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Peter Monamy

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cousin, Daniel Le Febvre, is described as "guardian" of the children of Peter (Pierre) Monamy, deceased. Andrew Monamy is also named in Admiralty archival records as having served as boatswain in 1710 on a 20 gun privateer named "La Chasse", owned by a syndicate of Guernsey merchants. Later in the same year Andrew is recorded as lieutenant on another privateer owned by Daniel Lefebvre and Andrew Mesurier of Guernsey. The gunner on this vessel, named "The Revenge of the Flying Sloop", was an Andrew Clark.
789:], neither was he excell'd by many of the Ancients; but his Name and Character are too well known and establish'd among the Curious to need any artful Commendation to set them in greater Light to advance his Merit; neither can the warmest Praise add to his Fame when dead, who, in his Life, was the greatest Enemy to Adulation; and tho' some Notice is due to the Memory of so celebrated an Artist in Painting, yet his own Performances, which are extant in the World, will prove his most lasting Monument." 727: 744:, although Walpole added that "he had little reason to expect his fame", because of his training as an apprentice, and "the views of his family". Later art-historical comment, partly influenced by Walpole, but especially during the 20th century, has tended to disparagement. In some cases these later accounts of Monamy's career, including the entry written by Lionel Cust in the first edition of the 317: 469: 447:. A second painting of Winstanley's lighthouse, as well as one of Rudyard's, both by Monamy, are also known. During these years it may reasonably be conjectured that another daughter, Mary, would have been born to Peter and Hannah. There is no known record of her birth in London, but she later married Francis Swaine, on 26 June 1749, at Allhallows, London Wall. 95: 750:, 1885–1900, are wildly inaccurate. Although the entry for Monamy in E.H.H.Archibald's 1980 edition of his "Dictionary of Sea Painters" correctly gives Monamy's city of birth as London, it is otherwise riddled with a number of inexplicable errors. Notable among earlier inventive fabrications is an article which appeared in 510:
mentions that three of these paintings are signed, that they are executed "in a very cartographic manner", and "are of considerable historical interest". While establishing himself as London's pre-eminent marine painter, Monamy will have continued to undertake commissions as a house decorator. There
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mentions that Monamy served his apprenticeship on London Bridge, and that he exhibited his works in the window of his shop. There is no indication that Monamy worked for anyone other than his master, William Clark, and the very strong likelihood is that he succeeded to Clark's practice at his death,
179:, and his English wife, Dorothy Gilbert; and the grandson of André Monamy, 1612–1680, who had been a strongly committed Commonwealth Parliamentarian, and one of Guernsey's Governors, during the 1650s. Dorothy Gilbert, born 1660 in London, was the daughter of James Gilbert, who had been Master of the 772:
A tendency of later critics and art historians is to suppose that Monamy experienced little competition as a marine painter, following the death of the Younger van de Velde in 1707. The truth, however, is that there were several native rivals in the marine genre, including Isaac Sailmaker (after 70
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he lived some years latter part of his life at Westminster near the river side, for the conveniency in some measure of viewing the water & sky; though he made many excursions towards the coasts and seaports of England to improve himself from nature thus having run thro' his time being decayed
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his industry and understanding in the forms and buildings of shipping with all the tackles ropes & sails &c which he thoroughly understood made his paintings of greater value; besides his neatness and clean pencilling of sky and water by many was much esteemed, especially sea-faring people,
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From the above records, and subsequent comments, it can reasonably be surmised, as mentioned above, that Monamy set up in business on his own account, both as a decorator and easel painter, quite soon after being made free in 1704. He is repeatedly mentioned in later accounts as having owned a shop
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in 1670 and 1672. A marriage allegation, dated 22 October 1675, records the union of Peter Mon-Amy, of St Martin's in the Fields, and Dorothy Gilbert, of St Trinity in the Minory, with her father's consent, at All Hallowes in the Wall, London. Peter (Pierre) Mon-Amy's age is given as "abt 23", and
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and line, after Monamy's works, were produced in the years from about 1730 until just before his death in 1749. These continued to be reproduced and copied, in some quantity, until well into the 19th century. Those engravings executed during Monamy's lifetime are an excellent guide to the genuine
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The range of Monamy's painting œuvre is remarkably wide and varied, and it is apparent that in his prime he must have headed a considerable studio, and that a number of younger and older assistants would have participated in studio productions during his 45-year career. It is very possible that
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since at least the 1530s. The painter's father, Pierre, who appears to have died in about 1685, had a brother named André, or Andrew, who was active in London as a merchant trader in salt and wool, during the late 17th and early 18th centuries. In December, 1696, Andrew Monamy, together with his
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A further child, named Robert, is recorded as born to Peter and Hannah on 12 May 1720, and registered at St Saviour's, Southwark, Surrey. This suggests that Peter had returned to live on London Bridge, having previously had an interim London address in Red Lion Street. There is no further known
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points out that "a national art in the making was reinforced by a number of modern history paintings by Peter Monamy, of English naval victories". Two of these paintings (the Algerine Pirates and Sweet William's Farewell, both engraved by Paul Fourdrinier, who since about 1900 has also been
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Monamy, the marine painter, some of whose pictures were scarcely inferior to Vandevelde's, served his apprenticeship on London Bridge, and exhibited his works in the window of his shop, to the delight of the sons of Neptune, men and boys, who were seen in crowds gazing at his wondrous
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family of marine painters, an unsupported assumption which first appeared in about 1950. Since about that time, or a little earlier, there has been a flow of paintings entering the market, and now forming parts of otherwise reputable collections, which can only be described as
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years in England he can be counted a virtual Englishman); Francis Place; the Vale brothers, Humphrey and Robert; Thomas Baston; J.Boon; Robert Woodcock; and later J.Cook; Samuel Scott; Thomas Mellish; Thomas Allen; and others active during Monamy's final two decades.
714:, who became a highly regarded marine painter from about 1758 onwards, is explicitly referred to as "Old Swaine, pupil of Monamy", in a memoir of Admiral Sir George Young, who had taken part in the second Capture of Louisbourg, Nova Scotia, 1758. In Mark Noble's 633:
and infirm some years before his death, which happened at his house at Westminster the beginning of Feb 1748/9 leaving many paintings begun and unfinished, his works being done for dealers at moderate prices kept him but in indifferent circumstances to his end.
291:; and another Andrew, baptised on 11 August 1712, also at St Mary's. As there is no further record of these children it must be assumed that all three died young, or in infancy. In 1708 the baptismal register records the couple, or the mother, as living in the 765:, detectable as inauthentic when compared with works that have solid 18th century provenance. In spite of the progressive adulteration of the Monamy oeuvre, and before the 20th century, it was nevertheless still possible for Julian Marshall to quote, in his 638:
These "indifferent circumstances", which only apply to his last two or three years, have been over-stressed in many later accounts of Monamy's life. Well over a year after his death, on 26 July 1750, his studio possessions, pictures, prints, drawings,
603:, a London newspaper, of Tuesday, 20 May 1740, that the Prince of Wales and Princess Augusta had selected "the Picture representing the taking of Porto Bello" for particular inspection during a visit to the Gardens the previous evening. 428:(1723–1759), has left a record of his presence in Ireland; and William van der Hagen, another painter-decorator, and occasional marine painter, is also associated with the city of Cork. Another possibility is of a period of residence in 175:, on 12 January 1681 (new style). His name seems to be of French origin, and it is probable that he was of French descent. He was the last of the five known children, all born in London, of Pierre, or Peter, Monamy, born circa 1650 in 298:
On 6 October 1708, Monamy registered an apprentice, Henry Kirby, who was bound to him for seven years by indenture. Kirby was the son of Henry Kirby, citizen and gunmaker of London, and a member of the Company of Gunmakers.
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During the decade from 1730 to 1740 Monamy would have found that his practice became increasingly hard-pressed, as it met with the censure of groups of self-appointed arbiters of taste, and the importation of quantities of
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Monamy continued as the marine painter most esteemed by active serving seamen, even during his slow financial decline and loss of aristocratic patronage, and for many decades after his death. In 1749
550:, a pleasure resort for Londoners, as a show-place for native English paintings. Monamy supplied at least four prominently displayed naval scenes for the Gardens. These are now lost, but known from 280:. The child's death is registered on 7 May, and it must be assumed that her mother also died. On 9 January 1707 (new style), Peter Monamy is recorded as marrying Hannah Christopher, at Allhallows, 776:
As an indication of the esteem in which Monamy was held by a significant group of his fellow-Londoners, both as a person and as a practitioner of his craft, the following anonymous obituary, from
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At present it can only be conjectured what Monamy's whereabouts may have been during the years between about 1714 and 1720. It is not impossible, however, that he spent some time in
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During his final years a significant number of Monamy's paintings can be closely associated with the naval exploits of several English fleet officer members of the Durell family of
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On 17 April 1706, a daughter of Peter Monamy, painter, and Margaret, is recorded as baptised with the name of Margaret, at St Olave's, near London Bridge, on the south bank of the
718:, 1806, under the entry for Monamy, it is stated that "Swaine, of Stretton Ground, Westminster, his disciple, and bred under him, was an excellent painter of moon-light pieces." 227:, with a thriving business. House decoration comprised a wide range of activities, including the provision of paintings as overdoors and overmantels, and on panelling, house 812: 690:, and their eldest son, Peter Monamy Cornwall, was baptised on 20 January 1747, at St Margaret's, Westminster. Four months after Peter Monamy's death Mary Monamy married 486:
On taking up residence as a studio painter, in Westminster in the early 1720s, Monamy's practice to all appearances entered a new and prosperous phase. His standing as a
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A sailor … is a better judge of the principal circumstances which enter into the composition of a sea-piece, than the best painter in the world, who was never at sea.
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Three children were born to Peter and Hannah Monamy in rapid succession: Andrew, baptised on 15 December 1708, at St Botolph's; Hannah, baptised on 5 March 1710, at
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in the South Kensington National Art Library, 1895, that after completing his apprenticeship, Monamy had been "reckoned the finest painter of shipping in England."
655:, the sale lasting a full day. His house, which he must have moved into from Fish Yard some time after 1730, was described in the auctioneer's advertisement as " 579:
family of Guernsey, who were themselves linked by multiple marriage ties. In the period preceding Britain's crucial first bid for global naval supremacy, at
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Poor Rate Book, which lists "Peter Monyman" as living in Fish Yard, off St Margaret's Lane, from 1723 to 1729. Fish Yard was almost within the precincts of
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Monamy, Peter ( b London , Jan 12, 1681; d London , Feb 1, 1749 ). English painter. It seems likely that his family origins and name were French.
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of the Painter-Stainer's Company in 1726 was cemented by the donation to Painter's Hall of what was subsequently described by Thomas Pennant as "
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of April 1911, purporting to describe his life and work. Even this fantasy, however, does not suggest that Monamy was ever employed by the
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on canvas as well as decorative sign-boards for trade establishments. William Clark died before January, 1704, when his will was proved.
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Throughout the 18th century, and well into the 19th, Monamy was consistently described in all references as "famous", even by
1285: 342: 390: 338: 1305: 980: 915: 295:, near St Botolph's; and in 1712 in Red Lion Street, near St Mary's. The Minories was an area noted for its gunsmiths. 563:) appear to have been on display prior to the war with Spain, which began in 1739. A substantial number of prints, in 243: 1094:. Exhibition catalogue; St Barbe Museum and Art Gallery, Lymington, Hampshire, England, 13 August – 17 October 2009. 327: 39: 33: 854:"A Catalogue of engraved national portraits in the National Art Library / with a prefatory note by Julian Marshall" 604: 346: 331: 269:
and continued in the same business. This supposition is reinforced by the birth and baptism of his first child at
401:. A daughter, Anne, of Peter and Hannah Monamy, was baptised at St Margaret's, Westminster, on 3 September 1725. 424:, which are still owned by the club. Charles Brooking, father of the highly regarded marine painter, also named 50: 398: 699: 836: 752: 695: 164: 884:
Allegations for Marriage Licences issued by the Vicar-General of the Archbishop of Canterbury, 1669 to 1679
554:. In a review for the "Times Literary Supplement", 27 January 2012, of Coke and Borg's "Vauxhall Gardens", 858: 1225: 599:'s capture of Porto Bello, including a canvas for public display at Vauxhall Gardens. It was reported in 1107: 583:
in 1740, and during the mounting opposition to the appeasement policies and other political measures of
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The Monamy family had been prominent merchants and residents of Guernsey since the 1560s, and in the
726: 580: 224: 675:, 1761. However, it is clear that Monamy's two daughters, Mary and Ann, and more particularly his 1064: 592: 536: 452: 265: 595:
were among the most active and vociferous of his opponents. Monamy painted numerous versions of
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The First and Only Authoritative Account of the Life and Work of the Pictor Londini (website)
698:. Their second child, and only known son, was baptised Monamy Swaine on 27 February 1753, at 707: 547: 474: 440: 425: 417: 288: 208: 607:, 1707–1751, was at that time publicly heading the political opposition to Robert Walpole. 1190: 986: 620: 576: 540: 235: 188: 1255: 1092:
The Call of the Sea: Peter Monamy, Charles Brooking and the early British marine painters
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Monamy was made free of his apprenticeship on 1 March 1704 (new style), the same day as
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Dorothy Gilbert's age as "abt 18". Their actual ages appear to have been 25 and 15.
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Hogarth is credited with hitting upon the idea of using the re-opening in 1736 of
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Calendar of Treasury Papers, Volume 1: 1556–1696: Vol 42: 22–31 December 1696.
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for seven years by indenture to William Clark, a former (1687) Master of the
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Painters' Hall website, with Monamy's 1726 donation in the Livery Hall
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firmly attributable to him in a house in Old Burlington Street, near
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Henry Winstanley: Artist, Inventor and Lighthouse-builder, 1644–1703
420:. There are two notable paintings by Monamy depicting yachts of the 1153:, first published by the Walpole Society, 1929–1942 & 1948–1950 725: 676: 528: 467: 228: 204: 1235: 635:" Monamy was buried in St Margaret's Church on 7 February 1749. 247: 216: 1003:
Charles Brooking (1723–59) and the 18th Century Marine Painters
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On 3 September 1696, Peter Monamy, aged 15, was bound as an
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Guide to the works of Peter Monamy in galleries and museums
432:, where Charles Brooking Senior was involved in furbishing 535:, as well as of artists and aesthetic concepts from the 1060:
Gentleman's & Connoisseur's Dictionary of Painters
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next to King Henry VIIth’s Chapel, in Old Palace Yard
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The next confirmed biographical item comes from the
273:in the vicinity of the south end of London Bridge. 132: 116: 104: 85: 1251:National Maritime Museum biography of Peter Monamy 886:. (Publications of the Harleian Society; Vol. 34.) 1169:(1951); "The Pictures" by Oliver Millar, page 44. 933:Realism in the Protestant and Bourgeois Countries 912:The History of the Worshipful Company of Painters 223:, and practised as what would today be called an 502:from 1727, commemorating his naval triumphs. In 973:. Vol. 38. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 686:, on 14 February 1745, at St George's Chapel, 8: 1211:The Vernacular Art of the Artisan in England 559:mistakenly referred to as Peter, or Pierre, 991:Essays, Moral, Religious, and Miscellaneous 682:Ann Monamy had married Thomas Cornwall, an 345:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 163:Peter Monamy was baptised at the church of 93: 82: 365:Learn how and when to remove this message 219:, with premises in Thames Street, and on 69:Learn how and when to remove this message 767:Catalogue of Engraved National Portraits 617:officers & others, merchants &c. 385:, the seat of government, very close to 32:This article includes a list of general 1165:Whitbread, Major Samuel. Introduction. 1001:Joel, David & Taylor, James (1999) 803: 679:, were left in financial difficulties. 473:"A Third-rate joining her Squadron off 99:Peter Monamy, by Thomas Stubley, c 1730 1213:, The Magazine Antiques, February 1997 1151:Vertue Notebooks, Notebooks I-V and VI 201:Worshipful Company of Painter-Stainers 1236:Biographical website for Peter Monamy 1075:Ambulator: or ... a Tour round London 937:Larousse: Renaissance and Baroque Art 906:The History of the Island of Guernsey 7: 1226:69 artworks by or after Peter Monamy 942:Coke, David & Borg, Alan (2011) 710:was one of these, during the 1740s. 519:, London, which is datable to 1728. 496:George Byng, 1st Viscount Torrington 343:adding citations to reliable sources 1067:, alias Ephraim Hardcastle (1823) 439:. There is a striking painting of 38:it lacks sufficient corresponding 14: 1281:18th-century English male artists 841:A Biographical History of England 694:, 1725–1782, on 29 June 1749, at 673:London and its Environs Described 155:who lived between 1681 and 1749. 970:Dictionary of National Biography 882:Armytage, George J., ed. (1892) 747:Dictionary of National Biography 731:British Men of War in a Calm Sea 315: 23: 1241:"Peter Monamy: the island wiki" 1117:Worshipful Company of Gunmakers 1089:St Barbe Museum and Art Gallery 735:Museum of the Shenandoah Valley 716:Biographical History of England 630:Vertue goes on to relate that " 181:Worshipful Company of Gunmakers 1030:Eddystone: The Finger of Light 997:London & its Neighbourhood 1: 1276:18th-century English painters 1157:Walpole, Horace: Lord Orford 1113:Stimpson, Derek, ed. (2008) 977:Englefield, W. A. D. (1923) 614:expressed this reputation: " 271:St Olave's Church, Southwark 165:St Botolph's-without-Aldgate 1271:17th-century English people 1205:of the Société Guernesiaise 1058:Pilkington, Matthew (1798) 957:Cust, Lionel Henry (1894). 944:Vauxhall Gardens: a history 500:First Lord of the Admiralty 391:St. Margaret's, Westminster 1322: 1193:, Charles Harrison-Wallace 1173:Young, Sir George, 3rd Bt. 1049:(five editions, 1790–1813) 780:of 9 February 1749, says: 733:(1730s) on display in the 605:Frederick, Prince of Wales 203:, one of London's ancient 1167:Southill: A Regency House 1084:Nollekens & His Times 981:Painter-Stainers' Company 916:Painter-Stainers' Company 851:Marshall, Julian (1895) 811:Deuchar, Stephen (2003). 587:, England's long-serving 504:Southill: A Regency House 92: 1199:of the Société Jersiaise 1104:St Leger, Alicia (2005) 862:. Inventory no. 1151160. 667:included in Volume 1 of 492:a fine piece of shipping 244:Greenwich Naval Hospital 1014:McCormack, John (1980) 696:All Hallows-on-the-Wall 53:more precise citations. 1301:British marine artists 1052:Phillips, Hugh (1954) 1047:Some Account of London 995:Hughson, David (1806) 904:Berry, William (1815) 889:Barnes, Alison (2003) 859:Royal Collection Trust 737: 659:", at the east end of 623:noted, in 1766, that " 568:manner of his oeuvre. 483: 303:record of this child. 289:St Mary's, Whitechapel 246:, celebrating English 1286:English male painters 1108:Royal Cork Yacht Club 1073:Scatcherd, J. (1774) 960:"Monamy, Peter"  729: 722:Posthumous reputation 700:St Dunstan's, Stepney 471: 422:Royal Cork Yacht Club 393:, which is still the 159:Early life and family 1208:Ayres, James (1997) 1135:The London Gazetteer 1028:Palmer, Mike (2005) 778:The London Gazetteer 753:The Mariner's Mirror 437:Eddystone Lighthouse 339:improve this section 1306:Artists from London 1065:Pyne, William Henry 1054:Mid-Georgian London 815:. Oxford Art Online 511:is extant a marine 1137:of 9 February 1749 1069:Wine & Walnuts 1016:The Guernsey House 910:Borg, Alan (2005) 738: 647:and collection of 484: 453:William Henry Pyne 451:on London Bridge. 266:William Henry Pyne 225:interior decorator 1127:978-0-9559032-0-5 1106:A History of the 1100:978-0-9559729-1-1 1032:. Seafarer Books 1010:978-1-85149-277-0 952:978-0-300-17382-6 876:Printed materials 661:Westminster Abbey 387:Westminster Abbey 375: 374: 367: 140: 139: 136:Maritime painting 79: 78: 71: 1313: 1177:Young of Formosa 987:Highmore, Joseph 974: 962: 864: 863: 849: 843: 834: 828: 827: 822: 820: 808: 708:Charles Brooking 548:Vauxhall Gardens 475:Elizabeth Castle 441:Henry Winstanley 399:House of Commons 383:Westminster Hall 370: 363: 359: 356: 350: 319: 311: 262:Wine and Walnuts 250:prowess and the 123: 97: 83: 74: 67: 63: 60: 54: 49:this article by 40:inline citations 27: 26: 19: 1321: 1320: 1316: 1315: 1314: 1312: 1311: 1310: 1261: 1260: 1222: 1217: 1181: 1043:Pennant, Thomas 979:History of the 956: 873: 868: 867: 852: 850: 846: 835: 831: 818: 816: 813:"Monamy, Peter" 810: 809: 805: 800: 795: 724: 621:Joseph Highmore 541:William Hogarth 527:paintings from 466: 445:Plymouth Museum 371: 360: 354: 351: 336: 320: 309: 236:James Thornhill 189:Channel Islands 161: 128: 125: 121: 120:7 February 1749 112: 109: 100: 88: 75: 64: 58: 55: 45:Please help to 44: 28: 24: 17: 16:English painter 12: 11: 5: 1319: 1317: 1309: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1278: 1273: 1263: 1262: 1259: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1221: 1220:External links 1218: 1216: 1215: 1206: 1200: 1194: 1187: 1186: 1185: 1180: 1179: 1170: 1163: 1161:Complete Works 1154: 1148:Vertue, George 1145: 1138: 1129: 1111: 1102: 1086: 1077: 1071: 1062: 1056: 1050: 1040: 1026: 1012: 999: 993: 984: 975: 954: 940: 926: 924:978-1905217052 908: 902: 887: 879: 878: 877: 872: 869: 866: 865: 844: 829: 802: 801: 799: 796: 794: 791: 742:Horace Walpole 723: 720: 712:Francis Swaine 692:Francis Swaine 669:Robert Dodsley 601:The Daily Post 597:Admiral Vernon 589:Prime Minister 585:Robert Walpole 498:, (1663–1733) 465: 462: 373: 372: 323: 321: 314: 308: 305: 160: 157: 138: 137: 134: 130: 129: 126: 124:(aged 68) 118: 114: 113: 110: 106: 102: 101: 98: 90: 89: 86: 77: 76: 31: 29: 22: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1318: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1268: 1266: 1257: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1231: 1227: 1224: 1223: 1219: 1214: 1212: 1207: 1204: 1201: 1198: 1195: 1192: 1189: 1188: 1184:Other sources 1183: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1171: 1168: 1164: 1162: 1158: 1155: 1152: 1149: 1146: 1143: 1139: 1136: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1118: 1112: 1110: 1109: 1103: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1090: 1087: 1085: 1081: 1078: 1076: 1072: 1070: 1066: 1063: 1061: 1057: 1055: 1051: 1048: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1038:0-9547062-0-X 1035: 1031: 1027: 1025: 1024:0-85033-380-6 1021: 1017: 1013: 1011: 1007: 1004: 1000: 998: 994: 992: 988: 985: 983: 982: 976: 972: 971: 966: 961: 955: 953: 949: 945: 941: 938: 934: 930: 929:Brion, Marcel 927: 925: 921: 917: 914:. 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Index

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English
marine
painter
St Botolph's-without-Aldgate
London
England
Guernsey
Worshipful Company of Gunmakers
Channel Islands
apprentice
Worshipful Company of Painter-Stainers
guilds
craftsmen
constable
juryman
London Bridge
interior decorator
murals
James Thornhill
Painted Hall
Greenwich Naval Hospital
naval
Protestant
monarchy

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