475:
with their hard hats. Attorneys, bankers and investment analysts from nearby Wall Street investment firms tried to protect many of the students but were themselves attacked. Onlookers reported that the police stood by and did nothing. A postal worker rushed onto the roof of City Hall and raised the
American flag to full mast. When city workers lowered the flag to half-mast, the construction workers stormed City Hall, overwhelming the police. Deputy Mayor Richard Aurelio, fearing the building would be overrun by the mob, ordered city workers to raise the flag back to full mast. The construction workers then ripped the
1584:
1841:
2437:
246:
569:, who had played a critical role in securing limited labor support for Nixon. Colson told Brennan that Nixon would appoint the Under Secretary and Assistant Secretary, but Brennan would have a free hand in appointing all other political positions if they provided unwavering support for administration policies. The Labor Department, Colson said, was "infested" with disloyal appointees and Brennan was to "clean house." Brennan agreed to every condition. The
228:
536:, which provides that construction workers on federal projects receive union wages. Brennan accused the administration of treating the construction workers as "patsies." Brennan called himself a Democrat but often supported Republicans for office. Despite the setback on Davis-Bacon, Brennan met Nixon again in April 1971 and offered to support his bid for re-election in return for the federal government adopting the New York Plan.
470:
for the four dead students at Kent State. By late morning, the protesters—now numbering more than a thousand—were demanding an end to the war in
Vietnam and Cambodia, the release of "political prisoners" in the U.S., and an end to military-related research on all university campuses. At five minutes to noon, about 200 construction workers converged on the student rally at
436:
administration to his way of thinking. The
Lindsay administration stated that it wanted 4,000 minority trainees as part of the plan, but Brennan wanted no more than 1,000 trainees. Schultz warned labor leaders that the federal government would implement the Philadelphia Plan in 18 cities if suitable local plans were not implemented quickly.
580:, expanding the minimum wage to cover more workers, significant improvement in unemployment benefits, enhanced workplace safety, and worker training programs. But once in office, Brennan promoted a plan to raise the minimum wages in small increments over four years with no increase in the number of covered workers.
607:
In response, Brennan issued a directive forbidding local authorities from exceeding the requirements of approved hometown plans and required states and cities to obtain the approval of the
Secretary of Labor for plans affecting federal contracts. Furthermore, he froze federal funding for all building
474:
from four directions. At first, the construction workers only pushed but did not break the thin line of police. After just two minutes, however, the workers broke through the police line and began chasing students through the streets. The workers selected those with the longest hair and swatted them
631:
Peter
Brennan returned to his union position in March 1975 and retired in 1992. Brennan succeeded in negotiating wages rises and expanding training and job opportunities. Civil rights advocates criticized him for not having taken enough action against the discrimination of Black and Hispanic workers
524:
Brennan was granted a private audience with Nixon on Labor Day when 70 labor leaders from across the US were invited to a Labor Day dinner. Shortly after, Governor
Rockefeller, Mayor Lindsay and Brennan announced the New York Planning for Training, which specified a goal of 800 trainees, rather than
469:
Brennan organized a rally of construction workers to show support for Nixon's
Vietnam policies and American soldiers fighting in Vietnam. At 7:30 a.m. on May 8, several hundred anti-war protesters (most of them high school and college students) began holding a memorial at Broad and Wall Streets
364:
Brennan was elected president of the
Building and Construction Trades Council of Greater New York in 1957 and president of the Building and Construction Trades Council of New York. He also served as the vice president of the New York City Central Labor Council and the New York State AFL-CIO. These
415:
In 1968, the
Lindsay administration issued Executive Order 1971, which required city contractors to sign a non-discriminatory hiring action plan and develop affirmative action plans. If the contractors did not comply with the executive order, they could not bid for city work. Brennan was strongly
560:
President Nixon appointed Peter
Brennan as his Labor Secretary as a reward for his support and to try to consolidate his support amongst union members. Colson recruited Brennan for the post of Labor Secretary days after the November election. In a three-hour meeting, Colson told Brennan that he
411:
activists, reformers and the media wanted to open up opportunities for minorities. A study by the New York City Commission on Human Rights in 1967 found that minority membership in the six most highly skilled building trades was only 2 percent and had not changed since 1960. The reform coalition
495:, for a protest rally on May 9. Many organizations claim that Peter Brennan provoked the construction workers into action. At least one eyewitness described two men in grey suits using hand signals to direct the construction workers during the riot The disturbances on May 8 became known as the
435:
In February 1970, the Labor Department announced that it would support local construction industry affirmative action hiring plans provided that they were consistent with the Philadelphia Plan. Brennan was having a great deal of trouble persuading either the Department of Labor or the Lindsay
291:. Brennan had previously been the president of both the Building and Construction Trades Council of Greater New York and the Building and Construction Trades Council of New York, and he returned to the former position after leaving the Ford administration. He was a strong opponent of
491:, breaking windows with clubs and crowbars and beating students. More than 70 people were injured, including four policemen. Six people were arrested. President Nixon held an emergency press conference to defuse the situation before tens of thousands of students arrived in
544:
and his leftist views on domestic policies. On July 19, the AFL-CIO refused to endorse McGovern as President. Meany told Nixon in late July that he was going to win in a landslide and that he was not going to waste AFL-CIO money supporting McGovern's candidacy.
539:
Brennan delivered on his word for Nixon in 1972. After a meeting with construction unions in 1972, Nixon wrote in his diary of labor leaders having "character and guts and a bit of patriotism." Labor leadership were also alienated by the Democratic candidate
599:
Brennan also stalled on affirmative action plans in the building industry, especially the New York Plan. By August 1972, only 534 minority workers had received training, and only 34 had received union cards under the New York Plan. In 1973,
622:
instituted a general housecleaning among Cabinet officers, and asked Brennan to resign. Brennan did so on February 6, 1975, leaving in March. Ford offered to nominate Brennan to be ambassador to Ireland, but Brennan declined the offer.
591:
supported and Congress passed legislation to protect worker pensions, expand workplace rights of the disabled, improve enforcement of occupational safety and health laws, and improve benefits for workers left jobless by changes in
521:, "If we can follow through on the good start we have, the labor vote can be ours in 1972." That would be a critical blow to the Democratic nominee for President, as labor was normally an essential part of the Democrat coalition.
427:
in the summer of 1969 to increase minority membership of skilled building trades to twenty per cent within five years. Brennan and the skilled labor unions were determined to stop the introduction of such a system. They persuaded
42:
608:
work in New York City until the city returned to the New York Plan. The federal government won the ensuing legal battle, and New York City's fiscal crisis meant that it had to abandon its affirmative action plans.
358:. Brennan's career as a union official started when he was elected business manager of Local 1456 in 1947. In 1951, he became the director of the New York Building Trades Council's Maintenance Division.
548:
Nixon duly won in a landslide, carrying New York easily with the support of the vast majority of building and construction workers in that state, who, four years, earlier had voted overwhelmingly for
2785:
2256:
514:
was put in charge of developing a strategy to win union support for Nixon in the 1972 presidential election. Brennan was identified as a friendly leader of the labor movement for cultivation.
2676:
2141:
365:
positions were influential both in the labour movement and politically. The Construction Trades Council represented 250,000 members from 18 locals and had close ties to New York
361:
Brennan married the former Josephine Brickley in 1940, (she died in 1987). The couple had one son, Peter Joseph Brennan, Jr., and two daughters, Joan Brennan and Peggy Brennan.
2651:
2110:
668:
1426:
1583:
615:
meant that the Nixon administration was unable to do much other than focus on survival. Brennan was unable to develop new initiatives during Nixon's truncated second term.
632:
by the building unions; Brennan defended himself arguing that it had not been possible to act faster due to the resistance of the traditionally white construction trades.
407:
pledging to take on special interests, including the building and construction unions. In the late 1960s, a diverse coalition of business leaders, construction companies,
2974:
336:
299:
of May 8, 1970, where construction workers violently attacked student anti-war protesters, Brennan was wooed by the Nixon administration as a potential supporter in the
432:, President of the AFL-CIO and a former plumbing union official in New York City, to sponsor Congressional and legal challenges to the plans, but these efforts failed.
2766:
2959:
1550:
295:
measures to increase the number of minority construction workers. After organizing a demonstration in support of the Nixon administration that turned into the
2964:
412:
thought the low entry into the building trades increased building costs above the market rate and cost New York City millions of dollars in increased costs.
2954:
2969:
2939:
561:
would have to defend unpopular administration policies, abide by administration policy decisions, and keep Labor Department officials from investigating
604:, who had become a Democrat, withdrew from the New York Plan and set a new objective to increase minority representation in the building trades to 25%.
1162:
2701:
2166:
2944:
2949:
2533:
2464:
1998:
1874:
1773:
502:
Brennan led a second rally on May 20 in which more than 20,000 construction workers announced their support for Nixon's Southeast Asia policies.
2564:
2375:
2023:
888:
1533:
1046:
1435:
584:, the president of the AFL-CIO, was outraged and rarely mentioned Brennan's name or spoke to him again during Brennan's tenure in office.
2589:
2411:
2048:
1809:
644:
1016:
2483:
1911:
1423:
860:
825:
776:
762:
692:
466:. As a show of sympathy for the dead students, Mayor Lindsay ordered all flags at City Hall to be flown at half mast the same day.
2620:
2445:
2079:
1979:
1849:
1592:
1542:
1482:
1459:
480:
404:
373:
300:
277:
177:
54:
2741:
2225:
2206:
2508:
2388:
1942:
1786:
484:
471:
281:
1882:
552:. In return for his support, Brennan succeeded in having an audit of the New York Plan deferred until after the election.
2715:
2384:
1782:
2934:
1766:
332:
2841:
2816:
2368:
2287:
576:
American labor leaders were initially happy with Brennan's appointment. He was an outspoken advocate for a higher
2313:
2118:
1568:
1690:
1526:
510:
On May 26, 1970, Brennan led a delegation of 22 union leaders to meet Nixon and to present him with a hardhat.
203:
324:
2799:
2301:
328:
517:
Colson wanted to recruit a senior trade unionist to serve in the administration. Colson wrote in a memo to
1759:
1620:
1600:
400:
2361:
1630:
648:
451:
372:
and leading politicians in New York City. During the 1960s, these unions were strong supporters of the
2929:
2924:
2690:
2491:
1931:
781:
Freeman, Joshua B. "Hardhats: Construction Workers, Manliness, and the 1970 Pro-War Demonstrations."
640:
588:
570:
159:
2890:
2873:
2547:
1956:
1558:
1519:
593:
351:
208:
2867:
2634:
2425:
2031:
1751:
1700:
1680:
1670:
1665:
1503:
872:
Perlmutter, Emanuel. "Head of Building Trades Unions Here Says Response Favors Friday's Action."
463:
369:
347:
292:
251:
103:
2353:
1050:
2849:
2774:
2755:
2684:
2659:
2640:
2609:
2597:
2325:
2270:
2239:
2155:
2130:
2124:
2093:
2068:
2062:
1962:
1925:
1857:
1655:
1635:
1563:
1475:
1333:
July 28, 1974; Herbers, "Ford Signs Bills to Spur New Jobs And Expand Unemployment Benefits,"
1170:
884:
856:
821:
772:
758:
688:
612:
566:
424:
91:
276:(May 24, 1918 – October 2, 1996) was an American labor activist and politician who served as
2898:
2805:
2665:
2553:
2516:
2472:
2149:
1987:
1968:
1950:
1900:
1730:
1645:
1625:
656:
636:
492:
420:
304:
163:
139:
1134:
Freeman, "Hardhats: Construction Workers, Manliness, and the 1970 Pro-War Demonstrations,"
2824:
2709:
2497:
2453:
2319:
2295:
2180:
1863:
1640:
1615:
1610:
1430:
680:
549:
541:
533:
488:
385:
377:
1147:
Perlmutter, "Head of Building Trades Unions Here Says Response Favors Friday's Action,"
844:
Naughton, James M. "Construction Union Chief in New York Is Chosen to Succeed Hodgson."
2578:
2522:
2214:
1695:
1605:
511:
381:
303:. His work for Nixon in that election was crucial in increasing the vote for Nixon in
2918:
2879:
2793:
2603:
2541:
2276:
2233:
2174:
2087:
2056:
2012:
1894:
1888:
1789:
1735:
1710:
1650:
1573:
1511:
1488:
795:
Herbers, John. "Ford Signs Bills to Spur New Jobs And Expand Unemployment Benefits."
529:
518:
496:
445:
316:
296:
284:
233:
167:
143:
135:
75:
928:
Stetson, Damon. "He Wants Wage Controls Ended and Unrestricted Bargaining Resumed."
17:
2861:
2337:
2307:
2264:
2006:
1919:
1705:
1675:
1444:
601:
581:
577:
429:
408:
396:
343:
261:
1454:
335:. While in college, he became an apprentice painter and joined Local 1456 of the
2830:
2391:
1829:
1817:
1740:
1720:
1715:
1492:
652:
619:
528:
The labor movement was angered in 1971 when the Nixon administration introduced
459:
288:
79:
1269:
Naughton, "Construction Union Chief in New York Is Chosen to Succeed Hodgson,"
921:
Stetson, Damon. "Brennan Reports Labor Leaders Favoring Nixon Are Organizing."
2855:
2331:
1685:
1299:
Stetson, "He Wants Wage Controls Ended and Unrestricted Bargaining Resumed,"
1236:
September 9, 1972; Stetson, "200 Labor Chiefs in City Form Nixon Committee,"
1174:
837:
McFadden, Robert D. "Peter Brennan, 78, Union Head and Nixon's Labor Chief."
2572:
2037:
1725:
1440:
1316:
April 11, 1973; Shabecoff, "Nixon Defends Brennan In Minimum-Wage Dispute,"
562:
476:
320:
1337:
January 1, 1975; Asbury, "Pension Controls Ease as U.S. Law Takes Effect,"
1449:
366:
1232:
Stetson, "Brennan Reports Labor Leaders Favoring Nixon Are Organizing,"
865:
Perlmutter, Emanuel. "Brennan Seeks Old Post, But He Faces Opposition."
704:
Bigart, Homer. "Huge City Hall Rally Backs Nixon's Indochina Policies."
2749:
2245:
697:
Asbury, Edith Evans. "Pension Controls Ease as U.S. Law Takes Effect."
280:
from February 2, 1973, until March 15, 1975, in the administrations of
1455:
Village Voice article on changing US labor movement approaches to wars
1273:
November 30, 1972; Shabecoff, "Brennan Choice Called Political Move,"
41:
1450:
Article of meeting between Nixon and Brennan after the hardhats riot
1077:
Skilled Hands, Strong Spirits: A Century of Building Trades History,
907:
Shabecoff, Philip. "Nixon Defends Brennan In Minimum-Wage Dispute."
853:
Skilled Hands, Strong Spirits: A Century of Building Trades History.
532:
as part of a package to try to control inflation and suspended the
1047:"U.S. Department of Labor - Labor Hall of Fame - Peter J. Brennan"
1206:
Bigart, "Huge City Hall Rally Backs Nixon's Indochina Policies,"
935:
Stetson, Damon. "200 Labor Chiefs in City Form Nixon Committee."
711:
Bigart, Homer. "War Foes Here Attacked By Construction Workers."
416:
opposed and promised to take action to have the order rescinded.
455:
355:
2733:
2403:
2357:
2198:
1801:
1755:
1515:
1406:
Perlmutter, "Brennan Seeks Old Post, But He Faces Opposition,"
573:
confirmed him, and Brennan assumed office on February 2, 1973.
893:
Semple, Jr., Robert B. "Nixon Meets Heads Of 2 City Unions."
900:
Shabecoff, Philip. "Brennan Choice Called Political Move."
323:. He graduated from Commerce High School, then received a
1350:
Delaney, Paul. "U.S. Set to Restrict State Hiring Plans."
1193:
Bigart, "War Foes Here Attacked By Construction Workers,"
739:
Delaney, Paul. "U.S. Set to Restrict State Hiring Plans."
809:
Kifner, John. "4 Kent State Students Killed by Troops."
771:
Paperback ed. New York: International Publishers, 1989.
914:
Shabecoff, Philip. "$ 230 Wage Base By '76 Proposed."
746:
Farrell, William. "NAACP to Fight U.S. Hiring Order."
1393:
January 3, 1975; "Labor Secretary Resigns His Post,"
1017:
Peter Brennan, 78, Union Head and Nixon's Labor Chief
669:
Building and Construction Trades Department, AFL-CIO
319:
in 1918. His father was an ironworker who died from
2889:
2840:
2815:
2784:
2765:
2740:
2700:
2675:
2650:
2619:
2588:
2563:
2532:
2507:
2482:
2463:
2444:
2410:
2286:
2255:
2224:
2205:
2165:
2140:
2109:
2078:
2047:
2022:
1997:
1978:
1941:
1910:
1873:
1848:
1808:
1591:
1549:
820:Paperback ed. New York: W.W. Norton and Co., 1990.
802:Johnson, Rudy. "City Sees Threat In Brennan Memo."
257:
239:
221:
216:
199:
191:
183:
173:
149:
118:
113:
97:
85:
71:
52:
32:
1329:"Brennan Is Reactivating Unit on Labor Training,"
1088:Kifner, "4 Kent State Students Killed by Troops,"
718:"Brennan Is Reactivating Unit on Labor Training."
1163:"War Foes Here Attacked By Construction Workers"
450:On May 4, 1970, four students were shot dead at
419:The Nixon Administration, under Labor Secretary
2742:Director of the Office of Management and Budget
2226:Director of the Office of Management and Budget
1312:Shabecoff, "$ 230 Wage Base By '76 Proposed,"
1219:Semple, "Nixon Meets Heads Of 2 City Unions,"
639:on October 2, 1996, at his daughter's home in
2369:
1767:
1527:
1376:Farrell, "NAACP to Fight U.S. Hiring Order,"
1363:Johnson, "City Sees Threat In Brennan Memo,"
685:Nixon: the Triumph of a Politician 1962-1972.
487:. They then stormed two buildings at nearby
8:
1424:American President.org page on Peter Brennan
2652:Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare
2111:Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare
1071:
1069:
1067:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
2730:
2677:Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
2400:
2376:
2362:
2354:
2195:
2142:Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
1798:
1774:
1760:
1752:
1534:
1520:
1512:
1464:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
971:Biographical Dictionary of American Labor,
755:Biographical Dictionary of American Labor.
67:February 2, 1973 – March 15, 1975
40:
29:
1389:"Brennan Is Slated as Envoy to Ireland,"
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
725:"Brennan Is Slated as Envoy to Ireland."
204:City University of New York, City College
2975:Deaths from lymphoma in New York (state)
1248:
1246:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
949:
376:and delivered strong voter turnout for
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
757:Westport, Ct.: Greenwood Press, 1984.
525:the 4,000 trainees wanted by Lindsay.
7:
2960:Nixon administration cabinet members
2207:Director of the Bureau of the Budget
1032:"Brennan to Head Building Council,"
883:New York: Simon and Schuster, 1981.
830:"Labor Secretary Resigns His Post."
732:"Brennan to Head Building Council."
2965:Ford administration cabinet members
1436:IWB Online article on Peter Brennan
2955:United States secretaries of labor
1543:United States Secretaries of Labor
1460:U.S. Department of Labor Biography
354:aboard a submarine home ported in
25:
2970:20th-century American politicians
2940:Burials at Saint Charles Cemetery
1551:Secretaries of Commerce and Labor
2786:Ambassador to the United Nations
2435:
2257:Ambassador to the United Nations
1839:
1582:
855:Ithaca, N.Y.: ILR Press, 2005.
278:United States Secretary of Labor
244:
226:
55:United States Secretary of Labor
2945:City College of New York alumni
1112:U.S. Labor and the Vietnam War,
769:U.S. Labor and the Vietnam War.
483:flags down from a flag pole at
2950:Politicians from New York City
472:Federal Hall National Memorial
1:
2716:William Thaddeus Coleman Jr.
1161:Bigart, Homer (1970-05-09).
687:Simon & Schuster, 1989.
2702:Secretary of Transportation
2167:Secretary of Transportation
1258:George Meany and His Times,
881:George Meany and His Times.
307:and in the union movement.
2991:
2842:Counselor to the President
2817:White House Chief of Staff
2433:
2288:Counselor to the President
1837:
1136:Journal of Social History,
783:Journal of Social History.
443:
346:, Brennan enlisted in the
301:1972 presidential election
2729:
2534:Secretary of the Interior
2465:Secretary of the Treasury
2399:
2194:
1999:Secretary of the Interior
1875:Secretary of the Treasury
1797:
1580:
1500:
1480:
1472:
1467:
792:New York: Atheneum, 1972.
506:Support for Nixon in 1972
267:
109:
60:
48:
39:
2565:Secretary of Agriculture
2024:Secretary of Agriculture
333:City College of New York
2800:Daniel Patrick Moynihan
2302:Daniel Patrick Moynihan
1483:U.S. Secretary of Labor
464:incursion into Cambodia
329:business administration
1288:The Wars of Watergate,
818:The Wars of Watergate.
645:Saint Charles Cemetery
401:Mayor of New York City
2590:Secretary of Commerce
2049:Secretary of Commerce
643:. He was interred in
458:while protesting the
452:Kent State University
403:in 1965 as a liberal
342:After the US entered
2767:Trade Representative
2691:Carla Anderson Hills
2492:James R. Schlesinger
2484:Secretary of Defense
1932:James R. Schlesinger
1912:Secretary of Defense
1593:Secretaries of Labor
1290:paperback ed., 1990.
641:Massapequa, New York
589:Nixon administration
315:Brennan was born in
274:Peter Joseph Brennan
123:Peter Joseph Brennan
18:Peter Joseph Brennan
2891:White House Counsel
2874:John Otho Marsh Jr.
2548:Stanley K. Hathaway
1957:Richard Kleindienst
1380:September 23, 1973.
1240:September 28, 1972.
939:September 28, 1972.
788:Goulden, Joseph C.
753:Fink, Gary M., ed.
750:September 23, 1973.
594:international trade
587:Under Brennan, the
352:chief petty officer
27:American politician
2868:Robert T. Hartmann
2635:John Thomas Dunlop
2621:Secretary of Labor
2446:Secretary of State
2426:Nelson Rockefeller
2080:Secretary of Labor
2032:Clifford M. Hardin
1980:Postmaster General
1850:Secretary of State
1468:Political offices
1429:2006-10-01 at the
1303:November 30, 1972.
1167:The New York Times
932:November 30, 1972.
925:September 9, 1972.
879:Robinson, Archie.
851:Palladino, Grace.
848:November 30, 1972.
392:Affirmative action
370:Nelson Rockefeller
293:affirmative action
252:United States Navy
187:Josephine Brickley
2912:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2850:Anne L. Armstrong
2775:Frederick B. Dent
2756:James Thomas Lynn
2725:
2724:
2685:James Thomas Lynn
2660:Caspar Weinberger
2641:William Usery Jr.
2610:Elliot Richardson
2598:Frederick B. Dent
2351:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2326:Anne L. Armstrong
2271:George H. W. Bush
2240:Caspar Weinberger
2190:
2189:
2156:James Thomas Lynn
2131:Caspar Weinberger
2125:Elliot Richardson
2094:James Day Hodgson
2069:Frederick B. Dent
2063:Peter G. Peterson
1963:Elliot Richardson
1926:Elliot Richardson
1858:William P. Rogers
1749:
1748:
1510:
1509:
1501:Succeeded by
1495:
1476:James Day Hodgson
1397:February 7, 1975.
1395:Associated Press,
1277:December 1, 1972.
1036:October 17, 1957.
904:December 1, 1972.
889:978-0-671-42163-2
834:February 7, 1975.
832:Associated Press.
816:Kutler, Stanley.
767:Foner, Philip S.
736:October 17, 1957.
567:Frank Fitzsimmons
425:Philadelphia Plan
271:
270:
92:James Day Hodgson
16:(Redirected from
2982:
2899:Philip W. Buchen
2806:William Scranton
2731:
2666:F. David Mathews
2629:Peter J. Brennan
2554:Thomas S. Kleppe
2517:William B. Saxbe
2509:Attorney General
2473:William E. Simon
2439:
2438:
2401:
2378:
2371:
2364:
2355:
2196:
2150:George W. Romney
2100:Peter J. Brennan
1988:Winton M. Blount
1969:William B. Saxbe
1951:John N. Mitchell
1943:Attorney General
1901:William E. Simon
1883:David M. Kennedy
1843:
1842:
1799:
1776:
1769:
1762:
1753:
1586:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1513:
1498:1973—1975
1486:
1473:Preceded by
1465:
1441:Peter J. Brennan
1411:
1404:
1398:
1387:
1381:
1374:
1368:
1367:August 21, 1973.
1361:
1355:
1348:
1342:
1341:January 1, 1975.
1327:
1321:
1310:
1304:
1297:
1291:
1284:
1278:
1267:
1261:
1256:1972; Robinson,
1250:
1241:
1230:
1224:
1217:
1211:
1204:
1198:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1158:
1152:
1145:
1139:
1132:
1115:
1108:
1093:
1086:
1080:
1073:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1049:. Archived from
1043:
1037:
1030:
1024:
1023:October 4, 1996.
1013:
974:
967:
841:October 4, 1996.
806:August 21, 1973.
799:January 1, 1975.
729:January 3, 1975.
701:January 1, 1975.
681:Ambrose, Stephen
637:lymphatic cancer
635:Brennan died of
613:Watergate crisis
493:Washington, D.C.
481:Episcopal Church
423:, announced the
421:George P. Shultz
250:
248:
247:
232:
230:
229:
217:Military service
212:
156:
132:
130:
114:Personal details
100:
88:
65:
44:
30:
21:
2990:
2989:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2904:
2885:
2836:
2825:Donald Rumsfeld
2811:
2780:
2761:
2736:
2721:
2710:Claude Brinegar
2696:
2671:
2646:
2615:
2584:
2559:
2528:
2503:
2498:Donald Rumsfeld
2478:
2459:
2454:Henry Kissinger
2440:
2436:
2431:
2406:
2395:
2382:
2352:
2343:
2320:Donald Rumsfeld
2296:Arthur F. Burns
2282:
2251:
2220:
2201:
2186:
2181:Claude Brinegar
2161:
2136:
2105:
2074:
2043:
2018:
1993:
1974:
1937:
1906:
1869:
1864:Henry Kissinger
1844:
1840:
1835:
1804:
1793:
1780:
1750:
1745:
1587:
1578:
1545:
1540:
1506:
1497:
1485:
1478:
1431:Wayback Machine
1420:
1415:
1414:
1408:New York Times,
1405:
1401:
1391:New York Times,
1388:
1384:
1378:New York Times,
1375:
1371:
1365:New York Times,
1362:
1358:
1352:New York Times.
1349:
1345:
1339:New York Times,
1335:New York Times,
1331:New York Times,
1328:
1324:
1320:April 17, 1973.
1318:New York Times,
1314:New York Times,
1311:
1307:
1301:New York Times,
1298:
1294:
1285:
1281:
1275:New York Times,
1271:New York Times,
1268:
1264:
1251:
1244:
1238:New York Times,
1234:New York Times,
1231:
1227:
1221:New York Times,
1218:
1214:
1208:New York Times,
1205:
1201:
1195:New York Times,
1192:
1188:
1179:
1177:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1149:New York Times,
1146:
1142:
1133:
1118:
1109:
1096:
1090:New York Times,
1087:
1083:
1074:
1065:
1056:
1054:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1034:New York Times,
1031:
1027:
1021:New York Times,
1014:
977:
968:
951:
946:
937:New York Times.
930:New York Times.
923:New York Times.
918:April 11, 1973.
916:New York Times.
911:April 17, 1973.
909:New York Times.
902:New York Times.
895:New York Times.
874:New York Times.
867:New York Times.
846:New York Times.
839:New York Times.
811:New York Times.
804:New York Times.
797:New York Times.
748:New York Times.
741:New York Times.
734:New York Times.
727:New York Times.
720:New York Times.
713:New York Times.
706:New York Times.
699:New York Times.
677:
665:
629:
558:
550:Hubert Humphrey
542:George McGovern
534:Davis-Bacon Act
508:
489:Pace University
448:
442:
394:
386:Hubert Humphrey
378:John F. Kennedy
350:, serving as a
337:Painter's Union
313:
245:
243:
227:
225:
206:
174:Political party
158:
154:
153:October 2, 1996
134:
128:
126:
125:
124:
98:
86:
78:
66:
61:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2988:
2986:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2935:AFL–CIO people
2932:
2927:
2917:
2916:
2910:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2895:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2877:
2871:
2865:
2859:
2853:
2846:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2828:
2821:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2803:
2797:
2790:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2771:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2753:
2746:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2734:
2727:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2713:
2706:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2688:
2681:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2663:
2656:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2638:
2632:
2625:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2607:
2601:
2594:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2579:John A. Knebel
2576:
2569:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2551:
2545:
2538:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2523:Edward H. Levi
2520:
2513:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2495:
2488:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2469:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2450:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2423:
2416:
2414:
2412:Vice President
2408:
2407:
2404:
2397:
2396:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2373:
2366:
2358:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2335:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2311:
2305:
2299:
2292:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2274:
2268:
2261:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2243:
2237:
2230:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2215:Robert P. Mayo
2211:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2178:
2171:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2153:
2146:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2128:
2122:
2115:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2097:
2091:
2084:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2066:
2060:
2053:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2035:
2028:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2010:
2003:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1984:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1947:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1935:
1929:
1923:
1916:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1898:
1892:
1886:
1879:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1861:
1854:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1814:
1812:
1810:Vice President
1806:
1805:
1802:
1795:
1794:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1771:
1764:
1756:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1597:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1555:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1516:
1508:
1507:
1504:John T. Dunlop
1502:
1499:
1487:Served under:
1479:
1474:
1470:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1438:
1433:
1419:
1418:External links
1416:
1413:
1412:
1410:March 2, 1975.
1399:
1382:
1369:
1356:
1354:June 24, 1973.
1343:
1322:
1305:
1292:
1279:
1262:
1242:
1225:
1212:
1199:
1186:
1153:
1140:
1116:
1094:
1081:
1063:
1038:
1025:
975:
948:
947:
945:
942:
941:
940:
933:
926:
919:
912:
905:
898:
891:
877:
870:
869:March 2, 1975.
863:
849:
842:
835:
828:
814:
807:
800:
793:
786:
779:
765:
751:
744:
743:June 24, 1973.
737:
730:
723:
722:July 28, 1974.
716:
709:
702:
695:
676:
673:
672:
671:
664:
661:
628:
625:
557:
556:Political life
554:
512:Charles Colson
507:
504:
485:Trinity Church
444:Main article:
441:
438:
393:
390:
382:Lyndon Johnson
312:
309:
269:
268:
265:
264:
259:
255:
254:
241:
240:Branch/service
237:
236:
223:
219:
218:
214:
213:
201:
197:
196:
193:
189:
188:
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
157:(aged 78)
151:
147:
146:
122:
120:
116:
115:
111:
110:
107:
106:
104:John T. Dunlop
101:
95:
94:
89:
83:
82:
73:
69:
68:
58:
57:
50:
49:
46:
45:
37:
36:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2987:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2881:
2880:Rogers Morton
2878:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2794:John A. Scali
2792:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2735:Cabinet-level
2732:
2728:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2618:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2604:Rogers Morton
2602:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2542:Rogers Morton
2540:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2402:
2398:
2393:
2390:
2386:
2379:
2374:
2372:
2367:
2365:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2278:
2277:John A. Scali
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2234:George Shultz
2232:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2200:Cabinet-level
2197:
2193:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2175:John A. Volpe
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2088:George Shultz
2086:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2057:Maurice Stans
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2014:
2013:Rogers Morton
2011:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1895:George Shultz
1893:
1890:
1889:John Connally
1887:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1790:Richard Nixon
1788:
1784:
1777:
1772:
1770:
1765:
1763:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1621:Schwellenbach
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1585:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1537:
1532:
1530:
1525:
1523:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1505:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1489:Richard Nixon
1484:
1477:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1409:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1296:
1293:
1289:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1229:
1226:
1223:May 27, 1970.
1222:
1216:
1213:
1210:May 21, 1970.
1209:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1190:
1187:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1157:
1154:
1151:May 12, 1970.
1150:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1053:on 2009-05-10
1052:
1048:
1042:
1039:
1035:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
976:
972:
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
956:
954:
950:
943:
938:
934:
931:
927:
924:
920:
917:
913:
910:
906:
903:
899:
897:May 27, 1970.
896:
892:
890:
886:
882:
878:
876:May 12, 1970.
875:
871:
868:
864:
862:
861:0-8014-4320-2
858:
854:
850:
847:
843:
840:
836:
833:
829:
827:
826:0-393-30827-8
823:
819:
815:
812:
808:
805:
801:
798:
794:
791:
787:
784:
780:
778:
777:0-7178-0672-3
774:
770:
766:
764:
763:0-313-22865-5
760:
756:
752:
749:
745:
742:
738:
735:
731:
728:
724:
721:
717:
714:
710:
708:May 21, 1970.
707:
703:
700:
696:
694:
693:0-671-52837-8
690:
686:
682:
679:
678:
674:
670:
667:
666:
662:
660:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
633:
626:
624:
621:
616:
614:
609:
605:
603:
597:
595:
590:
585:
583:
579:
574:
572:
568:
564:
555:
553:
551:
546:
543:
537:
535:
531:
530:wage controls
526:
522:
520:
519:H.R. Haldeman
515:
513:
505:
503:
500:
498:
497:Hard Hat Riot
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
473:
467:
465:
461:
457:
453:
447:
446:Hard Hat Riot
440:Hard Hat Riot
439:
437:
433:
431:
426:
422:
417:
413:
410:
406:
402:
398:
391:
389:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
368:
362:
359:
357:
353:
349:
345:
340:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
317:New York City
310:
308:
306:
302:
298:
297:Hard Hat Riot
294:
290:
286:
283:
279:
275:
266:
263:
260:
256:
253:
242:
238:
235:
234:United States
224:
220:
215:
210:
205:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
179:
176:
172:
169:
165:
161:
152:
148:
145:
141:
137:
136:New York City
121:
117:
112:
108:
105:
102:
96:
93:
90:
84:
81:
77:
76:Richard Nixon
74:
70:
64:
59:
56:
51:
47:
43:
38:
34:Peter Brennan
31:
19:
2862:Kenneth Rush
2628:
2419:
2338:Kenneth Rush
2314:Robert Finch
2308:Bryce Harlow
2265:Charles Yost
2119:Robert Finch
2099:
2007:Wally Hickel
1920:Melvin Laird
1823:
1660:
1481:
1445:Find a Grave
1407:
1402:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1377:
1372:
1364:
1359:
1351:
1346:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1325:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1300:
1295:
1287:
1282:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1257:
1253:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1220:
1215:
1207:
1202:
1197:May 9, 1970.
1194:
1189:
1178:. Retrieved
1166:
1156:
1148:
1143:
1138:Summer 1993.
1135:
1111:
1092:May 5, 1970.
1089:
1084:
1076:
1055:. Retrieved
1051:the original
1041:
1033:
1028:
1020:
970:
936:
929:
922:
915:
908:
901:
894:
880:
873:
866:
852:
845:
838:
831:
817:
813:May 5, 1970.
810:
803:
796:
789:
785:Summer 1993.
782:
768:
754:
747:
740:
733:
726:
719:
715:May 9, 1970.
712:
705:
698:
684:
634:
630:
617:
610:
606:
602:John Lindsay
598:
586:
582:George Meany
578:minimum wage
575:
559:
547:
538:
527:
523:
516:
509:
501:
468:
449:
434:
430:George Meany
418:
414:
409:civil rights
399:was elected
397:John Lindsay
395:
363:
360:
344:World War II
341:
314:
273:
272:
262:World War II
258:Battles/wars
155:(1996-10-02)
133:May 24, 1918
99:Succeeded by
62:
2930:1996 deaths
2925:1918 births
2901:(1974–1977)
2876:(1974–1977)
2870:(1974–1977)
2833:(1975–1977)
2831:Dick Cheney
2827:(1974–1975)
2808:(1976–1977)
2802:(1975–1976)
2796:(1974–1975)
2777:(1975–1977)
2758:(1975–1977)
2752:(1974–1975)
2718:(1975–1977)
2712:(1974–1975)
2693:(1975–1977)
2687:(1974–1975)
2668:(1975–1977)
2662:(1974–1975)
2643:(1976–1977)
2637:(1975–1976)
2631:(1974–1975)
2612:(1976–1977)
2606:(1975–1976)
2600:(1974–1975)
2581:(1976–1977)
2575:(1974–1976)
2556:(1975–1977)
2544:(1974–1975)
2525:(1975–1977)
2519:(1974–1975)
2500:(1975–1977)
2494:(1974–1975)
2475:(1974–1977)
2456:(1974–1977)
2428:(1974–1977)
2394:(1974–1977)
2392:Gerald Ford
2328:(1973–1974)
2322:(1970–1971)
2316:(1970–1972)
2310:(1969–1970)
2304:(1969–1970)
2279:(1973–1974)
2273:(1971–1973)
2267:(1969–1971)
2248:(1973–1974)
2242:(1972–1973)
2236:(1970–1972)
2217:(1969–1970)
2183:(1973–1974)
2177:(1969–1973)
2158:(1973–1974)
2152:(1969–1973)
2133:(1973–1974)
2127:(1970–1973)
2121:(1969–1970)
2102:(1973–1974)
2096:(1970–1973)
2090:(1969–1970)
2071:(1973–1974)
2065:(1972–1973)
2059:(1969–1972)
2040:(1971–1974)
2034:(1969–1971)
2015:(1971–1974)
2009:(1969–1970)
1990:(1969–1971)
1959:(1972–1973)
1953:(1969–1972)
1934:(1973–1974)
1922:(1969–1973)
1897:(1972–1974)
1891:(1971–1972)
1885:(1969–1971)
1866:(1973–1974)
1860:(1969–1973)
1832:(1973–1974)
1830:Gerald Ford
1820:(1969–1973)
1818:Spiro Agnew
1792:(1969–1974)
1493:Gerald Ford
1075:Palladino,
1015:McFadden, "
653:Long Island
649:Farmingdale
627:Later years
620:Gerald Ford
460:Vietnam War
87:Preceded by
80:Gerald Ford
2919:Categories
2856:Dean Burch
2332:Dean Burch
1691:McLaughlin
1180:2020-05-13
1057:2009-05-28
675:References
618:President
565:president
405:Republican
327:degree in
311:Early life
282:Presidents
222:Allegiance
178:Democratic
160:Massapequa
129:1918-05-24
2573:Earl Butz
2389:President
2038:Earl Butz
1787:President
1559:Cortelyou
1252:Goulden,
1175:0362-4331
563:Teamsters
477:Red Cross
374:Democrats
331:from the
321:influenza
200:Education
72:President
63:In office
1676:Marshall
1641:Goldberg
1636:Mitchell
1427:Archived
1286:Kutler,
663:See also
657:New York
462:and the
367:Governor
305:New York
192:Children
164:New York
140:New York
2750:Roy Ash
2405:Cabinet
2385:Cabinet
2246:Roy Ash
1803:Cabinet
1783:Cabinet
1681:Donovan
1661:Brennan
1656:Hodgson
1616:Perkins
1564:Metcalf
1110:Foner,
2882:(1976)
2864:(1974)
2858:(1974)
2852:(1974)
2550:(1975)
2422:(1974)
2340:(1974)
2334:(1974)
2298:(1969)
1971:(1974)
1965:(1973)
1928:(1973)
1903:(1974)
1826:(1973)
1736:Scalia
1731:Acosta
1711:Herman
1701:Martin
1666:Dunlop
1651:Shultz
1631:Durkin
1601:Wilson
1569:Straus
1254:Meany,
1173:
969:Fink,
887:
859:
824:
790:Meany.
775:
761:
691:
571:Senate
249:
231:
184:Spouse
1741:Walsh
1726:Perez
1721:Solis
1706:Reich
1686:Brock
1671:Usery
1646:Wirtz
1626:Tobin
1606:Davis
1574:Nagel
1260:1981.
1114:1989.
1079:2005.
973:1984.
944:Notes
285:Nixon
53:13th
2420:None
1824:None
1716:Chao
1696:Dole
1611:Doak
1171:ISSN
885:ISBN
857:ISBN
822:ISBN
773:ISBN
759:ISBN
689:ISBN
611:The
479:and
456:Ohio
384:and
356:Guam
348:Navy
325:B.S.
289:Ford
287:and
168:U.S.
150:Died
144:U.S.
119:Born
2387:of
1785:of
1443:at
1019:,"
647:in
454:in
2921::
1491:,
1245:^
1169:.
1165:.
1119:^
1097:^
1066:^
978:^
952:^
683:.
659:.
655:,
651:,
596:.
499:.
388:.
380:,
339:.
209:BS
166:,
162:,
142:,
138:,
2377:e
2370:t
2363:v
1775:e
1768:t
1761:v
1535:e
1528:t
1521:v
1183:.
1060:.
211:)
207:(
195:3
131:)
127:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
