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561:, the most important print publisher of northern Europe. Bruegel's return route is uncertain, but much of the debate over it was made irrelevant in the 1980s when it was realised that the celebrated series of large drawings of mountain landscapes thought to have been made on the trip were not by Bruegel at all. All the drawings from the trip that are considered authentic are of landscapes; unlike most other 16th-century artists visiting Rome he seems to have ignored both classical ruins and contemporary buildings.
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from copies, prints and reproductions. Even Henri Hymans, whose work of 1890/1891 was the first important contribution to modern
Bruegel scholarship, could describe him thus: "His field of enquiry is certainly not of the most extensive; his ambition, too, is modest. He confines himself to a knowledge of mankind and the most immediate objects", a line no modern scholar is likely to take. As his landscape paintings, in good colour reproduction, have become his best-loved works, so his importance in the history of
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terms of scale and composition, both of which were original and influential on later painting. His earlier style shows dozens of small figures, seen from a high viewpoint, and spread fairly evenly across the central picture space. The setting is typically an urban space surrounded by buildings, within which the figures have a "fundamentally disconnected manner of portrayal", with individuals or small groups engaged in their own distinct activity, while ignoring all the others.
593:, where he lived for the remainder of his short life. Antwerp was the capital of Netherlandish commerce and the art market; Brussels was the centre of government. Van Mander tells a story that his mother-in-law pushed for the move to distance him from his established servant girl mistress. By now painting had become his main activity, and his most famous works come from these years. His paintings were much sought after, with patrons including wealthy Flemish collectors and
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688:, some of which wanted separation from the Habsburg rule based in Spain. The Reformation meanwhile produced a number of Protestant denominations that gained followers in the Seventeen Provinces, influenced by the newly Lutheran German states to the east and the newly Anglican England to the west. The Habsburg monarchs of Spain attempted a policy of strict religious uniformity for the Catholic Church within their domains and enforced it with the
1259:, sixty-one sheets of drawings are now generally agreed to be by Bruegel. A new "Master of the Mountain Landscapes" has emerged from the carnage. Mielke's key observation was that the lily watermark on the paper of several sheets was only found from around 1580 onwards, which led to the rapid acceptance of his proposal. Another group of about twenty-five pen drawings of landscapes, many signed and dated as by Bruegel, are now given to
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1185:. At his "House of the Four Winds" Cock ran a production and distribution operation efficiently turning out prints of many sorts that was more concerned with sales than the finest artistic achievement. Most of Bruegel's prints come from this period, but he continued to produce drawn designs for prints until the end of his life, leaving only two completed out of a series of the
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3024:, where his work is discussed in casual conversations between a security guard at the museum and a visitor from Montreal visiting a hospitalised relative, and taking time off between hospital visits to go to the museum. Some attention is given to tour guides making presentations about some of the Bruegel paintings.
461:) near Breda called "Brueghel", which does not fit any known place. Nothing at all is known of his family background. Van Mander seems to assume he came from a peasant background, in keeping with the over-emphasis on Bruegel's peasant genre scenes given by van Mander and many early art historians and critics.
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The critical treatment of
Bruegel as essentially an artist of comic peasant scenes persisted until the late 19th century, even after his best paintings became widely visible as royal and aristocratic collections were turned into museums. This had been partly explicable when his work was mainly known
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Pieter the Elder had two sons: Pieter
Brueghel the Younger and Jan Brueghel the Elder (both kept their name as Brueghel). Their grandmother, Mayken Verhulst, trained the sons because "the Elder" died when both were very small children. The older brother, Pieter Brueghel copied his father's style and
1193:. To his contemporaries and for long after, until public museums and good reproductions of the paintings made these better known, Bruegel was much better known through his prints than his paintings, which largely explains the critical assessment of him as merely the creator of comic peasant scenes.
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Bruegel's son Pieter could still keep himself and a large studio team busy producing replicas or adaptations of
Bruegel's works, as well as his own compositions along similar lines, sixty years or more after they were first painted. The most frequently copied works were generally not the ones that
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Bruegel's paintings were on a far larger scale than a typical calendar page painting, each one approximately three feet by five feet. For
Bruegel, this was a large commission (the price of a commission was based on how large the painting was) and an important one. In 1565, the Calvinist riots began
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who was only a bystander for the supposed narrative subject, and may not even be aware of it. The date of
Bruegel's lost original is unclear, but it is probably relatively early, and if so, foreshadows the trend of his later works. During the 1560s the early scenes crowded with multitudes of very
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and later painting in general in his innovative choices of subject matter, as one of the first generation of artists to grow up when religious subjects had ceased to be the natural subject matter of painting. He also painted no portraits, the other mainstay of
Netherlandish art. After his training
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His famous set of landscapes with genre figures depicting the seasons are the culmination of his landscape style; the five surviving paintings use the basic elements of the world landscape (only one lacks craggy mountains) but transform them into his own style. They are larger than most previous
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populated by peasants, often with a landscape element, though he also painted religious works. Making the life and manners of peasants the main focus of a work was rare in painting in
Bruegel's time, and he was a pioneer of the genre painting. Many of his peasant paintings fall into two groups in
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Van Mander records that before he died he told his wife to burn some drawings, perhaps designs for prints, carrying inscriptions "which were too sharp or sarcastic ... either out of remorse or for fear that she might come to harm or in some way be held responsible for them", which has led to much
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entered the
Habsburg collections in 1594, given to Rudolf's brother and later taken by the emperor himself. Rudolf eventually owned at least ten Bruegel paintings. A generation later Rubens owned eleven or twelve, which mostly passed to the Antwerp senator Pieter Stevens, and were then sold in
1189:. The prints were popular and it is reasonable to assume that all those published have survived. In many cases we also have Bruegel's drawings. Although the subject matter of his graphic work was often continued in his paintings, there are considerable differences in emphases between the two
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From 1555 until 1563, Bruegel lived in
Antwerp, then the publishing centre of northern Europe, mainly working as a designer of over forty prints for Cock, though his dated paintings begin in 1557. With one exception, Bruegel did not work the plates himself, but produced a drawing which Cock's
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states that Archduke Ernst, who took possession of the paintings after Niclaes defaulted on taxes, had as early as 1569 inventoried only six paintings in this series during the year of Bruegel's death. The collection is next inventoried to be in the possession of Archduke Leopold who in 1659
844:, which depicted a quote from the Bible: "If the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch" (Matthew 15:14). Using the Bible to interpret this painting, the six blind men are symbols of the blindness of mankind in pursuing earthly goals instead of focusing on Christ's teachings.
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In contrast, scholars of the last six decades have emphasised the intellectual content of his work, and conclude: "There is, in fact, every reason to think that Pieter Bruegel was a townsman and a highly educated one, on friendly terms with the humanists of his time", ignoring van Mander's
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Although Bruegel presumably made them, no drawings that are clearly preparatory studies for paintings survive. Most surviving drawings are finished designs for prints, or landscape drawings that are fairly finished. After a considerable purge of attributions in recent decades, led by
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His earthy, unsentimental but vivid depiction of the rituals of village life—including agriculture, hunts, meals, festivals, dances, and games—are unique windows on a vanished folk culture, though still characteristic of Belgian life and culture today, and a prime source of
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Bruegel's birth date is not documented, but inferred from the fact that Bruegel entered the Antwerp painters' guild in 1551. This usually happened between the ages of twenty to twenty-five, giving a range for his birth between 1525 and 1530. His master, according to
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In this atmosphere Bruegel reached the height of his career as a painter. Two years before his death, the Eighty Years' War began between the United Provinces and Spain. Although Bruegel did not live to see it, seven provinces became independent and formed the
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for the leading publisher of the day. At the end of the 1550s, he made painting his main medium, and all his famous paintings come from the following period of little more than a decade before his early death in 1569, when he was probably in his early forties.
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subjects, Vinckboons and other artists took from Bruegel "such stylistic devices as the bird's-eye perspective, ornamentalised vegetation, bright palette, and stocky, odious figures." Forty years after their deaths, and over a century after Bruegel's,
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In the 1560s, Bruegel moved to a style showing only a few large figures, typically in a landscape background without a distant view. His paintings dominated by their landscapes take a middle course as regards both the number and size of figures.
785:, many of which still are in use in current Flemish, French, English and Dutch. The Flemish environment provided a large artistic audience for proverb-filled paintings because proverbs were well known and recognisable as well as entertaining.
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style, which shows small figures in an imaginary panoramic landscape seen from an elevated viewpoint that includes mountains and lowlands, water, and buildings. Back in Antwerp from Italy he was commissioned in the 1550s by the publisher
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Orenstein, vii gives the total; fifty-four were in the exhibition and are catalogued, and most others illustrated. These included all those from the largest collections, Berlin (10), London (8) and Vienna (6). Sellink in 2012 lists
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Bruegel was born at a time of extensive change in Western Europe. Humanist ideals from the previous century influenced artists and scholars. Italy was at the end of its High Renaissance of arts and culture, when artists such as
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and it was only two years before the Eighty Years' War broke out. Bruegel may have felt safer with a secular commission so as to not offend Calvinist or Catholic. Some of the most famous paintings from this series included
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who carved away the block, following the drawing while also destroying it, had only done one corner of the design before stopping work. The design then appears as an engraving, perhaps soon after Bruegel's death.
838:. Even if Bruegel's subject matter was unconventional, the religious ideals and proverbs driving his paintings were typical of the Northern Renaissance. He accurately depicted people with disabilities, such as in
539:, whose will of 1578 lists paintings by Bruegel; in one case a joint work. These works, apparently landscapes, have not survived, but marginal miniatures in manuscripts by Clovio are attributed to Bruegel.
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series resurfacing unrecognised, which triggers a conflict between an art (and money) lover and the boor who possesses it. Much thought is spent on Bruegel's secret motives for painting it.
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circles of the city, and his change of name (or at least its spelling) in 1559 can be seen as an attempt to Latinise it; at the same time he changed the script he signed in from the Gothic
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3226:; Wied, 15–18 gives a full English translation. Guicciardini was an Italian who had lived in Antwerp since at least 1542, and probably knew Bruegel, which Van Mander, born in 1648 on the
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1115:, commissioned him to paint a series of paintings of each month of the year. There has been dispute among art historians as to whether the series originally included six or twelve works.
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compositions with competence and considerable commercial success. Jan was much more original, and very versatile. He was an important figure in the transition to the Baroque style in
1326:, son-in-law of Jan Brueghel the Elder, the family is also related to the whole Teniers family of painters and the Quellinus family of painters and sculptors, through the marriage of
486:, with a population of some 8,000, although 90% of its 1300 houses were destroyed in a fire in 1534. This reversal can be taken to excess; although Bruegel moved in highly educated
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On his return from Italy to Antwerp, Bruegel earned his living producing drawings to be turned into prints for the leading print publisher of the city, and indeed northern Europe,
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This is according to Van Mander; although there is no documentation and little evident stylistic influence from his future father-in-law, modern scholars generally accept this.
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was a gentleman-sculptor and medallist, who also had significant business interests. He made medals and tombs in an international style for the Brussels elite, especially
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1243:. The sinners are grotesque and unidentifiable while the allegories of virtue often wear odd headgear. That imitations of Bosch sold well is demonstrated by his drawing
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and Van Mander see him as essentially a comic successor to Hieronymus Bosch. As well as being forward-looking, his art reinvigorates medieval subjects such as marginal
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1227:, 1565, a drawing made to be engraved. It was apparently never painted by Bruegel himself, but after his death came dozens of versions in paint by his son and others.
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Using abundant spirit and comic power, Bruegel created some of the very early images of acute social protest in art history. Examples include paintings such as
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Grove: "none of the three Flemish villages of that name is close to Breda".; Wied, 18, says two of the villages (Groot Bruegel and Cleyn Bruegel) are close to
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are most famous today, though this may reflect the availability of the full-scale detailed drawings that were evidently used. The most-copied painting is the
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Jean Bastiaensen, "De verloving van Pieter Bruegel de Oude. Nieuw licht op de Antwerpse verankering", Openbaar Kunstbezit Vlaanderen, 51 (2013), no. 1: 26–27.
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inspired the title and also the plot to some extent. Various sections are introduced with a proverb depicted in the painting that alludes to a plot element.
1855:. Others are known to have been lost, including what, according to van Mander, Bruegel himself thought his best work, "a picture in which Truth triumphs".
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Grove; Manfred Sellink in 2012 listed forty paintings, seventy drawings and seventy-five prints, the latter slightly higher numbers than other sources.
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3239:"den welcken is geboren niet wijt van Breda, op een Dorp geheeten Brueghel, welcks naem hy met hem ghedraghen heeft, en zijn naecomelinghen ghelaten."
1800:(1565), of which the original is in Brussels; 127 copies are recorded. They include paintings after some of Bruegel's drawn print designs, especially
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chief minister, who was based in Mechelen. Bruegel had two sons, both well known as painters, and a daughter about whom nothing is known. These were
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indicated that five of them were extant. Only five of these paintings are known to have survived into the 21st century. Traditional Flemish luxury
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Among his greatest successes were a series of allegories, among several designs adopting many of the very individual mannerisms of his compatriot
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Around 1563, Bruegel moved from Antwerp to Brussels, where he married Mayken Coecke, the daughter of the painter Pieter Coecke van Aelst and
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1822:(1576 – c. 1632), both Flemish-born but spending much of their time in the northern Netherlands. As well as the general conception of such
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which is on display at the Metropolitan in New York. The painting associated with the April-May seasonal transition is assumed to be lost.
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The next century's artists of peasant genre scenes were heavily influenced by Brueghel. Outside the Brueghel family, early figures were
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Bruegel's work was, as far as we know, always keenly collected. The banker Nicolaes Jonghelinck owned sixteen paintings; his brother
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small figures, whether peasant genre figures or figures in religious narratives, give way to a small number of much larger figures.
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2079:, probably 1550s, Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, Brussels – Note: Now seen as a copy of a lost authentic Bruegel painting
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Between 1545 and 1550 he was a pupil of Pieter Coecke, who died on 6 December 1550. Before this, Bruegel was already working in
692:. Increasing religious antagonisms and riots, political manoeuvrings, and executions eventually resulted in the outbreak of the
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at the southern tip of the mainland, where a drawing records the city in flames after a Turkish raid. He probably continued to
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were dated 1563 but included elements only built in the 1590s. This group appears to have been made as deliberate forgeries.
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that religious art should be more focused on religious subject-matter and less on material things and decorative qualities.
511:, the wife of Pieter Coecke. Mayken's father and eight siblings were all artists or married artists, and lived in Mechelen.
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In the 20th and 21st centuries, Bruegel's works have inspired artists in both the literary arts and in cinema. His painting
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The series on the months of the year includes several of Bruegel's best-known works. In 1565, a wealthy patron in Antwerp,
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1874:. As discussed above, about sixty-one drawings are now recognised as authentic, mostly designs for prints or landscapes.
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with several figures in the foreground, and the panoramic view seen past or through trees. Bruegel was also aware of the
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609:(1568–1625); he died too early to train either of them. He died in Brussels on 9 September 1569 and was buried in the
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speculation that they were politically or doctrinally provocative, in a climate of sharp tension in these areas.
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673:. The Catholic Church viewed Protestantism and its destructive iconoclasm of art as a threat to the Church. The
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Pieter Bruegel the Elder: Fall of the Rebel Angels: Art, Knowledge and Politics on the Eve of the Dutch Revolt
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circles, it seems "he had not mastered Latin", and had others add the Latin captions in some of his drawings.
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He left Italy by 1554, and had reached Antwerp by 1555, when the set of prints to his designs known as the
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and just placing his childhood in Breda itself. Breda was already a significant centre as the base of the
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4055:, 1st edn. 1982 (many later editions), Macmillan, London, page refs to 1984 Macmillan 1st edn. paperback.
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evidence about both physical and social aspects of 16th-century life. For example, his famous painting
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Gibson, Walter S. (1977) :) . Bruegel. The World of Art Library. Thames and Hudson pp 147–148.
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described him in a friendship album in 1574 as "the most perfect painter of his century", but both
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in a number of its genres. He was often a collaborator with other leading artists, including with
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1023:(known from two copies) had a Patinir-style landscape, in which already the largest figure was a
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specialists worked from. From 1559, he dropped the 'h' from his name and signed his paintings as
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shows the variety of amusements enjoyed by young people. His winter landscapes of 1565, like
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There are about forty generally accepted surviving paintings, twelve of which are in the
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for another drawing of Roman ruins, perhaps the Colosseum, recently attributed to Bruegel
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Gombrich, 295; Clark, 41–43, 27, 33, 57, also covering Gothic aspects of Bruegel's style
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Peasant Scenes and Landscapes: The Rise of Pictorial Genres in the Antwerp Art Market
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2861:: "the stumbling dark of the blind, that Breughel knew about – ditch circumscribed".
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Bruegel also painted religious scenes in a wide Flemish landscape setting, as in the
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of Antwerp. He set off for Italy soon after, probably by way of France. He visited
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Bruegel's art was long more highly valued by collectors than critics. His friend
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painted their masterpieces. In 1517, about eight years before Bruegel's birth,
2815:. Williams' final collection of poetry alludes to several of Bruegel's works.
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Princes and Artists, Patronage and Ideology at Four Habsburg Courts 1517–1633
3603:
Orenstein catalogues the prints in chronological order, as far as it is known
704:, while the other ten remained under Habsburg control at the end of the war.
4394:
3257:
3227:
2563:
2335:
2287:
2264:
2232:
2057:
1922:
1863:
1831:(1626–79) continued to show a particular interest in Bruegelian treatments.
1828:
1769:
1739:
1264:
1248:
997:
896:
797:, are taken as corroborative evidence of the severity of winters during the
634:, 1564, Bruegel's second largest painting at 124 cm × 170 cm (49 in × 67 in)
503:
416:
329:); he was a pioneer in presenting both types of subject as large paintings.
326:
4257:
3135:
497:, where he is documented between September 1550 and October 1551 assisting
4226:
3261:
1196:
The prints are mostly engravings, though from about 1559 onwards some are
2467:
822:
782:
598:
590:
494:
136:
109:
4014:. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press, accessed 2 February 2017,
3643:
Orenstein, 276–277, and following catalogue pages for individual works.
3634:
Orenstein, 266–267, and following catalogue pages for individual works.
2518:
2241:
1867:
1213:
1201:
1197:
817:, Bruegel painted individual, identifiable people, while the people in
338:
322:
123:
1772:, the very acquisitive Austrian Habsburg Emperor. The series of the
3256:
still has supporters but is 34 miles from Breda, though just outside
3125:
2966:
refers to Bruegel's paintings in his films several times, notably in
2676:
2621:
2578:
2533:
2226:
2211:
2196:
2137:
2106:
1852:
1735:
1204:
was made from a Bruegel design, with another left incomplete. This,
1099:
1085:
958:
532:
367:
refers to Bruegel's paintings in his films several times, including
4227:
Pieter-Bruegel-The-Elder.org: 99 works by Pieter Bruegel the Elder
3252:, which is "Breda" in Latin, perhaps causing Van Mander confusion.
2948:
in her poem "Two Views of a Cadaver Room" from her 1960 collection
447:'s account of the Low Countries (1567) and Karel van Mander's 1604
3514:
Silver, 39–52; Snyder, 502–510; Harbison, 140–142; Schama, 431–433
2817:
2745:
2655:
2510:
2344:
2320:
2166:
2012:
1995:
1978:
1779:
1708:
1219:
1163:
1035:
970:
742:
729:
716:
624:
541:
463:
454:
411:
85:
895:, an illustration of the medieval mythical land of plenty called
4231:
3438:. Library of Congress: Time-Life Library of Art. pp. 18–27.
524:
4753:
4261:
4010:"Grove": Wied, Alexander and Van Miegroet, Hans J. "Bruegel."
1287:
was registered 25 July 1563. The marriage was concluded in the
457:, but van Mander specified that Bruegel was born in a village (
1004:, to meet what was now a growing demand for landscape images.
535:, but by 1553 was back in Rome. There he met the miniaturist
527:
and, rather adventurously for the period, by 1552 had reached
309:– 9 September 1569) was among the most significant artists of
269:
226:
220:
4195:(The A. W. Mellon Lectures in the Fine Arts), 2016, Princeton
3870:
2778:
In Brueghel's Icarus, for instance: how everything turns away
2038:
Landscape with Christ and the Apostles at the Sea of Tiberias
263:
3384:
Snyder, 502; Orenstein, 96–97 for one agreed exception; see
2755:, probably an early copy of Bruegel's lost original, c. 1558
4247:
Academia.edu: The political consciousness of Pieter Bruegel
1017:, 1563), are fully within the Patinir conventions, but his
2788:
Water, and the expensive delicate ship that must have seen
2786:
As it had to on the white legs disappearing into the green
2784:
But for him it was not an important failure; the sun shone
1889:(1557), Bruegel's earliest genre scene, private collection
3494:
Prints & People: A Social History of Printed Pictures
2694:, 1556; we have both Bruegel's design and prints after it
266:
223:
3415:
Van Mander, quoted in Wied, 16; Orenstein, 7; Hagens, 15
3375:
Orenstein, 266–267, and following catalogue pages; Grove
3155:
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
661:
in neighbouring Germany. Reformation was accompanied by
507:. Bruegel possibly got this work via the connections of
4193:
Bosch and Bruegel: From Enemy Painting to Everyday Life
4098:, 1995, HarperCollins (2004 HarperPerennial edn used),
2652:, an unfinished work, probably Bruegel's last painting.
585:
In 1563, he married Pieter Coecke van Aelst's daughter
443:
The two main early sources for Bruegel's biography are
337:
and travels to Italy, he returned in 1555 to settle in
278:
235:
4207:
Bruegel: The Complete Paintings, Drawings and Prints
3752:, p. 7, Courtauld Institute Galleries, London 1981,
3004:
inspired the 2011 Polish-Swedish film co-production
2991:(2011). This was used as a reference to Tarkovsky's
1330:
to Cornelia, daughter of David Teniers the Younger.
260:
257:
217:
214:
4685:
4666:
4295:
1200:or mixtures of both techniques. Only one complete
501:on an altarpiece (now lost), painting the wings in
341:, where he worked mainly as a prolific designer of
254:
211:
178:
146:
132:
95:
68:
34:
4242:Pubhist.com: Gallery of all paintings and drawings
3466:Art History- Fourteenth to Seventeenth Century Art
980:, 1563, 37.1 × 55.6 cm (14.6 × 21.9 in), owned by
684:At this time, the Low Countries were divided into
453:. Guicciardini recorded that Bruegel was born in
3663:"Pieter Bruegel, the Elder | Flemish artist"
4236:Belgian Art Links and Tools (KIK-IRPA, Brussels)
3496:. Princeton: Princeton University Press, p. 426.
2790:Something amazing, a boy falling out of the sky,
2780:Quite leisurely from the disaster; the ploughman
801:. Bruegel often painted community events, as in
425:The Seven Deadly Sins or the Seven Vices – Anger
4514:Winter Landscape with Ice skaters and Bird trap
4162:Albrecht Altdorfer and the Origins of Landscape
1797:Winter Landscape with (Skaters and) a Bird Trap
1786:Winter Landscape with (Skaters and) a Bird Trap
1080:(October-November) which are on display in the
2792:Had somewhere to get to and sailed calmly on.
2189:(Battle Against The Philistines on the Gilboa)
4765:
4273:
4069:Pieter Bruegel the Elder: Drawings and Prints
3034:List of paintings by Pieter Bruegel the Elder
2032:List of paintings by Pieter Bruegel the Elder
1350:
1136:; 1416) had calendar pages that included the
8:
4254:– largest ever exhibition on Bruegel in 2018
4034:"Hagens": Hagen, Rose-Marie; Hagen, Rainer,
3478:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3464:Stokstad, Cothren, Marilyn, Michael (2010).
2409:at the Prague Castle Complex, Czech Republic
1129:
519:In 1551 Bruegel became a free master in the
4427:Adoration of the Magi in a Winter Landscape
4403:Adoration of the Magi in a Winter Landscape
3855:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2916:In the Garden of the North American Martyrs
1007:Some of his earlier paintings, such as his
4790:
4772:
4758:
4750:
4280:
4266:
4258:
4112:, 2006, University of Pennsylvania Press,
2985:also uses Bruegel's paintings in his film
1357:
1343:
1335:
987:Bruegel adapted and made more natural the
781:, illustrates dozens of then-contemporary
383:also uses Bruegel's paintings in his film
42:
31:
3575:. Library of Congress: Time-Life Library.
2338:family collection in Lobkowicz Palace in
1318:(grandson of Jan Brueghel the Elder) and
3979:Dutch Seventeenth-Century Genre Painting
3974:, 1949, page refs to Penguin edn of 1961
3778:Sotheby's: Catalogue note on a good copy
3566:
3564:
3459:
3457:
3447:
3445:
3362:
3360:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3272:
3270:
2851:". David Jones alludes to the painting
2841:'s 1957 poem, "Brueghel's Two Monkeys".
2797:It also was the subject of a 1960 poem "
2782:Have heard the splash, the forsaken cry,
2632:, 1568, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
2600:, 1568, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
2431:, 1565, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
2396:, 1565, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
2387:, 1565, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
2251:, 1563, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
3924:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 3.
3788:
3786:
3585:Orenstein, 236–238, and following pages
3224:van Mander's Bruegel biography in Dutch
3054:
2489:, 1567, Kunsthistorishes Museum, Vienna
1876:
1858:Bruegel only etched one plate himself,
1279:. As registered in the archives of the
876:
4451:Christ and the Woman Taken in Adultery
3848:
3471:
3044:Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting
2873:, imagines a lost panel from the 1565
2438:Christ and the Woman Taken in Adultery
311:Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting
3345:Grove; Orenstein, 204 for the drawing
2540:The Adoration of the Magi in the Snow
2464:Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium
2370:Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium
2161:Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium
1968:Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium
1908:Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium
1862:but designed some forty prints, both
1688:
1686:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1668:
1666:
1661:
1659:
1654:
1652:
1624:
1622:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1580:
1578:
1568:
1565:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1550:
1548:
1543:
1541:
1536:
1534:
1494:
1492:
1456:
1454:
1445:
1443:
1438:
1436:
1418:
1416:
1398:
1396:
1390:
1388:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
549:, Bruegel's drawing for a print, 1556
419:designed by Bruegel and published by
289:
27:Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painter
7:
4545:The Sermon of Saint John the Baptist
4419:Landscape with the Flight into Egypt
2900:". It is believed that the painting
2271:Landscape with the Flight into Egypt
1314:Other members of the family include
1010:Landscape with the Flight into Egypt
977:Landscape with the Flight into Egypt
4325:The Fight Between Carnival and Lent
4200:Hieronymus Bosch: Visions of Genius
4024:, 1995, Weidenfeld & Nicolson,
4022:The Art of the Northern Renaissance
3523:Wood, Chapter 5, especially 275–278
2732:, 1526–1569, The Phoebus Foundation
2730:Village views with trees and a mule
2663:, 1526–1569, The Phoebus Foundation
2661:Village views with trees and a mule
2098:The Fight Between Carnival and Lent
1985:The Fight Between Carnival and Lent
1928:Museum Mayer van den Bergh, Antwerp
1062:. The surviving five paintings are
850:The Fight Between Carnival and Lent
819:The Fight Between Carnival and Lent
810:The Fight Between Carnival and Lent
396:The Procession to Calvary (Bruegel)
4317:Naval Battle in the Gulf of Naples
4232:Pieter Bruegel the Elder in BALaT
4066:Orenstein, Nadine M., ed. (2001).
3896:"Muzeul National Brukenthal Sibiu"
3732:, 116, 1976, Thames & Hudson,
3558:. Princeton Univ. Press. Page 345.
3545:. Princeton Univ. Press. Page 345.
2144:Naval Battle in the Gulf of Naples
1566:Hieronymous van Kessel the Younger
1208:, is a most unusual survival (now
1132:Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry
853:(a satire of the conflicts of the
836:The Sermon of St. John the Baptist
25:
4349:Landscape with the Fall of Icarus
4216:, 2014, Milan, Silvana Editoriale
3944:. Faber & Faber. p. 60.
3780:, sold London, Lot 10 9 July 2014
2929:explains that Bruegel's painting
2799:Landscape with the Fall of Icarus
2762:Landscape with the Fall of Icarus
2752:Landscape with the Fall of Icarus
2365:Winter Landscape with a Bird Trap
2076:Landscape with the Fall of Icarus
1094:(June-July) is on display in the
1020:Landscape with the Fall of Icarus
996:to make drawings for a series of
821:are unidentifiable, muffin-faced
393:was released featuring Bruegel's
352:Landscape with the Fall of Icarus
4904:
4883:
4862:
4830:
4809:
4657:
4198:Jos Koldeweij; Matthijs Ilsink,
4164:, 1993, Reaktion Books, London,
3686:Snyder, 484; Orenstein, 9–11, 59
3230:, is most unlikely to have done.
3076:Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia
3010:, in which Bruegel is played by
2855:in his World War One prose-poem
2847:refers to Brueghel in his poem "
2503:Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
1954:
1934:
1914:
1894:
1879:
945:
924:
903:
879:
547:The Big Fish Eat the Little Fish
332:He was a formative influence on
250:
207:
106:9 September 1569 (aged 39 to 44)
4608:The Peasant and the Nest Robber
4036:Bruegel, The Complete Paintings
3833:. Vrtnieuws.net. Archived from
2995:, a movie with related themes.
2908:short story with the same title
2721:The Painter and the Connoisseur
2629:The Peasant and the Nest Robber
912:The Peasant and the Nest Robber
873:Late monumental peasant figures
863:Strongboxes Battling Piggybanks
50:The Painter and The Connoisseur
4491:The Wine of Saint Martin's Day
4074:The Metropolitan Museum of Art
3941:Opened Ground: Poems 1966–1996
3183:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
3014:. Bruegel's paintings in the
2668:The Wine of Saint Martin's Day
2590:Museo Nazionale di Capodimonte
2453:Museum of Fine Arts (Budapest)
756:Pieter Bruegel specialised in
1:
4997:16th-century Flemish painters
4644:
4589:
4526:
4495:
4360:
4252:Bruegel blockbuster in Vienna
3612:Orenstein, 241–242, 246–248;
3505:about 1558 has been suggested
3158:(5th ed.). HarperCollins
2942:refers to Bruegel's painting
2921:In the foreword to his novel
2809:'s 1976 science fiction film
2449:Preaching of John the Baptist
2276:Courtauld Institute Galleries
2261:Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen
2089:, Berlin. (Originally titled
1948:The Detroit Institute of Arts
1812:
1172:
303:
183:Dutch and Flemish Renaissance
76:
54:
4937:Flemish Renaissance painters
4371:The Fall of the Rebel Angels
3920:Szymborska, Wislawa (1995).
3039:Early Netherlandish painting
3018:are shown in the 2012 film,
2951:The Colossus and Other Poems
2316:The National Gallery, London
2156:The Fall of the Rebel Angels
1903:The Fall of the Rebel Angels
1307:on many works including the
4693:Pieter Brueghel the Younger
4616:The Blind Leading the Blind
4000:, Phaidon, 13th edn. 1982.
3829:(Het journaal 1–11/11/09).
3750:The Princes Gate Collection
2853:The Blind Leading the Blind
2585:The Blind Leading the Blind
2256:The "Little" Tower of Babel
1966:(1566), oil on wood panel,
1440:Pieter Brueghel the Younger
1058:'s landscape style through
841:The Blind Leading the Blind
677:, which concluded in 1563,
603:Pieter Brueghel the Younger
470:The Blind Leading the Blind
5023:
4992:People from Son en Breugel
4972:Flemish Mannerist painters
4967:Flemish landscape painters
3095:Collins English Dictionary
2617:The Beggars (The Cripples)
2507:Brukenthal National Museum
2443:Courtauld Institute of Art
2420:Metropolitan Museum of Art
2356:Metropolitan Museum of Art
2311:The Adoration of the Kings
2248:The "Large" Tower of Babel
2238:Museum Mayer van den Bergh
2069:Museum Mayer van den Bergh
2029:
1946:(1566), oil on oak panel,
1320:Jan van Kessel the Younger
1210:Metropolitan Museum of Art
954:The Beggars (The Cripples)
940:, Vienna, oil on oak panel
436:, was the Antwerp painter
389:(2011). In 2011, the film
4788:
4780:Labours of the months by
4675:The Painter and The Buyer
4655:
4624:The Magpie on the Gallows
4522:Massacre of the Innocents
4443:The Procession to Calvary
4133:, 1985, Harry N. Abrams,
3922:View With a Grain of Sand
3001:The Procession to Calvary
2812:The Man Who Fell to Earth
2737:References in other works
2691:Large Fish Eat Small Fish
2555:The Magpie on the Gallows
2545:Oskar Reinhart Collection
2494:Massacre of the Innocents
2479:Detroit Institute of Arts
2299:The Procession to Calvary
1715:Massacre of the Innocents
1646:
1644:
1642:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1620:
1618:
1604:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1563:
1553:David Teniers the Younger
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1490:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1414:
1410:
1404:
1324:David Teniers the Younger
1301:Dutch Golden Age painting
1130:
631:The Procession to Calvary
334:Dutch Golden Age painting
41:
5007:Dutch landscape painters
4957:Dutch Mannerist painters
4932:Pieter Bruegel the Elder
4782:Pieter Bruegel the Elder
4705:Jan Brueghel the Younger
4289:Pieter Bruegel the Elder
4131:Northern Renaissance Art
4038:, 2001, Midpoint Press,
3492:Mayor, A. Hyatt (1971).
3386:this British Museum page
3016:Kunsthistorisches Museum
2884:uses Bruegel's painting
2610:Kunsthistorisches Museum
2332:National Museum (Prague)
2304:Kunsthistorisches Museum
2193:Kunsthistorisches Museum
2178:Kunsthistorisches Museum
2134:Kunsthistorisches Museum
2112:Portrait of an Old Woman
2103:Kunsthistorisches Museum
2007:Kunsthistorisches Museum
1990:Kunsthistorisches Museum
1887:A Pig Has to Go in a Sty
1849:Kunsthistorisches Museum
1726:; a much-copied painting
1683:Jan van Kessel the Elder
1545:Jan Brueghel the Younger
1385:Pieter Bruegel the Elder
1316:Jan van Kessel the Elder
1297:Flemish Baroque painting
1245:Big Fish Eat Little Fish
1082:Kunsthistorisches Museum
1074:(December-January), and
938:Kunsthistorisches Museum
917:Kunsthistorisches Museum
363:. Russian film director
291:[ˈpitərˈbrøːɣəl]
36:Pieter Bruegel the Elder
18:Peter Brueghel the Elder
4802:The Hunters in the Snow
4537:The Census at Bethlehem
4506:The Hunters in the Snow
3900:www.brukenthalmuseum.ro
3667:Encyclopædia Britannica
3571:Foote, Timothy (1968).
3434:Foote, Timothy (1968).
3276:Orenstein, 57–58; Grove
3132:Oxford University Press
2906:influenced the classic
2903:The Hunters in the Snow
2805:, and was mentioned in
2803:William Carlos Williams
2560:Hessisches Landesmuseum
2497:, c. 1567, versions at
2459:The Census at Bethlehem
2383:The Hunters in the Snow
2283:The Death of the Virgin
2176:(1563, large version),
2149:Galleria Doria-Pamphilj
1963:The Census at Bethlehem
1839:has become understood.
1744:illuminated manuscripts
1285:deposition for marriage
1150:(December–January) and
1147:The Hunters in the Snow
1071:The Hunters in the Snow
1042:The Hunters in the Snow
794:The Hunters in the Snow
726:, 1559, oil on oak wood
438:Pieter Coecke van Aelst
154:The Hunters in the Snow
4962:Flemish genre painters
4897:The Return of the Herd
4722:The Mill and the Cross
4699:Jan Brueghel the Elder
4483:The Return of the Herd
4435:Adoration of the Kings
4333:Netherlandish Proverbs
4147:, 1980, Studio Vista,
4053:A World History of Art
3871:"Lobkowicz Fundraiser"
3554:Joseph Koerner. 2018.
3541:Joseph Koerner. 2018.
3228:other side of Flanders
3007:The Mill and the Cross
2962:Russian film director
2932:Netherlandish Proverbs
2923:The Folly of the World
2828:
2795:
2756:
2711:The Calumny of Apelles
2664:
2427:The Return of the Herd
2359:
2354:(1565), oil on panel,
2342:
2181:
2180:, Vienna, oil on panel
2083:Netherlandish Proverbs
2040:, 1553, probably with
2027:
2010:
1993:
1790:
1727:
1447:Jan Brueghel the Elder
1228:
1178:
1077:The Return of the Herd
1046:
984:
857:) and engravings like
855:Protestant Reformation
825:of greed or gluttony.
772:Netherlandish Proverbs
753:
740:
727:
723:Netherlandish Proverbs
659:Protestant Reformation
635:
607:Jan Brueghel the Elder
550:
484:House of Orange-Nassau
474:
428:
391:The Mill and the Cross
4982:Painters from Antwerp
4739:Bruegel (institution)
4569:The Land of Cockaigne
4016:subscription required
3424:Grove; Orenstein, 8–9
3354:Orenstein, 5–6; Grove
3128:UK English Dictionary
2896:and his short story "
2821:
2775:
2749:
2659:
2525:The Land of Cockaigne
2372:, Brussels, inv. 8724
2348:
2324:
2233:Dulle Griet (Mad Meg)
2170:
2016:
1999:
1982:
1872:Cock publishing house
1783:
1712:
1328:Jan-Erasmus Quellinus
1237:The Seven Deadly Sins
1223:
1167:
1138:Labours of the Months
1039:
974:
961:, Paris, oil on panel
888:The Land of Cockaigne
859:The Ass in the School
746:
733:
720:
628:
621:Historical background
545:
467:
445:Lodovico Guicciardini
415:
89:(now the Netherlands)
60:, possibly Bruegel's
5002:Dutch genre painters
4711:Breugel, Netherlands
4356:The Triumph of Death
4309:Parable of the Sower
4096:Landscape and Memory
3938:(22 December 2010).
3875:Lobkowicz Fundraiser
3573:The World of Bruegel
3436:The World of Bruegel
2945:The Triumph of Death
2887:The Triumph of Death
2827:, 1562, oil on panel
2767:Musée des Beaux Arts
2723:, drawing, c. 1565,
2706:Berlin State Museums
2679:(discovered in 2010)
2642:The Frick Collection
2575:Museo di Capodimonte
2218:The Triumph of Death
2054:Timken Museum of Art
2049:Parable of the Sower
2044:, private collection
2019:The Triumph of Death
1742:of ordinary life in
1722:1565–1567), British
1670:Jan Baptist Brueghel
1291:, Brussels in 1563.
1281:Cathedral of Antwerp
1156:(August-September).
813:. In paintings like
565:Antwerp and Brussels
357:Musée des Beaux Arts
172:The Triumph of Death
118:Habsburg Netherlands
4577:The Peasant Wedding
4379:The Suicide of Saul
3204:Orenstein, 5; Grove
2837:was the subject of
2831:Bruegel's painting
2684:Prints and drawings
2597:The Peasant Wedding
2187:The Suicide of Saul
1755:Jacques Jonghelinck
1656:Jan Pieter Brueghel
1160:Prints and drawings
1113:Niclaes Jonghelinck
1045:, 1565, oil on wood
815:The Peasant Wedding
804:The Peasant Wedding
749:The Peasant Wedding
686:Seventeen Provinces
669:, including in the
582:to Roman capitals.
521:Guild of Saint Luke
160:The Peasant Wedding
4987:Artists from Breda
4794:
4561:Conversion of Paul
4411:The Tower of Babel
4212:Meganck, Tine Luk
4205:Sellink, Manfred,
4189:Joseph Leo Koerner
4051:and John Fleming,
3972:Landscape into Art
3837:on 19 October 2007
3801:Franits, 35, 53–54
3726:Trevor-Roper, Hugh
3366:Orenstein, 140–142
2998:His 1564 painting
2839:Wisława Szymborska
2829:
2757:
2665:
2637:The Three Soldiers
2486:Conversion of Paul
2360:
2343:
2210:, Gemäldegalerie,
2182:
2173:The Tower of Babel
2028:
2011:
1994:
1791:
1759:Cardinal Granvelle
1728:
1561:Paschasia Brueghel
1538:Ambrosius Brueghel
1229:
1179:
1068:(February-March),
1047:
1032:Months of the year
985:
982:Cardinal Granvelle
967:Landscape elements
831:Conversion of Paul
754:
741:
728:
667:destruction of art
654:Ninety-five Theses
636:
595:Cardinal Granvelle
557:were published by
551:
475:
429:
325:scenes (so-called
166:The Tower of Babel
4977:Landscape artists
4919:
4918:
4914:
4913:
4747:
4746:
4585:The Peasant Dance
4553:The Wedding Dance
4303:List of paintings
4158:Wood, Christopher
4143:Wied, Alexander,
4120:, 9780812222111,
4083:978-0-87099-990-1
4020:Harbison, Craig.
3981:, Yale UP, 2004,
3951:978-0-571-26279-3
3713:Orenstein, 9–10;
3614:Metropolitan page
3556:Bosch and Bruegel
3543:Bosch and Bruegel
3186:. Merriam-Webster
3138:on 22 March 2020.
2898:Pafko at the Wall
2725:Albertina, Vienna
2713:, 1565, drawing,
2700:, 1556, drawing,
2605:The Peasant Dance
2474:The Wedding Dance
2208:Staatliche Museen
1943:The Wedding Dance
1870:, mostly for the
1765:Flight into Egypt
1705:Reception history
1702:
1701:
1694:
1693:
1309:Allegory of Sight
1305:Peter Paul Rubens
1121:Bosch and Bruegel
1119:in his 2018 book
1060:old master prints
933:The Peasant Dance
694:Eighty Years' War
645:Leonardo da Vinci
379:(1975). Director
188:
187:
127:
90:
16:(Redirected from
5014:
4908:
4887:
4866:
4834:
4813:
4791:
4774:
4767:
4760:
4751:
4729:Bruegel (crater)
4661:
4649:
4646:
4640:The Storm at Sea
4594:
4591:
4531:
4528:
4500:
4497:
4365:
4362:
4341:Children's Games
4282:
4275:
4268:
4259:
4087:
4012:Grove Art Online
3997:The Story of Art
3977:Franits, Wayne,
3956:
3955:
3932:
3926:
3925:
3917:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3906:
3892:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3881:
3867:
3861:
3860:
3854:
3846:
3844:
3842:
3826:
3820:
3817:
3811:
3808:
3802:
3799:
3793:
3792:Orenstein, 67–84
3790:
3781:
3775:
3769:
3766:
3760:
3746:
3740:
3723:
3717:
3711:
3705:
3702:
3696:
3693:
3687:
3684:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3673:
3659:
3653:
3650:
3644:
3641:
3635:
3632:
3626:
3622:
3616:
3610:
3604:
3601:
3595:
3592:
3586:
3583:
3577:
3576:
3568:
3559:
3552:
3546:
3539:
3533:
3530:
3524:
3521:
3515:
3512:
3506:
3503:
3497:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3477:
3469:
3461:
3452:
3449:
3440:
3439:
3431:
3425:
3422:
3416:
3413:
3407:
3404:
3398:
3395:
3389:
3382:
3376:
3373:
3367:
3364:
3355:
3352:
3346:
3343:
3337:
3334:
3328:
3325:
3319:
3316:
3310:
3307:
3301:
3298:
3277:
3274:
3265:
3246:
3240:
3237:
3231:
3220:
3214:
3211:
3205:
3202:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3146:
3140:
3139:
3134:. Archived from
3117:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3068:
3062:
3061:Orenstein, 63–64
3059:
2964:Andrei Tarkovsky
2927:Jesse Bullington
2914:and featured in
2849:The Seed Cutters
2649:The Storm at Sea
2499:Royal Collection
2407:Lobkowicz Palace
2129:Children's Games
2002:Children's Games
1958:
1938:
1918:
1898:
1883:
1860:The Rabbit Hunt,
1820:David Vinckboons
1817:
1814:
1732:Abraham Ortelius
1724:Royal Collection
1721:
1663:Abraham Brueghel
1551:Anna Brueghel x
1375:
1374:
1359:
1352:
1345:
1336:
1233:Hieronymus Bosch
1177:
1174:
1135:
1134:
1096:Lobkowicz Palace
1002:Large Landscapes
949:
928:
907:
883:
788:Children's Games
736:Children's Games
675:Council of Trent
605:(1564–1638) and
597:, in effect the
555:Large Landscapes
434:Karel van Mander
365:Andrei Tarkovsky
317:, known for his
313:, a painter and
308:
307: 1525–1530
305:
301:
300:
299:
293:
288:
281:
276:
275:
272:
271:
268:
265:
262:
259:
256:
249:
238:
233:
232:
229:
228:
225:
222:
219:
216:
213:
149:
121:
114:Duchy of Brabant
105:
103:
88:
81:
80: 1525–1530
78:
59:
56:
46:
32:
21:
5022:
5021:
5017:
5016:
5015:
5013:
5012:
5011:
4922:
4921:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4903:
4900:
4889:
4882:
4879:
4868:
4861:
4858:
4855:The Hay Harvest
4847:
4842:
4836:
4829:
4826:
4815:
4808:
4805:
4784:
4778:
4748:
4743:
4681:
4662:
4653:
4647:
4632:The Misanthrope
4592:
4529:
4498:
4475:The Hay Harvest
4363:
4291:
4286:
4223:
4181:Silver, Larry,
4178:
4176:Further reading
4108:Silver, Larry,
4084:
4065:
3964:
3959:
3952:
3934:
3933:
3929:
3919:
3918:
3914:
3904:
3902:
3894:
3893:
3889:
3879:
3877:
3869:
3868:
3864:
3847:
3840:
3838:
3831:"deredactie.be"
3828:
3827:
3823:
3818:
3814:
3809:
3805:
3800:
3796:
3791:
3784:
3776:
3772:
3767:
3763:
3748:Braham, Helen,
3747:
3743:
3724:
3720:
3712:
3708:
3704:Snyder, 484–485
3703:
3699:
3694:
3690:
3685:
3681:
3671:
3669:
3661:
3660:
3656:
3651:
3647:
3642:
3638:
3633:
3629:
3623:
3619:
3611:
3607:
3602:
3598:
3593:
3589:
3584:
3580:
3570:
3569:
3562:
3553:
3549:
3540:
3536:
3531:
3527:
3522:
3518:
3513:
3509:
3504:
3500:
3491:
3487:
3470:
3463:
3462:
3455:
3450:
3443:
3433:
3432:
3428:
3423:
3419:
3414:
3410:
3405:
3401:
3396:
3392:
3383:
3379:
3374:
3370:
3365:
3358:
3353:
3349:
3344:
3340:
3336:Orenstein, 5, 7
3335:
3331:
3326:
3322:
3317:
3313:
3308:
3304:
3299:
3280:
3275:
3268:
3247:
3243:
3238:
3234:
3221:
3217:
3212:
3208:
3203:
3199:
3189:
3187:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3161:
3159:
3148:
3147:
3143:
3119:
3118:
3114:
3104:
3102:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3030:
2960:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2744:
2739:
2673:Museo del Prado
2644:, New York City
2570:The Misanthrope
2530:Alte Pinakothek
2401:The Hay Harvest
2327:The Hay Harvest
2223:Museo del Prado
2116:Alte Pinakothek
2064:Twelve Proverbs
2034:
2024:Museo del Prado
1977:
1970:
1959:
1950:
1939:
1930:
1919:
1910:
1899:
1890:
1884:
1845:
1818:/6 – 1638) and
1815:
1809:Adriaen Brouwer
1719:
1707:
1369:
1366:Brueghel family
1363:
1333:
1277:Mayken Verhulst
1273:
1183:Hieronymus Cock
1175:
1162:
1091:The Hay Harvest
1034:
994:Hieronymus Cock
989:world landscape
969:
962:
950:
941:
929:
920:
908:
899:
893:Alte Pinakothek
884:
758:genre paintings
715:
710:
665:and widespread
623:
567:
559:Hieronymus Cock
529:Reggio Calabria
517:
509:Mayken Verhulst
421:Hieronymus Cock
410:
405:
306:
296:
295:
294:
286:
279:
253:
244:
243:
236:
210:
206:
147:
128:
120:
107:
101:
99:
91:
82:
79:
75:
74:
64:
57:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5020:
5018:
5010:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4952:Bruegel family
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4924:
4923:
4917:
4916:
4912:
4911:
4892:
4890:
4876:The Harvesters
4871:
4869:
4850:
4848:
4839:
4837:
4823:The Gloomy Day
4818:
4816:
4797:
4795:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4779:
4777:
4776:
4769:
4762:
4754:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4718:
4716:Son en Breugel
4713:
4708:
4702:
4696:
4689:
4687:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4679:
4670:
4668:
4664:
4663:
4656:
4654:
4652:
4651:
4636:
4628:
4620:
4612:
4604:
4596:
4581:
4573:
4565:
4557:
4549:
4541:
4533:
4518:
4510:
4502:
4487:
4479:
4471:
4467:The Harvesters
4463:
4459:The Gloomy Day
4455:
4447:
4439:
4431:
4430:(1563 or 1567)
4423:
4415:
4407:
4399:
4391:
4383:
4375:
4367:
4352:
4345:
4337:
4329:
4321:
4313:
4305:
4299:
4297:
4293:
4292:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4277:
4270:
4262:
4256:
4255:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4229:
4222:
4221:External links
4219:
4218:
4217:
4210:
4203:
4196:
4186:
4183:Pieter Bruegel
4177:
4174:
4173:
4172:
4155:
4141:
4124:
4106:
4089:
4082:
4063:
4046:
4032:
4018:
4008:
3992:Gombrich, E.H.
3989:
3975:
3968:Clark, Kenneth
3963:
3960:
3958:
3957:
3950:
3936:Heaney, Seamus
3927:
3912:
3887:
3862:
3821:
3812:
3803:
3794:
3782:
3770:
3768:Wied, 144, 186
3761:
3741:
3718:
3706:
3697:
3688:
3679:
3654:
3645:
3636:
3627:
3617:
3605:
3596:
3587:
3578:
3560:
3547:
3534:
3525:
3516:
3507:
3498:
3485:
3453:
3441:
3426:
3417:
3408:
3399:
3390:
3377:
3368:
3356:
3347:
3338:
3329:
3320:
3311:
3302:
3278:
3266:
3254:Son en Breugel
3241:
3232:
3215:
3206:
3197:
3169:
3141:
3112:
3081:
3063:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3029:
3026:
2983:Lars von Trier
2959:
2956:
2858:In Parenthesis
2776:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2727:
2718:
2715:British Museum
2708:
2695:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2653:
2645:
2633:
2625:
2613:
2601:
2593:
2581:
2566:
2551:
2536:
2521:
2490:
2482:
2470:
2455:
2446:
2434:
2433:
2432:
2423:
2414:The Harvesters
2410:
2397:
2392:The Gloomy Day
2388:
2373:
2351:The Harvesters
2319:
2318:
2307:
2295:
2279:
2267:
2252:
2244:
2229:
2214:
2199:
2165:
2164:
2152:
2140:
2125:
2119:
2109:
2094:
2091:The Blue Cloak
2087:Gemäldegalerie
2080:
2072:
2060:
2045:
2042:Maarten de Vos
1976:
1975:Selected works
1973:
1972:
1971:
1960:
1953:
1951:
1940:
1933:
1931:
1920:
1913:
1911:
1900:
1893:
1891:
1885:
1878:
1844:
1841:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1667:
1665:
1660:
1658:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1549:
1547:
1542:
1540:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1442:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1371:
1370:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1354:
1347:
1339:
1272:
1269:
1206:The Dirty Wife
1161:
1158:
1153:The Harvesters
1126:books of hours
1117:Joseph Koerner
1105:The Harvesters
1065:The Gloomy Day
1050:works, with a
1033:
1030:
968:
965:
964:
963:
951:
944:
942:
930:
923:
921:
909:
902:
900:
885:
878:
875:
874:
799:Little Ice Age
778:The Blue Cloak
714:
711:
709:
706:
702:Dutch Republic
657:and began the
622:
619:
566:
563:
516:
513:
499:Peeter Baltens
450:Schilder-boeck
409:
406:
404:
401:
381:Lars von Trier
327:genre painting
191:Pieter Bruegel
186:
185:
180:
176:
175:
150:
144:
143:
134:
133:Known for
130:
129:
108:
97:
93:
92:
83:
73:Pieter Bruegel
72:
70:
66:
65:
47:
39:
38:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5019:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4909:
4907:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4881:
4878:
4877:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4860:
4857:
4856:
4849:
4846:
4845:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4828:
4825:
4824:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4796:
4793:
4792:
4787:
4783:
4775:
4770:
4768:
4763:
4761:
4756:
4755:
4752:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4734:9664 Brueghel
4732:
4730:
4727:
4724:
4723:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4706:
4703:
4700:
4697:
4694:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4684:
4677:
4676:
4672:
4671:
4669:
4665:
4660:
4642:
4641:
4637:
4634:
4633:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4621:
4618:
4617:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4605:
4602:
4601:
4597:
4587:
4586:
4582:
4579:
4578:
4574:
4571:
4570:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4558:
4555:
4554:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4542:
4539:
4538:
4534:
4524:
4523:
4519:
4516:
4515:
4511:
4508:
4507:
4503:
4493:
4492:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4480:
4477:
4476:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4456:
4453:
4452:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4432:
4429:
4428:
4424:
4421:
4420:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4376:
4373:
4372:
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4127:Snyder, James
4125:
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4119:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4105:
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4023:
4019:
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4013:
4009:
4007:
4006:0 7148 1841 0
4003:
3999:
3998:
3993:
3990:
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3427:
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3418:
3412:
3409:
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3400:
3394:
3391:
3387:
3381:
3378:
3372:
3369:
3363:
3361:
3357:
3351:
3348:
3342:
3339:
3333:
3330:
3324:
3321:
3318:Orenstein, 64
3315:
3312:
3306:
3303:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3279:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3250:Bree, Belgium
3245:
3242:
3236:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3219:
3216:
3210:
3207:
3201:
3198:
3185:
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3170:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3145:
3142:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3127:
3122:
3116:
3113:
3101:
3100:HarperCollins
3097:
3096:
3091:
3085:
3082:
3077:
3073:
3067:
3064:
3058:
3055:
3049:
3045:
3042:
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3037:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3008:
3003:
3002:
2996:
2994:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2924:
2919:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2895:
2894:
2890:in his novel
2889:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2865:Michael Frayn
2862:
2860:
2859:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2845:Seamus Heaney
2842:
2840:
2836:
2835:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2793:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2763:
2759:His painting
2754:
2753:
2748:
2742:In literature
2741:
2736:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2698:Ass at School
2696:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
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2662:
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2576:
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2500:
2496:
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2374:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2341:
2340:Prague Castle
2337:
2333:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2317:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2296:
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2258:
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2250:
2249:
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2209:
2205:
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2198:
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2179:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2162:
2158:
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2146:
2145:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2084:
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2078:
2077:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2025:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2008:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1957:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1944:
1937:
1932:
1929:
1925:
1924:
1917:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1897:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1837:landscape art
1832:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1810:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1798:
1788:
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1782:
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1331:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1290:
1289:Chapel Church
1286:
1282:
1278:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
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1226:
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1203:
1199:
1194:
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1188:
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1092:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1057:
1056:Danube School
1053:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1005:
1003:
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995:
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983:
979:
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973:
966:
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948:
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845:
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826:
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820:
816:
812:
811:
806:
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800:
796:
795:
790:
789:
784:
780:
779:
775:, originally
774:
773:
768:
762:
759:
751:
750:
745:
738:
737:
732:
725:
724:
719:
712:
707:
705:
703:
697:
695:
691:
687:
682:
680:
676:
672:
671:Low Countries
668:
664:
660:
656:
655:
650:
649:Martin Luther
646:
642:
633:
632:
627:
620:
618:
614:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
587:Mayken Coecke
583:
581:
577:
573:
564:
562:
560:
556:
548:
544:
540:
538:
537:Giulio Clovio
534:
530:
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522:
514:
512:
510:
506:
505:
500:
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489:
485:
481:
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388:
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372:
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366:
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354:
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344:
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324:
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316:
312:
298:
292:
284:
283:
274:
247:
241:
240:
231:
204:
200:
196:
192:
184:
181:
177:
174:
173:
168:
167:
162:
161:
156:
155:
151:
145:
142:
138:
135:
131:
125:
119:
115:
111:
98:
94:
87:
71:
67:
63:
62:self-portrait
52:
51:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
4942:1520s births
4895:
4894:
4893:
4874:
4873:
4872:
4853:
4852:
4851:
4843:
4840:
4821:
4820:
4819:
4800:
4799:
4798:
4781:
4720:
4673:
4638:
4630:
4622:
4614:
4606:
4598:
4583:
4575:
4567:
4559:
4551:
4543:
4535:
4520:
4512:
4504:
4489:
4481:
4473:
4465:
4457:
4449:
4441:
4433:
4425:
4417:
4409:
4401:
4393:
4385:
4377:
4369:
4354:
4347:
4339:
4331:
4323:
4315:
4307:
4288:
4235:
4213:
4206:
4202:, 2016, Yale
4199:
4192:
4182:
4161:
4144:
4130:
4122:Google Books
4109:
4095:
4092:Simon Schama
4088:fully online
4068:
4052:
4035:
4021:
3995:
3978:
3971:
3940:
3930:
3921:
3915:
3903:. Retrieved
3899:
3890:
3878:. Retrieved
3874:
3865:
3839:. Retrieved
3835:the original
3824:
3815:
3806:
3797:
3773:
3764:
3749:
3744:
3729:
3721:
3709:
3700:
3691:
3682:
3670:. Retrieved
3666:
3657:
3648:
3639:
3630:
3620:
3608:
3599:
3590:
3581:
3572:
3555:
3550:
3542:
3537:
3528:
3519:
3510:
3501:
3493:
3488:
3465:
3451:Franits, 203
3435:
3429:
3420:
3411:
3402:
3397:Orenstein, 7
3393:
3380:
3371:
3350:
3341:
3332:
3323:
3314:
3305:
3244:
3235:
3218:
3213:Orenstein, 5
3209:
3200:
3188:. Retrieved
3181:
3172:
3160:. Retrieved
3153:
3144:
3136:the original
3124:
3115:
3103:. Retrieved
3093:
3084:
3075:
3066:
3057:
3021:Museum Hours
3019:
3012:Rutger Hauer
3005:
2999:
2997:
2992:
2986:
2980:
2973:
2967:
2961:
2949:
2943:
2940:Sylvia Plath
2937:
2930:
2922:
2920:
2915:
2912:Tobias Wolff
2901:
2891:
2885:
2879:
2874:
2868:
2863:
2856:
2852:
2843:
2832:
2830:
2822:
2810:
2807:Nicolas Roeg
2796:
2777:
2760:
2758:
2750:
2729:
2720:
2710:
2697:
2689:
2666:
2660:
2647:
2635:
2627:
2615:
2603:
2595:
2583:
2568:
2553:
2538:
2523:
2492:
2484:
2472:
2457:
2448:
2436:
2425:
2416:(Aug.-Sept.)
2412:
2399:
2390:
2381:
2375:
2363:
2349:
2325:
2309:
2297:
2281:
2269:
2254:
2246:
2231:
2216:
2201:
2185:
2171:
2154:
2142:
2127:
2121:
2111:
2096:
2090:
2074:
2062:
2047:
2037:
2017:
2000:
1983:
1961:
1941:
1921:
1901:
1886:
1859:
1857:
1846:
1833:
1823:
1806:
1801:
1795:
1792:
1784:
1773:
1764:
1752:
1748:oil painting
1729:
1713:
1384:
1332:
1313:
1308:
1293:
1274:
1261:Jacob Savery
1253:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1214:block-cutter
1205:
1195:
1190:
1187:Four Seasons
1186:
1180:
1168:
1151:
1145:
1142:
1120:
1110:
1103:
1089:
1075:
1069:
1063:
1048:
1040:
1025:genre figure
1018:
1008:
1006:
1001:
986:
975:
952:
931:
910:
886:
867:
862:
858:
848:
846:
839:
835:
829:
827:
818:
814:
808:
802:
792:
786:
776:
770:
767:iconographic
763:
755:
747:
734:
721:
698:
683:
652:
651:created his
641:Michelangelo
637:
629:
615:
584:
571:
568:
554:
552:
546:
518:
502:
492:
479:
476:
468:
458:
448:
442:
430:
424:
394:
390:
384:
374:
368:
350:
348:
331:
202:
198:
194:
190:
189:
170:
164:
158:
152:
148:Notable work
122:(modern-day
48:
29:
4947:1569 deaths
4901:(Oct.–Nov.)
4880:(Aug.–Sep.)
4859:(Jun.–Jul.)
4827:(Feb.–Mar.)
4806:(Dec.–Jan.)
4725:(2011 film)
4648: 1569
4600:The Beggars
4593: 1567
4530: 1565
4499: 1565
4387:Two Monkeys
4364: 1562
4320:(1558–1562)
4049:Hugh Honour
3841:12 November
3309:Wied, 19–20
2988:Melancholia
2972:(1972) and
2910:written by
2882:Don Delillo
2834:Two Monkeys
2824:Two Monkeys
2771:W. H. Auden
2515:Upton House
2477:, c. 1566,
2429:(Oct.–Nov.)
2403:(June–July)
2394:(Feb.–Mar.)
2385:(Dec.–Jan.)
2292:Upton House
2259:, c. 1563,
2236:, c. 1563,
2221:, c. 1562,
2203:Two Monkeys
2022:(c. 1562),
1923:Dulle Griet
1816: 1605
1257:Hans Mielke
1241:The Virtues
1176: 1568
1128:(e.g., the
1052:genre scene
690:Inquisition
611:Kapellekerk
580:blackletter
386:Melancholia
373:(1972) and
361:W. H. Auden
141:printmaking
58: 1565
4926:Categories
4844:(Apr.–May)
4707:(grandson)
4170:0948462469
4153:0289709741
4139:0136235964
4118:0812222113
4104:0006863485
4061:0333371852
4044:3822815314
4030:0297835122
3987:0300102372
3962:References
3758:0904563049
3738:0500232326
3406:Wied, 9–10
3178:"Brueghel"
3150:"Brueghel"
3090:"Brueghel"
2975:The Mirror
2893:Underworld
2702:Print room
2549:Winterthur
2422:, New York
2376:The Months
2358:, New York
2163:, Brussels
2122:Temperance
2030:See also:
1864:engravings
1763:Courtauld
1740:drolleries
1322:. Through
1169:Beekeepers
998:engravings
823:allegories
679:determined
663:iconoclasm
408:Early life
376:The Mirror
319:landscapes
315:printmaker
102:1569-09-09
4841:Missing
4395:Dull Gret
4296:Paintings
3905:20 August
3880:20 August
3672:20 August
3474:cite book
3258:Eindhoven
3190:10 August
3162:10 August
3121:"Bruegel"
3105:10 August
3072:"Bruegel"
2981:Director
2925:, author
2867:'s novel
2573:, 1568,
2564:Darmstadt
2513:, and at
2481:, Detroit
2336:Lobkowicz
2294:, Banbury
2288:grisaille
2286:, 1564, (
2265:Rotterdam
2071:, Antwerp
2058:San Diego
1829:Jan Steen
1770:Rudolf II
1265:Amsterdam
1249:Albertina
1015:Courtauld
897:Cockaigne
783:aphorisms
504:grisaille
417:Engraving
203:the Elder
84:probably
4667:Drawings
3851:cite web
3819:Wied, 17
3594:Wied, 36
3028:See also
2978:(1975).
2870:Headlong
2717:, London
2640:, 1568,
2620:, 1568,
2612:, Vienna
2608:, 1568,
2592:, Naples
2588:, 1568,
2558:, 1568,
2543:, 1567,
2528:, 1567,
2468:Brussels
2462:, 1566,
2451:, 1566,
2445:, London
2441:(1565),
2418:, 1565,
2405:, 1565,
2368:, 1565,
2330:(1565),
2314:, 1564,
2306:, Vienna
2302:, 1564,
2278:, London
2274:, 1563,
2206:, 1562,
2191:, 1562,
2147:, 1560,
2132:, 1560,
2118:, Munich
2114:, 1560,
2101:, 1559,
2085:, 1559,
2067:, 1558,
2052:, 1557,
2026:, Madrid
2009:, Vienna
2005:(1560),
1992:, Vienna
1926:(1563),
1906:(1562),
1868:etchings
1283:, their
1198:etchings
957:(1568),
936:(1568),
919:, Vienna
915:(1568),
891:(1567),
713:Peasants
708:Subjects
599:Habsburg
591:Brussels
576:humanist
495:Mechelen
488:humanist
199:Breughel
195:Brueghel
179:Movement
137:Painting
110:Brussels
4686:Related
4145:Bruegel
3222:Grove;
2993:Solaris
2969:Solaris
2958:In film
2880:Author
2624:, Paris
2519:Banbury
2242:Antwerp
1988:(1559)
1202:woodcut
1191:oeuvres
572:Bruegel
370:Solaris
339:Antwerp
323:peasant
124:Belgium
4678:(1565)
4635:(1568)
4627:(1568)
4619:(1568)
4611:(1568)
4603:(1568)
4580:(1567)
4572:(1567)
4564:(1567)
4556:(1566)
4548:(1566)
4540:(1566)
4532:–1567)
4517:(1565)
4509:(1565)
4501:–1568)
4486:(1565)
4478:(1565)
4470:(1565)
4462:(1565)
4454:(1565)
4446:(1564)
4438:(1564)
4422:(1563)
4414:(1563)
4406:(1563)
4398:(1563)
4390:(1562)
4382:(1562)
4374:(1562)
4344:(1560)
4336:(1559)
4328:(1559)
4312:(1557)
4209:, 2007
4185:, 2011
4168:
4151:
4137:
4116:
4102:
4080:
4059:
4042:
4028:
4004:
3985:
3948:
3756:
3736:
3260:– see
3126:Lexico
2875:Months
2677:Madrid
2622:Louvre
2579:Naples
2534:Munich
2227:Madrid
2212:Berlin
2197:Vienna
2159:1562,
2151:, Rome
2138:Vienna
2124:, 1560
2107:Vienna
1853:Vienna
1824:kermis
1802:Spring
1777:1668.
1774:Months
1736:Vasari
1720:
1271:Family
1225:Spring
1102:; and
1100:Prague
1086:Vienna
1000:, the
959:Louvre
739:, 1560
533:Sicily
515:Travel
473:, 1568
427:, 1558
343:prints
287:Dutch:
193:(also
4701:(son)
4695:(son)
3715:p. 30
3300:Grove
3050:Notes
2938:Poet
2801:" by
2769:" by
2511:Sibiu
2505:, at
1843:Works
1718:, (c.
1247:(now
455:Breda
359:" by
248:also
86:Breda
4166:ISBN
4149:ISBN
4135:ISBN
4114:ISBN
4100:ISBN
4078:ISBN
4057:ISBN
4040:ISBN
4026:ISBN
4002:ISBN
3983:ISBN
3946:ISBN
3907:2020
3882:2020
3857:link
3843:2009
3754:ISBN
3734:ISBN
3674:2020
3480:link
3192:2019
3164:2019
3107:2019
1866:and
1368:tree
1299:and
1239:and
861:and
834:and
807:and
643:and
525:Rome
480:dorp
459:dorp
403:Life
321:and
282:-gəl
280:BROO
239:-gəl
237:BROY
96:Died
69:Born
3625:70.
3262:RKD
2290:),
1851:in
1098:in
1084:in
589:in
423:,
197:or
4928::
4645:c.
4590:c.
4527:c.
4496:c.
4361:c.
4234:—
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4094:,
4076:.
4072:.
3994:,
3970:,
3898:.
3873:.
3853:}}
3849:{{
3785:^
3728:;
3665:.
3563:^
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3472:{{
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3281:^
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3180:.
3152:.
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3123:.
3098:.
3092:.
3074:.
2954:.
2918:.
2773::
2704:,
2675:,
2671:,
2577:,
2562:,
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2532:,
2517:,
2509:,
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2466:,
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2263:,
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2056:,
1813:c.
1804:.
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1173:c.
1171:,
1088:;
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696:.
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304:c.
302:;
285:;
270:əl
264:uː
246:US
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