
2599:
2586:. Retrieved
2571:
2558:. Retrieved
2554:the original
2538:. Retrieved
2519:
2482:cite journal
2474:
2464:
2453:
2450:
2445:
2437:
2434:
2425:
2418:The Winnower
2417:
2394:
2391:
2386:
2341:
2335:
2325:
2314:
2311:
2306:
2275:
2271:
2261:
2252:
2243:
2233:
2226:
2191:
2187:
2177:
2161:
2151:
2142:
2122:
2115:
2095:
2088:
2077:the original
2048:
2044:
2031:
1991:
1987:
1974:
1962:. Retrieved
1942:
1935:
1924:. Retrieved
1904:
1897:
1877:
1870:
1846:
1839:
1819:
1812:
1800:. Retrieved
1784:
1776:
1764:. Retrieved
1744:
1737:
1725:. Retrieved
1705:
1698:
1686:. Retrieved
1682:the original
1666:
1659:
1647:. Retrieved
1631:. Springer.
1627:
1620:
1577:
1573:
1563:
1528:
1522:
1512:
1492:
1485:
1473:. Retrieved
1453:
1423:
1416:
1396:
1389:
1369:
1355:
1335:
1328:
1317:. Retrieved
1303:
1279:
1272:
1261:
1241:
1234:
1189:
1185:
1175:
1163:. Retrieved
1143:
1136:
1068:
1064:
1058:
1040:
1034:
1028:
1023:
1013:
1009:have a penis
999:
990:
972:
945:, which are
939:crocodilians
932:
898:
879:masculinized
875:pseudo-penis
853:
847:
822:
782:
775:
749:part of the
739:fibroelastic
738:
734:
720:
628:
611:magpie goose
580:
544:
527:
500:
461:
457:Anseriformes
453:Paleognathae
450:
415:
400:
327:
315:
313:
294:
285:
277:
273:
265:
261:
248:
227:hectocotylus
214:
212:
186:) is a male
183:
179:
142:
140:
117:
60:Penis of an
43:
3289:Elk Country
3030:18 February
2965:18 February
2861:18 February
2805:18 February
2768:18 February
2644:18 February
2588:18 February
2051:(1): 71–8.
1706:Ornithology
1107:Palpal bulb
995:bean weevil
813:chimpanzees
711:Penis of a
691:Penis of a
674:Penis of a
657:Penis of a
642:Penis of a
595:paleognaths
536:Vertebrates
519:spermatozoa
511:ejaculation
223:Cephalopoda
204:vertebrates
107:Identifiers
28:Human penis
4268:Sex organs
4247:Categories
4120:Thomasomys
3363:2013-11-08
3152:2013-11-08
3103:. Rinehart
2910:2012-11-22
2779:Marsupials
2361:2115/56857
2123:Marsupials
1926:2013-11-08
1727:5 December
1688:5 December
1649:5 December
1319:2011-05-28
1124:References
1042:Afrotrogla
1001:Harvestmen
908:Monotremes
900:Marsupials
697:Great Dane
496:homologous
488:placentals
442:crocodiles
438:archosaurs
434:testudines
367:in urine.
365:pheromones
361:scent-mark
305:euphemisms
303:words and
290:Wiktionary
253:word for "
235:Vertebrata
200:copulation
194:female or
192:inseminate
4187:2246/5777
4173:: 1–149.
4145:2246/2850
2690:The Horse
2392:BioEssays
2370:0960-9822
2294:0035-418X
2045:Anat. Rec
1594:0962-8452
1208:1742-9994
1129:Citations
1092:Diphallia
1036:Neotrogla
1031:barkflies
1005:arachnids
955:hemipenes
928:gold tegu
763:testicond
589:) have a
422:squamates
407:tetrapods
297:excretory
280:of 1684,
245:Etymology
239:hemipenes
231:pedipalps
213:The term
188:sex organ
75:Precursor
4195:86057173
4154:62795333
4103:: 1–41.
4048:. CABI.
3721:. CABI.
3411:: 1–57.
3062:85825521
2420:3/9/2014
2378:24746797
2298:Archived
2218:15503998
2156:330-341.
2073:13070242
2020:Archived
2016:18227659
2008:17010637
1958:Archived
1920:Archived
1862:Archived
1823:. CABI.
1760:Archived
1721:Archived
1643:Archived
1612:20031991
1555:26510679
1469:Archived
1313:Archived
1271:"penis,
1226:17610714
1159:Archived
1117:Testicle
1097:Fascinus
1086:Clitoris
1079:See also
1061:heraldry
1049:Heraldry
1020:aedeagus
1014:In male
975:claspers
959:Tuataras
943:Squamata
918:Reptiles
759:perineum
607:Anatidae
599:tinamous
583:roosters
530:amniotes
503:erection
403:Devonian
84:amniotes
4221:20 July
4082:20 July
4033:22 July
4005:22 July
3977:19 July
3949:19 July
3921:23 July
3891:23 July
3863:20 July
3835:25 July
3807:22 July
3734:20 July
3706:20 July
3678:20 July
3650:23 July
3622:23 July
3573:22 July
3545:20 July
3499:22 July
3471:23 July
3443:25 July
3390:22 July
3335:23 July
3228:20 July
3135:19 July
3107:23 July
3002:22 July
2937:25 July
2707:23 July
2677:23 July
2540:23 July
2435:Antenna
2209:1810052
2065:6030760
1964:23 July
1802:23 July
1766:23 July
1603:2871948
1546:4650183
1475:23 July
1217:1934903
1165:20 July
1065:pizzled
1033:called
1016:insects
951:lizards
935:turtles
844:raccoon
817:bonobos
787:Roots (
778:baculum
767:scrotum
751:urethra
731:prepuce
727:species
723:mammals
713:giraffe
625:Mammals
603:ratites
587:turkeys
515:gametes
474:(i.e.,
426:lizards
418:mammals
318:phallus
262:*pesnis
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180:penises
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2833:5 May
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