291:, or "the Just". Although imperial propaganda issued on behalf of Septimius Severus later claimed that Niger was the first to rebel against Didius Julianus, it was Severus who persisted, claiming the imperial title on 14 April. Although Niger sent envoys to Rome to announce his elevation to the imperial throne, his messengers were intercepted by Severus. As Niger began bolstering his support in the eastern provinces, Severus marched on Rome which he entered in early June 193 after Julianus had been murdered.
218:
42:
570:
no use as hostages, and were allowed to live in retirement, where it was supposed, they would play no further part in public affairs. Given the unreliability of the
Historia Augusta, which often served as a propaganda vehicle for succeeding emperors, this is almost certainly the more likely outcome.
569:
After his victory in the east, Severus punished Niger's supporters. He had Niger's wife and children put to death, while his estates were confiscated.`However, according to Roman scholar
Geoffrey Turton, Septimius refrained from vindictive reprisals. After Niger's death his wife and children served
619:
Pescennius is known to have been married and had children. The names of his children are not mentioned in any sources, nor how many they were. In the past it has been supposed by some historians based on medals bearing the inscription "Pescennia
Plautiana Augusta" that Niger was married to a woman
566:. Niger was beheaded, and his severed head was taken to Byzantium, but the city refused to surrender. Eventually, Severus stormed and completely destroyed Byzantium before he had it rebuilt. Niger's head eventually found its way to Rome where it was displayed.
205:, Niger's parents were Annius Fuscus and Lampridia. It also states that his grandfather was a supervisor of Aquinum. He may have had a brother named Publius Pescennius Niger who is recorded in an inscription to have been a member of the
272:
and soon a popular demonstration against Didius
Julianus broke out, during which the citizens called out for Niger to come to Rome and claim the imperial title for himself. As a consequence, it is alleged that Julianus dispatched a
516:. As Severus approached, he offered Niger the opportunity to surrender and go into exile, but Niger refused, trusting in the outcome of a military encounter. In the fall of 193, Candidus met Aemilianus in battle at
611:"fuscus", meaning "brown", and though his body was allegedly white and corpulent, his face was dark red with a very black neck, which was thought "by many men" to have been the origin of his cognomen "Niger".
480:
Although the
Asiatic provinces contained great wealth, Niger's military resources were inferior to Severus’. While Severus had the sixteen Danubian legions at his disposal, Niger possessed only six: three in
535:, where he held the passes for a few months while he returned to Antioch. However, Niger's support in Asia was falling. Some previously loyal cities changed their allegiance, in particular
473:, while Severus did as much as he could to protect the wheat supply, and ordered troops loyal to him to keep watch on the western border of Egypt and prevent the legion stationed there –
520:, resulting in Niger's forces being defeated as well as the capture and death of Aemilianus. Byzantium was now placed under siege, forcing Niger to abandon the city and retreat to
4722:
436:
4796:
284:
The result of the unrest in Rome saw Niger proclaimed
Emperor by the eastern legions by the end of April 193. On his accession, Niger took the additional
4811:
4737:
4732:
4712:
4707:
4717:
531:
in later
December 193, which also resulted in a defeat for Niger. Nevertheless, Niger was able to withdraw the bulk of his army intact to the
4697:
4702:
4836:
4801:
4692:
2472:
2260:
630:
429:
713:
704:
4681:
3442:
3158:
2026:
1286:
1260:
512:
ahead of him. Niger, having made
Byzantium his headquarters, gave Asellius Aemilianus the task of defending the southern shore of the
578:
The name "Pescennius Niger" means "black
Pescennius", which incidentally contrasts him with one of his rivals for the throne in 194,
453:
to capture Niger's children and hold them as hostages. Meanwhile, Niger was busy securing the support of all of the governors in the
4806:
684:
1183:
4816:
3934:
1091:
4727:
3984:
3711:
3567:
1104:
709:
700:
422:
524:. The city remained loyal to Pescennius Niger, and it would take Severus until the end of 195 to finally capture Byzantium.
4280:
4070:
4002:
3867:
3734:
3644:
3457:
1575:
221:
AR denarius
Pescennius Niger. Antioch mint, 3.12 g. Inscription: IMP CAES G PESC NIGER IVST AVG COS II /FELICITAS TEMPOR.
3852:
3789:
3072:
250:
4826:
4213:
3322:
3234:
2719:
2496:
2487:
1142:
551:
399:
4747:
4042:
3375:
3112:
2939:
2871:
1453:
509:
4563:
2334:
470:
308:
234:
172:
2408:
2179:
2041:
450:
620:
named Plautiana or that he had a daughter named Pescennia Plautiana, but the medals are said to be forgeries.
558:
in May 194, where after a long and hard-fought struggle, Niger was decisively defeated. Forced to retreat to
449:
Severus wasted no time consolidating his hold on Rome, and ordered his newly appointed prefect of the watch,
4841:
4248:
4163:
4140:
2457:
2319:
2256:
2045:
1845:
1661:
544:
517:
474:
217:
4752:
4742:
4290:
4269:
4188:
3102:
2962:
2572:
2206:
2166:
1960:
1902:
1786:
1590:
1253:
1073:
482:
254:
462:
4762:
4238:
4203:
4183:
4173:
4135:
2639:
1993:
1172:
555:
454:
2735:
1034:
Descriptive Catalogue of a Cabinet of Roman Imperial Large-brass Medals by Captain William Henry Smyth
41:
4263:
4218:
3591:
3219:
3154:
3007:
3002:
2709:
2704:
2557:
1983:
1771:
1650:
595:
4831:
4253:
4228:
4193:
4130:
3505:
3480:
2684:
2679:
2103:
1534:
587:
502:
233:. Not much is known of his early career; it is possible that he held an administrative position in
4543:
4530:
4107:
3117:
2689:
2664:
1731:
1506:
498:
646:, another crony of Commodus, compete against each other in the auction for the throne of Rome.
4598:
4577:
4471:
4438:
4150:
3485:
3107:
2987:
2609:
2537:
2195:
1998:
1988:
1920:
1246:
1230:
1219:
680:
375:
184:
76:
4777:
4604:
4198:
3952:
3535:
2832:
2728:
2669:
2093:
2073:
1100:
603:
532:
528:
201:
1166:
225:
Although Niger was born into an old Italian equestrian family, around the year 135, he was
4549:
4519:
4478:
4414:
4158:
4088:
3958:
3297:
2952:
2674:
2068:
1706:
1674:
1513:
1223:
1203:
1187:
1146:
1095:
639:
579:
408:
363:
339:
265:
180:
66:
4821:
4757:
4645:
4443:
4404:
4122:
4078:
3947:
3031:
2957:
2787:
2659:
2619:
2367:
2219:
2184:
2174:
2108:
2063:
1945:
1940:
1520:
1499:
1465:
635:
513:
486:
246:
206:
1180:
4790:
4324:
4223:
4055:
4025:
3701:
3556:
3413:
3282:
3122:
3097:
3047:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2634:
2441:
2372:
2362:
2224:
1978:
1726:
1669:
1622:
1459:
1418:
1210:
543:. By February 13, 194, Egypt had declared for Severus, as had the imperial legate of
540:
230:
168:
1085:
594:
a "black/dark man" (ἄνθρωποι τὸν μέλανα) breaking into the emperor's camp, this was
4409:
4243:
4233:
4208:
4060:
4010:
3969:
3695:
3607:
3495:
3408:
3388:
3307:
3272:
3267:
3092:
2802:
2624:
2614:
2577:
2532:
2446:
2436:
2426:
2342:
2058:
1935:
1744:
1685:
1545:
1492:
1397:
638:
and depicted as a scheming henchman of Commodus. At the end of the film, Niger and
100:
88:
32:
4513:
4458:
4309:
4258:
4178:
4050:
3942:
3924:
3882:
3793:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3628:
3612:
3585:
3550:
3540:
3475:
3428:
3418:
3403:
3393:
3340:
3302:
3277:
3257:
3247:
3013:
2997:
2972:
2967:
2767:
2694:
2604:
2587:
2542:
2517:
2451:
2431:
2416:
2398:
2128:
2123:
1930:
1757:
1737:
1551:
1485:
1476:
1360:
1069:
643:
583:
121:
767:
765:
763:
761:
759:
4630:
4584:
4537:
4492:
4464:
4285:
4168:
4093:
4020:
3909:
3724:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3634:
3622:
3602:
3575:
3545:
3525:
3470:
3423:
3398:
3330:
3292:
3262:
3252:
2992:
2792:
2782:
2552:
2547:
2512:
2421:
2393:
2214:
2118:
2113:
2098:
2083:
1891:
1885:
1799:
1527:
1345:
1282:
226:
4570:
4485:
4448:
4374:
4368:
4295:
4275:
3992:
3974:
3919:
3899:
3762:
3597:
3580:
3530:
3383:
3350:
3345:
3287:
3086:
2907:
2860:
2772:
2749:
2522:
2388:
2357:
1925:
1751:
1632:
1369:
655:
466:
458:
274:
2812:
1139:
49:
of Pescennius Niger, Antioch mint. Legend: IMP CAES C PESC NIGER IVST AVG.
4640:
4635:
4624:
4591:
4506:
4499:
4453:
4425:
4419:
4384:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
3964:
3904:
3747:
3719:
3312:
3242:
3054:
3040:
3020:
2982:
2894:
2839:
2797:
2629:
2599:
2562:
2507:
2352:
2229:
2134:
2078:
1973:
1880:
1874:
1863:
1829:
1713:
1699:
1692:
1679:
1643:
1383:
1081:
608:
327:
285:
261:
242:
176:
4617:
4556:
4399:
4083:
3894:
3888:
3876:
3757:
3752:
3689:
3668:
3513:
3465:
3365:
3355:
3080:
2977:
2947:
2929:
2918:
2901:
2853:
2846:
2777:
2699:
2347:
2155:
2141:
2053:
2004:
1910:
1853:
1804:
1637:
1627:
1607:
1540:
1390:
1269:
1165:
563:
559:
536:
490:
278:
188:
137:
28:
469:
in the name of Niger. He then proceeded to secure direct control over
4524:
4394:
4031:
3914:
3519:
3490:
3360:
3335:
3127:
3061:
2887:
2880:
2807:
2762:
2756:
2582:
2502:
2088:
1915:
1868:
1822:
1794:
1720:
1598:
1557:
1439:
1404:
1376:
521:
494:
493:. Niger therefore decided to act aggressively, and sent a force into
46:
1048:
The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society
4610:
4389:
4379:
4357:
4015:
2924:
2912:
2825:
2742:
2593:
2527:
2189:
2011:
1858:
1816:
1810:
1602:
1561:
1432:
1425:
1411:
1050:. Vol. 15–16. Royal Numismatic Society. 1875. pp. 34–40.
591:
238:
216:
1134:
The Cambridge Ancient History: The Crisis of Empire, A.D. 193-337
4362:
4352:
3742:
3617:
2818:
2148:
1968:
1950:
1835:
1617:
1612:
1446:
508:
Severus then marched from Rome to the east, sending his general
269:
4670:
3787:
3152:
2254:
1280:
1242:
2567:
260:
He was still serving in Syria when news came of the murder of
175:. He claimed the imperial throne in response to the murder of
1238:
550:
After Severus had replaced Candidus with another general,
264:, followed by the auctioning off of the imperial title to
1149:
Meckler, Michael L, "Pescennius Niger (193-194 A.D.)",
128:
Imperator Caesar Gaius Pescennius Niger Iustus Augustus
245:’ reign. During the late 180s, Niger was elected as a
4323:
4308:
4149:
4121:
4106:
4069:
4041:
4001:
3983:
3933:
3866:
3851:
3818:
3809:
3733:
3710:
3643:
3566:
3504:
3456:
3441:
3374:
3321:
3233:
3218:
3183:
3174:
3071:
3030:
2938:
2870:
2718:
2486:
2471:
2407:
2381:
2333:
2318:
2285:
2276:
2205:
2165:
2040:
2025:
1959:
1901:
1844:
1785:
1770:
1660:
1589:
1574:
1475:
1359:
1344:
1311:
1302:
926:
924:
922:
154:
146:
136:
120:
110:
94:
82:
72:
62:
54:
21:
886:
884:
853:
851:
227:the first member of his family to achieve the rank
820:
818:
749:
747:
562:, Niger was captured while attempting to flee to
900:
898:
896:
497:where it defeated a part of Severus’ army under
277:to the east with orders to assassinate Niger at
586:"Roman History" reports that, when a priest of
237:, and that he served in a military campaign in
1254:
916:Bowman, p. 4; Potter, p. 104; Southern, p. 33
430:
268:. Niger was a well regarded public figure in
8:
1120:The Roman Empire from Severus to Constantine
187:, and killed while attempting to flee from
4667:
4320:
4118:
3863:
3815:
3806:
3784:
3453:
3230:
3180:
3171:
3149:
2483:
2330:
2282:
2273:
2251:
2037:
1782:
1586:
1356:
1308:
1299:
1277:
1261:
1247:
1239:
1192:
437:
423:
298:
40:
18:
209:in AD 183, during the reign of Commodus.
1140:http://www.roman-emperors.org/pniger.htm
183:, but was defeated by a rival claimant,
677:The Historia Augusta: A Call of Clarity
667:
547:, further diminishing Niger's chances.
385:
320:
301:
679:. Vol. 8. R. Habelt. p. 79.
477:– from sending military aid to Niger.
107:
912:
910:
7:
4797:2nd-century Roman governors of Syria
1176:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
582:, whose name means "white Clodius".
1127:The Roman Empire at Bay, AD 180-395
598:as referring to Pescennius Niger.
554:, Niger met Anullinus in battle at
1136:, Cambridge University Press, 2005
527:Another battle took place outside
14:
1164:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
4812:Suffect consuls of Imperial Rome
249:, after which Commodus made him
1181:Pescennius Niger at Livius.Org
943:; Bowman, p. 4; Potter, p. 104
812:; Potter, p. 101; Bowman, p. 2
1:
4281:Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator
1032:Smyth, William Henry (1834).
833:Southern, p. 28; Bowman, p. 2
16:Roman emperor from 193 to 194
952:Bowman, p. 4; Potter, p. 104
631:The Fall of The Roman Empire
4214:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
552:Publius Cornelius Anullinus
295:Septimius Severus and Niger
171:from 193 to 194 during the
4858:
4837:2nd-century Roman emperors
4802:People from Roman Anatolia
3113:Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef
2497:Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep
2261:Second Intermediate Period
866:Southern, p. 32; Meckler,
510:Tiberius Claudius Candidus
4775:
4677:
4666:
4564:Lucius Mussius Aemilianus
4254:Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos
3805:
3783:
3170:
3159:Third Intermediate Period
3148:
2272:
2250:
1298:
1287:First Intermediate Period
1276:
1227:
1208:
1200:
1195:
737:Potter, p. 101; Meckler,
457:, including the esteemed
309:Year of the Five Emperors
173:Year of the Five Emperors
127:
115:
106:
39:
26:
4807:Roman governors of Syria
4276:Cleopatra VII Philopator
2533:Ameny Antef Amenemhet VI
1291: (<3150–2040 BC)
1167:"Pescennius Niger"
1151:De Imperatoribus Romanis
1106:Life of Pescennius Niger
1020:Life of Pescennius Niger
985:Life of Pescennius Niger
451:Gaius Fulvius Plautianus
302:Roman imperial dynasties
4249:Ptolemy XI Alexander II
4164:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
2458:Seankhibtawy Seankhibra
842:Bowman, p. 4; Meckler,
796:Bowman, p. 2; Meckler,
485:, the two stationed in
475:Legio II Traiana Fortis
4817:Deaths by decapitation
4291:Ptolemy XIV Philopator
4270:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
4264:Berenice IV Epiphaneia
4219:Ptolemy VIII Euergetes
4189:Arsinoe III Philopator
3103:Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef
2573:Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw
2513:Sekhemkare Amenemhat V
2104:Neferkare VI Pepiseneb
400:Nerva–Antonine dynasty
222:
165:Gaius Pescennius Niger
116:Gaius Pescennius Niger
4239:Ptolemy X Alexander I
4204:Ptolemy VI Philometor
4184:Ptolemy IV Philopator
4179:Berenice II Euergetes
4174:Ptolemy III Euergetes
4136:Philip III Arrhidaeus
2645:Khahotepre Sobekhotep
2640:Merhotepre Sobekhotep
1994:Merenre Nemtyemsaf II
1173:Catholic Encyclopedia
1125:Potter, David Stone,
998:The Syrian Princesses
741:, Cassius Dio, 75:6:1
675:Syme, Ronald (1971).
607:, his father had the
489:, and one located at
220:
179:and the elevation of
167:(c. 135 – 194) was a
58:9 April 193 – May 194
4672:Dynastic genealogies
4296:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
3592:Tutkheperre Shoshenq
3506:High Priests of Amun
3008:Merankhre Mentuhotep
2710:Seheqenre Sankhptahi
2705:Sewadjare Mentuhotep
2558:Khaankhre Sobekhotep
2265: (2040–1550 BC)
1984:Merenre Nemtyemsaf I
1217:in competition with
1036:. Webb. p. 176.
4194:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
4131:Alexander the Great
3163: (1550–664 BC)
2685:Mershepsesre Ini II
2680:Merkawre Sobekhotep
2074:Neferkare IV Khendu
1077:, Books 74 & 75
1018:Historian Augusta,
634:Niger is played by
465:, who had occupied
463:Asellius Aemilianus
4827:2nd-century births
4531:Trebonianus Gallus
3118:Senakhtenre Ahmose
2736:Ya'ammu Nubwoserre
2690:Sewahenre Senebmiu
2665:Sankhenre Sewadjtu
2094:Neferkare V Tereru
2064:Neferkare III Neby
1732:Sekhemib-Perenmaat
1186:2014-11-23 at the
1145:2012-01-28 at the
1094:2015-07-08 at the
983:Historia Augusta,
728:, vol. III, p. 24.
499:Lucius Fabius Cilo
223:
4784:
4783:
4771:
4770:
4662:
4661:
4658:
4657:
4654:
4653:
4578:Claudius Gothicus
4472:Severus Alexander
4439:Septimius Severus
4304:
4303:
4102:
4101:
3847:
3846:
3779:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3486:Osorkon the Elder
3437:
3436:
3214:
3213:
3144:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3108:Nubkheperre Intef
2988:Sekhemre Shedwast
2610:Sehetepkare Intef
2538:Semenkare Nebnuni
2467:
2466:
2314:
2313:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2021:
2020:
1999:Netjerkare Siptah
1921:Neferirkare Kakai
1766:
1765:
1570:
1569:
1340:
1339:
1237:
1236:
1231:Septimius Severus
1228:Succeeded by
1220:Septimius Severus
1132:Bowman, Alan K.,
1129:, Routledge, 2004
1122:, Routledge, 2001
1113:Secondary sources
1089:, Books 2 & 3
965:; Southern, p. 33
787:; Southern, p. 28
455:Asiatic provinces
447:
446:
414:
413:
376:Septimius Severus
315:
185:Septimius Severus
162:
161:
132:
131:
77:Septimius Severus
4849:
4778:List of pharaohs
4668:
4433:Pescennius Niger
4321:
4317:
4316:
4229:Ptolemy IX Soter
4199:Cleopatra I Syra
4119:
4115:
4114:
3864:
3860:
3859:
3816:
3807:
3800:
3799:
3785:
3536:Djedkhonsuefankh
3454:
3450:
3449:
3231:
3227:
3226:
3201:
3196:
3181:
3172:
3165:
3164:
3150:
2743:Qareh Khawoserre
2729:Yakbim Sekhaenre
2670:Mersekhemre Ined
2484:
2480:
2479:
2331:
2327:
2326:
2283:
2274:
2267:
2266:
2252:
2038:
2034:
2033:
1783:
1779:
1778:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1309:
1300:
1293:
1292:
1278:
1263:
1256:
1249:
1240:
1201:Preceded by
1193:
1177:
1169:
1101:Historia Augusta
1052:
1051:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1029:
1023:
1016:
1010:
1007:
1001:
994:
988:
981:
975:
972:
966:
963:Pescennius Niger
959:
953:
950:
944:
941:Pescennius Niger
937:
931:
928:
917:
914:
905:
902:
891:
888:
879:
876:
870:
868:Pescennius Niger
864:
858:
855:
846:
844:Pescennius Niger
840:
834:
831:
825:
822:
813:
810:Pescennius Niger
806:
800:
798:Pescennius Niger
794:
788:
785:Pescennius Niger
781:
775:
773:Pescennius Niger
769:
754:
751:
742:
739:Pescennius Niger
735:
729:
723:
717:
697:
691:
690:
672:
604:Historia Augusta
533:Taurus Mountains
439:
432:
425:
392:
391:
352:Pescennius Niger
313:
299:
202:Historia Augusta
108:
98:194 (aged 53–59)
44:
22:Pescennius Niger
19:
4857:
4856:
4852:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4847:
4846:
4787:
4786:
4785:
4780:
4767:
4673:
4650:
4550:Macrianus Minor
4479:Maximinus Thrax
4415:Marcus Aurelius
4314:
4313:
4312:
4300:
4159:Ptolemy I Soter
4145:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4098:
4065:
4037:
3997:
3979:
3959:Psammetichus IV
3929:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3843:
3821:
3812:
3801:
3798:(664 BC–313 AD)
3797:
3796:
3767:
3729:
3706:
3702:Menkheperre Ini
3639:
3562:
3500:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3433:
3370:
3317:
3298:Neferneferuaten
3224:
3223:
3222:
3210:
3209:
3199:
3194:
3193:Pharaohs
3186:
3177:
3166:
3162:
3161:
3132:
3067:
3026:
2953:Sobekhotep VIII
2934:
2866:
2714:
2675:Sewadjkare Hori
2477:
2476:
2475:
2463:
2403:
2377:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2310:
2288:
2279:
2268:
2264:
2263:
2234:
2201:
2161:
2069:Djedkare Shemai
2031:
2030:
2029:
2017:
1955:
1897:
1840:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1762:
1656:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1566:
1471:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1336:
1314:
1305:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1272:
1267:
1233:
1224:Clodius Albinus
1218:
1216:
1214:
1206:
1204:Didius Julianus
1188:Wayback Machine
1163:
1160:
1147:Wayback Machine
1118:Southern, Pat.
1115:
1096:Wayback Machine
1066:
1064:Primary sources
1061:
1056:
1055:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1017:
1013:
1009:Southern, p. 28
1008:
1004:
995:
991:
982:
978:
973:
969:
960:
956:
951:
947:
938:
934:
930:Southern, p. 33
929:
920:
915:
908:
903:
894:
889:
882:
878:Southern, p. 32
877:
873:
865:
861:
856:
849:
841:
837:
832:
828:
823:
816:
807:
803:
795:
791:
782:
778:
770:
757:
752:
745:
736:
732:
724:
720:
698:
694:
687:
674:
673:
669:
664:
652:
640:Didius Julianus
626:
624:Popular culture
617:
580:Clodius Albinus
576:
443:
409:Severan dynasty
407:
398:
381:
378:
369:
366:
364:Clodius Albinus
357:
354:
345:
342:
340:Didius Julianus
333:
330:
297:
266:Didius Julianus
251:imperial legate
215:
197:
181:Didius Julianus
99:
87:
67:Didius Julianus
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4855:
4853:
4845:
4844:
4842:Roman pharaohs
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4789:
4788:
4782:
4781:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4687:
4684:
4678:
4675:
4674:
4671:
4664:
4663:
4660:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4648:
4646:Maximinus Daza
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4621:
4614:
4607:
4602:
4595:
4588:
4581:
4574:
4567:
4560:
4553:
4546:
4541:
4534:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4510:
4503:
4496:
4489:
4482:
4475:
4468:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4429:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4405:Antoninus Pius
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4329:
4327:
4318:
4315:(30 BC–313 AD)
4306:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4155:
4153:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4127:
4125:
4116:
4104:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4079:Artaxerxes III
4075:
4073:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4047:
4045:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4035:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4007:
4005:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3989:
3987:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3955:
3950:
3948:Petubastis III
3945:
3939:
3937:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3885:
3880:
3872:
3870:
3861:
3849:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3836:
3835:
3834:
3831:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3813:
3810:
3803:
3802:
3788:
3781:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3739:
3737:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3727:
3722:
3716:
3714:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3704:
3699:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3649:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3637:
3632:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3572:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3560:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3516:
3510:
3508:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3462:
3460:
3451:
3443:3 Intermediate
3439:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3380:
3378:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3327:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3239:
3237:
3228:
3225:(1550–1070 BC)
3216:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3178:
3175:
3168:
3167:
3153:
3146:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3083:
3077:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3036:
3034:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3017:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2958:Neferhotep III
2955:
2950:
2944:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2898:
2891:
2884:
2876:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2857:
2850:
2843:
2836:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2788:Sewadjkare III
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2757:Maaibre Sheshi
2753:
2750:'Ammu Ahotepre
2746:
2739:
2732:
2724:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2660:Merhotepre Ini
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2620:Sobekhotep III
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2492:
2490:
2481:
2478:(1802–1550 BC)
2473:2 Intermediate
2469:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2413:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2368:Mentuhotep III
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2339:
2337:
2328:
2325:(2040–1802 BC)
2320:Middle Kingdom
2316:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2298:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2280:
2277:
2270:
2269:
2257:Middle Kingdom
2255:
2248:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2220:Neferkare VIII
2217:
2211:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2192:
2187:
2185:Nebkaure Khety
2182:
2177:
2175:Meryibre Khety
2171:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2109:Neferkamin Anu
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2050:
2048:
2035:
2032:(2181–2040 BC)
2027:1 Intermediate
2023:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2008:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1965:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1946:Djedkare Isesi
1943:
1941:Menkauhor Kaiu
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1907:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1850:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1826:
1819:
1814:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1791:
1789:
1780:
1777:(2686–2181 BC)
1768:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1748:
1741:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1717:
1710:
1703:
1696:
1689:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1666:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1647:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1595:
1593:
1584:
1581:(3150–2686 BC)
1576:Early Dynastic
1572:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1555:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1481:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1462:
1457:
1450:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1422:
1415:
1408:
1401:
1394:
1387:
1380:
1373:
1365:
1363:
1354:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1306:
1303:
1296:
1295:
1281:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1258:
1251:
1243:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1226:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1196:Regnal titles
1191:
1190:
1178:
1159:
1158:External links
1156:
1155:
1154:
1137:
1130:
1123:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1098:
1079:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1039:
1024:
1011:
1002:
989:
976:
974:Potter, p. 106
967:
954:
945:
932:
918:
906:
892:
890:Potter, p. 104
880:
871:
859:
857:Potter, p. 103
847:
835:
826:
814:
801:
789:
776:
755:
753:Potter, p. 101
743:
730:
718:
692:
685:
666:
665:
663:
660:
659:
658:
651:
648:
636:Douglas Wilmer
625:
622:
616:
613:
575:
572:
514:Sea of Marmara
487:Arabia Petraea
445:
444:
442:
441:
434:
427:
419:
416:
415:
412:
411:
402:
388:
387:
383:
382:
379:
374:
371:
370:
367:
362:
359:
358:
355:
350:
347:
346:
343:
338:
335:
334:
331:
326:
323:
322:
318:
317:
304:
303:
296:
293:
247:Suffect consul
214:
211:
207:Arval Brethren
196:
193:
160:
159:
156:
152:
151:
148:
144:
143:
140:
134:
133:
130:
129:
125:
124:
118:
117:
113:
112:
104:
103:
96:
92:
91:
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
56:
52:
51:
45:
37:
36:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4854:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4794:
4792:
4779:
4774:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4676:
4669:
4665:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4626:
4622:
4620:
4619:
4615:
4613:
4612:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4596:
4594:
4593:
4589:
4587:
4586:
4582:
4580:
4579:
4575:
4573:
4572:
4568:
4566:
4565:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4554:
4552:
4551:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4539:
4535:
4533:
4532:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4515:
4511:
4509:
4508:
4504:
4502:
4501:
4497:
4495:
4494:
4490:
4488:
4487:
4483:
4481:
4480:
4476:
4474:
4473:
4469:
4467:
4466:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4434:
4430:
4428:
4427:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4370:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4326:
4322:
4319:
4311:
4307:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4271:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4224:Cleopatra III
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4152:
4148:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4120:
4117:
4109:
4105:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4072:
4068:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4044:
4040:
4034:
4033:
4029:
4027:
4026:Nepherites II
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4004:
4000:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3986:
3982:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3936:
3932:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3890:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3865:
3862:
3854:
3850:
3840:
3837:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3817:
3814:
3808:
3804:
3795:
3791:
3786:
3782:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3736:
3732:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3646:
3642:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3593:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3569:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3557:Psusennes III
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3503:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3452:
3448:(1069–664 BC)
3444:
3440:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3414:Ramesses VIII
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3283:Amenhotep III
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3221:
3217:
3206:
3203:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3188:
3182:
3179:
3173:
3169:
3160:
3156:
3151:
3147:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3123:Seqenenre Tao
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3098:Sobekemsaf II
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3048:Wepwawetemsaf
3045:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2655:Merneferre Ay
2653:
2651:
2650:Wahibre Ibiau
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2635:Sobekhotep IV
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2474:
2470:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2442:Amenemhat III
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2374:
2373:Mentuhotep IV
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2363:Mentuhotep II
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2321:
2317:
2307:
2304:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2284:
2281:
2275:
2271:
2262:
2258:
2253:
2249:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2225:Wahkare Khety
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2180:Neferkare VII
2178:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2028:
2024:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1773:
1769:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1727:Seth-Peribsen
1725:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1670:Hotepsekhemwy
1668:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1588:
1585:
1577:
1573:
1563:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1461:
1460:Double Falcon
1458:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1351:(pre-3150 BC)
1347:
1346:Protodynastic
1343:
1333:
1330:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1310:
1307:
1301:
1297:
1288:
1284:
1283:Protodynastic
1279:
1275:
1271:
1264:
1259:
1257:
1252:
1250:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1232:
1225:
1221:
1213:
1212:
1211:Roman Emperor
1205:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1087:Roman History
1083:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1075:Roman History
1071:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1049:
1043:
1040:
1035:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1012:
1006:
1003:
999:
993:
990:
986:
980:
977:
971:
968:
964:
958:
955:
949:
946:
942:
936:
933:
927:
925:
923:
919:
913:
911:
907:
901:
899:
897:
893:
887:
885:
881:
875:
872:
869:
863:
860:
854:
852:
848:
845:
839:
836:
830:
827:
824:Potter, p. 99
821:
819:
815:
811:
805:
802:
799:
793:
790:
786:
780:
777:
774:
768:
766:
764:
762:
760:
756:
750:
748:
744:
740:
734:
731:
727:
722:
719:
715:
712:
711:
706:
703:
702:
696:
693:
688:
686:9783774911604
682:
678:
671:
668:
661:
657:
654:
653:
649:
647:
645:
641:
637:
633:
632:
623:
621:
614:
612:
610:
606:
605:
601:According to
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
584:Cassius Dio's
581:
573:
571:
567:
565:
561:
557:
553:
548:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
506:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
478:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
440:
435:
433:
428:
426:
421:
420:
418:
417:
410:
406:
403:
401:
397:
394:
393:
390:
389:
384:
377:
373:
372:
365:
361:
360:
353:
349:
348:
341:
337:
336:
329:
325:
324:
319:
311:
310:
306:
305:
300:
294:
292:
290:
287:
282:
280:
276:
271:
267:
263:
258:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
231:Roman senator
228:
219:
212:
210:
208:
204:
203:
199:According to
194:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
169:Roman usurper
166:
157:
153:
150:Annius Fuscus
149:
145:
141:
139:
135:
126:
123:
119:
114:
109:
105:
102:
97:
93:
90:
85:
81:
78:
75:
71:
68:
65:
61:
57:
53:
48:
43:
38:
35:
34:
30:
25:
20:
4623:
4616:
4609:
4597:
4590:
4583:
4576:
4569:
4562:
4555:
4548:
4536:
4529:
4512:
4505:
4498:
4491:
4484:
4477:
4470:
4463:
4432:
4431:
4424:
4410:Lucius Verus
4367:
4268:
4244:Berenice III
4234:Cleopatra IV
4209:Cleopatra II
4141:Alexander IV
4061:Nectanebo II
4030:
4011:Nepherites I
3970:Artaxerxes I
3957:
3887:
3875:
3858:(664–332 BC)
3838:
3794:Roman Period
3696:Shoshenq VII
3694:
3667:
3627:
3608:Shoshenq III
3590:
3555:
3518:
3496:Psusennes II
3409:Ramesses VII
3389:Ramesses III
3273:Amenhotep II
3268:Thutmose III
3204:
3093:Sobekemsaf I
3085:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3039:
3019:
3012:
2917:
2900:
2895:'Aper-'Anati
2893:
2886:
2879:
2859:
2852:
2845:
2838:
2831:
2824:
2817:
2803:Sekheperenre
2755:
2748:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2625:Neferhotep I
2615:Seth Meribre
2592:
2578:Djedkheperew
2495:
2456:
2447:Amenemhat IV
2437:Senusret III
2427:Amenemhat II
2343:Mentuhotep I
2305:
2194:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2133:
2059:Neferkare II
2010:
2003:
1936:Nyuserre Ini
1890:
1873:
1828:
1821:
1809:
1750:
1745:Neferkasokar
1743:
1736:
1719:
1712:
1705:
1698:
1691:
1684:
1649:
1642:
1550:
1533:
1526:
1519:
1512:
1505:
1498:
1493:Finger Snail
1491:
1484:
1464:
1452:
1445:
1438:
1431:
1424:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1389:
1382:
1375:
1368:
1331:
1209:
1171:
1150:
1133:
1126:
1119:
1105:
1086:
1074:
1047:
1042:
1033:
1027:
1019:
1014:
1005:
997:
992:
984:
979:
970:
962:
957:
948:
940:
935:
904:Bowman, p. 4
874:
867:
862:
843:
838:
829:
809:
804:
797:
792:
784:
779:
772:
738:
733:
725:
721:
708:
699:
695:
676:
670:
642:, played by
629:
628:In the film
627:
618:
602:
600:
577:
568:
549:
526:
507:
479:
448:
404:
395:
351:
307:
288:
283:
259:
224:
213:Early career
200:
198:
164:
163:
101:Roman Empire
89:Roman Empire
33:Roman Empire
27:
4514:Gordian III
4459:Diadumenian
4259:Cleopatra V
4113:(332–30 BC)
4108:Hellenistic
4051:Nectanebo I
3943:Cambyses II
3925:Psamtik III
3883:Tefnakht II
3685:Takelot III
3680:Osorkon III
3675:Shoshenq VI
3629:Pedubast II
3613:Shoshenq IV
3586:Shoshenq II
3551:Pinedjem II
3541:Menkheperre
3476:Psusennes I
3429:Ramesses XI
3419:Ramesses IX
3404:Ramesses VI
3394:Ramesses IV
3341:Ramesses II
3303:Tutankhamun
3278:Thutmose IV
3258:Thutmose II
3248:Amenhotep I
3220:New Kingdom
3155:New Kingdom
3014:Senusret IV
2998:Dedumose II
2973:Nebiriau II
2968:Nebiryraw I
2963:Mentuhotepi
2768:Khakherewre
2695:Merkheperre
2605:Imyremeshaw
2588:Sedjefakare
2543:Sehetepibre
2518:Ameny Qemau
2452:Sobekneferu
2432:Senusret II
2417:Amenemhat I
2399:Iyibkhentre
2129:Neferirkare
2124:Neferkauhor
1931:Shepseskare
1772:Old Kingdom
1758:Khasekhemwy
1738:Neferkara I
1707:Weneg-Nebty
1552:Scorpion II
1070:Cassius Dio
644:Eric Porter
596:interpreted
405:Followed by
396:Preceded by
122:Regnal name
63:Predecessor
4832:194 deaths
4791:Categories
4631:Diocletian
4585:Quintillus
4538:Aemilianus
4493:Gordian II
4465:Elagabalus
4286:Arsinoe IV
4169:Arsinoe II
4094:Darius III
4021:Psammuthes
3910:Psamtik II
3725:Bakenranef
3663:Pedubast I
3658:Takelot II
3653:Harsiese A
3635:Osorkon IV
3623:Shoshenq V
3603:Osorkon II
3576:Shoshenq I
3546:Smendes II
3526:Pinedjem I
3471:Amenemnisu
3424:Ramesses X
3399:Ramesses V
3351:Amenmesses
3331:Ramesses I
3293:Smenkhkare
3263:Hatshepsut
3253:Thutmose I
3003:Montuemsaf
2993:Dedumose I
2793:Nebdjefare
2783:Merdjefare
2553:Nedjemibre
2548:Sewadjkare
2422:Senusret I
2394:Qakare Ini
2215:Meryhathor
2119:Neferkaure
2114:Qakare Iby
2099:Neferkahor
2084:Neferkamin
1892:Thamphthis
1886:Shepseskaf
1800:Sekhemkhet
1651:Horus Bird
1528:Scorpion I
662:References
386:Succession
321:Chronology
195:Early life
86:c. 135/140
4763:Ptolemaic
4571:Gallienus
4486:Gordian I
4449:Caracalla
4375:Vespasian
4369:Vitellius
4151:Ptolemaic
3993:Amyrtaeus
3975:Darius II
3920:Ahmose II
3900:Psamtik I
3839:uncertain
3827:Pharaohs
3763:Tanutamun
3598:Takelot I
3581:Osorkon I
3531:Masaharta
3481:Amenemope
3384:Setnakhte
3346:Merneptah
3288:Akhenaten
3205:uncertain
3087:Nebmaatre
2908:Sakir-Har
2861:Yaqub-Har
2773:Nebefawre
2523:Hotepibre
2389:Segerseni
2358:Intef III
2306:uncertain
2294:Pharaohs
1926:Neferefre
1752:Hudjefa I
1633:Semerkhet
1370:Hedju Hor
1332:uncertain
1320:Pharaohs
961:Meckler,
939:Meckler,
808:Meckler,
783:Meckler,
771:Meckler,
656:Abdsamiya
590:saw in a
503:Perinthus
467:Byzantium
461:of Asia,
459:proconsul
275:centurion
241:early in
158:Lampridia
73:Successor
4723:21 to 23
4641:Galerius
4636:Maximian
4625:Numerian
4592:Aurelian
4544:Valerian
4507:Balbinus
4500:Pupienus
4454:Macrinus
4426:Pertinax
4420:Commodus
4385:Domitian
4348:Claudius
4343:Caligula
4338:Tiberius
4333:Augustus
3953:Darius I
3905:Necho II
3748:Shebitku
3720:Tefnakht
3313:Horemheb
3243:Ahmose I
3055:Pantjeny
3041:Senebkay
3021:Pepi III
2983:Bebiankh
2840:Shenshek
2798:Nebsenre
2630:Sihathor
2600:Khendjer
2563:Renseneb
2508:Nerikare
2353:Intef II
2230:Merykare
2135:Wadjkare
2079:Merenhor
1974:Userkare
1881:Menkaure
1875:Bikheris
1864:Djedefre
1830:Qahedjet
1714:Wadjenes
1700:Horus Sa
1693:Nubnefer
1680:Nynetjer
1644:Sneferka
1384:Ni-Neith
1270:Pharaohs
1184:Archived
1143:Archived
1092:Archived
1082:Herodian
996:Turton,
714:VI, 2101
705:VI, 2099
650:See also
609:cognomen
537:Laodicea
491:Melitene
328:Pertinax
286:cognomen
262:Pertinax
257:in 191.
243:Commodus
177:Pertinax
4618:Carinus
4599:Tacitus
4557:Quietus
4400:Hadrian
4084:Khabash
3915:Wahibre
3895:Necho I
3889:Nekauba
3877:Ammeris
3820:Dynasty
3758:Taharqa
3753:Shabaka
3690:Rudamun
3669:Iuput I
3514:Herihor
3466:Smendes
3366:Twosret
3356:Seti II
3200:female)
3185:Dynasty
3081:Rahotep
2978:Semenre
2948:Djehuti
2930:Khamudi
2919:Yanassi
2902:Salitis
2854:Yakareb
2847:Khamure
2778:Sehebre
2700:Merkare
2348:Intef I
2287:Dynasty
2196:Imhotep
2156:Iytjenu
2142:Khuiqer
2054:Menkare
2005:Neferka
1989:Pepi II
1911:Userkaf
1805:Sanakht
1628:Anedjib
1608:Hor-Aha
1541:Iry-Hor
1535:Shendjw
1507:Pen-Abu
1391:Hat-Hor
1313:Dynasty
1059:Sources
588:Jupiter
564:Parthia
560:Antioch
518:Cyzicus
380:193–211
368:193–197
356:193–194
279:Antioch
189:Antioch
138:Dynasty
31:of the
29:Usurper
4758:Argead
4605:Probus
4525:Decius
4520:Philip
4395:Trajan
4123:Argead
4032:Muthis
3985:XXVIII
3965:Xerxes
3833:female
3811:Period
3520:Piankh
3491:Siamun
3361:Siptah
3336:Seti I
3176:Period
3128:Kamose
3062:Snaaib
3032:Abydos
2888:Semqen
2881:Sharek
2833:Sheneh
2813:'Apepi
2808:Bebnum
2763:Nehesy
2583:Sebkay
2503:Sonbef
2300:female
2278:Period
2089:Nikare
1979:Pepi I
1916:Sahure
1869:Khafre
1854:Snefru
1823:Sedjes
1795:Djoser
1721:Senedj
1599:Narmer
1558:Narmer
1440:Wazner
1405:Hsekiu
1377:Ny-Hor
1326:female
1304:Period
1153:(1998)
683:
615:Family
545:Arabia
529:Nicaea
522:Nicaea
495:Thrace
289:Justus
155:Mother
147:Father
47:Aureus
4822:Annii
4611:Carus
4390:Nerva
4380:Titus
4358:Galba
4325:XXXIV
4310:Roman
4089:Arses
4016:Hakor
3935:XXVII
3645:XXIII
3235:XVIII
3195:(male
2925:Apepi
2913:Khyan
2826:Wazad
2594:Wegaf
2528:Iufni
2382:Nubia
2190:Setut
2012:Nefer
1859:Khufu
1817:Khaba
1811:Nebka
1675:Nebra
1603:Menes
1562:Menes
1514:Stork
1477:Upper
1433:Neheb
1426:Thesh
1412:Khayu
1361:Lower
1022:, 6:6
1000:p. 44
987:, 6:1
592:dream
556:Issus
483:Syria
471:Egypt
255:Syria
239:Dacia
235:Egypt
111:Names
55:Reign
4444:Geta
4363:Otho
4353:Nero
4071:XXXI
4056:Teos
4003:XXIX
3868:XXVI
3853:Late
3830:male
3790:Late
3743:Piye
3712:XXIV
3618:Pami
3568:XXII
3157:and
3073:XVII
2819:Nuya
2488:XIII
2297:male
2259:and
2149:Khui
2046:VIII
1969:Teti
1951:Unas
1836:Huni
1638:Qa'a
1618:Djet
1613:Djer
1521:Bull
1500:Fish
1466:Wash
1447:Mekh
1323:male
1222:and
681:ISBN
574:Name
541:Tyre
539:and
316:193)
270:Rome
142:None
95:Died
83:Born
4043:XXX
3792:to
3735:XXV
3458:XXI
3323:XIX
2940:XVI
2720:XIV
2568:Hor
2409:XII
2042:VII
1787:III
1623:Den
1419:Tiu
1285:to
1215:193
726:PIR
710:CIL
701:CIL
501:at
344:193
332:193
253:of
229:of
4793::
4753:31
4748:30
4743:27
4738:26
4733:25
4728:24
4718:20
4713:19
4708:18
4703:12
4698:11
3376:XX
3308:Ay
2872:XV
2335:XI
2167:IX
1961:VI
1846:IV
1686:Ba
1662:II
1601:/
1560:/
1546:Ka
1398:Pu
1170:.
1103:,
1084:,
1072:,
921:^
909:^
895:^
883:^
850:^
817:^
758:^
746:^
707:,
505:.
314:AD
281:.
191:.
4693:4
4689:3
4686:2
4682:1
2207:X
2044:/
1903:V
1591:I
1486:A
1454:A
1262:e
1255:t
1248:v
716:.
689:.
438:e
431:t
424:v
312:(
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