121:
inadvertently wander inside the perimeter, making them more susceptible to dog bites/attacks. This type of containment is also not maintenance free; this system can only operate if the batteries in the animal's collar are properly working. Finally underground fencing is not effectively accepted by every animal. Some pets become too afraid to wander into their yards out of fear of being shocked. If a pet is afraid to leave the yard it is usually a training issue. In August 2018 the
120:
Underground fences cannot exclude other animals from the predetermined boundary. A dog contained within an underground fence can still fall prey to a larger dog or coyote, or even a person looking to harass or steal animals. This type of fencing does not have a warning mechanism to humans who might
108:
signals to determine proximity to a predetermined "virtual fence", without the need for any physical installation at all. This system allows some additional flexibility, such as simpler inclusion of "islands" within the containment area, and easier changes to the boundary, although location of the
37:
The pet fence was created in 1973 by
Richard Peck. Peck was a traveling salesman and through his travels, he saw enough dogs hit by cars that it led to him creating the pet fence system. In 1976, salesman John Purtell bought the rights to the pet fence and rebranded it as "Invisible Fence" which
128:
Electronic fences may not prevent dog bite incidents because children or other persons may still be able to approach dogs or other animals that are confined by such a fence, and the fence may cause the behavior of a confined animal to appear better than it actually is. Also, an electronic fence
137:
Underground fences can be used on terrains or properties where it is not possible to traditionally fence. Modern systems are also suitable for cats and each year hundreds of thousands of cats go missing and are either killed or injured on the road. The underground fence can be used to secure
28:
or other domestic animal within a set of predefined boundaries without the use of a physical barrier. A mild electric shock is delivered by an electronic collar if its warning sound is ignored. The system was first invented and patented by
Richard Peck in 1973.
59:, or a combination of signals that causes the animal to adapt its behavior and remain within the boundary. Only animals that wear equipment that captures the system's signals are affected by the defined boundaries of the system.
54:
that emits a sensory cue, such as a warning sound, when the pet nears the boundary. If the warning is ignored and the pet crosses beyond the boundary of the fence, the pet receives an additional signal, such as a mild
112:
In addition, some collars have multiple settings, allowing owners to have a collar emit a tone only, or one of several levels of static shock, with higher levels used to contain bigger, stronger dogs.
330:
62:
Although called "fences", these fence less boundary systems are more accurately termed electronic pet containment systems. Similar containment systems may be to contain
97:
Other pet fences are wireless. Rather than using an underground wire, they emit a radio signal from a central unit, and activate when the pet travels beyond a certain
94:
on the pet receives these signals. When the pet approaches the buried fence line, the collar makes a warning sound and then gives the pet a harmless electric shock.
145:
study that looked at the use of cat containment using electronic fences found "no evidence of long-term welfare problems with electronic containment of cats".
138:
driveways and open areas. Since the innovation of new training protocols for cats the underground fence has become a viable option for cat owners as well.
50:
A typical invisible fence transmits a radio signal that takes the geometric shape of the area that is enclosed by the system. The pet wears a lightweight
225:
125:
announced that all containment fences should be professionally installed to ensure the safety and security of both cats and dogs.
122:
257:
183:
335:
86:
is an electronic system to prevent pets from leaving a yard. A buried wire around the containment area emits a
325:
38:
offered a different option for pet owners in terms of pet containment. In 1990, Invisible Fence Co became
142:
212:
67:
39:
248:
Your healthy pet : a practical guide to choosing and raising happier, healthier dogs and cats
253:
221:
340:
246:
154:
56:
319:
129:
becomes ineffective if an animal crosses a boundary while in a state of excitement.
159:
91:
295:
71:
296:"No evidence of long-term welfare problems with electronic containment of cats"
87:
51:
274:
63:
275:"DOG BITE LAW - Electronic Pet Containment and Liability for Dog Bites"
98:
184:"Stay The Late Richard Peck's Invisible Fence Keeps Pets Confined"
105:
25:
220:. Aberdeen Scotland: Macaulay Institute. 2001. p. 86.
245:
109:boundary is not as precise due to GPS tolerances.
331:Buildings and structures used to confine animals
70:is not convenient or legal, such as on British
8:
239:
237:
90:signal to activate the receiver collar. A
24:is an electronic system designed to keep a
207:
205:
177:
175:
171:
7:
300:University of Lincoln Press Office
14:
104:In another type, the collar uses
273:Phillips, Kenneth (2006-12-05).
66:in circumstances where ordinary
1:
357:
214:Tracking animals with GPS
294:Lincoln, University of.
143:University of Lincoln
244:Marder, Amy (1994).
190:. Tribune Publishing
68:agricultural fencing
40:Invisible Fence Inc
123:British Government
22:fenceless boundary
84:underground fence
348:
310:
309:
307:
306:
291:
285:
284:
282:
281:
270:
264:
263:
252:. Rodale Press.
251:
241:
232:
231:
219:
209:
200:
199:
197:
195:
188:The Morning Call
179:
356:
355:
351:
350:
349:
347:
346:
345:
336:Animal training
316:
315:
314:
313:
304:
302:
293:
292:
288:
279:
277:
272:
271:
267:
260:
243:
242:
235:
228:
217:
211:
210:
203:
193:
191:
182:Whittman, Bob.
181:
180:
173:
168:
151:
135:
118:
101:from the unit.
80:
48:
35:
12:
11:
5:
354:
352:
344:
343:
338:
333:
328:
318:
317:
312:
311:
286:
265:
258:
233:
226:
201:
170:
169:
167:
164:
163:
162:
157:
155:Electric fence
150:
147:
134:
131:
117:
114:
79:
76:
57:electric shock
47:
44:
34:
31:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
353:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
326:Pet equipment
324:
323:
321:
301:
297:
290:
287:
276:
269:
266:
261:
255:
250:
249:
240:
238:
234:
229:
227:9780708406434
223:
216:
215:
208:
206:
202:
189:
185:
178:
176:
172:
165:
161:
158:
156:
153:
152:
148:
146:
144:
139:
132:
130:
126:
124:
115:
113:
110:
107:
102:
100:
95:
93:
89:
85:
77:
75:
73:
69:
65:
60:
58:
53:
45:
43:
41:
32:
30:
27:
23:
19:
303:. Retrieved
299:
289:
278:. Retrieved
268:
247:
213:
192:. Retrieved
187:
160:Shock collar
140:
136:
127:
119:
111:
103:
96:
92:shock collar
83:
81:
61:
49:
36:
21:
17:
15:
72:common land
320:Categories
305:2018-09-10
280:2010-10-24
259:0875961851
166:References
46:Technology
116:Downsides
64:livestock
18:pet fence
149:See also
78:Variants
194:13 July
141:A 2016
133:Upsides
33:History
341:Fences
256:
224:
99:radius
52:collar
218:(PDF)
88:radio
254:ISBN
222:ISBN
196:2015
106:GPS
82:An
26:pet
20:or
322::
298:.
236:^
204:^
186:.
174:^
74:.
42:.
16:A
308:.
283:.
262:.
230:.
198:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.