485:
300:
he and his disciple Gerson formed part of the great embassy sent by the princes to the two pontiffs, and while in Italy he was occupied in praiseworthy but vain efforts to induce the pope of Rome to remove himself to a town on the
Italian coast, in the neighbourhood of his rival, where it was hoped that the double abdication would take place. Discouraged by his failure to effect this, he returned to his diocese of Cambrai at the beginning of 1408. At this time he was still faithful to Benedict, and the disinclination he felt to joining the members of the French clergy who were on the point of ratifying the royal declaration of neutrality excited the anger of Charles VI's government, and a
316:(1409) that d'Ailly renounced his support of Benedict XIII, and, for want of a better policy, again allied himself with the cause which he had championed in his youth. In the council lay now, to judge from his words, the only chance of salvation; and, in view of the requirements of the case, he began to argue that, in case of schism, a council could be convoked by any one of the faithful, and would have the right to judge and even to depose the rival pontiffs. This was, in fact, the procedure of the council of Pisa, in which d'Ailly took part. After the declaration of the deposition of the Roman pope
270:, king of the Romans. The latter, though a partisan of the pope of Rome, took the opportunity of enjoining on d'Ailly to go in his name and argue with the pope of Avignon, a move which had as its object to persuade Benedict to an abdication, the necessity of which was becoming more and more evident. However, the language of d'Ailly seems on this occasion to have been lacking in decision; however that may be, it led to no felicitous result. From this point on, he spent most of his energy to addressing the schism. Although he was slow at first to embrace the
214:
which, tired of the schism, was even then demanding the resignation of the two pontiffs. D'Ailly himself had not long before taken part in the drawing up of a letter to the king in which the advantages of this double abdication were set forth, but since then his zeal had seemed to cool a little. Nevertheless, on his return from
Avignon, he again in the presence of the king enlarged upon the advantages offered by the way which the university commended.
895:
40:
704:
299:
At the ecclesiastical council which took place at Paris in 1406, d'Ailly made every effort to avert a new withdrawal from the obedience and, by order of the king, took the part of defender of
Benedict XIII, a course which yet again exposed him to attacks from the university party. The following year
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succeeded
Clement VII at Avignon in 1394, d'Ailly was entrusted by the king with a mission of congratulation to the new pontiff. His obsequious language on this occasion, and the favours with which it was rewarded, formed a too violent contrast to the determined attitude of the university of Paris,
386:
When at last the question arose of giving the
Christian world a new pope, this time sole and uncontested, d'Ailly defended the right of the cardinals, if not to keep the election entirely in their own hands, at any rate to share in the election, and he brought forward a system for reconciling the
282:
France next tried to bring violent pressure to bear to conquer the obstinacy of
Benedict XIII by threatening a formal withdrawal from his obedience. D'Ailly, who, in spite of his attachment to the pope, had been carried away by the example of the kingdom, was among the first who, in 1403, after
382:
in the council by denying them the right of forming a separate nation (1 October – 1 November 1416). By this campaign, which exposed him to the worst retaliation of the
English, he inaugurated his role of "procurator and defender of the king of France."
355:, took the preponderating part during the first few months. Afterwards, seeing the trend of events, he showed some uneasiness and hesitation. He refused, however, to undertake the defence of John XXIII, and only appeared in the trial of this pope to make
347:(1414–1418); with Gerson, d'Ailly was one of the leading theologians at the council. Convinced as he was of the necessity for union and reform, he contributed more than anyone to the adoption of the principle that, since the schism had survived the
351:, it was necessary again to take up the work for a fundamental union, without considering the rights of John XXIII any more than they had those of Gregory XII and Benedict XIII. From this point of view d'Ailly, together with his compatriot
447:. D'Ailly's writings on the Schism put the crisis and the need for reform into an apocalyptic context. His astrology also was tied to the Schism, attempting to determine whether the division of the church was a sign of the coming of the
137:, the "role" of the French nation. Notwithstanding this prompt adhesion, he was firm in his desire to put an end to the schism, and when, on 20 May 1381, the university decreed that the best means to this end was to gather together a
484:
287:
on an embassy to
Benedict and seized this opportunity of lavishing on the pontiff friendly congratulations mingled with useful advice. Two years later, before the same pontiff, he preached in the city of
403:
After the council, d'Ailly returned to Paris. When in France's civil discord the
Burgundian faction seized Paris in 1419, killing some professors in the process, he fled south and retired to
225:
which he held left room for some doubt as to his disinterestedness. Henceforward he was under suspicion at the university, and was excluded from the assemblies where the union was discussed.
145:. The dissatisfaction displayed shortly after by the government obliged the university to give up this scheme, and this was probably the cause of Pierre d'Ailly's temporary retirement to
168:
of abuse of office. Subsequently, d'Ailly was twice entrusted with a mission to
Clement VII in 1388 to defend the doctrines of the university, and especially those concerning the
328:, raised d'Ailly to the rank of cardinal (6 June 1411), and further, to indemnify him for the loss of the bishopric of Cambrai, conferred upon him the administration of that of
206:
from the university for refusing to embrace the idea of the Immaculate Conception and in the effort mentioned above to end the Great Schism by means of an ecumenical council.
469:
wrote that d'Ailly had told advocates of ethical reform at the Council of Constance, "Only the devil in person can still save the Catholic Church, and you ask for angels."
1077:
110:
in 1376–1377, and received the licentiate and doctorate in theology in 1381. He was affiliated with the university, serving as rector in 1384; among his pupils were
1052:
102:, receiving the licentiate in arts in 1367 and the master’s a year later, and was active in university affairs by 1372. D'Ailly taught the Bible in 1375 and the
910:
919:
183:. The success which attended his efforts on these two occasions, and the eloquence which he displayed, perhaps contributed to his choice as the king's
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218:
153:. There he continued the struggle for his side in a humorous work, in which the partisans of the council are amusingly taken to task by the demon
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266:, and even withstand an armed attack on the part of several lords; but his protector, the duke of Orleans, had his investiture performed by
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revealed, besides ideas very peculiar to himself on the reform and constitution of the church, his design of reducing the power of the
217:
The suspicions aroused by his conduct found further confirmation when he caused himself—or allowed himself—to be nominated bishop of
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871:
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443:, attracted his attention. His views on astrology, expressed in several works, attempted to balance divine omniscience and human
247:
202:
D'Ailly served as chancellor of the University from 1389 to 1395, and Gerson succeeded him. Both were involved in expelling the
718:
503:
Petrus de Alliaco Questiones super primum, tertium et quartum librum Sententiarum. I: Principia et questio circa Prologum
138:
1057:
1042:
192:
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a sermon which led to the general institution, in the countries of the obedience of Avignon, of the festival of the
1082:
177:
333:
839:
Pierre d'Ailly and the Blanchard affair: University and Chancellor of Paris at the Beginning of the Great Schism
125:, between two popes, arose in 1378. In the spring of 1379, d'Ailly, in anticipation even of the decision of the
267:
239:
115:
419:
D'Ailly wrote extensively on the Schism, reform, astrology and other topics. His ideas on the powers of the
191:. At the same time, by means of an exchange, he obtained to the highest dignity in the university, becoming
301:
210:
142:
79:
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D'Ailly returned to prominence by leading the university's effort to secure removal of John Blanchard as
283:
experience of what had happened, counselled and celebrated the restoration of obedience. He was sent by
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83:
857:
Church and Reform: Bishops, Theologians, and Canon Lawyers in the Thought of Pierre d'Ailly (1351–1420)
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Forgetting these benefits, d'Ailly was one of the most formidable adversaries of John XXIII at the
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31:
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605:(in Latin) (Toledo, Biblioteca de la Catedral de Toledo, Manuscritos ed.). pp. 40–10.
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in his estimates of the size of the world. Many questions in science and astrology, such as
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It was not until after the cardinals of the two colleges had led to the convocation of the
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173:
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499:(1376–1377), anastatic reprint of the edition of 1490: Frankfurt-am-Mein: Minerva, 1968.
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History, Prophecy, and the Stars – The Christian Astrology of Pierre d'Ailly, 1350–1420
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Other matters which claimed his attention at Constance included the condemnation of
176:, and in 1389 to petition in the name of the king for the canonization of the young
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846:
Between Church and State: The Lives of Four French Prelates in the Late Middle Ages
337:
271:
238:
D'Ailly's ecclesiastical career prospered, however. After Le Puy, he was appointed
95:
17:
513:
141:, d'Ailly supported this motion before the king's council in the presence of the
432:
263:
134:
111:
39:
995:
511:, Edmond Buron (ed.), Paris: Maisonneuve Frères, 1930, 3 vols., vol. 1 online
451:. His works began appearing in print before the end of the fifteenth century.
448:
75:
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in 1350 or 1351 of a prosperous bourgeois family. He studied in Paris at the
923:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 437–439.
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830:, 1934 translation, Moscow: Progress Publishers, Chapter VII, p. 112.
411:. D'Ailly, known as the Cardinal of Cambrai, died in 1420 in Avignon.
199:. This acceptability to many interests helps explain his advancement.
259:
304:, which was however not executed, ordered the arrest of the bishop.
900:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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395:(11 November 1417), and the task of d'Ailly was at last finished.
324:(26 June 1409). This pope reigned only ten months; his successor,
289:
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solution to the Schism, he was participating in councils by 1409.
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60:
38:
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against him, which were sometimes of an overwhelming character.
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Peter of Ailly and the Harvest of Fourteenth-Century Philosophy
164:, in which Blanchard was accused by d'Ailly before the Avignon
980:
Political Thought of Pierre d’Ailly: The Voluntarist Tradition
332:(3 November 1412), which was shortly after exchanged for the
574:
Destructions modorum significandi. Conceptus et insolubilia
521:
De concordia astronomice veritatis et narrationis historice
407:. His former pupil Gerson settled nearby at a house of the
790:
See the chronology of these works in Smoller, pp. 136-137.
777:
Francis Oakley, "Pierre d'Ailly and Papal Infallibility,"
505:, cura et studio Monica Brinzei, Turnhout: Brepols, 2013.
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of the general council were very influential. D'Ailly's
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30:"Aliacensis" redirects here. For the lunar crater, see
246:(1397). By virtue of this position, he became also a
570:, Paul Vincent Spade (ed.), Dordrecht: Reidel, 1980.
535:, L. Kaczmarek (ed.), Amsterdam: G. B. GrĂĽner, 1994.
70:; 1351 – 9 August 1420) was a French
879:
The Reforms of the Council of Constance (1414–1418)
866:, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994.
551:, M. Chappuis (ed.), Amsterdam: G. B. GrĂĽner, 1988.
999:, revised edition, Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 2001.
543:Die philosophische Psychologie des Peter von Ailly
387:pretensions of the council with the rights of the
568:Concepts and Insolubles: An Annotated Translation
527:Tractatus de concordantia theologie et astronomie
221:by Benedict on 2 April 1395. The great number of
320:and Benedict XIII, the council went on to elect
852:, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.
370:. The reading in public of his two treatises
8:
549:Tractatus super De consolatione philosophiae
703:
172:of the Virgin, against the preaching friar
828:The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte
712:; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905).
1078:Academic staff of the University of Paris
982:, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1964.
462:The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon
250:. In order to take possession of his new
951:La France et le Grand Schisme d'Occident
628:
491:, Manuscript. Toledo Cathedral Library.
1053:Chancellors of the University of Paris
944:Chartularium Universitatis Parisiensis
756:
741:
654:
722:(1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
497:Quaestiones super libros Sententiarum
54:
7:
959:, vol. lxv., 1904, pp. 557–574.
990:The Harvest of Medieval Theology:
957:Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes
336:. He also nominated d'Ailly as his
533:Destructiones modorum significandi
25:
258:, override the resistance of the
1088:15th-century French philosophers
893:
702:
545:, Amsterdam: G. B. GrĂĽner, 1987.
476:on the Moon is named after him.
27:French theologian and astrologer
975:, Lewiston: Mellen Press, 1986.
254:, he had to brave the wrath of
248:prince of the Holy Roman Empire
942:H. Denifle and Em. Chatelain,
719:New International Encyclopedia
1:
1063:15th-century French cardinals
602:Lectura ad formandos libellos
577:
558:
509:Ymago Mundi de Pierre d'Ailly
489:Lectura ad formandos libellos
129:, had carried to the pope of
1033:15th-century apocalypticists
1023:14th-century apocalypticists
340:in Germany (18 March 1413).
1068:Medieval French theologians
953:(Paris, 4 vols., 1896–1902)
1104:
1048:Bishops of Le Puy-en-Velay
391:. In this way was elected
372:De Potestate ecclesiastica
29:
907:Valois, Joseph Marie Noël
376:De Reformatione Ecclesiae
1038:15th-century astrologers
1028:14th-century astrologers
881:, Leiden: Brill, 1994.
862:Laura Ackerman Smoller,
555:Conceptus et insolubilia
256:Philip, Duke of Burgundy
946:, t. iii. (Paris, 1894)
920:Encyclopædia Britannica
859:, Leiden: Brill, 2005.
841:, Leiden: Brill, 1978.
684:Bernstein, pp. 60-176.
587:Tractatus exponibilium
492:
480:Works and translations
211:Antipope Benedict XIII
44:
1073:People from Compiègne
817:Smoller, pp. 133-134.
541:, O. Pluta (ed.), in
487:
229:Ecclesiastical career
170:Immaculate Conception
116:Nicholas of Clémanges
84:Roman Catholic Church
42:
925:Bibliography cited:
768:Guenée, pp. 252-253.
437:Christopher Columbus
421:college of cardinals
389:College of Cardinals
345:Council of Constance
278:Schismatic pressures
181:Pierre de Luxembourg
166:antipope Clement VII
94:D'Ailly was born in
837:Alan E. Bernstein,
808:Smoller, pp. 85-86.
781:26 (1964), 353-358.
744:, pp. 438–439.
334:bishopric of Orange
197:Notre-Dame de Paris
127:University of Paris
32:Aliacensis (crater)
1058:French astrologers
1043:Bishops of Cambrai
994:and Late Medieval
799:Pascoe, pp. 11-51.
539:Tractatus de anima
493:
431:(1410), a work of
353:Cardinal Fillastre
308:Conciliar councils
149:, where he held a
100:Collège de Navarre
45:
18:Peter d'Ailly
1083:Bishops of Orange
937:Petrus de Alliaco
877:Philip H. Stump,
855:Louis B. Pascoe,
850:Arthur Goldhammer
779:Mediaeval Studies
618:Gregory of Rimini
366:and the trial of
244:Bishop of Cambrai
68:Petrus de Alliaco
64:Petrus Aliacensis
16:(Redirected from
1095:
978:Francis Oakley,
924:
911:Ailly, Pierre D'
899:
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848:, Translated by
844:Bernard Guenée,
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174:Jean de Montson
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90:Academic career
56:[d‿aji]
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1018:1420 deaths
1013:1351 births
949:N. Valois,
757:Valois 1911
742:Valois 1911
655:Valois 1911
594:Manuscripts
562: 1495
472:The crater
433:cosmography
429:Imago Mundi
357:depositions
322:Alexander V
318:Gregory XII
264:bourgeoisie
135:Clement VII
112:Jean Gerson
1007:Categories
996:Nominalism
624:References
474:Aliacensis
449:Antichrist
399:Retirement
326:John XXIII
285:Charles VI
268:Wenceslaus
193:chancellor
162:chancellor
76:astrologer
72:theologian
909:(1911). "
467:Karl Marx
445:free will
272:conciliar
223:benefices
189:confessor
155:Leviathan
104:Sentences
96:Compiègne
612:See also
576:, Lyons
423:and the
415:Writings
178:cardinal
80:cardinal
917:(ed.).
904::
557:Paris,
529:(1414).
523:(1414).
405:Avignon
380:English
368:Jan Hus
330:Limoges
302:mandate
185:almoner
151:canonry
131:Avignon
82:of the
52:French:
913:". In
898:
885:
870:
707:
455:Legacy
338:legate
260:clergy
242:, and
219:Le Puy
290:Genoa
209:When
147:Noyon
61:Latin
883:ISBN
868:ISBN
514:here
374:and
262:and
187:and
114:and
78:and
459:In
195:of
106:of
1009::
988:,
749:^
716:.
631:^
578:c.
559:c.
465:,
296:.
157:.
133:,
118:.
86:.
74:,
66:,
59:;
889:.
874:.
583:.
564:.
517:.
50:(
34:.
20:)
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