278:...After staking out my horses I ascended the mountains to some spruce trees near the top. There I took a view of the mountain scenery; it was grand in the extreme. I saw many signs of bear, antelope, and deer, as this is a general watering place for those animals. I found the head of a bear which I brought to camp. Our Indian pilot said it was the bear that killed a man in this place. While I was writing, one of our boys said there was a grave within a few rods of our camp. I quit writing and visited the grave. I read on a tree at the head of the same: 'Peter Lebeck killed by a bear Oct. 17, 1837', with a cross over the writing and the letters J. S. (Jesus Salvador).
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and rediscovered the inscription in reverse on its underside. Four feet under the surface, they exhumed a skeleton "nearly six feet long, and broad in proportion" with "a remarkable state of preservation." The body was laid east-west, with the left arm folded over the breast. The right forearm, both
245:
William F. Edgar was told by Native
Americans living at Fort Tejon that Lebeck, a trapper passing through the canyon, went off by himself in pursuit of a large grizzly and shot it underneath the oak tree. Approaching it, the bear fatally mauled him. The visit was probably in 1893. Outside of this,
241:
The bear in question has been identified as a
California grizzly, as early European-American settlers in California referred to brown bears as "x bears" due to the pattern of dark fur sometimes seen on their back. There is a single California grizzly specimen showing this pattern at the Museum of
328:
feet, and the left hand were missing. Two ribs on the left side were broken. A contemporary newspaper article reports that Lebeck was buried with the bear that killed him. The exhumation has been called one of the earliest examples of
359:
The epitaph is currently housed in the U.S. Forestry
Service ranger station at Fort Tejon. The Native Sons and Daughters of the El Tejon and Bakersfield parlors placed a granite monument at the site on 5 April 1936.
254:. A memoir attributed to Lebec and published in a local newspaper claims he was a Lieutenant of Engineers in the French Army named Pierre Lebecque, who was present with Napoleon on
151:.) Europeans first made contact with coastal California in 1542, but the inner Tulare Valley was not explored until 1776. Anglo-Americans began to enter the area in 1826. The lower
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In 1890, an informal group from
Bakersfield called the Foxtail Rangers, including local sheriff Henry L. Borgwardt Jr., removed the bark with the permission of
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coin, dated 1837, was found in the ruins of an adobe hospital on Fort Tejon grounds, fueling legends that he was connected to the French government.
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nothing else solid is known about Lebeck. A number of apocryphal works and speculative theories have emerged regarding him, such as that he was an
4171:
3082:
1807:
1527:
1442:
1066:
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205:
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Schuyler, Robert L. (1968). "The
Exhumation of Peter Lebec: One of the Earliest Examples of Historic Sites Archaeology in California".
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189:. Adult grizzlies do not climb trees effectively and respond to threats by standing their ground and warding off their attackers.
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The grave of Lebeck and the inscription is mentioned, along with the carcass of a bear, in the diaries of three members of the
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for possession of the carving. In 1940, the State of
California acquired part of the original Fort Tejon property for a
500:
Fleeman y Garcia, Trace (2022). "An Archae/pelago in the Valley: On
Cultural Landscapes of the Southern Tulare Basin".
2978:
2973:
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1925:
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274:, a group of volunteers who passed through the area in 1847. The journal of Robert S. Bliss, for 31 July 1847, reads
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386:. He is killed by a bear and buried under an oak in Tejon Pass. Austin also describes Lebeck and the Lebeck Oak in
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Arkush, Brooke S. (1993). "Yokuts Trade
Networks and Native Culture Change in Central and Eastern California".
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American place-names : a concise and selective dictionary for the continental United States of
America
112:, but the unknown circumstances of his identity and death have cemented his position in the culture of the
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The tree under which Peter Lebeck was buried, and where his epitaph was carved, in an 1890 photograph
600:. State College, Pennsylvania: Collegian (Students at Pennsylvania State University). Archived from
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was living at Fort Tejon, between 1857 and 1859, the inscription had been covered by new bark.
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which was formerly common across
California. It was larger and more aggressive than the extant
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The Fort Tejon Historical Park holds a "ghost night" every October 17 in reference to Lebeck.
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in the San Joaquin Valley, with Lebeck's grave marking the north corner of the parade ground.
251:
1115:
Rensch, Hero Eugene; Rensch, Ethel Grace; Hoover, Mildred Brooke; Abeloe, William N. (1978).
559:
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is named for him, and the tree he is buried under is likewise known as the Peter Lebeck Oak.
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92:. The only certain information known about him is that he was killed by a bear, probably a
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560:"Probable Grizzly Bear Predation On An American Black Bear in Yellowstone National Park"
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An 1838 franc, of a similar type found at Fort Tejon and popularly connected to Lebeck
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was founded in the immediate vicinity in 1854 to suppress stock rustling and protect
1230:
California place names : the origin and etymology of current geographical names
1092:
California's Geographic Names: A Gazetteer of Historic and Modern Names of the State
4104:
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351:, however, this grant did not include the Lebeck Oak or several lesser structures.
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116:. He represents the earliest known victim of a bear attack in California.
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837:"A Curious Epitaph. Marked In Bark to Mark Grave of Man Killed By a Bear"
308:
noticed the bark was beginning to cover the epitaph in 1855. By the time
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1835:
1790:
1785:
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seen on his grave—granted by the Governor of California to hunt in the
544:
3427:
1890:
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1685:
1660:
1655:
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1535:
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920:
504:. Vol. 35. Society for California Archaeology. pp. 180–186.
301:
136:
1481:
769:. Santa Clarita, California: Santa Clarita Valley Historical Society
319:
The Foxtail Rangers next to the Peter Lebeck Oak at Fort Tejon, 1890
528:
3247:
2648:
1780:
1740:
1635:
1585:
314:
212:
204:
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974:
368:
division of E Clampus Vitus is named Peter Lebeck Chapter #1866.
1620:
364:
dedicated a plaque on the site on 14 October 1972. Further, the
255:
233:. The only primary source for his life is the epitaph, reading:
1485:
221:
Lebeck may have been a Catholic French-Canadian trapper of the
335:
The removed bark was initially in the possession of the local
907:
Cullimore, Clarence (1954-09-01). "Fort Tejon's Centennial".
657:
655:
594:"Why are grizzly bears more aggressive than our black bears?"
558:
Gunther, K.A.; Biel, M.J.; Anderson, N.; Waits, L. (2002).
209:
The Peter Lebeck Oak, as it stood in the early 20th century
740:. Office of Historic Preservation, California State Parks
708:
706:
909:
The Historical Society of Southern California Quarterly
100:
in 1837. The tree he was buried under is known as the
502:
Proceedings of the Society for California Archaeology
394:
poet Don Thompson writes of Lebeck in his collection
4095:
4062:
4044:
3996:
3943:
3875:
3802:
3774:
3721:
3663:
3631:
3588:
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3547:
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3312:
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3131:
3070:
3017:
2936:
2893:
2855:
2787:
2694:
2559:
2449:
2356:
2206:
2100:
1969:
1806:
1799:
1526:
1094:. Clovis, Calif.: Word Dancer Press. p. 1060.
382:, features a Peter Lebecque, who lives in a hut in
135:Modern-day California in the 1830s was part of the
67:
56:
42:
23:
1261:Hoover, Mildred Brooke; Kyle, Douglas E. (2002).
237:IHS + PETER LEBECK KILLED BY A x BEAR OCT 17 1837
1342:(5th ed.). Wheeling, IL: Harlan Davidson.
1265:. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.
1119:. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.
276:
235:
1435:John Xántus, the Fort Tejon letters, 1857-1859
915:(3). University of California Press: 249–254.
1497:
1228:Gudde, Erwin Gustav; Bright, William (1998).
799:
8:
1232:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
242:Vertebrate Zoology at Berkeley (MVZ 16615).
143:, initially half of the Spanish province of
1376:Storer, Tracey I.; Tevis, Lloyd P. (1955).
1357:Saunders, Charles Francis (June 12, 2014).
1295:"Peter Lebeck leaves legacy in Kern County"
661:
646:
475:
445:List of fatal bear attacks in North America
3271:
3264:
1803:
1504:
1490:
1482:
1180:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
31:
20:
823:
787:
697:
80:(died 17 October 1837, sometimes written
16:Early settler of Kern County, California
1437:. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
468:
196:A California grizzly bear shot in 1916.
1173:
3083:Bibliography of the American frontier
487:
7:
3139:Cuisine of the Western United States
1433:Xántus, János; Zwinger, Ann (1986).
1061:. Hemet, California: Aldrich Press.
1028:. Reno: University of Nevada Press.
1011:
811:
724:
712:
685:
673:
634:
622:
592:Yahner, Richard H. (27 April 2011).
1001:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
155:was still politically dominated by
4167:History of Kern County, California
2875:Confederate Gulch and Diamond City
1399:Encyclopedia of Frontier Biography
1359:The Southern Sierras of California
1325:Old Adobes of Forgotten Fort Tejon
181:) is an extinct population of the
131:History of Kern County, California
14:
3123:Timeline of the American Old West
1422:The Life and Death of Peter Lebec
1331:: Kern County Historical Society.
1199:. Los Olivos, CA: Cachuma Press.
266:Popular interest in the gravesite
4131:
4130:
429:
415:
2779:First transcontinental railroad
225:—judging by the Catholic-style
4172:Individual trees in California
1467:Peter Lebeck Historical Marker
1420:Wood, Raymund Francis (1954).
767:The Heritage Junction Dispatch
1:
104:. He is attested only by his
2954:Battle of the Little Bighorn
1472:Bark Inscription, Lebeck Oak
1323:Cullimore, Clarence (1949).
1299:KERO 23 ABC News Bakersfield
1263:Historic spots in California
1117:Historic spots in California
995:Austin, Mary Hunter (1905).
975:"Peter Lebeck Chapter #1866"
343:, Edward's son, sued in the
337:Kern County Sheriff's Office
290:, accompanying the party of
2979:First Battle of Adobe Walls
2923:Long Branch Saloon gunfight
2918:Gunfight at the O.K. Corral
1148:Stewart, George R. (1970).
882:"Noted Tree Causes Lawsuit"
4188:
2734:Great Western Cattle Trail
330:historic sites archaeology
166:
128:
96:, and buried underneath a
88:) was an early settler of
4126:
3263:
2822:Lost Dutchman's Gold Mine
2644:Rocky Mountain Rendezvous
2366:Frederick Russell Burnham
1519:
1195:Pavlik, Bruce M. (1991).
1090:Durham, David L. (1998).
951:"Bark from the Lebec Oak"
800:Xántus & Zwinger 1986
163:Brown bears in California
30:
2163:"Mysterious Dave" Mather
1428:: Academy Library Guild.
1390:University of California
376:, published serially in
4162:Explorers of California
2964:Battle of Washita River
2949:Battle of Glorieta Pass
2827:Lost Ship of the Desert
2769:Southern Emigrant Trail
2729:Great Platte River Road
2396:George Armstrong Custer
2188:William "Bill" Tilghman
1701:Nootka (Nuu-chah-nulth)
1397:Thrapp, Dan L. (1990).
1386:Los Angeles, California
1336:Rolle, Andrew (1998) .
1329:Bakersfield, California
662:Storer & Tevis 1955
647:Storer & Tevis 1955
476:Storer & Tevis 1955
325:Edward Fitzgerald Beale
179:Ursus arctos horribilis
175:California grizzly bear
90:Kern County, California
3174:Rocky Mountain oysters
1057:Thompson, Don (2014).
758:Pollack, Alan (2009).
320:
280:
239:
218:
210:
197:
3009:Wounded Knee Massacre
2959:Battle of San Jacinto
2928:Variety Hall shootout
2903:Battle of Coffeyville
2885:Pike's Peak Gold Rush
2865:Black Hills Gold Rush
2542:Thomas William Sweeny
2406:Samuel P. Heintzelman
2183:John Horton Slaughter
2077:Richens Lacey Wootton
1611:Five Civilized Tribes
1339:California: A History
1024:Austin, Mary (2001).
760:"President's Message"
318:
216:
208:
195:
4064:Washington Territory
3804:New Mexico Territory
3169:Pacific Northwestern
3088:Cowboys and cowgirls
2870:California Gold Rush
2847:Seven Cities of Gold
2832:Montezuma's treasure
2639:One-room schoolhouse
2487:George E. Goodfellow
2381:Texas Jack Omohundro
2224:"Curly Bill" Brocius
2022:Liver-Eating Johnson
1997:Tomás VĂ©lez CachupĂn
1551:Assiniboine (Nakota)
1361:. Many Moons Press.
455:John "Grizzly" Adams
306:William Ingraham Kip
292:Robert S. Williamson
288:William Phipps Blake
284:Mexican-American War
223:Hudson's Bay Company
3052:Pleasant Valley War
2994:Sand Creek massacre
2944:Battle of the Alamo
2817:Long Tom's treasure
2512:Octaviano Larrazolo
2426:Ranald S. Mackenzie
2376:"Buffalo Bill" Cody
2087:"Old Bill" Williams
2037:William John Murphy
1403:Spokane, Washington
598:The Daily Collegian
60:Possibly French or
50:Tehachapi Mountains
3877:Oklahoma Territory
3062:Sutton–Taylor feud
3042:Lincoln County War
3037:Johnson County War
2937:Military conflicts
2880:Klondike Gold Rush
2681:Westward expansion
2502:Zephaniah Kingsley
2276:John Wesley Hardin
2173:George Scarborough
2153:"Wild Bill" Hickok
2042:John Wesley Powell
1426:Fresno, California
1378:California Grizzly
1197:Oaks of California
886:San Francisco Call
841:San Francisco Call
478:, p. 209-210.
384:Cañada de las Uvas
370:Mary Hunter Austin
321:
258:. In 1915, a five
219:
211:
198:
169:California grizzly
159:-speaking people.
114:San Joaquin Valley
94:California grizzly
71:Possibly a trapper
4144:
4143:
4122:
4121:
4118:
4117:
4097:Wyoming Territory
3665:Montana Territory
3501:Florida Territory
3314:Arizona Territory
3201:Western lifestyle
3032:Earp-Clanton feud
2974:ChimayĂł Rebellion
2908:Battle of Lincoln
2714:Butterfield Trail
2664:Vigilante justice
2555:
2554:
2482:John Joel Glanton
2467:Jonathan R. Davis
2462:William H. Boring
2067:Trinidad Swilling
1656:Lenape (Delaware)
1581:Chippewa (Ojibwe)
1513:American frontier
1444:978-0-8165-3584-2
1405:: A.H. Clark Co.
1068:978-0-615-95425-7
1035:978-0-87417-754-1
814:, pp. 52–58.
727:, pp. 37–38.
715:, pp. 60–63.
688:, pp. 14–16.
676:, pp. 59–60.
625:, pp. 24–26.
490:, pp. 20–21.
437:California portal
400:Lebec, California
252:Republic of Texas
75:
74:
4179:
4134:
4133:
3945:Oregon Territory
3882:Indian Territory
3448:Dakota Territory
3272:
3265:
3164:New Mexico chile
3047:Mason County War
3004:Texas Revolution
2969:Bear Flag Revolt
2719:California Trail
2629:Manifest destiny
2561:Frontier culture
2457:John Jacob Astor
2431:Charley Reynolds
2331:Younger Brothers
2311:Joaquin Murrieta
2198:Harry C. Wheeler
2193:James Timberlake
2082:Henry Wickenburg
2027:Meriwether Lewis
1946:Touch the Clouds
1808:Native Americans
1804:
1506:
1499:
1492:
1483:
1456:
1429:
1416:
1401:. Vol. II.
1393:
1372:
1353:
1332:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1306:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1179:
1171:
1152:. New York, NY.
1145:
1139:
1138:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1021:
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1002:
992:
986:
985:
983:
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971:
965:
964:
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961:
947:
941:
940:
921:10.2307/41168494
904:
898:
897:
895:
893:
888:. April 12, 1904
878:
872:
871:
859:
853:
852:
850:
848:
843:. April 12, 1904
833:
827:
826:, p. 16-17.
821:
815:
809:
803:
802:, p. 12-20.
797:
791:
785:
779:
778:
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734:
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604:on 25 April 2012
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432:
425:
420:
419:
418:
302:Native Americans
272:Mormon Battalion
250:spy sent by the
102:Peter Lebeck Oak
35:
21:
4187:
4186:
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3992:
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3879:
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3717:
3659:
3627:
3584:
3566:
3549:Idaho Territory
3543:
3495:
3442:
3409:
3361:
3308:
3259:
3154:Native American
3127:
3078:Arizona Rangers
3066:
3021:
3013:
2932:
2913:Frisco shootout
2889:
2851:
2797:Dead man's hand
2783:
2696:
2690:
2686:Wild West shows
2594:Cattle rustling
2551:
2537:Sedona Schnebly
2522:Sylvester Mowry
2445:
2436:Philip Sheridan
2386:James C. Cooney
2358:
2352:
2244:Dalton Brothers
2202:
2113:Charlie Bassett
2096:
2017:John C. Frémont
1971:
1965:
1931:Snapping Turtle
1795:
1746:Southern Paiute
1711:Pend d'Oreilles
1696:Northern Paiute
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362:E Clampus Vitus
357:
332:in California.
268:
203:
171:
165:
149:Baja California
145:Las Californias
141:Alta California
133:
127:
122:
62:French-Canadian
52:
47:
46:17 October 1837
38:
26:
17:
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4054:Salt Lake City
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4046:Utah Territory
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3524:Prospect Bluff
3521:
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3240:
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3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3186:Gothic Western
3183:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3135:
3133:
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2809:
2804:
2799:
2793:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2764:Santa Fe Trail
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2724:Chisholm Trail
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2700:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2669:Western saloon
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2569:American bison
2565:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2527:Emperor Norton
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2497:Andrew Jackson
2494:
2489:
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2102:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2057:Jedediah Smith
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1978:
1976:
1967:
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1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
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1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1812:
1810:
1801:
1800:Notable people
1797:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1791:Yuma (Quechan)
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1751:Tohono OĘĽodham
1748:
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1558:
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1548:
1543:
1538:
1532:
1530:
1528:Native Nations
1524:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1462:
1461:External links
1459:
1458:
1457:
1443:
1430:
1417:
1412:978-0803294189
1411:
1394:
1373:
1368:978-0970048189
1367:
1354:
1348:
1333:
1318:
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1312:
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1140:
1125:
1107:
1100:
1082:
1067:
1049:
1034:
1016:
1004:
987:
966:
955:SCVHistory.com
942:
899:
873:
854:
828:
824:Cullimore 1949
816:
804:
792:
788:Cullimore 1949
780:
750:
729:
717:
702:
698:Cullimore 1949
690:
678:
666:
664:, p. 210.
651:
639:
627:
615:
584:
550:
529:10.2307/482590
523:(4): 619–640.
507:
492:
480:
467:
466:
464:
461:
460:
459:
458:
457:
452:
441:
440:
426:
423:History portal
410:
407:
398:. The town of
356:
353:
345:Superior Court
267:
264:
248:Acadian French
202:
199:
167:Main article:
164:
161:
153:Central Valley
129:Main article:
126:
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121:
118:
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72:
69:
65:
64:
58:
54:
53:
48:
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4106:
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4100:
4098:
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4088:
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4083:
4080:
4078:
4077:Port Townsend
4075:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4065:
4061:
4055:
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4051:
4049:
4047:
4043:
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4012:
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4004:
4003:
4001:
3999:
3995:
3989:
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3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3905:Oklahoma City
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3883:
3878:
3874:
3868:
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3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3801:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3789:Virginia City
3787:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3777:
3773:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3746:Nebraska City
3744:
3742:
3741:Fort Robinson
3739:
3737:
3736:Fort Atkinson
3734:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3724:
3720:
3714:
3713:Virginia City
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
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3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3587:
3581:
3580:Fort Dearborn
3578:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3569:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3546:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3529:St. Augustine
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3498:
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3486:Standing Rock
3484:
3482:
3479:
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3474:
3472:
3469:
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3457:
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3436:
3434:
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3429:
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3424:
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3420:
3418:
3416:
3412:
3406:
3405:San Francisco
3403:
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3398:
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3386:
3383:
3381:
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3350:
3348:
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3340:
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3333:
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3328:
3325:
3323:
3322:Canyon Diablo
3320:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3311:
3305:
3302:
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3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
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3262:
3254:
3253:Snap fastener
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3231:
3227:
3226:Texas country
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3206:Western music
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3196:Western genre
3194:
3192:
3189:
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3184:
3180:
3177:
3175:
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2999:Seminole Wars
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2715:
2712:
2710:
2709:Bozeman Trail
2707:
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2699:
2693:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2675:
2672:
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2659:Train robbery
2657:
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2589:Cowboy poetry
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2472:George Flavel
2470:
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2416:Calamity Jane
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2301:Frank McLaury
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2234:Billy Clanton
2232:
2230:
2229:Butch Cassidy
2227:
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2214:Billy the Kid
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2158:Bat Masterson
2156:
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2139:
2138:Henry Garfias
2136:
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2119:
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2092:Brigham Young
2090:
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2085:
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2080:
2078:
2075:
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2072:Ora Rush Weed
2070:
2068:
2065:
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2062:Jack Swilling
2060:
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2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2007:Davy Crockett
2005:
2003:
2002:William Clark
2000:
1998:
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1936:Standing Bear
1934:
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1901:Quanah Parker
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1349:0-88295-938-7
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1272:0-8047-4482-3
1268:
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1249:
1245:
1241:
1239:0-520-21316-5
1235:
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1208:
1206:0-9628505-2-7
1202:
1198:
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1177:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1159:0-19-500121-4
1155:
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1128:
1126:0-8047-0079-6
1122:
1118:
1111:
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1103:
1101:1-884995-14-4
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1064:
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1053:
1050:
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1027:
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1017:
1014:, p. 45.
1013:
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1005:
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976:
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883:
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874:
870:(4): 142–147.
869:
865:
864:The Masterkey
858:
855:
842:
838:
832:
829:
825:
820:
817:
813:
808:
805:
801:
796:
793:
790:, p. 16.
789:
784:
781:
768:
761:
754:
751:
739:
733:
730:
726:
721:
718:
714:
709:
707:
703:
700:, p. 17.
699:
694:
691:
687:
682:
679:
675:
670:
667:
663:
658:
656:
652:
649:, p. 35.
648:
643:
640:
637:, p. 26.
636:
631:
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346:
342:
341:Truxtun Beale
338:
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285:
279:
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238:
234:
232:
231:Tulare Valley
228:
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194:
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91:
87:
83:
79:
70:
66:
63:
59:
55:
51:
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
4110:Fort Laramie
4105:Fort Bridger
3890:Broken Arrow
3641:Independence
3238:Cowboy boots
3233:Western wear
3113:Mountain men
2774:Tanner Trail
2759:Pony Express
2754:Oregon Trail
2749:Mormon Trail
2619:Homesteading
2584:Cattle drive
2547:Peter Lebeck
2546:
2532:Annie Oakley
2492:Doc Holliday
2421:Luther Kelly
2401:Alexis Godey
2391:George Crook
2326:Sundance Kid
2281:Johnny Ringo
2271:Bill Downing
2052:Levi Ruggles
2012:Donner Party
1987:John Bozeman
1982:Daniel Boone
1921:Sitting Bull
1896:Plenty Coups
1831:Chief Joseph
1826:Bloody Knife
1821:Black Kettle
1521:1776 to 1912
1477:Peter Lebeck
1434:
1421:
1398:
1377:
1358:
1338:
1324:
1303:. Retrieved
1301:. 2018-07-20
1298:
1289:
1262:
1256:
1229:
1223:
1196:
1190:
1149:
1143:
1116:
1110:
1091:
1085:
1058:
1052:
1025:
1019:
1007:
997:
990:
978:. Retrieved
969:
958:. Retrieved
954:
945:
912:
908:
902:
890:. Retrieved
885:
876:
867:
863:
857:
845:. Retrieved
840:
831:
819:
807:
795:
783:
771:. Retrieved
766:
753:
742:. Retrieved
738:"Fort Tejon"
732:
720:
693:
681:
669:
642:
630:
618:
606:. Retrieved
602:the original
597:
587:
570:
566:
553:
520:
517:Ethnohistory
516:
510:
501:
495:
483:
471:
450:Isaac Slover
404:
395:
387:
379:The Atlantic
377:
373:
358:
334:
322:
296:
281:
277:
269:
244:
240:
236:
220:
178:
172:
147:(along with
134:
106:grave marker
101:
85:
81:
78:Peter Lebeck
77:
76:
25:Peter Lebeck
18:
4157:1837 deaths
4036:San Antonio
3973:Oregon City
3968:McMinnville
3895:Fort Gibson
3827:Fort Sumner
3817:Albuquerque
3784:Carson City
3688:Fort Benton
3646:Kansas City
3618:Leavenworth
3539:Tallahassee
3390:Los Angeles
3375:Bakersfield
3352:Window Rock
3159:New Mexican
3149:Californian
3098:Ghost towns
2989:Mexican War
2984:Indian Wars
2857:Gold rushes
2837:Paul Bunyan
2744:Meek Cutoff
2704:Barlow Road
2574:Barbed wire
2507:Seth Kinman
2321:Soapy Smith
2316:Belle Starr
2306:Tom McLaury
2296:Tom Ketchum
2291:Frank James
2286:Jesse James
2266:Bill Doolin
2239:Ike Clanton
2178:John Selman
2168:Bass Reeves
2143:Pat Garrett
2128:Virgil Earp
2123:Morgan Earp
2108:Elfego Baca
2047:Juan Rivera
1992:Jim Bridger
1871:Ganundalegi
1856:Crazy Snake
1851:Crazy Horse
1059:Local color
573:: 372–374.
396:Local Color
392:San Joaquin
366:Kern County
310:John Xantus
227:Christogram
57:Nationality
4151:Categories
4021:Fort Worth
3958:The Dalles
3925:Tishomingo
3812:Alamogordo
3703:Livingston
3683:Deer Lodge
3603:Dodge City
3557:Fort Boise
3514:Negro Fort
3481:Rapid City
3476:Pine Ridge
3471:Fort Yates
3395:Sacramento
3367:California
3327:Fort Grant
3243:Cowboy hat
3211:New Mexico
3191:Weird West
3144:Chuckwagon
3057:Sheep Wars
3019:Range wars
2842:Pecos Bill
2812:Johnny Kaw
2807:John Henry
2802:Dime novel
2697:and trails
2674:Tack piano
2654:Stagecoach
2609:Ghost town
2371:Kit Carson
2359:and scouts
2219:Black Bart
2133:Wyatt Earp
1861:Dasoda-hae
1846:Crazy Bear
1816:Black Hawk
1317:References
1305:2023-10-11
960:2013-10-18
773:11 October
744:2012-10-07
608:16 October
488:Rolle 1998
349:state park
298:Fort Tejon
282:After the
187:black bear
183:brown bear
125:Historical
120:Background
110:Fort Tejon
98:valley oak
68:Occupation
4087:Vancouver
3963:La Grande
3930:Tuskahoma
3920:Tahlequah
3900:Fort Sill
3867:Tucumcari
3837:Las Vegas
3766:Whiteclay
3761:Valentine
3693:Fort Peck
3651:St. Louis
3608:Ellsworth
3562:Fort Hall
3534:St. Marks
3519:Pensacola
3433:Telluride
3400:San Diego
3385:Jamestown
3342:Tombstone
3284:Anchorage
3132:Influence
3103:Gunfights
2895:Gunfights
2739:Lolo Pass
2695:Transport
2634:Moonshine
2624:Land rush
2614:Gunfights
2604:Fast draw
2579:Boot Hill
2477:C. S. Fly
2441:Al Sieber
2148:Jack Helm
2032:Joe Mayer
1970:Explorers
1941:Ten Bears
1926:Smallwood
1911:Sacagawea
1906:Red Cloud
1886:Manuelito
1881:Kiliahote
1731:Seminoles
1691:Nez Perce
1556:Blackfoot
1453:610015380
1176:cite book
1077:959243802
1044:182987084
1026:The flock
1012:Wood 1954
929:2162-9366
892:10 August
812:Wood 1954
725:Wood 1954
713:Wood 1954
686:Wood 1954
674:Wood 1954
635:Wood 1954
623:Wood 1954
537:0014-1801
388:The Flock
372:'s novel
201:Biography
139:state of
108:, now at
4136:Category
4026:Gonzales
3978:Portland
3915:Pawhuska
3910:Okmulgee
3862:Santa Fe
3852:Mogollon
3822:Cimarron
3751:Ogallala
3723:Nebraska
3708:Missoula
3673:Billings
3633:Missouri
3572:Illinois
3461:Deadwood
3456:Bismarck
3438:Trinidad
3415:Colorado
3332:Prescott
3289:Iditarod
3216:Red Dirt
2789:Folklore
2599:Cow town
2517:Nat Love
2411:Tom Horn
2357:Soldiers
2118:Roy Bean
1974:pioneers
1961:Washakie
1956:Victorio
1866:Geronimo
1841:Degataga
1736:Shoshone
1681:Muscogee
1666:Maricopa
1641:Kumeyaay
1631:Kickapoo
1626:Hualapai
1596:Comanche
1571:Cheyenne
1561:Cahuilla
1382:Berkeley
1281:50735628
1248:37854320
1215:24908095
1135:11325761
937:41168494
409:See also
86:Lebecque
4082:Seattle
4072:Everett
4031:Lubbock
4016:El Paso
4011:Abilene
3953:Astoria
3857:Roswell
3847:Mesilla
3842:Lincoln
3731:Chadron
3678:Bozeman
3623:Wichita
3598:Abilene
3491:Yankton
3337:Phoenix
3304:Skagway
3179:Tex-Mex
3118:Outlaws
2207:Outlaws
1916:Seattle
1876:Irataba
1836:Cochise
1786:Yavapai
1756:Tonkawa
1716:Pequots
1646:Kutenai
1616:Hidatsa
1591:Cocopah
1576:Chinook
1546:Arikara
1541:Arapaho
579:3873219
137:Mexican
4006:Austin
3935:Wewoka
3832:Gallup
3776:Nevada
3698:Helena
3590:Kansas
3509:Angola
3428:Denver
3423:Creede
3380:Fresno
3347:Tucson
3299:Seward
3276:Alaska
3268:Places
3221:Tejano
3108:Lawmen
2450:Others
2260:Emmett
2101:Lawmen
1891:Massai
1776:Yakama
1771:Washoe
1761:Umpqua
1726:Pueblo
1706:Pawnee
1686:Navajo
1676:Mohave
1661:Mandan
1651:Lakota
1606:Dakota
1566:Cayuse
1536:Apache
1451:
1441:
1409:
1365:
1346:
1279:
1269:
1246:
1236:
1213:
1203:
1166:
1156:
1133:
1123:
1098:
1075:
1065:
1042:
1032:
998:Isidro
980:28 Dec
935:
927:
847:10 Aug
577:
545:482590
543:
535:
374:Isidro
355:Legacy
157:Yokuts
3998:Texas
3983:Salem
3756:Omaha
3466:Fargo
3248:Jeans
3093:Gangs
3071:Lists
3024:feuds
2649:Rodeo
1781:Yaqui
1741:Sioux
1671:Modoc
1636:Kiowa
1586:Caddo
1168:95369
933:JSTOR
763:(PDF)
575:JSTOR
567:Ursus
563:(PDF)
541:JSTOR
463:Notes
260:franc
82:Lebec
3988:Vale
3880:and
3794:Reno
3613:Hays
3357:Yuma
3294:Nome
3022:and
2347:John
2335:Cole
2252:Bill
2248:Grat
1972:and
1951:Tuvi
1721:Pima
1621:Hopi
1601:Crow
1449:OCLC
1439:ISBN
1407:ISBN
1384:and
1363:ISBN
1344:ISBN
1277:OCLC
1267:ISBN
1244:OCLC
1234:ISBN
1211:OCLC
1201:ISBN
1182:link
1164:OCLC
1154:ISBN
1131:OCLC
1121:ISBN
1096:ISBN
1073:OCLC
1063:ISBN
1040:OCLC
1030:ISBN
982:2022
925:ISSN
894:2023
849:2023
775:2023
610:2011
533:ISSN
256:Elba
173:The
43:Died
2343:Jim
2339:Bob
2256:Bob
1766:Ute
917:doi
525:doi
84:or
4153::
2345:,
2341:,
2337:,
2258:,
2254:,
2250:,
1447:.
1424:.
1388::
1380:.
1327:.
1297:.
1275:.
1242:.
1209:.
1178:}}
1174:{{
1162:.
1129:.
1071:.
1038:.
953:.
931:.
923:.
913:36
911:.
884:.
868:42
866:.
839:.
765:.
705:^
654:^
596:.
571:13
569:.
565:.
539:.
531:.
521:40
519:.
390:.
339:.
286:,
2349:)
2333:(
2262:)
2246:(
1505:e
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