29:
583:
568:
460:
Bjerregaard P, Laursen HB (January 1980). "Persistent left superior vena cava. Incidence, associated congenital heart defects and frontal plane P-wave axis in a paediatric population with congenital heart disease".
149:
is performed to determine whether a fetus has the condition. Otherwise, it is often unnoticed unless an extenuating circumstance warrants further examination of the heart, usually much later in life.
637:
36:
The (right) superior vena cava (on left) and the left brachiocephalic vein (here labeled as left innominate vein). The left superior vena cava is not shown in this image.
839:
835:
630:
369:
Fligner, Corinne L.; Clark, John I.; Clark, Judy M.; Larson, Lyle W.; Poole, Jeanne E. (2018-01-01), Poole, Jeanne E.; Larson, Lyle W. (eds.),
831:
528:
390:
343:
888:
623:
867:
297:
808:
322:
Crispi, Fatima; Martinez, Josep M. (2018-01-01), Copel, Joshua A.; D'Alton, Mary E.; Feltovich, Helen; Gratacós, Eduard (eds.),
204:
Pahwa R, Kumar A (May 2003). "Persistent left superior vena cava: an intensivist's experience and review of the literature".
108:
711:
739:
171:
If no other cardiac abnormalities are present, persistent left superior vena cava will not be treated, as it is usually
103:
In isolation, the variation is considered benign, but is very frequently associated with cardiac abnormalities (e.g.
859:
757:
156:
104:
686:
681:
598:
249:"Persistent left superior vena cava draining into the coronary sinus: report of 10 cases and literature review"
775:
701:
691:
120:
653:
649:
508:
370:
323:
65:
615:
77:
646:
587:
413:"Prenatal diagnosis of persistent left superior vena cava and its associated congenital anomalies"
800:
796:
696:
486:
442:
229:
180:
127:
49:
845:
749:
734:
524:
478:
434:
386:
339:
278:
221:
767:
726:
706:
516:
470:
424:
378:
331:
268:
260:
213:
146:
823:
661:
592:
520:
474:
382:
335:
273:
248:
217:
97:
882:
716:
57:
603:
490:
446:
233:
172:
160:
130:
is almost always unaffected by the presence of persistent left superior vena cava.
93:
176:
577:
139:
81:
61:
116:
438:
282:
264:
225:
507:
Marelli, Ariane J. (2012-01-01), Goldman, Lee; Schafer, Andrew I. (eds.),
482:
184:
560:
152:
43:
60:. It is present in between 0.3% and 0.5% of the population, and is an
572:
429:
412:
247:
Gonzalez-Juanatey C, Testa A, Vidan J, et al. (September 2004).
54:
28:
673:
143:
112:
163:
may show a "pipe" sign where the left superior vena cava occurs.
89:
85:
619:
328:
Obstetric
Imaging: Fetal Diagnosis and Care (Second Edition)
411:
Berg C, Knüppel M, Geipel A, et al. (March 2006).
550:
858:
822:
795:
788:
766:
748:
725:
672:
660:
554:
371:"2 - Surgical Anatomy for the Implanting Physician"
21:
515:, Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, pp. 397–409,
513:Goldman's Cecil Medicine (Twenty Fourth Edition)
76:In persistent left superior vena cava, the left
375:Surgical Implantation of Cardiac Rhythm Devices
631:
8:
138:If an anomaly is detected during a routine
792:
669:
638:
624:
616:
551:
324:"92 - Anomalies of Systemic Venous Return"
27:
18:
509:"69 - Congenital Heart Disease in Adults"
428:
296:Freedom RM, Culham JAG, Moes CAF (1984).
272:
183:enters the circulation to the body, and
299:Angiography of Congenital Heart Disease
196:
119:. It is more frequent in patients with
64:remnant that results from a failure to
832:Anomalous pulmonary venous connection
175:and unharmful. If it drains into the
7:
502:
500:
364:
362:
360:
317:
315:
313:
311:
309:
80:does not develop fully and the left
53:is the most common variation of the
868:Cerebral arteriovenous malformation
814:Persistent left superior vena cava
521:10.1016/b978-1-4377-1604-7.00069-5
475:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1980.tb07039.x
383:10.1016/b978-0-323-40126-5.00002-1
336:10.1016/b978-0-323-44548-1.00092-9
218:10.1097/01.smj.0000060885.27846.91
22:Persistent left superior vena cava
14:
330:, Elsevier, pp. 411–414.e1,
302:. New York: Macmillan Publishing.
809:Congenital stenosis of vena cava
109:atrioventricular septal defect
1:
712:Aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva
740:Stenosis of pulmonary artery
377:, Elsevier, pp. 13–58,
889:Congenital vascular defects
905:
860:Arteriovenous malformation
758:Aberrant subclavian artery
111:) that have a significant
417:Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol
105:ventricular septal defect
35:
26:
687:Coarctation of the aorta
682:Patent ductus arteriosus
121:congenital heart defects
776:Single umbilical artery
702:Right-sided aortic arch
692:Interrupted aortic arch
265:10.1002/clc.4960270909
654:Vascular malformation
161:parasagittal section
78:brachiocephalic vein
463:Acta Paediatr Scand
801:inferior vena cava
697:Double aortic arch
181:deoxygenated blood
128:superior vena cava
50:superior vena cava
876:
875:
854:
853:
846:Scimitar syndrome
784:
783:
750:Subclavian artery
735:Pulmonary atresia
613:
612:
530:978-1-4377-1604-7
392:978-0-323-40126-5
345:978-0-323-44548-1
40:
39:
16:Medical condition
896:
793:
768:Umbilical artery
727:Pulmonary artery
707:Overriding aorta
670:
650:vascular defects
640:
633:
626:
617:
552:
540:
539:
538:
537:
504:
495:
494:
457:
451:
450:
432:
430:10.1002/uog.2704
408:
402:
401:
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399:
366:
355:
354:
353:
352:
319:
304:
303:
293:
287:
286:
276:
244:
238:
237:
201:
48:persistent left
31:
19:
904:
903:
899:
898:
897:
895:
894:
893:
879:
878:
877:
872:
850:
818:
780:
762:
744:
721:
665:
656:
644:
614:
609:
608:
563:
549:
544:
543:
535:
533:
531:
506:
505:
498:
459:
458:
454:
410:
409:
405:
397:
395:
393:
368:
367:
358:
350:
348:
346:
321:
320:
307:
295:
294:
290:
246:
245:
241:
203:
202:
198:
193:
169:
136:
92:drain into the
74:
17:
12:
11:
5:
902:
900:
892:
891:
881:
880:
874:
873:
871:
870:
864:
862:
856:
855:
852:
851:
849:
848:
843:
828:
826:
824:Pulmonary vein
820:
819:
817:
816:
811:
805:
803:
790:
786:
785:
782:
781:
779:
778:
772:
770:
764:
763:
761:
760:
754:
752:
746:
745:
743:
742:
737:
731:
729:
723:
722:
720:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
678:
676:
667:
666:other arteries
662:Great arteries
658:
657:
645:
643:
642:
635:
628:
620:
611:
610:
607:
606:
595:
580:
564:
559:
558:
556:
555:Classification
548:
547:External links
545:
542:
541:
529:
496:
452:
403:
391:
356:
344:
305:
288:
239:
195:
194:
192:
189:
168:
165:
147:echocardiogram
135:
132:
98:coronary sinus
73:
70:
38:
37:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
901:
890:
887:
886:
884:
869:
866:
865:
863:
861:
857:
847:
844:
841:
837:
833:
830:
829:
827:
825:
821:
815:
812:
810:
807:
806:
804:
802:
798:
794:
791:
787:
777:
774:
773:
771:
769:
765:
759:
756:
755:
753:
751:
747:
741:
738:
736:
733:
732:
730:
728:
724:
718:
717:Vascular ring
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
679:
677:
675:
671:
668:
663:
659:
655:
651:
648:
641:
636:
634:
629:
627:
622:
621:
618:
605:
601:
600:
596:
594:
590:
589:
585:
581:
579:
575:
574:
570:
566:
565:
562:
557:
553:
546:
532:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
503:
501:
497:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
456:
453:
448:
444:
440:
436:
431:
426:
423:(3): 274–80.
422:
418:
414:
407:
404:
394:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
365:
363:
361:
357:
347:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
318:
316:
314:
312:
310:
306:
301:
300:
292:
289:
284:
280:
275:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
243:
240:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
206:South. Med. J
200:
197:
190:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
166:
164:
162:
158:
154:
150:
148:
145:
141:
133:
131:
129:
124:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
101:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
71:
69:
67:
63:
59:
58:venous system
56:
52:
51:
45:
34:
30:
25:
20:
813:
597:
582:
567:
534:, retrieved
512:
469:(1): 105–8.
466:
462:
455:
420:
416:
406:
396:, retrieved
374:
349:, retrieved
327:
298:
291:
259:(9): 515–8.
256:
253:Clin Cardiol
252:
242:
212:(5): 528–9.
209:
205:
199:
173:asymptomatic
170:
151:
137:
126:The (right)
125:
102:
94:right atrium
75:
72:Presentation
47:
41:
789:Great veins
187:may occur.
177:left atrium
159:scans in a
62:embryologic
647:Congenital
604:D000083402
536:2020-11-16
398:2020-11-16
351:2020-11-16
191:References
140:ultrasound
82:upper limb
167:Treatment
134:Diagnosis
117:morbidity
113:mortality
883:Category
797:Superior
491:22657811
447:26364072
439:16456841
283:15471164
234:37083684
226:12911199
185:cyanosis
96:via the
66:involute
55:thoracic
840:Partial
483:7368902
274:6654321
179:, then
44:anatomy
593:747.49
527:
489:
481:
445:
437:
389:
342:
281:
271:
232:
224:
836:Total
674:Aorta
578:Q26.1
487:S2CID
443:S2CID
230:S2CID
144:fetal
599:MeSH
588:9-CM
525:ISBN
479:PMID
435:PMID
387:ISBN
340:ISBN
279:PMID
222:PMID
155:and
142:, a
115:and
90:neck
88:and
86:head
84:and
46:, a
584:ICD
569:ICD
517:doi
471:doi
425:doi
379:doi
332:doi
269:PMC
261:doi
214:doi
157:MRI
42:In
885::
838:,
652:/
602::
591::
576::
573:10
523:,
511:,
499:^
485:.
477:.
467:69
465:.
441:.
433:.
421:27
419:.
415:.
385:,
373:,
359:^
338:,
326:,
308:^
277:.
267:.
257:27
255:.
251:.
228:.
220:.
210:96
208:.
153:CT
123:.
107:,
100:.
68:.
842:)
834:(
799:/
664:/
639:e
632:t
625:v
586:-
571:-
561:D
519::
493:.
473::
449:.
427::
381::
334::
285:.
263::
236:.
216::
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