642:
333:
57:
555:(NARF) and the Indian Rights Association against landowners and residents of North Stonington to get their land, which the Pequots claimed had been illegally sold in 1856 by the State of Connecticut, and they settled after seven years. The Connecticut Legislature passed legislation to petition the federal government to grant tribal recognition to the Mashantucket Pequots, and the "Mashantucket Pequot Indian Land Claims Settlement Act" was enacted by Congress and signed by President
341:
511:. Eventually, some returned to their traditional lands, where family groups of friendly Pequots had stayed. Of those enslaved, most were awarded to the allied tribes, but many were also sold as slaves in Bermuda. The Mohegans treated their Pequot captives so severely that officials of Connecticut Colony eventually removed them. Connecticut established two reservations for the Pequots in 1683: the Eastern Pequot Reservation in
944:
21 (1947): 25; Kevin McBride, "Prehistory of the Lower
Connecticut Valley" (Ph.D. diss., University of Connecticut, 1984), pp. 126β28, 199β269; and the overall evidence on the question of Pequot origins in Means, "Mohegan-Pequot Relationships," 26β33. For historical research, refer to Alfred A. Cave,
1249:
A Brief
History of the Pequot War: Especially of the Memorable taking of their Fort at Mistick in Connecticut in 1637/Written by Major John Mason, a principal actor therein, as then chief captain and commander of Connecticut forces; With an introduction and some explanatory notes by the Reverend Mr.
578:
was recognized in 2002. Since the 1930s, both Pequot tribes had serious tension over racial issues, with some people claiming that darker-skinned descendants should not be considered fully Pequot. Two groups of
Eastern Pequots filed petitions for recognition with the BIA, and they agreed to unite to
1271:
Nevves from
America; or, A New and Experimental Discovery of New England: Containing, a True Relation of their War-like Proceedings these two years last past, with a figure of the Indian fort, or Palizado. Also, a discovery of these places, that as yet have very few or no inhabitants which would
676:
In the 21st century, the
Mashantucket Pequot are undertaking aggressive efforts to revive the language. They are conducting careful analysis of historical documents containing Pequot words and comparing them to extant closely related languages. So far, they have reclaimed more than 1,000 words,
414:'s tribes responded to the English. Hubbard described the Pequot as "foreigners" to the region; not invaders from another shore, but "from the interior of the continent" who "by force seized upon one of the goodliest places near the sea, and became a Terror to all their Neighbors."
543:
The 1910 census numbered the Pequot population at 66, and they reached their lowest number several decades later. Pequot numbers grew significantly during the 1970s and 1980s, especially the
Mashantucket Pequot tribe which opened a casino in the same timeframe, and tribal chairman
245:
of 1634β1638, which some historians consider to be a genocide under modern day terms, which dramatically reduced the population and influence of the Pequot; many members were killed, enslaved, or dispersed. Small numbers of
Pequots remain in Connecticut, receiving reservations at
681:. The Wampanoag recently initiated the WΓ΄panΓ’ak Language Reclamation Project. The southern New England Indian communities participating in the WΓ΄panΓ’ak Language Reclamation Project are Mashpee Wampanoag, Aquinnah Wampanoag, Herring Pond Wampanoag, and Mashantucket Pequot.
417:
Much of the archaeological, linguistic, and documentary evidence now available demonstrates that the Pequot were not invaders to the
Connecticut River Valley but were indigenous in that area for thousands of years. By the time of the founding of
449:
epidemic of 1616β1619 killed many of the Native
Americans of the eastern coast of New England, but it did not reach the Pequot, Niantic, and Narragansett tribes. In 1633, the Dutch established a trading post called the House of Good Hope at
583:
who had gained recognition in 2004. The
Connecticut state government and Congressional delegation opposed the BIA's recognition because residents were worried that the newly recognized tribes would establish gaming casinos.
499:
tribes sided with the colonists. Around 1,500 Pequot warriors were killed in battles or hunted down, and others were captured and distributed as slaves or household servants. A few escaped to join the
559:
on October 18, 1983. This settlement granted federal recognition to the Mashantucket Pequot tribe, enabling them to buy the land covered in the Settlement Act and place it in trust with the
379:
in the early twentieth century, and he believed that another term was more plausible, meaning "the shallowness of a body of water", given that the Pequot territory was along the coast of
1242:
wonder-working Providence of Sion's Saviour in New England by Captain Edward Johnson of Woburn, Massachusetts Bay. With a historical introduction and an index by William Frederick Poole
579:
achieve recognition. The state immediately challenged the decision, and the Department of the Interior revoked their recognition in 2005. That same year, it revoked recognition for the
699:(1950β2009), rock and roll guitarist, songwriter and singer, was Pequot through his mother and maternal grandmother's lineage. He explored his Pequot roots in his post-2000 works.
426:
colonies, the Pequot had already attained a position of political, military, and economic dominance in central and eastern Connecticut. They occupied the coastal area between the
677:
though that is a small fraction of what would be necessary for a functional language. The Mashantucket Pequots have begun offering language classes with the help of the Mashpee
465:
In 1633, an epidemic devastated all of the region's tribes, and historians estimate that the Pequot suffered the loss of 80 percent of their population. At the outbreak of the
1384:
Means, Carrol Alton. "Mohegan-Pequot Relationships, as Indicated by the Events Leading to the Pequot Massacre of 1637 and Subsequent Claims in the Mohegan Land Controversy,"
693:(1798β1839) was an ordained Methodist minister, writer, and temperance activist of Pequot and European descent; he was a political and religious leader in Massachusetts.
1528:
535:. It was commonly thought that they had disappeared entirely due to violence against Native Americans provoked by American colonists, although this was not true.
61:
1393:
458:
Tatobem because of a violation of an agreement. After the Pequot paid the Dutch a large ransom, they returned Tatobem's body to his people. His successor was
254:
in 1683; others lived in different areas and with other tribes. In the 18th century, some Christian Pequot joined members of several other groups to form the
237:
were formerly a single group, but the Mohegan split off in the 17th century as the Pequot came to control much of Connecticut. Simmering tensions with the
1130:
See Reagan's initial response in "Message to the Senate Returning Without Approval the Mashantucket Pequot Indian Claims Settlement Bill", April 5, 1983,
827:
1044:
914:"The Pequot Relationships, as Indicated by the Events Leading to the Pequot Massacre of 1637 and Subsequent Claims in the Mohegan Land Controversy",
665:
in 1637, when the colonists made speaking the language a capital offense. Within a generation or so, it became largely extinct. Pequot from both the
641:
304:, which is recognized by Connecticut but is not federally recognized. Additionally, Pequot descendants are enrolled in the federally recognized
940:
For archaeological investigations disproving Hubbard's theory of origins, see Irving Rouse, "Ceramic Traditions and Sequences in Connecticut,"
398:
Valley can be traced to Rev. William Hubbard, who claimed in 1677 that the Pequot had invaded the region sometime before the establishment of
1077:
839:
832:
The Cambridge World History of Genocide: Volume 2: Genocide in the Indigenous, Early Modern and Imperial Worlds, from c.1535 to World War One
203:
567:
in 1992. Revenue from the casino has enabled the development and construction of a cultural museum which opened on August 11, 1998, on the
313:
1279:
A True Relation of the late Battell fought in New England, between the English, and the Salvages: VVith the present state of things there
966:
45 (1973): 485β508; and Arthur E. Spiro and Bruce D. Spiess, "New England Pandemic of 1616β1622: Cause and Archaeological Implication,"
890:
1445:
Snow, Dean R., and Kim M. Lamphear. "European Contact and Indian Depopulation in the Northeast: The Timing of the First Epidemics,"
1366:
McBride, Kevin. "The Historical Archaeology of the Mashantucket Pequots, 1637β1900," in Laurence M. Hauptman and James Wherry, eds.
1328:
1005:
989:
869:
813:
1274:(London: Printed by I. D for Peter Cole, and are to be sold at the sign of the Glove in Corne-hill near the Royall Exchange, 1638).
1022:(Cleveland, 1897), p. 138; Ethel Boissevain, "Whatever Became of the New England Indians Shipped to Bermuda to be Sold as Slaves,"
1493:
771:
Dean R. Snow and Kim M. Lamphear, "European Contact and Indian Depopulation in the Northeast: The Timing of the First Epidemics,"
367:
word whose meaning is disputed among language specialists. Considerable scholarship on the Pequot claims that the name came from
1439:
1409:
568:
290:
1257:
A Relation of the Troubles which have Hapned in New-England, because of the Indians There, from the Year 1614 to the Year 1675
332:
1155:
1533:
512:
1272:
yield special accommodation to such as will plant there . . . By Captaine Iohn Underhill, a commander in the warres there
666:
597:
593:
575:
527:
The poor treatment the Pequot received at the hands of the colonists was remembered almost two centuries later by other
301:
215:
95:
1523:
654:
552:
1452:
Spiero, Arthur E., and Bruce E. Speiss. "New England Pandemic of 1616β1622: Cause and Archaeological Implication,"
309:
1378:
834:, The Cambridge World History of Genocide, vol. 2, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 215β242,
658:
548:
encouraged them to return to their tribal homeland. He worked for Federal recognition and economic development.
278:
211:
103:
1428:
1360:
883:
Without Reservation: The Making of America's Most Powerful Indian Tribe and Foxwoods the World's Largest Casino
560:
141:
1468:
748:
650:
528:
376:
316:
of Connecticut, and the Brothertown Indians of Wisconsin, which also have degrees of state recognition. The
227:
124:
33:
1048:
623:
564:
488:
317:
294:
286:
1291:
Boissevain, Ethel. "Whatever Became of the New England Indians Shipped to Bermuda to be Sold as Slaves,"
442:. The Pequot numbered some 16,000 persons in the most densely inhabited portion of southern New England.
1310:
1300:
Without Reservation: How a Controversial Indian Tribe Rose to Power and Built the World's Largest Casino
1115:
Without Reservation: How a Controversial Indian Tribe Rose to Power and Built the World's Largest Casino
962:
Refer to Sherburne F. Cook, "The Significance of Disease in the Extinction of the New England Indians,"
949:
62 (1989): 27β44; and for linguistic research, see Truman D. Michelson, "Notes on Algonquian Language,"
230:, which became extinct by the early 20th century. Some tribal members are undertaking revival efforts.
56:
1109:(Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1990); Wayne J. Stein, "Gaming: The Apex of a Long Struggle,"
616:
612:
608:
516:
496:
435:
403:
364:
238:
128:
107:
1070:
Don't Know Much About History: Everything You Need to Know About American History but Never Learned
670:
282:
255:
219:
563:(BIA) for reservation use. In 1986, they opened a bingo operation, followed by the first phase of
1131:
1027:
999:
723:
580:
545:
484:
1334:
Cook, Sherburne F. "The Significance of Disease in the Extinction of the New England Indians,"
1316:
Cave, Alfred A. "The Pequot Invasion of Southern New England: A Reassessment of the Evidence,"
1264:
History of the Pequot War: The Contemporary Accounts of Mason, Underhill, Vincent, and Gardiner
1020:
History of the Pequot War: The Contemporary Accounts of Mason, Underhill, Vincent, and Gardiner
1073:
985:
886:
865:
835:
826:
Madley, Benjamin (2023), Kiernan, Ben; Madley, Benjamin; Blackhawk, Ned; Taylor, Rebe (eds.),
809:
423:
395:
380:
633:
Nearly all individuals who are identified as Pequot live in the two above-named communities.
1065:
678:
263:
173:
340:
1518:
735:
419:
399:
251:
784:
Salwen, Bert (1978). "Indians of Southern New England and Long Island: Early Period." In
1402:
Brethren by Nature: New England Indians, Colonists, and the Origins of American Slavery.
504:
427:
1512:
709:
696:
690:
556:
500:
431:
305:
267:
259:
1350:
The Pequots in Southern New England: The Fall and Rise of an American Indian Nation.
439:
387:
247:
145:
1252:(Boston: Printed & sold by. S. Kneeland & T. Green in Queen Street, 1736).
901:
Frank Speck, "Native Tribes and Dialects of Connecticut: A Mohegan-Pequot Diary",
627:
601:
508:
411:
391:
372:
321:
207:
1368:
Pequots in Southern New England: The Fall and Rise of an American Indian Nation
945:"The Pequot Invasion of Southern New England: A Reassessment of the Evidence,"
792:, ed. William C. Sturtevant. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, pg. 175
1180:
662:
478:
466:
386:
Historians have debated whether the Pequot migrated about 1500 from the upper
242:
17:
1463:
3rd Ser., Vol. 21, No. 2 (Apr. 1964), pp. 256β269; also republished in
1343:
Hitting the Jackpot: The Inside Story of the Richest Indian Tribe in History
1119:
Hitting the Jackpot: The Inside Story of the Richest Indian Tribe in History
740:
728:
223:
1107:
The Pequots in Southern New England: The Fall and Rise of an Indian Nation
1489:
Foxwoods Resort Casino (Owned & operated by the Mashantucket Pequots)
1459:
Vaughan, Alden T. "Pequots and Puritans: The Causes of the War of 1637,"
1436:
Spirit of the New England Tribes: Indian History and Folklore, 1620β1984.
459:
451:
446:
271:
828:"'Too Furious': The Genocide of Connecticut's Pequot Indians, 1636β1640"
285:
in 1983 through a settlement of a land claim. In 1986, they founded the
1281:(London: Printed by M P for Nathanael Butter, and Iohn Bellamie, 1637).
731:
532:
492:
234:
158:
40:
1498:
1204:
Heller, Louis G. (1961). "Two Pequot Names in American Literature,"
1410:
Facing East from Indian Country: A Native History of Early America.
336:
Plan of a Pequot fort, taken by Massachusetts Bay colonists in 1637
1416:
Rouse, Irving. "Ceramic Traditions and Sequences in Connecticut,"
640:
630:
is also home to a few hundred self-identified Pequot descendants.
339:
331:
214:, four other state-recognized groups in Connecticut including the
274:, and later to Wisconsin, where they were granted a reservation.
1092:"Thirteenth Census of the United States taken in the year 1910"
515:
and the Western Pequots (or Mashantucket Pequot Reservation) in
1503:
1370:(Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1993), pp. 96β116.
1230:(Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society Collections, 1833).
402:, rather than originating in the region. In the aftermath of
182:
1096:, (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office (1912β1914).
862:
A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples
806:
A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples
615:
gained federal recognition in 1983 and have a reservation in
324:
is home to a few hundred self-identified Pequot descendants.
1113:, vol. 13, No. 1. (Spring, 1998), pp. 73β91; Jeff Benedict,
210:. The modern Pequot are members of the federally recognized
1465:
Roots of American Racism: Essays on the Colonial Experience
551:
In 1976, the Pequots filed suit with the assistance of the
1488:
645:
Cover of 1663 Bible translated into the Wampanoag language
191:
931:
2 vols. (Boston: Samuel G. Drake, 1845), vol. 2, pp. 6β7.
408:
Narrative of the Troubles with the Indians in New-England
266:
in the 19th century, where they were allowed land by the
1034:(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993), p. 172.
1045:"Rootsweb: Pequot-Bermudian Reconnection Festival 2002"
469:, Pequot survivors may have numbered only about 3,000.
371:, meaning "the destroyers" or "the men of the swamp".
1357:
Providence Island, 1630β1641: The Other Puritan Colony
1072:(1st ed.). New York: HarperCollins. p. 155.
1032:
Providence Island, 1630β1641: The Other Puritan Colony
1476:
New England Frontier: Puritans and Indians 1620β1675.
1391:
Michelson, Truman D. "Notes on Algonquian Language,"
1228:
Leift Lion Gardener his Relation of the Pequot Warres
293:, it has become one of the country's most successful
188:
185:
194:
179:
226:. They historically spoke Pequot, a dialect of the
176:
152:
135:
117:
89:
69:
571:where many members of the tribe continue to live.
649:Historically, the Pequots spoke a dialect of the
483:Members of the Pequot tribe killed a resident of
1348:Hauptman, Laurence M. and James D. Wherry, eds.
1143:Mashantucket Pequot Indian Claims Settlement Act
1105:See Laurence M. Hauptman and James Wherry, eds.
1018:Lion Gardiner, "Relation of the Pequot Warres,"
800:
798:
1352:Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1993.
751:is believed to have been named after the tribe.
98:, Lantern Hill, North Stonington, Connecticut:
1418:Archaeological Society of Connecticut Bulletin
1413:Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001.
1386:Archaeological Society of Connecticut Bulletin
1307:The Story of the War with the Pequots, Retold.
942:Archaeological Society of Connecticut Bulletin
916:Archaeological Society of Connecticut Bulletin
903:Annual Reports of the U.S. Bureau of Ethnology
1394:International Journal of American Linguistics
1235:The History of the Indian Wars in New England
951:International Journal of American Linguistics
929:The History of the Indian Wars in New England
864:, pp. 654β655, 656. Oxford University Press.
596:has a reservation called "Lantern Hill." The
8:
49:
1404:Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2015.
1375:Prehistory of the Lower Connecticut Valley.
1117:, Harper Books, 2001; Brett Duval Fromson,
673:now speak English as their first language.
289:on their land. Located in proximity to the
64:Exhibit showing Mashantucket Pequot warrior
55:
48:
1237:2 vols. (Boston: Samuel G. Drake, 1845).
808:, pp. 656β657. Oxford University Press.
744:(1851), is named after the Pequot tribe.
394:. The theory of Pequot migration to the
761:
1478:New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1980.
997:
767:
765:
300:The Pawcatuck River Pequot formed the
123:Historically Pequot, a dialect of the
27:Indigenous people from Connecticut, US
1529:Native American tribes in Connecticut
1185:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1060:
1058:
454:. They executed the principal Pequot
7:
314:Golden Hill Paugussett Indian Nation
90:Regions with significant populations
1295:11 (Spring 1981), pp. 103β114.
1026:11 (Spring 1981), pp. 103β114; and
788:, ed. Bruce G. Trigger. Vol. 15 of
491:, and war erupted as a result. The
1499:Lee Sultzman's Pequot Info Webpage
1244:(Andover, MA: W. F. Draper, 1867.
1094:United States Bureau of the Census
790:Handbook of North American Indians
390:Valley toward central and eastern
25:
1329:University of Massachusetts Press
410:the ferocity with which some of
375:was a leading specialist of the
172:
1440:University Press of New England
1302:. New York: Harper Books, 2001.
569:Mashantucket Pequot Reservation
291:New York City metropolitan area
1259:(New York: Arno Press, 1972).
600:is recognized by the state of
1:
1004:: CS1 maint: date and year (
727:, the fictional 19th-century
513:North Stonington, Connecticut
345:
1425:Uncas: First of the Mohegans
667:Eastern Pequot Tribal Nation
598:Eastern Pequot Tribal Nation
594:Eastern Pequot Tribal Nation
576:Eastern Pequot Tribal Nation
302:Eastern Pequot Tribal Nation
262:. They relocated to western
216:Eastern Pequot Tribal Nation
96:Eastern Pequot Tribal Nation
1494:Mashantucket Pequot History
1461:William and Mary Quarterly
885:], New York: Harper, 2000,
655:Eastern Algonquian language
553:Native American Rights Fund
1550:
982:The Rediscovery of America
476:
406:, Hubbard detailed in his
310:Schaghticoke Tribal Nation
38:
31:
1379:University of Connecticut
984:. Yale University Press.
279:Mashantucket Pequot Tribe
212:Mashantucket Pequot Tribe
157:
140:
122:
104:Mashantucket Pequot Tribe
94:
74:
54:
1429:Cornell University Press
1400:Newell, Margaret Ellen.
1361:Harvard University Press
561:Bureau of Indian Affairs
142:Native American religion
85:2000: 1,000β2,000 (est.)
39:Not to be confused with
1469:Oxford University Press
980:Blackhawk, Ned (2023).
860:Pritzker, Barry (2000)
804:Pritzker, Barry (2000)
749:Pequot Lakes, Minnesota
651:Mohegan-Pequot language
531:such as some groups of
434:of Connecticut and the
377:Mohegan-Pequot language
295:Native American casinos
228:Mohegan-Pequot language
125:Mohegan-Pequot language
34:Pequot (disambiguation)
1341:Fromson, Brett Duval.
646:
624:Poospatuck Reservation
565:Foxwoods Resort Casino
529:Native American tribes
352:
337:
318:Poospatuck Reservation
287:Foxwoods Resort Casino
1318:New England Quarterly
1311:Yale University Press
1051:on December 17, 2008.
947:New England Quarterly
644:
343:
335:
153:Related ethnic groups
1534:Algonquian ethnonyms
1454:Man in the Northeast
1434:Simmons, William S.
1377:Ph.D. dissertation,
1355:Kupperman, Karen O.
1345:. Grove Press, 2004.
1305:Bradstreet, Howard.
1293:Man in the Northwest
1132:University of Texas.
1121:, Grove Press, 2004.
1024:Man in the Northwest
968:Man in the Northeast
239:New England Colonies
108:Ledyard, Connecticut
32:For other uses, see
1407:Richter, Daniel K.
1338:45 (1973): 485β508.
671:Mashantucket Pequot
609:Mashantucket Pequot
283:federal recognition
256:Brothertown Indians
250:in 1666 and at the
233:The Pequot and the
220:Brothertown Indians
129:Algonquian language
106:or Western Pequot,
75:1620: 16,000 (est.)
51:
1524:Algonquian peoples
1266:(Cleveland, 1897).
1262:Orr, Charles ed.,
1255:Mather, Increase.
1233:Hubbard, William.
1028:Karen O. Kupperman
659:Treaty of Hartford
647:
581:Schaghticoke tribe
546:Richard A. Hayward
485:Connecticut Colony
353:
338:
78:1637: 3,000 (est.)
1456:35 (1987): 71β83.
1449:35 (1988): 16β38.
1388:21 (1947): 26β33.
1320:62 (1989): 27β44.
1286:Secondary sources
1277:Vincent, Philip.
1269:Underhill, John.
1240:Johnson, Edward.
1079:978-0-06-008381-6
1066:Davis, Kenneth C.
970:35 (1987): 71β83.
927:William Hubbard,
918:21 (1947): 26β33.
841:978-1-108-48643-9
775:35 (1988): 16β38.
734:ship featured in
424:Massachusetts Bay
404:King Philip's War
396:Connecticut River
381:Long Island Sound
308:, as well as the
164:
163:
16:(Redirected from
1541:
1423:Oberg, Michael.
1397:1 (1917): 56β57.
1359:(Cambridge, MA:
1298:Benedict, Jeff.
1226:Gardiner, Lion.
1209:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1160:Norwich Bulletin
1152:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1128:
1122:
1111:WΓΔazo Ε a Review
1103:
1097:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1062:
1053:
1052:
1047:. Archived from
1041:
1035:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1003:
995:
977:
971:
960:
954:
953:1 (1917): 56β57.
938:
932:
925:
919:
912:
906:
899:
893:
879:
873:
858:
852:
851:
850:
848:
823:
817:
802:
793:
782:
776:
769:
592:The 1130-member
350:
347:
201:
200:
197:
196:
193:
190:
187:
184:
181:
178:
70:Total population
59:
52:
21:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1509:
1508:
1485:
1438:Dartmouth, NH:
1309:New Haven, CT:
1288:
1223:
1221:Primary sources
1218:
1213:
1212:
1206:American Speech
1203:
1199:
1189:
1187:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1164:
1162:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1145:(1983), S. 366.
1141:
1137:
1129:
1125:
1104:
1100:
1091:
1087:
1080:
1064:
1063:
1056:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1017:
1013:
996:
992:
979:
978:
974:
961:
957:
939:
935:
926:
922:
913:
909:
905:43 (1928): 218.
900:
896:
881:Jeff Benedict,
880:
876:
859:
855:
846:
844:
842:
825:
824:
820:
803:
796:
783:
779:
770:
763:
758:
736:Herman Melville
718:
706:
687:
639:
590:
541:
525:
481:
475:
400:Plymouth Colony
358:
348:
344:Pequot basket,
330:
272:Iroquois League
252:Pawcatuck River
204:Native American
175:
171:
159:Mohegan/Mohigan
148:
102:
83:
81:
79:
76:
65:
47:
44:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1547:
1545:
1537:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1511:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1484:
1483:External links
1481:
1480:
1479:
1472:
1457:
1450:
1443:
1432:
1421:
1414:
1405:
1398:
1389:
1382:
1371:
1364:
1353:
1346:
1339:
1332:
1325:The Pequot War
1321:
1314:
1303:
1296:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1275:
1267:
1260:
1253:
1245:
1238:
1231:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1197:
1172:
1147:
1135:
1123:
1098:
1085:
1078:
1054:
1036:
1011:
990:
972:
955:
933:
920:
907:
894:
891:978-0060193676
874:
853:
840:
818:
794:
777:
760:
759:
757:
754:
753:
752:
745:
717:
714:
713:
712:
705:
702:
701:
700:
694:
686:
685:Notable Pequot
683:
661:concluded the
638:
635:
613:Western Pequot
589:
586:
540:
539:Modern history
537:
524:
521:
477:Main article:
474:
471:
357:
354:
329:
326:
162:
161:
155:
154:
150:
149:
138:
137:
133:
132:
131:), now English
120:
119:
115:
114:
92:
91:
87:
86:
72:
71:
67:
66:
60:
45:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1546:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1505:
1504:Pequot Museum
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1336:Human Biology
1333:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1254:
1251:
1250:Thomas Prince
1247:Mason, John.
1246:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1173:
1161:
1157:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1089:
1086:
1081:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1012:
1007:
1001:
993:
991:9789401920063
987:
983:
976:
973:
969:
965:
964:Human Biology
959:
956:
952:
948:
943:
937:
934:
930:
924:
921:
917:
911:
908:
904:
898:
895:
892:
888:
884:
878:
875:
871:
870:0-19-513897-X
867:
863:
857:
854:
843:
837:
833:
829:
822:
819:
815:
814:0-19-513897-X
811:
807:
801:
799:
795:
791:
787:
781:
778:
774:
768:
766:
762:
755:
750:
746:
743:
742:
737:
733:
730:
726:
725:
720:
719:
715:
711:
710:Podunk people
708:
707:
703:
698:
697:Willy DeVille
695:
692:
691:William Apess
689:
688:
684:
682:
680:
674:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
643:
636:
634:
631:
629:
625:
620:
618:
614:
610:
605:
603:
599:
595:
587:
585:
582:
577:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
557:Ronald Reagan
554:
549:
547:
538:
536:
534:
530:
522:
520:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
480:
472:
470:
468:
463:
461:
457:
453:
448:
443:
441:
437:
433:
432:Niantic River
430:tribe of the
429:
425:
421:
415:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
384:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
355:
342:
334:
327:
325:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
306:Mohegan Tribe
303:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
275:
273:
269:
268:Oneida people
265:
261:
260:New Hampshire
257:
253:
249:
244:
240:
236:
231:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
199:
169:
160:
156:
151:
147:
143:
139:
134:
130:
126:
121:
116:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
88:
84:
73:
68:
63:
62:Pequot Museum
58:
53:
42:
35:
30:
19:
18:Pequot people
1475:
1464:
1460:
1453:
1447:Ethnohistory
1446:
1435:
1427:(Ithaca, NY:
1424:
1417:
1408:
1401:
1392:
1385:
1374:
1367:
1356:
1349:
1342:
1335:
1324:
1317:
1306:
1299:
1292:
1278:
1270:
1263:
1256:
1248:
1241:
1234:
1227:
1216:Bibliography
1208:36(1): 54β57
1205:
1200:
1188:. Retrieved
1184:
1175:
1163:. Retrieved
1159:
1150:
1142:
1138:
1126:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1093:
1088:
1069:
1049:the original
1039:
1031:
1023:
1019:
1014:
981:
975:
967:
963:
958:
950:
946:
941:
936:
928:
923:
915:
910:
902:
897:
882:
877:
861:
856:
845:, retrieved
831:
821:
805:
789:
785:
780:
773:Ethnohistory
772:
747:The town of
739:
722:
675:
648:
632:
621:
606:
591:
573:
550:
542:
526:
523:19th century
497:Narragansett
482:
464:
455:
444:
440:Rhode Island
436:Narragansett
416:
407:
388:Hudson River
385:
368:
360:
359:
299:
276:
248:Mashantucket
232:
167:
165:
146:Christianity
111:
99:
77:
46:Ethnic group
29:
1467:(New York:
1190:December 2,
1165:December 2,
628:Long Island
602:Connecticut
509:Long Island
489:John Oldham
438:in western
412:New England
392:Connecticut
373:Frank Speck
349: 1840
322:Long Island
258:in western
241:led to the
208:Connecticut
1513:Categories
1420:21 (1947).
1327:(Amherst:
1181:"No title"
1156:"No title"
756:References
663:Pequot War
507:tribes on
479:Pequot War
473:Pequot War
467:Pequot War
365:Algonquian
243:Pequot War
206:people of
1474:_______.
1000:cite book
786:Northeast
741:Moby-Dick
738:'s novel
729:Nantucket
679:Wampanoag
607:The 800+
588:Geography
487:in 1636,
369:PequttΓ΄og
356:Etymology
281:received
224:Wisconsin
218:, or the
118:Languages
1471:, 1995).
1431:, 2003).
1373:______.
1363:, 1993).
1331:, 1996).
1323:______.
1068:(2003).
704:See also
669:and the
637:Language
533:Shawnees
503:and the
495:and the
460:Sassacus
452:Hartford
447:smallpox
420:Plymouth
264:New York
202:) are a
136:Religion
82:1972: 21
80:1910: 66
1442:, 1986.
1381:, 1984.
1313:, 1933.
847:May 28,
732:whaling
617:Ledyard
517:Ledyard
505:Niantic
493:Mohegan
428:Niantic
328:History
270:of the
235:Mohegan
50:Pequots
41:Peugeot
1519:Pequot
1076:
988:
889:
868:
838:
812:
724:Pequod
657:. The
501:Mohawk
456:sachem
363:is an
361:Pequot
168:Pequot
716:Notes
653:, an
100:1,130
1192:2023
1167:2023
1074:ISBN
1006:link
986:ISBN
887:ISBN
866:ISBN
849:2024
836:ISBN
810:ISBN
721:The
622:The
574:The
445:The
422:and
312:and
277:The
166:The
127:(an
626:on
611:or
351:β60
320:on
222:of
112:350
1515::
1183:.
1158:.
1057:^
1030:,
1002:}}
998:{{
830:,
797:^
764:^
619:.
604:.
519:.
462:.
383:.
346:c.
297:.
183:iΛ
144:,
110::
1194:.
1169:.
1082:.
1008:)
994:.
872:.
816:.
198:/
195:t
192:Ι
189:w
186:k
180:p
177:Λ
174:/
170:(
43:.
36:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
