1799:
107:
2575:
instruções, estas contrariavam o rumo que ele havia dado à negociação. Ainda assim, insistiu na tese do 'uti possidetis de facto' mesmo chocando-se frontalmente com a orientação que recebera da capital. Ainda que o tratado tenha sido posteriormente rejeitado, quando seus termos foram retomados, no tratado de 1851, prevaleceria a tese de que a utilização do critério da posse efetiva se constituía no argumento mais vantajoso para o Brasil nas negociações com os vizinhos hispanos. O tratado assinado durante a Missão
Especial, em sua essência, repetiu os termos negociados uma década antes e tornou-se modelo para as discussões de limites que se seguiram.
1885:
1898:
71:
1713:
1483:
59:
1831:
1813:
1070:
1691:
1496:
360:
321:
1669:
1520:
374:
335:
1868:
1748:
1849:
1508:
1916:
1727:
1431:
senators of the
General Congress and the ministers of the three supreme courts from among those proposed by their respective senates. He presented to the apostolic chair the archbishops and bishops of the three republics. He could dissolve the General Congress when a spirit of disorder manifestly seized the chambers, threatening the internal peace of the confederation.
1057:, through which the occupation was undone six days later and the Peruvian ships captured by Chile were to be returned. After Blanco Encalada's troops arrived in Valparaíso, he was met with hostile demonstrations and the Chilean government repudiated the treaty of Paucarpata. A second expedition headed by
1438:
would be made up of two
Chambers: one of Senators, with 15 members (five per State), and another of Representatives, with 21 members (7 per State). They met every two years for fifty days, and may be extended at the discretion of the Executive. He could be summoned extraordinarily by the government,
1417:
would be in the hands of Santa Cruz with the title of
Protector of the Confederation, with a term of 10 years and the possibility of being re-elected, although the latter was not applicable if he had been removed from office by the Senate. The general customs and the general postal administration
2574:
Nunca será excessivo destacar a importância de Ponte
Ribeiro na fixação do 'uti possidetis' como doutrina para a discussão dos limites brasileiros. Na negociação do tratado de 1841 com o Peru, o diplomata atuou inicialmente sem orientação clara do Rio de Janeiro e quando finalmente chegaram as
1430:
of the sea and land forces of the confederate republics. He exercised the executive power of the state in which he was found. He appointed and removed the ministers of State and other public employees, being able to create new ministries. He chose the presidents of the confederate states, the
729:
on August 15—as the
Supreme Protector of the state. Orbegoso also presented his resignation, but it was not approved by the assembly, who named him provisional president. The assembly also established the new territorial divisions of the country. Unlike its new southern neighbour, North Peru
1861:
expressed his belief that, despite him agreeing with Chile over the threat the state posed to the region (and his personal disliking of Santa Cruz's government and person), the state was doomed due to its dysfunctionality between Santa Cruz's government and
Peruvian elements in Bolivia, and
1408:
This was in accordance to the constitution's stating that each of the three republics would have its own government, with equal rights between the three, but they were subject to the authority of a
General Government, whose three powers would have the following characteristics:
937:
through which the state would operate, and also included the design of the flag. Reactions to the pact were mixed event among its signatories, and disagreements led to the establishment of one constituent congress per member state. The act was later promulgated in 1837.
744:
had previously been held on June 21, 1836, which authorized Santa Cruz to complete the confederation project to which
Bolivia had already adhered with the Law of July 22, 1835. Around that time, Santa Cruz received the diploma and insignia of Grand Officer of the
1734:: relations soured quickly after the establishment of the Confederation as Chile wanted to maintain its hegemony over trade in the South Pacific. Peruvian support for a failed naval invasion led to the declaration of war in 1836, which led to a Chilean-backed
616:, among others—who sought to reintegrate the two Perus, disagreeing only in the form of the “union”: confederation or merger. An important factor in the desire to unite these two states were the historical ties between both regions, even after independence.
793:
During the meeting, Santa Cruz arranged for each state to send a priest, a soldier and a lawyer as delegates before, and consequently, three religious, three lawyers and three soldiers marched to Tacna. The nine delegates were as follows:
765:
Provided, then, with all the legal elements granted by the assemblies of the three states, Santa Cruz decreed the establishment of the Peru–Bolivian
Confederation, by decree given in Lima on October 28, 1836. A congress known today as the
893:
Initially, January 24, 1837, was chosen as the congress' date, but it had to be postponed. Santa Cruz decided to accompany the plenipotentiaries of the North-Peruvian State, for which reason he left Lima and embarked on the frigate
106:
906:, where he arrived on February 27. The congress was postponed to April 18; Meanwhile, Santa Cruz remained in Arica, but on March 2 he headed for Tacna, where he was received with much fanfare. From Tacna he went to
1290:, in each of the Confederation's states, there was, from 1837 until the dissolution, a “provisional president” under Marshal Andrés de Santa Cruz, who was styled the “supreme protector” and was also president of
956:
Like Orbegoso, Santa Cruz also had many opponents and enemies born in the frequent caudillo clashes of the early years of Peru's republican history. Among those enemies were powerful characters such as
1707:
in 1829, and continued his functions after the establishment of the Confederation in 1836. After the state's dissolution, he remained as the representative to Peru, signing a border treaty in 1841.
1685:, Argentina declared war on the Confederation on May 19, 1837. After the war ended, Argentina negotiated with the new Bolivian state over the territories, and Tarija ultimately remained in Bolivia.
1561:
1446:
The senators had to be appointed by the Protector from among those proposed by the Electoral Colleges of each department. Their functions were similar to those of the censors mentioned in the
1228:
control of seven different presidents at one time: Santa Cruz, who was the Supreme Protector; Gamara, the restorationist president; Orbegoso, leader of the secessionist North Peruvian state;
1825:'s disapproval of the continuation of the war. Then chargé d'affaires Belford Hinton Wilson made demands to guarantee the safety of British goods in Lima, which were later moved to Callao.
1575:
1570:
1536:
1556:
1892:: Spain did not have diplomatic relations with the confederation, because it had not recognized either Peru or Bolivia, largely due to the skirmishes caused by the wars of independence.
1631:
1611:
1606:
1546:
2958:
1626:
1251:
on January 20, 1839, and thus, the Confederation was dissolved, with Gamarra announcing its dissolution on August 25. The Confederate defeat led to the exile of Santa Cruz, first to
3045:
1580:
1590:
1551:
1636:
1616:
1477:
1621:
1423:
1419:
1204:
1035:
532:
256:
1453:
The representatives had to be chosen by the General Congress of the confederation, from among those proposed by the Electoral Colleges of each of the confederate republics.
1996:
He declared secession of the North-Peruvian Republic from the Peru-Bolivian Confederation on July 30, 1838, but continued as Provisional President until September 1, 1838.
988:
approved the declaration of war on December 26, 1836, claiming that Santa Cruz's rule over Peru was illegitimate, and that his influence threatened the integrity of other
1807:
has cordial relations with Andrés de Santa Cruz. The French government has given Andrés de Santa Cruz asylum after his exile after the dissolution of the confederation.
635:
to send his troops through the Peruvian border. After the latter's triumph in 1836, assemblies were soon established to make way for the creation of the Confederation.
3060:
1907:
1645:
1821:: The British government acted as guarantor of the Treaty of Paucarpata of 1837. When the treaty was annulled, the Consul General notified the Chilean government of
1524:
1299:
431:
153:
489:
2714:
Méndez Gastelumendi, Cecilia (2002). "El poder del nombre, o la construcción de identidades étnicas y nacionales en el Perú: Mito e historia de los iquichanos".
3055:
2845:
70:
655:(Bolivia). Immediately, the representatives of the three states promised to celebrate the union pact of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation as soon as possible.
2369:
1247:
Santa Cruz occupied Lima on November 10, ending the siege in Callao, but left for the north, where the restaurateurs were located. He was defeated in the
58:
2990:
2097:
1678:
438:
2985:
2590:
Exposição dos trabalhos historicos geographicos e hydrographicos que serviram de base a carta geral do imperio exhibida na exposição nacional de 1875
1022:, leading to preparations for the invasion of South Peru. Thus, the first "Restorative Expedition" left Valparaíso on September 15, 1837, landing in
3035:
1793:
in 1837 under Flores' influence. When the Confederation ceased to exist, its consulate in Guayaquil was transferred to the new Peruvian government.
725:
was officially established through the promulgation of its constitution by the then President Orbegoso, naming Santa Cruz—who triumphantly entered
1876:
1768:
524:. Both Chile and Argentina opposed the Confederation as a potential military and economic threat, and for its support for dissidents in exile.
3040:
2695:
2567:
1704:
856:
2538:
918:, he agreed on the project that should be discussed and approved in Tacna. Then, in the first days of April, he went down to Tacna again.
367:
992:
nations, as seen by Orbegoso's support for the attempted invasion of Chile by Freire, specifically pointing out the attempt on Portales.
1949:
1718:
1752:
1585:
2744:
2522:
2082:
1346:
1210:
2995:
2838:
2794:
1763:, presented a neutral position despite repeated attempts by Chile to get Ecuador to join the conflict, offering instead to act as a
976:
worsened as a result of the establishment of the Confederation. A tariff war soon began between both states, and Orbegoso supported
1889:
1601:
3000:
2047:
587:
326:
2948:
340:
3065:
2295:
1910:
to the new state. After the country's dissolution in 1839, the U.S. did not recognize Bolivia as a separate state until 1848.
1482:
1224:
During this time, the Confederation's stability collapsed, as by September, Peru (i.e. North and South Peru) was under the
851:
1836:
1214:
1110:
914:
the following day. There, together with the Bolivian plenipotentiaries Aguirre and Buitrago, and Bolivian Vice President
2831:
1858:
714:
643:
Two constituent congresses were established in each of the three founding states of the confederation, in the cities of
1439:
having to deal exclusively with the matters imposed by it. All this made him a kind of caricature of legislative power.
1356:
1229:
809:
1447:
586:. The idea of uniting both countries was the general idea of several influential political leaders in Peru—including
1213:
from the Confederation on July 30, but was nevertheless attacked and defeated by the United Restoration Army in the
1069:
1779:
were eager to join Chile in its war effort. Santa Cruz's government favoured Ecuador by sending subversive leaders
423:
1872:
835:
1984:
1390:
1313:
1128:
1039:
702:
624:
2649:"UNA GUÍA PARA LA HISTORIA DE LAS RELACIONES DE RECONOCIMIENTO, DIPLOMÁTICAS Y CONSULARES DE LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS"
2377:
830:
804:
690:
on August 24. The assembly also created the country's flag and currency. Fines were put in place to prevent the
602:
3050:
3015:
3010:
3005:
2953:
2862:
2854:
1938:
1818:
1735:
1541:
1101:
1054:
1031:
947:
822:
620:
561:
547:
frames the confederation as part of a period of "determination of the nationalities" in western South America.
540:
513:
501:
485:
427:
628:
2709:. Centro de Estudios Regionales Andinos "Bartolomé de Las Casas" & Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos.
607:
2017:
1854:
1780:
1700:
1674:
1241:
1193:
1180:
1092:
817:
632:
571:
521:
505:
455:
198:
98:
2021:
1789:. Ecuador had signed a treaty with the three member states of the Confederation, which was annulled by the
516:—made up of Peruvian and Bolivian opponents of the Confederation, as well as the governments and armies of
2763:
1512:
1500:
1050:
718:
1906:: The Confederation was recognized by the U.S. on March 16, 1837, and James B. Thornton was appointed as
3030:
3025:
3020:
2736:
2102:
1731:
1218:
915:
710:
517:
734:
739:
591:
2925:
2870:
1760:
1739:
1399:
1233:
1046:
1000:
463:
921:
On April 18, 1837, the Tacna Congress was inaugurated, with the presence of the nine delegates. The
2936:
2915:
2905:
2890:
1840:
1790:
1776:
1263:
667:
663:
596:
270:
169:
567:
2920:
2895:
2875:
2687:
2287:
2121:
1756:
353:
1980:
1119:
958:
613:
493:
2900:
2880:
2740:
2719:
2691:
2594:
2563:
2518:
2291:
1682:
996:
985:
962:
459:
419:
179:
2885:
2111:
2100:[The presence of the Restoring Army in Peru (1837-1839), a historiographic vacuum].
2055:
2029:
1804:
1696:
1279:
1259:
1248:
1011:. The accusations ended up being true, as Santa Cruz had financially supported the émigrés.
926:
771:
754:
746:
679:
671:
662:
was established on March 16, 1836, and closed on March 22. It featured representatives from
659:
536:
395:
243:
130:
2733:
The Plebeian Republic: The Huanta Rebellion and the Making of the Peruvian State, 1820–1850
1464:
would be constituted on the basis of the Supreme Courts of the three Confederate Republics.
2910:
2022:"Decreto del 28 de Octubre de 1836 (Establecimiento de la Confederación Perú - Boliviana)"
1879:
did not have establish relations with Andrés de Santa Cruz due to political circumstances.
1023:
1008:
706:
698:
675:
2514:
La historia oculta: La lucha del pueblo argentino por su independencia del imperio inglés
1007:
on the Confederation on May 19, 1837, accusing Santa Cruz of harboring supporters of the
977:
17:
1857:: When pressed by Chilean minister Ventura Lavalle to join the conflict, then president
1822:
1468:
In addition to the above, the constitution also defined the flag of the confederation.
981:
899:
750:
2557:
2979:
2679:
2125:
2098:"La presencia del Ejército restaurador en Perú (1837-1839), un vacío historiográfico"
1943:
1903:
1784:
1427:
1237:
1058:
1015:
989:
973:
544:
509:
475:
470:
407:
403:
288:
166:
2116:
1925:
934:
691:
292:
2512:
2076:
1952:– another federal state on the American continent that underwent a similar fate.
652:
1783:
and Juan Otamendi to Jauja, as well as interning subversive Ecuadorians to the
686:
as an independent state through a decree, and a Supreme Court was installed in
1862:
recommended that he accept the Ecuadorian mediation so that the war could end.
1367:
1323:
1004:
951:
722:
683:
583:
528:
447:
415:
411:
148:
143:
2809:
2796:
2723:
2598:
1721:: Morazán and Andrés de Santa Cruz never met, due to political circumstances.
1772:
1764:
1252:
437:
The geographical limits of the Confederation varied over time, with Bolivia
2823:
1045:
On November 17, after the Chileans were surrounded by Peruvian troops, the
2781:
995:
A territorial dispute between Argentina and Bolivia over the territory of
441:
the disputed territories in northern Argentina in 1838. It also possessed
1169:
1027:
1019:
443:
172:
2648:
1921:
1738:
in South Peru, through which relations were reestablished via the 1837
1650:
1291:
1189:
1147:
783:
648:
579:
451:
2588:
2081:(in Spanish). Vol. 9: Confederación Perú-Boliviana (1835-1839).
969:
911:
907:
644:
111:
Map of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation (including territorial claims)
933:) was signed without debate during the congress. It established the
701:
lasted from August 3 to 24, 1836, and featured representatives from
1255:, in Ecuador, then to Chile, and finally to Europe, where he died.
535:
was ultimately defeated by the United Restoration Army in the 1839
469:
Although its institutional creation arose on May 1, 1837, with the
1928:
and Andrés de Santa Cruz never met due to political circumstances.
1481:
1068:
903:
879:
787:
779:
687:
120:
2756:
Andrés de Santa cruz y la Confederación Perú-Boliviana, 1835-1839
1137:
726:
575:
570:
postulated the idea of creating a great nation, coinciding with
2827:
1987:
later declared the confederation dissolved on October 26, 1839.
1983:
first declared the Confederation dissolved on August 25, while
1262:
kept fighting against the new Peruvian government, being also
484:
establishment dated from October 28, 1836—with the end of the
999:
escalated, as Bolivia occupied and annexed the territory and
2048:"Ley Fundamental de la Confederación Perú-Boliviana (1837)"
1217:
of August 21. Meanwhile, Confederate troops in Callao were
1156: Controlled by the United Restoration Army during the
757:
and a rosary with his medal, blessed by the Pope himself.
2494:
2492:
2416:
2414:
2389:
2387:
2214:
2212:
619:
After political instability and a coup d'état in 1835, a
2467:
2465:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2229:
2227:
1258:
After the Confederation was defeated, loyalists such as
1232:, who replaced Orbegoso, being appointed by Santa Cruz;
2672:
Los Reinos del Perú: apuntes sobre la monarquía peruana
2163:
2161:
2159:
527:
Argentina and Bolivia reached an agreement after their
884:
Pedro Buitrago, lawyer and member of the Supreme Court
582:
in a single country, the latter colloquially known as
1061:
was organized, which left for Peru on July 19, 1838.
790:, which employed both South Peruvians and Bolivians.
782:
to establish the foundations of the confederation. A
1843:
has diplomatic relations with both Peru and Bolivia.
730:
maintained the national symbols of its predecessor.
2934:
2861:
753:honored him. He also received a communication from
284:
267:
253:
240:
230:
220:
208:
192:
178:
162:
136:
126:
116:
34:
2562:(in Portuguese). Brasilia: FUNAG. pp. 23–24.
1284:Ley fundamental de la Confederación Perú-Boliviana
1276:Fundamental law of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation
733:In the case of Bolivia, a special session of the
2370:"La anexión e incorporación de Tarija a Bolivia"
623:broke out between newly self-declared president
27:State in western South America from 1836 to 1839
2707:De la guerra a la rebelión: (Huanta, siglo XIX)
2559:Um diplomata do Império: Barão da Ponte Ribeiro
1767:. Despite this, according to J.P. Roldán, then
1478:Subdivisions of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation
864:Pedro José Flórez, lawyer and judge of Ayacucho
406:between 1836 and 1839. The country was a loose
1205:Dissolution of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation
968:The rivalry that existed between the ports of
898:on February 9, but instead of disembarking in
3046:States and territories disestablished in 1839
2839:
2075:Ortiz de Zevallos Paz-Soldán, Carlos (1972).
39:
8:
2960:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
2083:Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores del Perú
1418:depended on him, as well as all diplomatic,
1158:
922:
418:—states that arose from the division of the
454:, all under the supreme command of Marshal
2846:
2832:
2824:
402:) was a short-lived state that existed in
194:• 28 October 1836 – 20 February 1839
105:
31:
2758:. Biblioteca del Bicentenario de Bolivia.
2115:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2718:. Instituto de Estudios Peruanos (IEP).
2284:Enciclopedia ilustrada del Perú: CAN-CHO
1179: Disputed between Peru-Bolivia and
965:, who at the time were exiled in Chile.
827:, lawyer and member of the Supreme Court
3061:1839 disestablishments in South America
2635:
2623:
2611:
2593:(in Portuguese). Typographia Nacional.
2498:
2483:
2456:
2444:
2432:
2420:
2405:
2393:
2355:
2322:
2310:
2269:
2257:
2245:
2218:
2203:
2191:
2179:
2150:
2009:
1962:
1393:(September 17, 1837 – October 12, 1838)
1079:
125:
2731:Méndez Gastelumendi, Cecilia (2005a).
2556:Souza, José Antônio Soares de (2021).
2471:
2343:
2233:
2167:
2138:
2042:
2040:
1402:(October 12, 1838 – February 23, 1839)
566:At the beginning of the 19th century,
502:declared war against the Confederation
2368:Avila Echazú, Edgar (14 April 2011).
1120:Second Provisional Government of Peru
852:José Sebastián de Goyeneche y Barreda
266:
252:
239:
229:
219:
215:
191:
187:
177:
7:
3056:1836 establishments in South America
2768:Nuevo Compendio de Historia del Perú
2670:Altuve-Febres Lores, Fernán (1996).
1102:First Provisional Government of Peru
486:war between Salaverry and Santa Cruz
1950:Federal Republic of Central America
1705:Brazilian chargé d'affaires to Peru
1359:(August 1, 1838 – January 24, 1839)
682:. On April 10, Orbegoso recognized
2684:Historia de la República del Perú
2096:Serrano del Pozo, Gonzalo (2021).
1287:
25:
2991:Former countries in South America
2587:da Ponte Ribeiro, Duarte (1876).
2288:Empresa Editora El Comercio S. A.
1486:De jure map of the Confederation.
1349:(August 21, 1837 – July 30, 1838)
1129:Provisional Government of Bolivia
878:José María Mendizábal, bishop of
631:, who allowed Bolivian president
488:—until August 25, 1839, with its
2517:(in Spanish). Editorial Biblos.
2282:Tauro del Pino, Alberto (2001).
1914:
1896:
1883:
1877:José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia
1866:
1847:
1829:
1811:
1797:
1746:
1725:
1711:
1689:
1667:
1518:
1506:
1494:
887:Miguel María de Aguirre, colonel
588:Francisco Xavier de Luna Pizarro
450:indigenous territories, such as
372:
358:
333:
319:
69:
57:
3036:1830s establishments in Bolivia
2782:List of Peruvian heads of state
2117:10.4067/S0719-12432021000100095
2754:Parkerson, Phillip T. (2009).
1030:on October 12, establishing a
942:Political instability and wars
508:headed by himself and Chilean
458:, who assumed the position of
1:
2653:Embajada de EE.UU. en Bolivia
1448:Lifetime Constitution of 1826
1400:Juan Pío de Tristán y Moscoso
1373:Republic of the South of Peru
1329:Republic of the North of Peru
1173:borders after the dissolution
1014:Portales was assassinated in
980:'s failed expedition against
627:and constitutional president
222:• Established by decree
3041:1830s establishments in Peru
2543:Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão
1859:Francisco de Paula Santander
1018:after a mutiny broke out in
400:Confederación Perú-Boliviana
41:Confederación Perú-Boliviana
2986:Peru–Bolivian Confederation
2078:Archivo diplomático peruano
1236:, president of South Peru;
1076:Dissolution of Peru-Bolivia
439:occupying and incorporating
392:Peru–Bolivian Confederation
36:Peru–Bolivian Confederation
3082:
1681:the disputed territory of
1475:
1426:appointments. He was also
1215:Battle of Portada de Guías
1202:
1111:Northern Peruvian Republic
945:
831:Francisco Quirós y Ampudia
805:Tomás Diéguez de Florencia
603:Manuel Lorenzo de Vidaurre
559:
539:, which put an end to the
2855:History of South America
1436:General Legislative Power
910:on March 10, arriving in
867:Juan José Larrea, colonel
778:) was ordered to meet in
692:(now North) Peruvian flag
625:Felipe Santiago Salaverry
574:, who thought of uniting
422:due to the civil wars of
410:made up of three states:
298:
280:
216:
204:
188:
104:
93:
83:
53:
48:
18:Peru-Bolivian Confederacy
2996:War of the Confederation
2705:Husson, Patrick (1992).
1939:War of the Confederation
1472:Administrative divisions
1288:signed on April 18, 1837
1091: Controlled by the
948:War of the Confederation
562:Salaverry-Santa Cruz War
541:War of the Confederation
514:Restoration Army of Peru
3001:19th century in Bolivia
2680:Basadre Grohmann, Jorge
2511:Gullo, Marcelo (2013).
1701:Duarte da Ponte Ribeiro
1529:Special administration
1415:Central Executive Power
1377:South-Peruvian Republic
1333:North-Peruvian Republic
1270:Government and politics
1242:Juan Francisco de Vidal
1188: Disputed between
1093:United Restoration Army
1053:under the guarantee of
506:United Restoration Army
271:Capitulation of Iquicha
127:Official languages
99:National Anthem of Peru
1985:José Miguel de Velasco
1946:– Bolívar's Federation
1487:
1391:Ramón Herrera y Rodado
1357:José de la Riva Agüero
1314:José Miguel de Velasco
1283:
1230:José de la Riva Agüero
1209:Around the same time,
1200:
1051:Manuel Blanco Encalada
1040:Juan Fernández Islands
930:
818:Manuel Tellería Vicuña
775:
492:proclaimed by General
462:in 1836, while he was
399:
40:
3066:1837 in South America
2737:Duke University Press
2103:Cuadernos de Historia
1703:was appointed as the
1699:: Brazilian diplomat
1485:
1072:
916:Mariano Enrique Calvo
629:Luis José de Orbegoso
232:• Pact of Tacna
137:Constituent countries
2764:Tamayo Herrera, José
2716:Documento de Trabajo
2286:(in Spanish). Lima:
1875:: the government of
1839:: The Government of
1761:president of Ecuador
1740:Treaty of Paucarpata
1679:occupied and annexed
1240:, in the north; and
1047:Treaty of Paucarpata
1001:Juan Manuel de Rosas
861:, bishop of Arequipa
814:, bishop of Trujillo
633:Andrés de Santa Cruz
572:Andrés de Santa Cruz
464:president of Bolivia
456:Andrés de Santa Cruz
199:Andrés de Santa Cruz
2806: /
2376:(1). Archived from
2020:(28 October 1836).
1791:Ecuadorian Congress
1034:on October 17. The
786:was also opened in
504:, supported by the
2786:WorldStatesmen.org
2770:. Editorial Lumen.
2626:, p. 136–137.
2614:, p. 133–134.
2325:, p. 129–131.
2313:, p. 128–129.
2290:pp. 544–545.
2272:, p. 124–125.
2248:, p. 121–122.
2206:, p. 119–121.
2018:Santa-Cruz, Andrés
1803:: The French King
1757:Vicente Rocafuerte
1488:
1266:in November 1839.
1221:by the same army.
1211:North Peru seceded
1201:
1085: Peru-Bolivia
694:from being flown.
88:Firme por la Unión
2969:
2968:
2941:other territories
2697:978-612-306-353-5
2569:978-65-87083-78-0
2153:, p. 93–115.
1908:chargé d'affaires
1781:José María Urvina
1661:Foreign relations
1658:
1657:
1397:Second President:
1353:Second President:
1274:According to the
986:Congress of Chile
776:Congreso de Tacna
768:Congress of Tacna
749:, with which the
735:Tapacarí Congress
651:(South-Peru) and
460:Supreme Protector
420:Peruvian Republic
388:
387:
384:
383:
380:
379:
346:
345:
180:Supreme Protector
16:(Redirected from
3073:
2961:
2949:Falkland Islands
2863:Sovereign states
2848:
2841:
2834:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2811:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2799:
2771:
2759:
2750:
2727:
2710:
2701:
2675:
2657:
2656:
2655:. 21 March 2021.
2645:
2639:
2633:
2627:
2621:
2615:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2508:
2502:
2496:
2487:
2481:
2475:
2469:
2460:
2454:
2448:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2424:
2418:
2409:
2403:
2397:
2391:
2382:
2381:
2380:on 16 June 2020.
2365:
2359:
2353:
2347:
2341:
2326:
2320:
2314:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2279:
2273:
2267:
2261:
2255:
2249:
2243:
2237:
2231:
2222:
2216:
2207:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2165:
2154:
2148:
2142:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2119:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2072:
2061:
2060:
2056:Congress of Peru
2052:
2044:
2035:
2034:
2030:Congress of Peru
2026:
2014:
1997:
1994:
1988:
1978:
1972:
1967:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1841:José Justo Corro
1835:
1833:
1832:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1805:Louis Philippe I
1802:
1801:
1800:
1777:Juan José Flores
1775:, supporters of
1751:
1750:
1749:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1695:
1693:
1692:
1677:: after Bolivia
1673:
1671:
1670:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1490:
1489:
1387:First President:
1343:First President:
1260:Antonio Huachaca
1249:Battle of Yungay
1187:
1178:
1166:
1155:
1145:
1135:
1126:
1117:
1108:
1099:
1090:
1084:
1042:on November 14.
1036:Confederate Navy
1032:local government
1026:, and occupying
860:
839:
826:
813:
755:Pope Gregory XVI
747:Legion of Honour
743:
721:. On August 11,
660:Sicuani Assembly
611:
600:
592:José María Pando
537:Battle of Yungay
533:Confederate Army
479:
430:—as well as the
376:
375:
362:
361:
350:
349:
337:
336:
323:
322:
316:
315:
300:
299:
276:15 November 1839
244:Battle of Yungay
109:
73:
61:
43:
32:
21:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3070:
3051:Pan-Americanism
3016:1839 in Bolivia
3011:1838 in Bolivia
3006:1836 in Bolivia
2976:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2959:
2942:
2940:
2930:
2857:
2852:
2814:
2812:
2808:
2805:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2778:
2762:
2753:
2747:
2730:
2713:
2704:
2698:
2686:. Vol. 2.
2678:
2669:
2666:
2661:
2660:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2634:
2630:
2622:
2618:
2610:
2606:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2570:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2525:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2497:
2490:
2482:
2478:
2470:
2463:
2455:
2451:
2443:
2439:
2431:
2427:
2419:
2412:
2404:
2400:
2392:
2385:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2354:
2350:
2342:
2329:
2321:
2317:
2309:
2305:
2298:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2268:
2264:
2256:
2252:
2244:
2240:
2232:
2225:
2217:
2210:
2202:
2198:
2190:
2186:
2178:
2174:
2166:
2157:
2149:
2145:
2137:
2133:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2074:
2073:
2064:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2038:
2024:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1981:Agustín Gamarra
1979:
1975:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1935:
1915:
1913:
1897:
1895:
1884:
1882:
1867:
1865:
1848:
1846:
1830:
1828:
1812:
1810:
1798:
1796:
1747:
1745:
1726:
1724:
1719:Central America
1712:
1710:
1690:
1688:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1519:
1517:
1507:
1505:
1495:
1493:
1480:
1474:
1371:(also known as
1327:(also known as
1272:
1207:
1199:
1196:
1185:
1183:
1176:
1174:
1164:
1162:
1153:
1151:
1143:
1141:
1133:
1131:
1124:
1122:
1115:
1113:
1106:
1104:
1097:
1095:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1067:
1009:Unitarian Party
959:Agustín Gamarra
954:
946:Main articles:
944:
935:legal framework
854:
833:
820:
807:
763:
737:
699:Huaura Assembly
641:
614:Agustín Gamarra
605:
594:
564:
558:
553:
529:war over Tarija
496:, the Peruvian
494:Agustín Gamarra
473:
373:
359:
334:
320:
273:
260:
249:20 January 1839
246:
233:
226:28 October 1836
223:
195:
158:
112:
79:
78:
77:
74:
66:
65:
62:
44:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3079:
3077:
3069:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2978:
2977:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2956:
2951:
2945:
2943:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2867:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2843:
2836:
2828:
2790:
2789:
2777:
2776:External links
2774:
2773:
2772:
2760:
2751:
2746:978-0822334415
2745:
2728:
2711:
2702:
2696:
2676:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2640:
2638:, p. 134.
2628:
2616:
2604:
2579:
2568:
2548:
2530:
2524:978-9876912969
2523:
2503:
2501:, p. 145.
2488:
2486:, p. 142.
2476:
2474:, p. 256.
2461:
2459:, p. 139.
2449:
2447:, p. 138.
2437:
2435:, p. 136.
2425:
2423:, p. 137.
2410:
2408:, p. 135.
2398:
2396:, p. 133.
2383:
2360:
2358:, p. 131.
2348:
2346:, p. 255.
2327:
2315:
2303:
2296:
2274:
2262:
2260:, p. 122.
2250:
2238:
2236:, p. 254.
2223:
2221:, p. 121.
2208:
2196:
2194:, p. 119.
2184:
2182:, p. 118.
2172:
2170:, p. 253.
2155:
2143:
2141:, p. 252.
2131:
2110:(54): 95–117.
2106:(in Spanish).
2088:
2062:
2036:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1989:
1973:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1911:
1893:
1880:
1863:
1844:
1826:
1823:Queen Victoria
1808:
1794:
1743:
1736:naval invasion
1722:
1708:
1686:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1653:
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1531:
1530:
1527:
1515:
1503:
1476:Main article:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1462:Judicial Power
1457:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1441:
1440:
1432:
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1404:
1403:
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1318:
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1304:
1303:
1271:
1268:
1234:Pío de Tristán
1203:Main article:
1198:
1197:
1184:
1175:
1163:
1152:
1142:
1132:
1123:
1114:
1105:
1096:
1087:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1066:
1063:
1049:was signed by
990:South American
982:Diego Portales
963:Ramón Castilla
943:
940:
931:Pacto de Tacna
891:
890:
889:
888:
885:
882:
870:
869:
868:
865:
862:
843:
842:
841:
828:
815:
784:customs office
762:
759:
751:King of France
647:(North Peru),
640:
637:
557:
554:
552:
549:
512:—formerly the
500:president who
498:restorationist
432:Bolivian State
386:
385:
382:
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263:25 August 1839
261:
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46:
45:
38:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3078:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2974:
2972:
2962:
2957:
2955:
2954:French Guiana
2952:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2938:
2933:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
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2856:
2849:
2844:
2842:
2837:
2835:
2830:
2829:
2826:
2822:
2819:
2810:13.4°S 68.9°W
2787:
2783:
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2779:
2775:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2752:
2748:
2742:
2738:
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2105:
2104:
2099:
2092:
2089:
2084:
2080:
2079:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2059:. 1 May 1837.
2058:
2057:
2049:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2031:
2023:
2019:
2013:
2010:
2003:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1966:
1963:
1956:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1944:Gran Colombia
1942:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1904:United States
1894:
1891:
1881:
1878:
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1864:
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1819:Great Britain
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1428:Generalissimo
1425:
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2937:Dependencies
2815:-13.4; -68.9
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2636:Basadre 2014
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2378:the original
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2012:
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1926:Manuel Oribe
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1244:in Huaylas.
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1005:declared war
994:
978:Ramón Freire
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543:. Historian
526:
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442:
436:
428:1835 to 1836
391:
389:
309:Succeeded by
308:
303:
293:Bolivian sol
170:presidential
167:Confederated
94:
87:
85:Motto:
84:
29:
2813: /
2688:El Comercio
2472:Tamayo 1985
2344:Tamayo 1985
2234:Tamayo 1985
2168:Tamayo 1985
2139:Tamayo 1985
1855:New Granada
1651:Carhuaucran
1562:La Libertad
1159:restoration
1065:Dissolution
855: [
834: [
821: [
808: [
738: [
703:La Libertad
606: [
595: [
490:dissolution
474: [
304:Preceded by
257:Dissolution
2980:Categories
2297:9972401499
2004:References
1632:Santa Cruz
1612:Chuquisaca
1607:Cochabamba
1513:South Peru
1501:North Peru
1368:South Peru
1324:North Peru
1310:President:
1146: New
1136: New
1016:Valparaíso
974:Valparaíso
952:Tarija War
847:South Peru
800:North Peru
723:North Peru
684:South Peru
584:Upper Peru
560:See also:
556:Background
531:, and the
448:autonomous
416:South Peru
412:North Peru
236:1 May 1837
163:Government
149:South Peru
144:North Peru
2926:Venezuela
2871:Argentina
2724:1022-0356
2599:637997136
2374:Tarija200
2126:238047546
1970:De facto.
1773:Guayaquil
1675:Argentina
1253:Guayaquil
1194:Argentina
1181:Argentina
840:, colonel
621:civil war
522:Argentina
259:declared
49:1836–1839
2916:Suriname
2906:Paraguay
2891:Colombia
2766:(1985).
2682:(2014).
1933:See also
1873:Paraguay
1765:mediator
1576:Ayacucho
1571:Arequipa
1537:Amazonas
1420:military
1389:General
1355:General
1345:General
1312:General
1264:defeated
1219:besieged
1170:De facto
1148:Bolivian
1138:Peruvian
1028:Arequipa
1020:Quillota
880:La Plata
668:Arequipa
664:Ayacucho
653:Tapacarí
482:de facto
444:de facto
285:Currency
173:republic
2921:Uruguay
2896:Ecuador
2876:Bolivia
2801:68°54′W
2798:13°24′S
1922:Uruguay
1759:, then
1753:Ecuador
1602:Atacama
1586:Litoral
1547:Huaylas
1525:Bolivia
1300:Bolivia
1292:Bolivia
1280:Spanish
1226:de jure
1190:Bolivia
927:Spanish
874:Bolivia
772:Spanish
711:Huaylas
649:Sicuani
639:Prelude
580:Bolivia
551:History
452:Iquicha
396:Spanish
368:Bolivia
341:Bolivia
269:•
255:•
242:•
209:History
154:Bolivia
131:Spanish
117:Capital
95:Anthem:
2901:Guyana
2881:Brazil
2743:
2722:
2694:
2597:
2566:
2539:"Peru"
2521:
2294:
2124:
1919:
1901:
1852:
1837:Mexico
1834:
1816:
1786:Sierra
1769:Consul
1716:
1697:Brazil
1694:
1683:Tarija
1672:
1637:Tarija
1627:Potosí
1617:La Paz
1542:Callao
1186:
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1024:Quilca
997:Tarija
984:. The
970:Callao
912:La Paz
908:Viacha
715:Maynas
645:Huaura
480:, its
212:
184:
97:
76:Emblem
2886:Chile
2122:S2CID
2051:(PDF)
2025:(PDF)
1957:Notes
1890:Spain
1732:Chile
1646:Arica
1622:Oruro
1581:Cuzco
1557:Junín
1424:naval
1375:, or
1331:, or
1150:State
1140:State
1003:then
904:Arica
900:Islay
896:Flora
859:]
838:]
825:]
812:]
788:Arica
780:Tacna
742:]
719:Junín
688:Cuzco
680:Tacna
672:Cuzco
610:]
599:]
518:Chile
478:]
121:Tacna
2911:Peru
2741:ISBN
2720:ISSN
2692:ISBN
2595:OCLC
2564:ISBN
2519:ISBN
2292:ISBN
1591:Puno
1552:Lima
1460:The
1434:The
1422:and
1413:The
1192:and
972:and
961:and
950:and
727:Lima
717:and
707:Lima
697:The
678:and
676:Puno
658:The
578:and
576:Peru
520:and
426:and
424:1834
414:and
390:The
354:Peru
327:Peru
64:Flag
2939:and
2784:at
2112:doi
1771:in
2982::
2739:.
2735:.
2690:.
2651:.
2572:.
2541:.
2491:^
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2330:^
2226:^
2211:^
2158:^
2120:.
2108:54
2065:^
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2039:^
2027:.
1924::
1755::
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1286:)
1282::
929::
857:es
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