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behind the protuberance. If the fetus has testes and the testes produce testosterone, and if the cells of the genitals respond to the testosterone, the outer urogenital folds swell and fuse in the midline to produce the scrotum; the protuberance grows larger and straighter to form the penis; the
928:
are flat worms widely used in biological research. There are sexual and asexual planaria. Sexual planaria are hermaphrodites, possessing both testicles and ovaries. Each planarian transports its excretion to the other planarian, giving and receiving sperm.
1037:
can take place. Within each pollen grain is a male gametophyte, which consists of only three cells. In most flowering plants, the female gametophyte within the ovule consists of only seven cells. Thus there are no sex organs as such.
850:) have this orifice, from which they excrete both urine and feces in addition to serving reproductive functions. Excretory systems with analogous purpose in certain invertebrates are also sometimes referred to as cloacae.
774:
The development of the internal and external reproductive organs is determined by hormones produced by certain fetal gonads (ovaries or testicles) and the cells' response to them. The initial appearance of the
1191:
435:, while males have only one for the urethra. Male and female genitals have many nerve endings, resulting in pleasurable and highly sensitive touch. In most human societies, particularly in
1673:
810:
affecting the structure and function of genitalia, they form an organ system that evolves rapidly. A great variety of genital form and function may therefore be found among animals.
731:
326:
during sperm transfer"; female genitalia are defined as "those parts of the female reproductive tract that make direct contact with male genitalia or male products (sperm,
1714:
2383:
1063:
Similar gametangia that are similar are known as isogametangia. While male and female gametangia are known as heterogametangia, which occurs in the majority of fungi.
1181:
897:
mating and the deposition of eggs are known collectively as the external genitalia, although they may be largely internal; their components are very diverse in form.
1405:
1753:
1302:
1224:
293:. They also produce most of the primary hormones that affect sexual development, and regulate other sexual organs and sexually differentiated behaviors.
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223:
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1060:. In some fungi, the sex organs are indistinguishable from each other but, in other cases, male and female sex organs are clearly different.
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of offspring. Sex organs are found in many species of animals and plants, with their features varying depending on the species.
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1896:
986:, which in turn develop into gametophytes. Any sex organs that are produced by the plant will develop on the gametophyte. The
2246:
1711:
693:
322:, male genitalia are more strictly defined as "all male structures that are inserted in the female or that hold her near her
1819:
771:, determines the direction of the differentiation. The absence of it allows the gonads to continue to develop into ovaries.
1712:
Nature's Nether
Regions: What the Sex Lives of Bugs, Birds, and Beasts Tell Us About Evolution, Biodiversity, and Ourselves
2303:
942:
392:
1732:"Male reproductive behaviour of Naja oxiana (Eichwald, 1831) in captivity, with a case of unilateral hemipenile prolapse"
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826:) serves as the only opening for the reproductive, digestive, and urinary tracts (if present) in both sexes. All
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involves the union of the male and female germ cells, sperm and egg cells respectively. Pollen is produced in
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2308:
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switze, International
Conference on Comparative Physiology 1992 Crans; Bassau, Short & (4 August 1994).
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2015:
2010:
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likewise produce their sexually reproductive structures within the gametophytes contained within the
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The reproductive system of gastropods (slugs and snails) varies greatly from one group to another.
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1746:"Page:The Works of William Harvey (part 1 of 2).djvu/283 - Wikisource, the free online library"
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1993:
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Male and Female
Circumcision: Medical, Legal, and Ethical Considerations in Pediatric Practice
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1575:
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184:, but the sex organs themselves are inside the gametophytes within the pollen and the ovule.
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inner urogenital swellings grow, wrap around the penis, and fuse in the midline to form the
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Fanaroff and Martin's
Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine E-Book: Diseases of the Fetus and Infant
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428:
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1419:
Langerhans, R. Brian; Anderson, Christopher M.; Heinen-Kay, Justa L. (6 September 2016).
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803:, such as patterns of pubic and facial hair and female breasts that emerge at puberty.
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2714:
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2180:
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Eberhard, W.G., 1985. Sexual
Selection and Animal Genitalia. Harvard University Press
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68:
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Manoharachary, C.; Tilak, K. V. B. R.; Mallaiah, K. V.; Kunwar, I. K. (1 May 2016).
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2020:
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Hodges, Frederick
Mansfield S.; Denniston, George C.; Milos, Marilyn Fayre (2007).
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789:
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588:
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520:
189:
31:
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Purves, William K.; Sadava, David E.; Orians, Gordon H.; Heller, H. Craig (2001).
1775:
Purves, William K.; Sadava, David E.; Orians, Gordon H.; Heller, H. Craig (2001).
285:
following female development. As primary sex organs, gonads generate reproductive
1927:
1803:
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represents a primary factor for genital evolution. Male genitalia show traits of
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2719:
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1113:
1057:
975:
843:
671:
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169:
40:
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26:
998:, have small gametophytes that develop inside the pollen grains (male) and the
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987:
967:
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165:
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348:. However, gonads most likely evolved independently several times. At first,
318:, given the great variety in organs, physiologies, and behaviors involved in
2736:
2452:
2190:
2155:
2143:
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947:
In most plant species, an individual has both male and female sex organs (a
853:
Penile and clitoral structures are present in some birds and some reptiles.
835:
827:
745:
1454:
1317:
536:
299:
are the rest of the reproductive system, whether internal or external. The
133:, visible at birth in both sexes, while the inner parts are referred to as
1295:
859:
fish is determined by the shape of a fleshy tube behind the anus known as
63:
of an organism. Sex organs are responsible for producing and transporting
2744:
2664:
2499:
2432:
2361:
2207:
2108:
1437:
1420:
1228:. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 2–5.
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181:
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90:
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2175:
2148:
1691:
Comparative evidence for the evolution of genitalia by sexual selection
1550:
Daphne's Dance: True Tales in the
Evolution of Woman's Sexual Awareness
991:
983:
979:
971:
831:
784:
696: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
493:
413:
315:
185:
149:
141:
110:
64:
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117:. The testicle in the male and the ovary in the female are called the
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2003:
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83:
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Heritage, J.; Evans, E. G. V.; Killington, R. A. (26 January 1996).
192:
and pollen. The cones and pollen are not themselves sexual organs.
21:
2774:
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2704:
2684:
2674:
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2576:
2566:
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2509:
2437:
1635:
Martin, Richard J.; Fanaroff, Avory A.; Walsh, Michele C. (2014).
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881:
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The process of sexual differentiation includes the development of
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1998:
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In animals (including humans), the male sex organs include the
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1977:
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753:
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290:
206:
1898:
Mycology and
Microbiology (A Textbook for UG and PG Courses)
230:
1306:. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
311:, is used to describe the externally visible sex organs.
234:
1946:
1929:
The
Evolution of Primary Sexual Characters in Animals
1680:
Trends in
Ecology & Evolution 19.2 (2004): 87-93.
1140:
Anatomy and Physiology: Understanding the Human Body
277:, a pair of internal sex organs, which diverge into
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2655:
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2551:
2523:
2413:
2399:
2294:
2127:
1984:
1242:. Biology.clc.uc.edu. 16 March 2001. Archived from
732:
List of homologues of the human reproductive system
195:Together, the sex organs constitute an organism's
1926:Leonard, Janet L.; Córdoba-Aguilar, Alex (2010).
783:with a small protuberance in the middle, and the
1167:ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
140:In plants, male reproductive structures include
1268:. Emc.maricopa.edu. 18 May 2010. Archived from
439:ones, exposure of the genitals is considered a
168:for reproductive organs, which are part of the
55:, is a part of an organism that is involved in
16:Biological part involved in sexual reproduction
1421:"Causes and Consequences of Genital Evolution"
2377:
1962:
1143:. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 25.
78:Sex organs are typically differentiated into
8:
1580:. Oxford University Press, US. p. 219.
1526:. University of Chicago Press. p. 583.
121:. All other sex-related organs are known as
1404:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
330:) during or immediately after copulation".
2652:
2384:
2370:
2362:
1969:
1955:
1947:
1874:. Cambridge University Press. p. 19.
1641:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1522.
1384:. Cambridge University Press. p. 54.
1351:Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas (30 August 2007).
148:. Female reproductive structures, such as
137:, which in both sexes, are always hidden.
1485:
1436:
712:Learn how and when to remove this message
649:Human female external sex organs (shaved
446:In humans, sex organs/genitalia include:
427:, females have two genital orifices, the
257:Learn how and when to remove this message
1470:"Sexual selection and genital evolution"
1357:. Oxford University Press. p. 252.
1033:, which has the ovule at its base where
448:
229:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1132:
1130:
1126:
779:genitalia looks female-like: a pair of
540:Human male external sex organs (shaved
344:It is hard to find a common origin for
1901:. Scientific Publishers. p. 328.
1670:Sexual selection and genital evolution
1668:Hosken, David J., and Paula Stockley."
1523:Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy
1397:
726:Development of the reproductive system
241:to additional sources at this section.
156:and receive pollen for fertilization.
1577:Unpopular Privacy: What Must We Hide?
740:, sex organs originate from a common
371:that are driven by sexual selection.
7:
982:. The sporophyte produces spores by
694:adding citations to reliable sources
101:; the female sex organs include the
59:. Sex organs constitute the primary
2065:Heterogametic sex / Homogametic sex
1932:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1547:Brigitta Olsen (15 November 2009).
1425:Integrative and Comparative Biology
1170:. Blue Rose Publishers. p. 14.
1084:Genital modification and mutilation
408:genitals for males consists of the
281:following male development or into
144:in flowering plants, which produce
125:. The outer parts are known as the
71:and supporting the development and
1822:from the original on 10 April 2023
1756:from the original on 25 March 2023
1194:from the original on 19 March 2023
1187:American Museum of Natural History
822:, a single posterior orifice (the
792:. Each sex organ in one sex has a
416:; for females, it consists of the
222:relies largely or entirely upon a
14:
1381:The Differences Between the Sexes
921:Reproductive system of planarians
907:Reproductive system of gastropods
2346:
2345:
2139:Evolution of sexual reproduction
1802:Pal, Nishant (6 December 2021).
834:, some fish, and a few mammals (
801:secondary sexual characteristics
670:
340:Evolution of sexual reproduction
211:
978:produces sperm or egg cells by
681:needs additional citations for
164:, and some similar plants have
2247:Sexual reproduction in animals
1354:The Evolution of Organ Systems
1266:"Flowering Plant Reproduction"
1:
1574:Anita Allen (November 2011).
1553:. Brigitta Olsen. p. 9.
943:Plant reproductive morphology
393:Mammalian reproductive system
363:A consensus has emerged that
152:in flowering plants, produce
2119:Sex as a biological variable
2102:Simultaneous hermaphroditism
1844:Life: The Science of Biology
1778:Life: The Science of Biology
1701:Nature 393.6687 (1998): 784.
1808:. Independently Published.
1607:. Springer US. p. 10.
1297:"Reproductive System"
2838:
2257:Penile-vaginal intercourse
2097:Sequential hermaphroditism
1847:. Macmillan. p. 665.
1781:. Macmillan. p. 176.
1468:Simmons, Leigh W. (2014).
1104:Obstetrics and gynaecology
1045:
964:alternation of generations
939:Alternation of generations
936:
918:
904:
893:The organs concerned with
878:Insect reproductive system
875:
729:
723:
390:
337:
307:, sometimes anglicized as
67:, as well as facilitating
2341:
2087:Testis-determining factor
1871:Introductory Microbiology
1164:Deol, Pooja Soni (2023).
1137:Clark, Robert K. (2005).
1010:In flowering plants, the
769:testis determining factor
763:, usually located on the
397:Human reproductive system
2028:Sex-determination system
1014:contain the sex organs.
888:genitalia of Lepidoptera
1710:Schilthuizen, M. 2014.
1697:27 January 2012 at the
1676:12 October 2017 at the
1322:Encyclopædia Britannica
1303:Encyclopædia Britannica
1225:Encyclopædia Britannica
1017:Sexual reproduction in
401:The visible portion of
289:containing inheritable
2393:Human regional anatomy
2011:Sexual differentiation
1025:and is carried to the
890:
806:Because of the strong
654:
545:
44:
25:The sex organs of the
2053:Temperature-dependent
885:
648:
539:
391:Further information:
24:
1717:14 June 2023 at the
752:into male or female
738:prenatal development
690:improve this article
511:Bulbourethral glands
297:Secondary sex organs
235:improve this article
123:secondary sex organs
2269:Hormonal motivation
2242:Fungal reproduction
2161:Reproductive system
1219:"Pollination"
1182:"Parts of a Flower"
369:divergent evolution
197:reproductive system
180:produce pollen and
61:sex characteristics
57:sexual reproduction
2274:Human reproduction
2252:Sexual intercourse
2237:Plant reproduction
1689:Arnqvist, Göran. "
1474:Austral Entomology
1438:10.1093/icb/icw101
1240:"Mosses and Ferns"
1052:The sex organs in
891:
655:
635:Bartholin's glands
546:
271:primary sex organs
135:internal genitalia
131:external genitalia
119:primary sex organs
53:reproductive organ
51:, also known as a
45:
2809:
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2359:
2358:
2279:Lordosis behavior
1994:Sexual dimorphism
1908:978-93-86102-13-3
1881:978-0-521-44977-9
1854:978-0-7167-3873-2
1815:979-8-7799-0473-5
1788:978-0-7167-3873-2
1750:en.wikisource.org
1648:978-0-32329-537-6
1614:978-0-58539-937-9
1587:978-0-19-514137-5
1560:978-0-9842117-0-8
1533:978-0-226-87013-7
1487:10.1111/aen.12053
1391:978-0-521-44878-9
1364:978-0-19-856668-7
1272:on 8 October 2012
974:gametophyte. The
767:and encoding the
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433:urethral openings
425:placental mammals
358:natural selection
267:
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186:Coniferous plants
39:(red) and female
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2584:Vertebral column
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2309:Animal sexuality
2232:Sexual selection
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1019:flowering plants
996:flowering plants
990:, which include
901:Slugs and snails
808:sexual selection
781:urogenital folds
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531:Seminal vesicles
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441:public indecency
365:sexual selection
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2324:Differentiation
2314:Human sexuality
2304:Plant sexuality
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2186:Spermatogenesis
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1920:Further reading
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1048:Mating in fungi
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937:Main articles:
935:
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861:genital papilla
848:marsupial moles
816:
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707:
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698:
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664:
608:Fallopian tubes
521:Vasa deferentia
399:
387:
382:
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356:evolved due to
342:
336:
263:
252:
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243:
237:by introducing
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2070:Sex chromosome
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2018:
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1990:
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1460:
1431:(4): 741–751.
1411:
1390:
1370:
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1343:
1334:
1309:
1294:, ed. (1911).
1292:Chisholm, Hugh
1283:
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1216:, ed. (1911).
1214:Chisholm, Hugh
1205:
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905:Main article:
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876:Main article:
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818:In many other
815:
812:
724:Main article:
720:
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386:
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338:Main article:
335:
332:
328:spermatophores
265:
264:
233:. Please help
219:
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2284:Pelvic thrust
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2215:Fertilization
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2181:Gametogenesis
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2114:parasexuality
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2092:Hermaphrodite
2090:
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2058:Haplodiploidy
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1805:Plant Biology
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1721:. Penguin USA
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1150:9780763748166
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1120:
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1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
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1099:Intimate part
1097:
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1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1066:
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1059:
1056:are known as
1055:
1049:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1035:fertilization
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1005:
1003:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
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969:
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957:
952:
950:
949:hermaphrodite
944:
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867:Invertebrates
866:
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841:
837:
833:
829:
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821:
814:Other animals
813:
811:
809:
804:
802:
797:
796:counterpart.
795:
791:
786:
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778:
772:
770:
766:
762:
759:
755:
751:
750:differentiate
747:
744:during early
743:
739:
733:
727:
716:
713:
705:
695:
691:
685:
684:
679:This section
677:
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288:
284:
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226:
225:
224:single source
220:This section
218:
209:
208:
202:
200:
198:
193:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
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138:
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120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
87:
85:
81:
76:
74:
70:
69:fertilization
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
42:
38:
35:are the male
34:
33:
28:
23:
19:
2615:
2533:Adam's apple
2203:spermatozoon
2165:
2131:reproduction
2080:Y chromosome
2075:X chromosome
2021:Virilization
2016:Feminization
1928:
1897:
1890:
1870:
1863:
1843:
1836:
1824:. Retrieved
1804:
1797:
1777:
1770:
1758:. Retrieved
1749:
1740:
1726:
1706:
1685:
1664:
1652:. Retrieved
1637:
1630:
1618:. Retrieved
1603:
1596:
1576:
1569:
1549:
1542:
1522:
1512:
1477:
1473:
1463:
1428:
1424:
1414:
1380:
1373:
1353:
1346:
1337:
1325:. Retrieved
1321:
1312:
1301:
1286:
1274:. Retrieved
1270:the original
1260:
1248:. Retrieved
1244:the original
1234:
1223:
1208:
1196:. Retrieved
1185:
1176:
1166:
1159:
1139:
1109:Oophorectomy
1094:Hysterectomy
1079:Emasculation
1062:
1051:
1016:
1009:
953:
946:
924:
910:
892:
855:
852:
844:golden moles
817:
805:
798:
790:penile raphe
773:
765:Y chromosome
735:
708:
699:
688:Please help
683:verification
680:
601:
600:
589:Labia minora
584:Labia majora
550:
549:
516:Epididymides
499:
498:
465:
464:
445:
437:conservative
422:
400:
388:
362:
343:
313:
308:
304:
296:
295:
270:
268:
253:
244:
221:
194:
139:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
95:epididymides
88:
77:
52:
48:
46:
30:
18:
1654:24 November
1620:24 November
1480:(1): 1–17.
1114:Orchiectomy
988:seed plants
976:gametophyte
960:land plants
886:The female
820:vertebrates
736:In typical
702:August 2021
662:Development
380:Vertebrates
314:In general
247:August 2021
203:Terminology
170:gametophyte
27:green algae
2822:Sex organs
2700:Fingernail
2264:Copulation
1985:Biological
1121:References
1058:gametangia
1002:(female).
968:sporophyte
966:between a
956:life cycle
836:monotremes
828:amphibians
794:homologous
742:primordium
730:See also:
651:pubic hair
542:pubic hair
320:copulation
166:gametangia
41:archegonia
37:antheridia
2616:Genitalia
2319:Mechanics
2296:Sexuality
2191:Oogenesis
2166:Sex organ
2156:Germ cell
2144:Anisogamy
1496:2052-1758
1447:1540-7063
1400:cite book
1327:21 August
1074:Andrology
962:involves
830:, birds,
746:gestation
594:Vestibule
526:Testicles
406:mammalian
403:eutherian
334:Evolution
305:genitalia
279:testicles
239:citations
231:talk page
182:egg cells
91:testicles
49:sex organ
2816:Category
2745:Buttocks
2665:Shoulder
2500:Mandible
2433:Forehead
2351:Category
2329:Activity
2225:Internal
2220:External
2109:Intersex
1826:25 March
1820:Archived
1760:25 March
1754:Archived
1715:Archived
1695:Archived
1674:Archived
1520:(1992).
1504:53690631
1455:27600556
1276:1 August
1250:1 August
1198:19 March
1192:Archived
1067:See also
992:conifers
926:Planaria
915:Planaria
832:reptiles
602:Internal
562:Clitoris
551:External
506:Prostate
500:Internal
477:Foreskin
466:External
324:gonopore
309:genitals
273:are the
127:genitals
111:oviducts
103:clitoris
86:types.
2790:Toenail
2680:Forearm
2626:Scrotum
2572:Midriff
2562:Abdomen
2555:(Trunk)
2505:Occiput
2448:Eyebrow
2176:Meiosis
2149:Isogamy
1734:. 2018.
1318:"Gonad"
1023:stamens
1012:flowers
1006:Flowers
984:meiosis
980:mitosis
972:haploid
872:Insects
840:tenrecs
785:urethra
613:Ovaries
494:Scrotum
429:vaginal
414:scrotum
385:Mammals
375:Animals
354:ovaries
316:zoology
287:gametes
283:ovaries
174:flowers
150:pistils
142:stamens
107:ovaries
65:gametes
43:(brown)
2725:Little
2715:Middle
2695:Finger
2670:Axilla
2611:Pelvis
2604:Nipple
2599:Breast
2594:Thorax
2538:Throat
2515:Temple
2478:Tongue
2458:Eyelid
2198:Gamete
2171:Mating
2129:Sexual
2004:Female
1936:
1905:
1878:
1851:
1812:
1785:
1645:
1611:
1584:
1557:
1530:
1502:
1494:
1453:
1445:
1388:
1361:
1147:
1031:carpel
1027:pistil
970:and a
933:Plants
895:insect
857:Sexing
846:, and
824:cloaca
756:. The
630:Vagina
623:Cervix
618:Uterus
458:Female
350:testes
346:gonads
275:gonads
172:. The
158:Mosses
154:ovules
146:pollen
115:vagina
113:, and
97:, and
84:female
2775:Ankle
2755:Thigh
2710:Index
2705:Thumb
2685:Wrist
2675:Elbow
2648:Limbs
2631:Vulva
2621:Penis
2577:Navel
2567:Waist
2553:Torso
2510:Scalp
2483:Tooth
2468:Mouth
2438:Cheek
1987:terms
1500:S2CID
1054:fungi
1042:Fungi
1000:ovule
777:fetal
754:sexes
567:Glans
557:Vulva
487:Glans
482:Shaft
472:Penis
418:vulva
410:penis
303:term
301:Latin
190:cones
162:ferns
99:penis
73:birth
32:Chara
2795:Sole
2780:Heel
2770:Foot
2765:Calf
2760:Knee
2720:Ring
2690:Hand
2638:Anus
2589:Back
2543:Nape
2525:Neck
2463:Nose
2443:Chin
2428:Face
2423:Hair
2415:Head
2407:Skin
2401:Body
2208:ovum
1999:Male
1934:ISBN
1903:ISBN
1876:ISBN
1849:ISBN
1828:2023
1810:ISBN
1783:ISBN
1762:2023
1656:2023
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