417:
148:
127:
469:
455:
In Grant Parish, Louisiana (and probably in other areas also), Native
Americans used petrified palmwood to make projectile points and other tools such as knives, awls, and scrapers. Projectile points and other tools crafted from petrified palmwood have been discovered in central Grant Parish by H.R.
427:
Petrified palmwood includes a group of fossil woods that contain prominent rod-like structures within the regular grain of the silicified wood. Depending upon the angle at which they are cut by fracture, these rod-like structures show up as spots, tapering rods, or continuous lines. The rod-like
302:(from about 84.9 to 11.6 million years ago). Fossils of species within this genus have been found in Germany, Italy (Sardinia), United States, Egypt, Libya and Argentina (
408:'s shoreline was much farther north from its present-day position. In Louisiana, petrified palmwood is found in the parishes of Rapides, Natchitoches, Grant, and Sabine.
443:
and exhibits well-defined rod-like structures and variety of colors. As a result, it exhibits a wide range of colors and designs when cut that can be incorporated into
1052:
1186:
1176:
1116:
945:
416:
878:
EL-Saadawi, W., Youssef, S. G. & Kamal-EL-Din, M. M. 2004 "Fossil palm woods of Egypt: II. Seven
Tertiary Palmoxylon species new to the country"
1039:
1206:
1111:
1181:
447:
and other ornamental items. Because it is composed of silica, it is hard enough to polish and withstand the wear and tear of normal use.
1166:
1146:
1141:
1156:
1121:
981:
1221:
1201:
1196:
1171:
147:
1216:
1211:
1161:
1151:
1131:
1126:
845:
495:
1136:
992:
1106:
1078:
686:
602:
566:
546:
401:
303:
456:
Hicks and other Native
American artifact collectors. It is the state stone of Texas and the official
307:
1191:
142:
1083:
933:
1065:
1057:
1070:
662:
126:
1030:
468:
432:
bundles that comprise part of the woody tissues that gave the wood its vertical strength.
295:
185:
41:
908:"A dichotomously branched fossil palm stem from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of India"
405:
283:
172:
1100:
658:
339:
251:
198:
84:
45:
513:
457:
436:
429:
311:
967:
McMackin, C. E., 1984, "Petrified wood from east to west; some we've liked best."
17:
907:
1024:
865:
851:
211:
59:
1015:
404:
area, which is shared by both states. It was left by trees that grew when the
394:
382:
362:
327:
104:
69:
863:
Ottone E. G. 2007 "A new palm trunk from the Upper
Cretaceous of Argentina"
370:
358:
335:
279:
231:
109:
53:
1009:
894:
331:
221:
99:
94:
79:
74:
64:
1044:
444:
386:
351:
299:
114:
89:
440:
374:
347:
986:
467:
415:
390:
378:
366:
343:
315:
159:
809:(Late Cretaceous, Allen Formation, Río Negro Province; Argentina)
791:(Late Cretaceous, Allen Formation, Río Negro Province; Argentina)
777:(Late Cretaceous, Allen Formation, Río Negro Province; Argentina)
400:
In Texas and
Louisiana, petrified palmwood is most common in the
990:
734:(Danian, Pichaihue Limestones, Neuquén Province; Argentina)
480:
There are more than 200 species assigned to the genus
906:
Raizada, P.; Sharma, G.P.; Raghubanshi, A.S. (2008).
365:) can be collected from many scattered sites in east
342:. There have been a number of species reported from
999:
389:, indicating that the palms grew along prehistoric
294:This genus is known in the fossil record from the
932:Dutta, D.; Ambwani, K.; Estrada-Ruiz, E. (2011).
938:sp. nov. from Bhisi Village, Maharashtra, India"
982:Petrified Palm Wood (State Fossil) (Tertiary)
8:
278:(petrified palmwood) is an extinct genus of
753:(Paleogene; Jebel Qatrani Formation, Egypt)
751:Nour-El-Deen, El-Saadawi & Thomas, 2018
614:(Paleogene; Jebel Qatrani Formation, Egypt)
612:Nour-El-Deen, El-Saadawi & Thomas, 2018
492:Nour-El-Deen, El-Saadawi & Thomas, 2018
987:
125:
31:
397:shoreline has been moving farther south.
310:). Many species were described from the
946:Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas
838:
971:. vol. 37, no. 11, p. 1582-1588.
880:Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology
7:
435:Petrified palmwood is a favorite of
1187:Prehistoric plants of South America
1177:Prehistoric plants of North America
377:found near fossil palmwood include
25:
1117:Santonian genus first appearances
823:(Cretaceous; Deccan Traps, India)
800:(Cretaceous, Deccan Traps; India)
725:(Paleocene, Patagonia, Argentina)
716:(Cretaceous, Deccan Traps; India)
707:(Cretaceous, Deccan Traps; India)
679:(Cretaceous, Deccan Traps; India)
651:(Cretaceous, Deccan Traps; India)
637:(Cretaceous, Deccan Traps; India)
623:(Cretaceous; Deccan Traps, India)
586:(Cretaceous; Deccan Traps, India)
578:(Cretaceous; Deccan Traps, India)
539:(Cretaceous; Deccan Traps, India)
525:(Cretaceous; Deccan Traps, India)
476:from Quaternary of Libyan Sahara
146:
1:
1207:Fossil taxa described in 1882
1112:Prehistoric angiosperm genera
393:. For millions of years, the
334:have been described from the
326:A number of species from the
1182:Fossils of the United States
698:(Cretaceous, Gujarat, India)
934:"Late Cretaceous palm stem
677:Prakash & Ambwani, 1980
1238:
1167:Prehistoric life of Europe
1147:Prehistoric life of Africa
738:Palmoxylon pondicherriense
439:because it is replaced by
1142:Miocene genus extinctions
798:Trivedi & Verma, 1971
757:Palmoxylon queenslandicum
711:Palmoxylon parthasarathyi
669:Palmoxylon livistoniforme
264:
259:
143:Scientific classification
141:
133:
124:
34:
1157:Prehistoric life of Asia
729:Palmoxylon pichaihuensis
702:Palmoxylon parapaniensis
674:Palmoxylon livistonoides
534:Palmoxylon chhindwarense
286:found around the world.
786:Palmoxylon santarosense
767:Palmoxylon riograndense
689:, Eden Valley, Wyoming)
605:, Eden Valley, Wyoming)
582:Palmoxylon deccanensis
569:, Eden Valley, Wyoming)
558:Palmoxylon concordiense
549:, Eden Valley, Wyoming)
496:Jebel Qatrani Formation
346:which are dated to the
1122:Late Cretaceous plants
827:Palmoxylon yuqueriense
804:Palmoxylon valchetense
772:Palmoxylon rionegrense
748:Palmoxylon qatraniense
720:Palmoxylon patagonicum
705:Lakhanpal et al., 1979
683:Palmoxylon macginitiei
665:, Deccan Traps, India)
627:Palmoxylon geometricum
591:Palmoxylon dilacunosum
573:Palmoxylon dakshinense
477:
424:
27:Extinct genus of palms
1079:Paleobiology Database
714:Rao & Menon, 1964
687:Green River Formation
609:Palmoxylon elsaadawii
603:Green River Formation
567:Green River Formation
547:Green River Formation
520:Palmoxylon blandfordi
507:Palmoxylon bhisiensis
471:
419:
1222:Symbols of Louisiana
1202:Fossils of Argentina
762:Palmoxylon rewahense
743:Palmoxylon pyriforme
563:Palmoxylon contortum
553:Palmoxylon compactum
529:Palmoxylon bororense
502:Palmoxylon arcotense
308:Salamanca Formations
1197:Paleogene Argentina
936:Palmoxylon lametaei
795:Palmoxylon superbum
655:Palmoxylon lametaei
599:Palmoxylon edenense
420:Fossil specimen of
357:Specimens from the
1172:Fossils of Germany
813:Palmoxylon vaterum
693:Palmoxylon mathuri
646:Palmoxylon kamalam
641:Palmoxylon indicum
632:Palmoxylon hislopi
618:Palmoxylon eocenum
510:Dutta et al., 2007
489:Palmoxylon araneus
478:
425:
18:Petrified palmwood
1094:
1093:
1066:Open Tree of Life
993:Taxon identifiers
822:
808:
799:
790:
781:Palmoxylon sagari
776:
752:
733:
715:
706:
697:
678:
650:
636:
622:
613:
595:
585:
577:
538:
524:
511:
493:
472:Fossil trunks of
271:
270:
255:
16:(Redirected from
1229:
1217:Symbols of Texas
1212:Arecaceae genera
1162:Fossils of India
1152:Fossils of Egypt
1132:Oligocene plants
1127:Paleocene plants
1087:
1086:
1074:
1073:
1061:
1060:
1048:
1047:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1020:
1019:
1018:
988:
969:Lapidary-Journal
955:
954:
942:
929:
923:
922:
912:
903:
897:
892:
886:
876:
870:
861:
855:
843:
820:
818:Palmoxylon wadai
806:
797:
788:
774:
750:
731:
724:
713:
704:
695:
676:
663:Lameta Formation
648:
634:
620:
611:
593:
583:
575:
543:Palmoxylon colei
536:
522:
509:
491:
250:
243:
151:
150:
129:
119:
56:
40:Temporal range:
32:
21:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1082:
1077:
1069:
1064:
1056:
1051:
1043:
1038:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1014:
1013:
1008:
995:
978:
964:
962:Further reading
959:
958:
940:
931:
930:
926:
915:Current Science
910:
905:
904:
900:
893:
889:
877:
873:
862:
858:
844:
840:
835:
722:
466:
453:
437:rock collectors
428:structures are
414:
361:epoch (34 - 23
324:
296:Late Cretaceous
292:
249:
241:
145:
137:sp. wood round
120:
118:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
52:84.9–11.6
51:
50:
48:
42:Late Cretaceous
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1235:
1233:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1099:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1088:
1075:
1062:
1049:
1036:
1021:
1005:
1003:
997:
996:
991:
985:
984:
977:
976:External links
974:
973:
972:
963:
960:
957:
956:
924:
898:
887:
871:
856:
837:
836:
834:
831:
830:
829:
824:
815:
810:
801:
792:
783:
778:
769:
764:
759:
754:
745:
740:
735:
726:
717:
708:
699:
690:
680:
671:
666:
652:
643:
638:
629:
624:
615:
606:
596:
588:
579:
570:
560:
555:
550:
540:
531:
526:
517:
504:
499:
484:at this time.
465:
462:
460:of Louisiana.
452:
449:
413:
410:
406:Gulf of Mexico
323:
320:
291:
288:
284:petrified wood
269:
268:
262:
261:
257:
256:
239:
235:
234:
229:
225:
224:
219:
215:
214:
209:
202:
201:
196:
189:
188:
183:
176:
175:
170:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
139:
138:
131:
130:
122:
121:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
57:
39:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1234:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1137:Eocene plants
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1002:
998:
994:
989:
983:
980:
979:
975:
970:
966:
965:
961:
952:
948:
947:
939:
937:
928:
925:
921:(2): 182–183.
920:
916:
909:
902:
899:
896:
895:State Fossils
891:
888:
884:
881:
875:
872:
868:
867:
860:
857:
853:
849:
848:
842:
839:
832:
828:
825:
819:
816:
814:
811:
807:Ancibor, 1995
805:
802:
796:
793:
789:Ancibor, 1995
787:
784:
782:
779:
775:Ancibor, 1995
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
730:
727:
721:
718:
712:
709:
703:
700:
694:
691:
688:
684:
681:
675:
672:
670:
667:
664:
660:
659:Maastrichtian
656:
653:
647:
644:
642:
639:
633:
630:
628:
625:
621:Prakash, 1962
619:
616:
610:
607:
604:
600:
597:
594:Ambwani, 1984
592:
589:
587:
580:
576:Prakash, 1960
574:
571:
568:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
548:
544:
541:
537:Prakash, 1960
535:
532:
530:
527:
521:
518:
515:
512:(Cretaceous;
508:
505:
503:
500:
497:
490:
487:
486:
485:
483:
475:
470:
463:
461:
459:
450:
448:
446:
442:
438:
433:
431:
423:
418:
411:
409:
407:
403:
398:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
355:
353:
352:Early Miocene
349:
345:
341:
340:South America
337:
333:
329:
321:
319:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
290:Fossil record
289:
287:
285:
281:
277:
276:
267:
263:
258:
253:
248:
247:
240:
237:
236:
233:
230:
227:
226:
223:
220:
217:
216:
213:
210:
207:
204:
203:
200:
197:
194:
191:
190:
187:
184:
181:
178:
177:
174:
173:Tracheophytes
171:
168:
165:
164:
161:
158:
155:
154:
149:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
123:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
55:
47:
46:Early Miocene
43:
37:
33:
30:
19:
1107:Coryphoideae
1000:
968:
950:
944:
935:
927:
918:
914:
901:
890:
882:
879:
874:
864:
859:
846:
841:
826:
817:
812:
803:
794:
785:
780:
771:
766:
761:
756:
747:
742:
737:
732:Ottone, 2007
728:
719:
710:
701:
692:
682:
673:
668:
654:
645:
640:
631:
626:
617:
608:
598:
590:
581:
572:
562:
557:
552:
542:
533:
528:
523:Schenk, 1882
519:
514:Deccan Traps
506:
501:
494:(Paleogene;
488:
481:
479:
473:
458:state fossil
454:
434:
430:sclerenchyma
426:
421:
399:
369:and western
356:
325:
322:Distribution
312:Deccan Traps
293:
274:
273:
272:
265:
245:
244:
205:
192:
179:
166:
134:
35:
29:
1025:Wikispecies
885:(4):199-211
866:Ameghiniana
852:Fossilworks
821:Sahni, 1931
723:Romero 1968
696:Sahni, 1931
584:Sahni, 1964
451:Archaeology
412:Description
402:Toledo Bend
348:Late Eocene
282:named from
212:Commelinids
186:Angiosperms
1101:Categories
1031:Palmoxylon
1001:Palmoxylon
847:Palmoxylon
833:References
649:Rode, 1933
635:Rode, 1933
482:Palmoxylon
474:Palmoxylon
422:Palmoxylon
395:Gulf Coast
338:region of
328:Cretaceous
275:Palmoxylon
246:Palmoxylon
135:Palmoxylon
36:Palmoxylon
1192:Riochican
953:(1): 1–9.
685:(Eocene;
601:(Eocene;
565:(Eocene;
545:(Eocene;
371:Louisiana
359:Oligocene
336:Patagonia
266:See text
232:Arecaceae
156:Kingdom:
1016:Q7128439
1010:Wikidata
869:v.44 n.4
516:, India)
498:, Egypt)
387:mollusks
332:Cenozoic
260:Species
228:Family:
222:Arecales
199:Monocots
1071:3949270
1058:1373372
1045:4908929
464:Species
445:jewelry
391:beaches
383:sponges
375:Fossils
300:Miocene
298:to the
238:Genus:
218:Order:
160:Plantae
1084:189486
441:silica
385:, and
379:corals
304:Bororó
254:, 1882
252:Schenk
1053:IRMNG
941:(PDF)
911:(PDF)
367:Texas
344:Egypt
316:India
206:Clade
193:Clade
180:Clade
167:Clade
1040:GBIF
854:.org
350:and
330:and
306:and
280:palm
60:PreꞒ
883:129
850:at
363:mya
314:in
1103::
1081::
1068::
1055::
1042::
1027::
1012::
951:28
949:.
943:.
919:94
917:.
913:.
661:;
381:,
373:.
354:.
318:.
208::
195::
182::
169::
110:Pg
54:Ma
657:(
242:†
115:N
105:K
100:J
95:T
90:P
85:C
80:D
75:S
70:O
65:Ꞓ
49:~
44:-
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
