40:
2282:
2360:, in 1698, the Portuguese Empire declined and lost part of its land in east Africa . The British recognised the Persian Empire as the only sovereign of the entire Persian Gulf and it was mentioned in article 5 of the Preliminary Treaty of Friendship and Alliance in 1809. This recognition would be modified in subsequent negotiations including the Definitive Treaty of Friendship and Alliance, 1812, and the Treaty of Tehran, 1814, and remained the framework of Anglo–Persian relations over the next half century.
91:
2960:
2173:
3394:
2232:
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103:
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extremely convenient for the
Portuguese intentions of continuing to benefit from the trade that sailed the waters of the Gulf.The Portuguese were granted a share of customs revenue and exemption from tolls. From approximately 1625 to 1668, Basra and the Delta marshes were in the hands of local chiefs independent of the Ottoman administration in Baghdad.
2104:
2309:(small galleys) and galleys packed with cannons and infantry, any passage of the army was to be frustrated. In the suffocation points where the enemy's bulk and camps were located, they were destroyed by the bombardment of the Portuguese to the point that the casualties were too high, causing the enemy to retreat.
2098:
2312:
This unpredictable alignment with
Turkish forces in the defense of the city and region of Basra had two advantages: on the one hand, the Persian distraction with matters beyond Hormuz weakened the defense of this fortress against the Portuguese; on the other hand, the strategic location of Basra was
2297:
In
February 1624, between the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers, D. Diogo da Silveira, under the orders of Rui de Andrada, commanded the Portuguese who in battle defeated and removed the Safavid army from the region. The latter, in its attempt to capture the important port of Basra, commanded by the ruler
2163:
Albuquerque disobeyed orders and left to capture the island of Hormuz. He obtained the submission of the local king to the king of
Portugal, as well as the authorization to build a fort using local labor. He started to build a fort on 27 October 1507, and initially planned to man it with a garrison,
2208:
by rebels, and
Portuguese rule came to an end in 1602 after the Hormuzi governor, who was a relative of the Hormuzi king, started executing members of Bahrain's leading families. In 1602 year, the governor of Bahrain Rukuneddin Masud asked for help to Allahverdi Khan, governor of province Fars of
2289:
In 1523, the
Portuguese commanded by António Tenreiro crossed from Aleppo to Basra. In 1550, the local Kingdom of Basra and tribal rulers relied on the Portuguese against the Ottomans, after which the Portuguese threatened several times to invoke an invasion and conquest of Basra. From 1595, the
2082:
and as protector allied army. Later in 1622 the
Safavid conquered Hormuz with the help of the English, and tried to expel the Portuguese from the rest of the Persian Gulf, with the exception of the Gulf of Oman. The Portuguese were for the next decades as allies of Afrasiyab, the pasha of Basra,
2293:
Southern Iraq and the region of present-day Kuwait became a
Portuguese protectorate when local lords, fearing the Persian invasion and Ottoman oppression, preferred the advantages of trade with the Portuguese that connected them to the rest of Asia from the important port of Basra.
2209:
Savafid Empire, fearing the
Fisrushah, the governor of Hormus, who was under the patronage of Portugal After an offer received, Allahverdi Khan captured Bahrain, on his own initiative, without informing Abbas I, but he correctly predicted that Abbas will agree to this
2301:
This army is located by the
Portuguese fleet of D. Diogo da Silveira waiting in the middle of the river in the heart of present-day Iraq, the Portuguese commander, aware of the enemy's positions, defeats and force the withdrawal of Safavid troops on several fronts.
1391:
2916:
39:
2196:. In the fighting for Bahrain, most of the combat was carried out by Portuguese troops, while the Hormuzi admiral, Reis Xarafo, looked on. The Portuguese ruled Bahrain through a series of Hormuzi governors. However, the
180:
1384:
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landed on the Hormuz. Portugal occupied Hormuz from 1515 to 1622. As a vassal of the Portuguese state, the Kingdom of Hormuz jointly participated in the 1521 invasion of Bahrain that ended
1843:
2265:
took the city of Gamrun and transliterated the name to Comorão. Almost two years later (in 1615), Comorão was taken by Abbas the Great after a naval battle with the Portuguese and renamed
2290:
Portuguese acted as military protectors of Basra , and in 1624 they helped the Ottoman pasha of Basra to repel a Persian invasion with a fleet of galleys destroying the Safavid army.
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in order to control the entrance to the Red Sea; this was accomplished in 1507. The main part of the fleet then left for India, with a few ships remaining under Albuquerque.
878:
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2644:سمینار بین المللی ایران و آفریقا ۱۳۸۱دانشگاه تربیت مدرس- یونسکو- جلد دوم مقاله ایرانیان بلوچ در جنگ ممباسا دکتر عجم چاپ 1383 دانشگاه تربیت مدرس.
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asked for protection against the Safavid ruler Abbas I, from then on Portuguese stayed in the city and region as traders with a
296:
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888:
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2192:, had refused to pay the tribute Hormuz demanded, prompting the invasion under the command of the Portuguese conqueror,
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209:
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681:
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but could not hold it because of local resistance and the defection to India of several of his Portuguese captains.
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population which suffered religious disadvantages, prompting rebellion. In one case, the Hormuzi governor was
3338:
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1933:
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234:
2325:
or the battle of the Persian Gulf on 11–12 February 1625 was the largest naval battle ever fought in the
2188:
rule of the Bahrain archipelago. The Jabrid ruler was nominally a vassal of Hormuz, but the Jabrid King,
2184:
of the Portuguese, the Kingdom of Hormuz jointly participated in the 1521 invasion of Bahrain that ended
3204:
3192:
2710:
2060:
1891:
1789:
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Sanjay Subrahmanyam, The Career and Legend of Vasco da Gama, Cambridge University Press, 1997, p. 288.
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1951:
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122:
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Eufrates battle in 1624 _Portuguese protectorate of south iraq and portuguese territories of kuwait
1687:
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2016:
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239:
3106:
2341:(EIC). The battle ended in a draw, with thousands of dead and injured after 3 days of fighting.
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2053:
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2004:
107:
2528:
Foundations of the Portuguese empire, 1415—1580 Bailey Wallys Diffie p. 472.
2508:
Life and Land Use on the Bahrain Islands: The Geoarchaeology of an Ancient Society
2349:
2231:
2537:
Foundations of the Portuguese empire, 1415—1580 Bailey Wallys Diffie p. 472.
2519:
Foundations of the Portuguese empire, 1415—1580 Bailey Wallys Diffie p. 472.
2298:
of Shiraz, mobilized a large army of thousands of men to take over the province.
3328:
2811:
2646:
Documents on the Persian Gulf's name : the eternal heritage of ancient time
2205:
2197:
2022:
During this era, Portugal established its rule for about more than a century in
158:
3375:
2679:
2201:
2133:
526:
2589:
2083:
against the Safavids who failed several times to conquer the city of Basra.
2269:, or "Port of Abbas". In 1622, with the help of four English ships, Abbas
90:
2235:
The island of Hormuz was captured by an Anglo-Persian force in the 1622
2070:
After the Portuguese made several abortive attempts to seize control of
3370:
2634:. University of Michigan. Lisboa, Escriptorio, 147 rua dos Retrozeiros.
2580:
2185:
2157:
2145:
2064:
2027:
2687:
2664:"Rival Empires of Trade and Imami Shiism in Eastern Arabia, 1300-1800"
2663:
2103:
2181:
2141:
2012:
3063:
2497:
Charles Belgrave, The Pirate Coast, G. Bell & Sons, 1966 p. 6.
2346:
seizure of Portugal's key foothold at Fort Jesus on Mombasa Island
2306:
2280:
2230:
2149:
2102:
2096:
2075:
2071:
2008:
2949:
2129:
2039:
2920:
2706:
2702:
1373:
162:
2604:
2479:
Juan Cole, Sacred Space and Holy War, IB Tauris, 2007 p. 39.
2410:
The New Cambridge Modern History: The Reformation, 1520–1559
2052:), conquered Portuguese Bahrain, forcing them to war in the
44:
1697 Safavid illustration of the siege of Portuguese Hormuz.
2488:
Charles Belgrave, Personal Column, Hutchinson, 1960 p. 98.
2007:
from 1507 to 1625. The Portuguese were also supported by
2556:
Nascimento, Cristina; Capucha, Luís (October 2017).
3311:
3250:
3122:
3077:
3021:
2980:
2881:
2830:
2804:
2778:
2740:
2176:
Portuguese presence in the Persian Gulf (1507–1750)
2254:), in 1602, the Persian army under the command of
2030:, capturing some other islands and ports such as
2258:, managed to expel the Portuguese from Bahrain.
2113:The capture of Hormuz was a result of a plan by
2444:Foundations of the Portuguese empire, 1415–1580
2038:. The conflict came to an end when the Persian
32:
2558:"Coordenadas GPS: um instrumento de avaliação"
1211:Banda Oriental and Rio Grande do Sul (1762–63)
2932:
2718:
1385:
174:
8:
3242:2018 attack on the Iranian Embassy in London
3222:2004 Iranian seizure of Royal Navy personnel
2668:International Journal of Middle East Studies
3227:2007 Iranian arrest of Royal Navy personnel
3169:Nationalization of the Iranian oil industry
2628:Cordeiro, Luciano; Couto, Diogo do (1898).
2405:
2403:
2401:
2067:rule over the islands in the Persian Gulf.
3232:2011 attack on the British Embassy in Iran
2970:
2939:
2925:
2917:
2725:
2711:
2703:
2422:
2420:
2378:"IRAQ iv. RELATIONS IN THE SAFAVID PERIOD"
1392:
1378:
1370:
181:
167:
159:
29:
3003:Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Iran
2993:Ambassadors of Iran to the United Kingdom
2579:
2569:
2796:Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam
2510:University Of Chicago Press, 1984 p. 69.
2470:, Oxford University Press, 1829, p. 459.
2200:Hormuzi were not popular with Bahrain's
2171:
2369:
2156:was sent to capture the Muslim fort on
27:Series of wars in the 16th–17th century
3398:Category:Iran–United Kingdom relations
2333:force against a combined force of the
2101:Portuguese map of Hormuz, 17th century
3366:Neda Agha-Soltan Graduate Scholarship
3013:Persian embassy to Europe (1609–1615)
3008:Persian embassy to Europe (1599–1602)
2998:Embassy of the United Kingdom, Tehran
2468:Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia
2124:) who in 1505 had resolved to thwart
7:
2753:List of mothers of the Safavid shahs
2603:Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica.
2571:10.30553/sociologiaonline.2017.14.2
2015:, and Safavids had the help of the
3443:Warfare of the early modern period
3237:2011–2012 Strait of Hormuz dispute
3069:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
2605:"Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica"
2348:(now in Kenya) by the army of the
2059:In September 1507, the Portuguese
1999:were a series of wars between the
25:
2285:Persian portrait of a Portuguese.
2271:retook Hormuz from the Portuguese
3438:Iran–Portugal military relations
3393:
3392:
3100:British military network in Iran
2958:
2948:
2546:Nahavandi and Bomati pp. 159–62.
2305:With the crossings blocked with
2126:Muslim trade in the Indian Ocean
101:
89:
38:
2412:Geoffrey Rudolph Elton p. 662.
2249:
2119:
2087:Capture of Hormuz by Portuguese
2047:
3130:Anglo-Persian capture of Ormuz
2227:Anglo-Persian capture of Qeshm
1:
3135:British occupation of Bushehr
3095:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
2955:Iran–United Kingdom relations
2446:Bailey Wallys Diffie p. 472.
2093:Portuguese conquest of Hormuz
1982:Portuguese colonial campaigns
192:Portuguese colonial campaigns
65:Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean
3433:Military history of Portugal
3029:Anglo-Persian Treaty of 1801
2430:Henry Morse Stephens p. 54.
3428:Military history of England
3418:Wars involving Safavid Iran
2763:Safavid dynasty family tree
2219:Safavid conquest of Bahrain
3459:
3215:Satanic Verses controversy
3158:Anglo-Iranian Oil Co. case
2216:
2090:
2026:and more than 80 years in
3389:
3319:Anglo-Persian Oil Company
3303:Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe
3298:Roya Saberi Negad Nobakht
2968:
2889:Ottoman–Safavid relations
2680:10.1017/S0020743800031834
2662:Cole, Juan R. I. (1987).
2140:, to block trade through
2132:, to block trade through
1979:
1409:
200:
113:
82:
48:
37:
3164:1953 Iranian coup d'état
3152:1921 Persian coup d'état
3112:British support for Iraq
3049:Anglo-Russian Convention
2838:Military of Safavid Iran
2394:by William Logan p. 312.
2335:Dutch East India Company
1250:Banda Oriental (1816–20)
1228:Banda Oriental (1776–77)
1181:Banda Oriental (1735–37)
949:Cape of Good Hope (1630)
3423:Wars involving Portugal
3339:Imperial Bank of Persia
3054:Anglo-Persian Agreement
2988:Embassy of Iran, London
1993:Portuguese–Safavid wars
1352:Guinea-Bissau (1963–74)
879:Coromandel Coast (1619)
33:Portuguese–Safavid wars
3344:Persian Gulf Residency
3034:Treaty of Paris (1857)
2848:Persian–Portuguese War
2631:Dois capitães da India
2466:James Silk Buckingham
2286:
2277:Eufrates-Tigris battle
2240:
2177:
2148:to control trade with
2110:
2108:
1997:Persian-Portugese wars
1265:Mozambique (1847–1910)
884:Persian Gulf (1621–22)
782:Indian Ocean (1586–89)
532:Indian Ocean (1538–60)
332:Persian Gulf (1507–15)
297:Indian Ocean (1505–17)
114:Commanders and leaders
18:Persian–Portuguese War
3205:Iranian Embassy siege
3193:Guadeloupe Conference
2868:Georgian-Safavid Wars
2779:Ideology and religion
2284:
2234:
2175:
2106:
2100:
2061:Afonso de Albuquerque
1144:East Africa (1696–98)
402:Sri Lanka (1520–1658)
128:Afonso de Albuquerque
2882:Other related topics
2843:Ottoman–Persian Wars
2791:Ideology of Safavids
2019:on the other side.
1357:Mozambique (1964–74)
1322:Mozambique (1917-18)
1317:Mozambique (1917–18)
1302:East Timor (1911–12)
1240:French Guiana (1809)
1089:2nd Sri Lanka (1654)
1084:1st Sri Lanka (1654)
482:Moluccas (1530–1607)
3359:Tehran War Cemetery
2863:Mughal–Persian Wars
2648:pp. 84–85, 204–205.
2223:Capture of Cambarão
1403:in the Indian Ocean
924:Persian Gulf (1625)
894:Persian Gulf (1622)
864:Persian Gulf (1614)
802:Sri Lanka (1587–88)
787:Persian Gulf (1586)
657:Sri Lanka (1557–58)
647:Gulf of Oman (1554)
632:Persian Gulf (1551)
497:Persian Gulf (1534)
477:Persian Gulf (1529)
3381:The New Great Game
3334:East India Company
3293:Fowzi Badavi Nejad
3188:Iranian Revolution
2858:Persian–Uzbek wars
2562:Sociologia on Line
2506:Curtis E. Larsen.
2339:East India Company
2287:
2241:
2213:Persian reconquest
2178:
2168:Capture of Bahrain
2111:
2109:
2017:Kingdom of England
1401:Portuguese battles
1312:Angola (1914–1917)
1223:Angola (1774–1778)
1029:Malaysia (1640–41)
969:East Africa (1632)
889:Trincomalee (1622)
859:Brazil (1612–1615)
567:East Africa (1542)
527:Brazil (1534–1536)
472:East Africa (1528)
387:East Africa (1517)
312:East Africa (1507)
292:East Africa (1505)
3405:
3404:
3198:Conspiracy theory
3085:Anglo-Persian War
3059:Tehran Conference
3044:D'Arcy Concession
3039:Reuter concession
2975:
2974:
2914:
2913:
2853:Russo-Persian War
2831:Military and wars
2822:School of Isfahan
2609:iranicaonline.org
2323:battle off Hormuz
2317:Battle off Hormuz
2263:Portuguese Empire
2237:capture of Hormuz
2009:Kingdom of Hormuz
2001:Portuguese Empire
1988:
1987:
1367:
1366:
1280:Mozambique (1895)
1275:Mozambique (1895)
1099:Malabar (1658–63)
994:Gold Coast (1637)
934:Gold Coast (1625)
822:India (1599–1600)
722:Chaul (1570–1571)
682:Gold Coast (1562)
602:Insulindia (1545)
452:Insulindia (1526)
447:Insulindia (1525)
442:Sumatra (1523–24)
417:Insulindia (1521)
277:India (1500–1513)
230:Morocco (1463–64)
157:
156:
96:Portuguese Empire
78:
77:
16:(Redirected from
3450:
3396:
3395:
3324:Bahrain province
3288:Ghoncheh Ghavami
3263:Anoosheh Ashoori
3090:Persian Campaign
2981:Diplomatic posts
2971:
2963:
2962:
2953:
2952:
2941:
2934:
2927:
2918:
2894:Gunpowder Empire
2727:
2720:
2713:
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2699:
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2642:
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2449:
2441:
2435:
2424:
2415:
2407:
2396:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2374:
2253:
2252: 1588–1629
2251:
2243:By the order of
2190:Muqrin ibn Zamil
2154:Tristão da Cunha
2152:. A fleet under
2123:
2122: 1495–1521
2121:
2051:
2050: 1588–1629
2049:
1730:Strait of Hormuz
1404:
1394:
1387:
1380:
1371:
1347:Angola (1961–74)
1342:Africa (1961–74)
1307:Angola (1914–15)
1292:Angola (1902–04)
1255:Brazil (1821–25)
1206:Brazil (1762–63)
1079:Brazil (1652–54)
1034:Angola (1641–48)
984:Arabia (1633–43)
732:Mangalore (1571)
642:Arabia (1552–54)
195:
193:
183:
176:
169:
160:
106:
105:
104:
94:
93:
50:
49:
42:
30:
21:
3458:
3457:
3453:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3385:
3307:
3246:
3140:Tobacco Protest
3118:
3073:
3017:
2976:
2964:
2957:
2947:
2945:
2915:
2910:
2877:
2873:Defensive walls
2826:
2800:
2774:
2758:Safavid dynasty
2736:
2731:
2661:
2658:
2653:
2652:
2643:
2639:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2613:
2611:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2545:
2541:
2536:
2532:
2527:
2523:
2518:
2514:
2505:
2501:
2496:
2492:
2487:
2483:
2478:
2474:
2465:
2461:
2456:
2452:
2442:
2438:
2425:
2418:
2408:
2399:
2389:
2385:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2366:
2358:Saif bin Sultan
2319:
2279:
2256:Allahverdi Khan
2248:
2229:
2217:Main articles:
2215:
2194:António Correia
2170:
2118:
2095:
2089:
2046:
1989:
1984:
1975:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1368:
1363:
1327:Timor (1942–43)
1245:China (1809–10)
1176:India (1729–32)
1044:India (1644–45)
1009:India (1638–39)
939:Malaysia (1628)
869:Malaysia (1615)
849:Malaysia (1606)
844:Malaysia (1606)
797:Malaysia (1587)
792:Malaysia (1586)
752:Malaysia (1575)
747:Malaysia (1574)
742:Malaysia (1573)
737:India (1570–75)
717:Goa (1570–1571)
652:Pakistan (1557)
637:Malaysia (1551)
617:Malaysia (1547)
597:Malaysia (1543)
592:Ethiopia (1543)
587:Ethiopia (1542)
582:Ethiopia (1542)
577:Ethiopia (1542)
572:Ethiopia (1542)
562:Ethiopia (1542)
557:Ethiopia (1541)
522:Moluccas (1536)
517:Malaysia (1536)
512:Malaysia (1535)
502:Malaysia (1534)
437:Malaysia (1523)
397:Malaysia (1520)
352:Malaysia (1511)
196:
191:
189:
187:
153:
149:Allahverdi Khan
132:
102:
100:
88:
74:Safavid victory
66:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3456:
3454:
3446:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3410:
3409:
3403:
3402:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3354:Gholhak Garden
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3283:Kamal Foroughi
3280:
3278:Arthur Edwards
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3210:Salman Rushdie
3207:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3161:
3154:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3137:
3132:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3104:
3103:
3102:
3092:
3087:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2984:
2982:
2978:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2921:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2896:
2891:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2722:
2715:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2674:(2): 177–203.
2657:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2637:
2620:
2595:
2548:
2539:
2530:
2521:
2512:
2499:
2490:
2481:
2472:
2459:
2450:
2436:
2416:
2397:
2392:Malabar manual
2383:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2329:. It pitted a
2318:
2315:
2278:
2275:
2214:
2211:
2169:
2166:
2091:Main article:
2088:
2085:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1949:
1943:
1937:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1889:
1883:
1877:
1871:
1865:
1859:
1853:
1847:
1844:Gulf of Mannar
1841:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1817:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1775:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1727:
1721:
1715:
1709:
1703:
1697:
1691:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1661:
1655:
1647:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1581:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1527:
1521:
1515:
1507:
1499:
1491:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1389:
1382:
1374:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1218:Morocco (1769)
1215:
1214:
1213:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1024:Morocco (1640)
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
944:Malacca (1629)
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
839:Sumatra (1606)
836:
830:
829:
825:
824:
819:
814:
812:Senegal (1589)
809:
807:Mombasa (1589)
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
757:Morocco (1578)
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
727:Honavar (1571)
724:
719:
714:
712:Sumatra (1569)
709:
707:Malacca (1568)
704:
699:
694:
692:Morocco (1564)
689:
687:Morocco (1562)
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
552:Red Sea (1541)
549:
547:Red Sea (1541)
544:
542:Red Sea (1541)
539:
537:Red Sea (1541)
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
492:Morocco (1533)
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
467:Sumatra (1528)
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
427:Sumatra (1522)
424:
419:
414:
412:Bahrain (1521)
409:
407:Sumatra (1521)
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
382:Morocco (1516)
379:
377:Morocco (1515)
374:
372:Morocco (1515)
369:
367:Morocco (1514)
364:
362:Morocco (1514)
359:
357:Morocco (1513)
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
322:Socotra (1507)
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
282:Algeria (1501)
279:
273:
272:
268:
267:
265:Morocco (1490)
262:
260:Morocco (1489)
257:
255:Morocco (1487)
252:
247:
245:Morocco (1471)
242:
240:Morocco (1471)
237:
235:Morocco (1468)
232:
227:
225:Morocco (1458)
222:
220:Morocco (1437)
217:
215:Morocco (1419)
212:
210:Morocco (1415)
206:
205:
201:
198:
197:
188:
186:
185:
178:
171:
163:
155:
154:
152:
151:
146:
144:Imam Quli Khan
141:
135:
133:
131:
130:
125:
119:
116:
115:
111:
110:
98:
85:
84:
80:
79:
76:
75:
72:
68:
67:
64:
62:
58:
57:
54:
46:
45:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3455:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3400:
3399:
3388:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3349:Rhum gasfield
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3258:Kameel Ahmady
3256:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3186:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3176:Abadan Crisis
3174:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3121:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3107:Iran–Iraq War
3105:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2972:
2967:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2942:
2937:
2935:
2930:
2928:
2923:
2922:
2919:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2771:
2770:Grand viziers
2768:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2748:Safavid shahs
2746:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2728:
2723:
2721:
2716:
2714:
2709:
2708:
2705:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2647:
2641:
2638:
2633:
2632:
2624:
2621:
2610:
2606:
2599:
2596:
2591:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2564:(14): 29–52.
2563:
2559:
2552:
2549:
2543:
2540:
2534:
2531:
2525:
2522:
2516:
2513:
2509:
2503:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2485:
2482:
2476:
2473:
2469:
2463:
2460:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2387:
2384:
2379:
2373:
2370:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2316:
2314:
2310:
2308:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2283:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2261:In 1612, the
2259:
2257:
2246:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2174:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2128:by capturing
2127:
2116:
2105:
2099:
2094:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2057:
2055:
2044:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1983:
1978:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1856:Formoso River
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1395:
1390:
1388:
1383:
1381:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1297:Angola (1907)
1295:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1201:Brazil (1756)
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1171:Angola (1723)
1169:
1167:
1166:Brazil (1711)
1164:
1162:
1161:Brazil (1710)
1159:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1134:Angola (1681)
1132:
1130:
1129:Angola (1671)
1127:
1125:
1124:Angola (1670)
1122:
1120:
1119:Angola (1670)
1117:
1115:
1114:Brazil (1666)
1112:
1110:
1109:Angola (1665)
1107:
1105:
1104:Margão (1659)
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1094:Mannar (1658)
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1074:Arabia (1650)
1072:
1070:
1069:Brazil (1649)
1067:
1065:
1064:Brazil (1648)
1062:
1060:
1059:Angola (1647)
1057:
1055:
1054:Brazil (1645)
1052:
1050:
1049:Brazil (1645)
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1039:Brazil (1641)
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1019:Brazil (1640)
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1004:Brazil (1638)
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
989:Brazil (1636)
987:
985:
982:
980:
979:Arabia (1633)
977:
975:
974:Bengal (1632)
972:
970:
967:
965:
964:Brazil (1631)
962:
960:
957:
955:
954:Brazil (1630)
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
929:Brazil (1625)
927:
925:
922:
920:
919:Angola (1624)
917:
915:
914:Brazil (1624)
912:
910:
909:Angola (1623)
907:
905:
904:Angola (1622)
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
874:Jaffna (1619)
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
831:
827:
826:
823:
820:
818:
817:Jaffna (1591)
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
777:Angola (1583)
775:
773:
772:Arabia (1581)
770:
768:
765:
763:
762:Angola (1580)
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
702:Brazil (1567)
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
672:Jaffna (1560)
670:
668:
665:
663:
662:Brazil (1558)
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
627:Arabia (1548)
625:
623:
622:Arabia (1548)
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
432:Arabia (1523)
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
327:Arabia (1507)
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
274:
270:
269:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
250:Guinea (1478)
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
207:
203:
202:
199:
194:
184:
179:
177:
172:
170:
165:
164:
161:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
136:
134:
129:
126:
124:
121:
120:
118:
117:
112:
109:
99:
97:
92:
87:
86:
81:
73:
70:
69:
63:
60:
59:
55:
52:
51:
47:
41:
36:
31:
19:
3391:
3273:Abbas Edalat
3268:Roger Cooper
3156:
3145:Zainab Pasha
2734:Safavid Iran
2671:
2667:
2645:
2640:
2630:
2623:
2612:. Retrieved
2608:
2598:
2561:
2551:
2542:
2533:
2524:
2515:
2507:
2502:
2493:
2484:
2475:
2467:
2462:
2453:
2443:
2439:
2431:
2427:
2409:
2391:
2386:
2372:
2343:
2327:Persian Gulf
2320:
2311:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2267:Bandar Abbas
2260:
2242:
2179:
2162:
2112:
2069:
2058:
2054:Persian Gulf
2036:Bandar Abbas
2021:
2005:Safavid Iran
1996:
1992:
1990:
1886:Langat River
1880:Persian Gulf
1832:Cape Rachado
1778:Leitao Coast
1736:Gulf of Oman
1694:Perlis River
1650:
1510:
1502:
1494:
1468:
1337:India (1961)
1332:India (1954)
1286:20th century
1270:China (1849)
1260:China (1846)
1234:19th century
1196:India (1752)
1191:India (1746)
1186:India (1746)
1156:India (1704)
1150:18th century
1139:India (1693)
1014:India (1639)
999:India (1638)
959:Jambi (1630)
899:China (1622)
854:India (1612)
828:17th century
767:India (1581)
697:Japan (1565)
677:Japan (1561)
667:India (1559)
612:India (1547)
607:India (1546)
507:Tunis (1535)
487:India (1531)
457:India (1526)
422:China (1521)
347:India (1510)
342:India (1509)
337:India (1508)
317:India (1507)
307:India (1506)
302:India (1506)
287:India (1504)
271:16th century
204:15th century
108:Safavid Iran
83:Belligerents
3329:BBC Persian
3251:Individuals
2581:10071/16952
2428:Albuquerque
1912:(1633–1643)
1892:Duyon River
1804:(1599–1600)
834:Java (1601)
462:Java (1527)
3412:Categories
3376:Great Game
2614:2023-11-19
2364:References
2337:(VOC) and
2331:Portuguese
2134:Alexandria
1578:Muar River
392:Goa (1517)
3123:Incidents
3078:Conflicts
3022:Diplomacy
2817:Miniature
2786:Safaviyya
2696:162702326
2590:1647-3337
2352:ruler of
2344:With the
2206:crucified
1960:(1696–98)
1924:(1638–39)
1870:(1621–22)
1846:(1612–13)
1802:Kottakkal
1586:(1523–24)
1572:Ash-Shihr
1476:Cannanore
1444:Cannanore
1426:Pandarane
1414:Cannanore
56:1507–1625
3181:Timeline
2350:Ya'rubid
2115:Manuel I
1928:Mormugão
1850:Cambarão
1706:Al-Shihr
1644:Ugentana
1638:Ugentana
1626:Reishahr
1450:Anjadiva
123:Manuel I
61:Location
3371:Old fox
3312:Related
2805:Culture
2741:Dynasty
2656:Sources
2245:Abbas I
2158:Socotra
2146:Malacca
2080:factory
2043:Abbas I
2028:Bahrain
1970:Calicut
1958:Mombasa
1952:Colombo
1946:Colombo
1934:Malacca
1898:Hooghly
1826:Malacca
1814:Bahrain
1754:Malacca
1742:Bahrain
1718:Malacca
1682:Benadir
1632:Malacca
1614:Bahrain
1602:Mombasa
1596:Calicut
1554:Bahrain
1511:Malacca
1462:Socotra
1438:Mombasa
1420:Calicut
139:Abbas I
2899:Abbasi
2694:
2688:163353
2686:
2588:
2307:fustas
2225:, and
2186:Jabrid
2182:vassal
2144:; and
2142:Beirut
2138:Hormuz
2074:, the
2065:Jabrid
2024:Hormuz
2013:vassal
2011:, its
1972:(1752)
1966:(1704)
1954:(1654)
1948:(1654)
1942:(1650)
1940:Muscat
1936:(1641)
1930:(1639)
1918:(1638)
1906:(1633)
1904:Julfar
1900:(1632)
1894:(1629)
1888:(1628)
1882:(1625)
1876:(1622)
1874:Hormuz
1864:(1619)
1862:Jaffna
1858:(1615)
1852:(1614)
1840:(1612)
1838:Swally
1834:(1606)
1828:(1606)
1822:(1606)
1816:(1602)
1810:(1601)
1808:Bantam
1798:(1591)
1796:Jaffna
1792:(1587)
1786:(1586)
1780:(1586)
1774:(1581)
1768:(1581)
1766:Muscat
1762:(1569)
1756:(1568)
1750:(1560)
1748:Jaffna
1744:(1559)
1738:(1554)
1732:(1553)
1726:(1552)
1724:Muscat
1720:(1551)
1714:(1551)
1708:(1548)
1702:(1548)
1696:(1547)
1690:(1546)
1684:(1542)
1678:(1541)
1672:(1541)
1670:El Tor
1666:(1541)
1664:Jeddah
1660:(1541)
1658:Suakin
1654:(1538)
1646:(1536)
1640:(1535)
1634:(1534)
1628:(1534)
1622:(1531)
1616:(1529)
1610:(1528)
1604:(1528)
1598:(1526)
1592:(1525)
1590:Lingga
1580:(1523)
1574:(1523)
1568:(1522)
1562:(1521)
1560:Bintan
1556:(1521)
1550:(1521)
1544:(1520)
1538:(1517)
1532:(1517)
1526:(1517)
1524:Jeddah
1520:(1513)
1514:(1511)
1506:(1510)
1498:(1509)
1490:(1508)
1484:(1508)
1478:(1507)
1472:(1507)
1469:Hormuz
1464:(1507)
1458:(1507)
1456:Barawa
1452:(1506)
1446:(1506)
1440:(1505)
1434:(1504)
1432:Cochin
1428:(1504)
1422:(1503)
1416:(1501)
71:Result
2904:Abazi
2692:S2CID
2684:JSTOR
2198:Sunni
2180:As a
2150:China
2076:pasha
2072:Basra
2032:Qeshm
1964:Surat
1922:Daman
1910:Sohar
1868:Qeshm
1790:Johor
1784:Johor
1772:Daman
1712:Qatif
1584:Pasai
1566:Pedir
1536:Zeila
1488:Dabul
1482:Chaul
3064:P5+1
2586:ISSN
2354:Oman
2321:The
2202:Shia
2130:Aden
2040:shah
2034:and
2003:and
1991:The
1820:Aceh
1760:Aceh
1700:Aden
1676:Suez
1608:Aceh
1548:Aceh
1542:Pago
1518:Aden
53:Date
2812:Art
2676:doi
2576:hdl
2566:doi
1995:or
1916:Goa
1688:Diu
1651:Diu
1620:Diu
1530:Goa
1503:Goa
1495:Diu
3414::
2690:.
2682:.
2672:19
2670:.
2666:.
2607:.
2584:.
2574:.
2560:.
2432:ff
2419:^
2400:^
2356:,
2273:.
2250:r.
2221:,
2136:;
2120:r.
2056:.
2048:r.
2940:e
2933:t
2926:v
2726:e
2719:t
2712:v
2698:.
2678::
2617:.
2592:.
2578::
2568::
2380:.
2247:(
2239:.
2117:(
2045:(
1393:e
1386:t
1379:v
182:e
175:t
168:v
20:)
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