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489:, where President Maduro specifically decreed the petro's value would be linked to oil reserves in the area, has seen no petroleum-related activities and the oil rigs in the area appeared small, old and abandoned. Experts in economics stated that it was impossible to link the petro to the sovereign bolĂvar because no one knows its legitimate value. Though "reservations" were sold by the Venezuelan government to obtain petros, no petros had been released by the Venezuelan government.
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388:, VIBE recommended that the government sell $ 2.3 billion worth of petros in a private offering at a discount of up to 60%, indicating that "Maduro's valuation of the nascent petro faces significant market skepticism", followed by $ 2.7 billion worth of petros offered to the public a month later, with the remainder "shared between the government and VIBE". It also suggested that the government accept tax payments in petros as well as allow
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717:, stated that the petro was likely to wind up "in the graveyard", later saying of the petro, "It doesn't exist. The whole thing is a sham, a fraud. It was rolled out in January, and it doesn't trade. It is not considered by those who rate cryptocurrencies as even a cryptocurrency." Other analysts point to its government control or centralisation as its greatest weakness. Financial journalist
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564:, concluding that the currency "is a worthless token". But according to the white paper, the base price of the petro is equivalent to the price of a single Venezuelan oil barrel: 1 petro = 1 oil barrel. The official Venezuelan oil price is defined by the Venezuelan Ministry of Oil and Mining and the current price of the petro (during the
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stated that "it is relatively unsurprising that a dictatorship with little reserve currency ... has resorted to a deceitful means like introducing the petro ... the petro ... exists to create foreign currency reserves from thin air", further explaining that the creation of the petro has tarnished the
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by roughly 95% compared to the old hard bolĂvar. Additionally, the sovereign bolĂvar has a fixed exchange rate to the petro, with a rate of 3,600 bolĂvares soberanos to one petro. The petro's fixed exchange to barrels of oil is one to one (the market value was approximately US$ 60 at the time of the
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platform, but the white paper was changed at launch and the platform was to be NEM. However, even after the launch, white papers in various languages still shared conflicting information as to which platform the petro was part of. In
October 2018, the white paper was changed once again, and a core
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reputation of cryptocurrencies and that sanctioned countries "might pursue the same fraudulent strategy as
Venezuela: create a cryptocurrency tied to a government-controlled asset, raise money in violation of sanctions, and proceed to manipulate that cryptocurrency's value to maximize profit".
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will be able to sell and exchange the petro, allowing the market to define its price. While there is no mechanism to exchange petros for any other currency yet, the government is expected to back each petro with the value of one oil barrel obtained specifically from the
Atapirire parish of
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of the petro, which would put the value of the entire issuance at just over $ 6 billion. It also established a cryptocurrency government advisory group called VIBE to act as "an institutional, political and legal base" from which to launch the petro. Carlos Vargas is the "Superintendent of
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economic reporter Matt O'Brien said that "The petro might be the most obviously horrible investment ever... The petro is about creating something useless – that's why only foreigners can buy them, but only
Venezuelans can spend them".
734:, the organizations that rank cryptocurrencies have described the petro as a "scam", with sites like ICOindex, ICObench, Cryptorated and ICOreview giving negative reviews or not even rating the petro due to its status. Initially, from its
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investigated the petro six months after its ICO. When visiting the
Venezuelan Ministry of Finance headquarters in Caracas, the Superintendent of Cryptocurrencies did not have an office there and their promoted website did not exist. The
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Due to the unorganized launch by the
Venezuelan government, scammers were able to establish their own "petro" currencies on various cryptocurrency platforms, though these schemes did not garner much success.
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The petro's pre-sale started on 20 February 2018 and ended on 19 March 2018 where 38.4 million tokens were made available. The government stated the pre-sale raised US$ 3.3 billion, though according to
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prohibiting transactions in any
Venezuelan government-issued cryptocurrency by a United States person or within the United States, effective 19 March 2018, after claiming it was designed to obfuscate
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Venezuela is to start selling its cryptocurrency "Petro" next month. In a meeting with cabinet ministers, President
Nicolas Maduro (above) said it will launch the currency on 20 February.
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The cryptocurrency community's response was generally negative. Economist Jean Paul
Leidenz expressed concerns that the creation of the petro would encourage further hyperinflation.
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545:. The minimum required investment to acquire the crypto-asset in 2018 was 50 euros (or its equivalent) per digital wallet or 1000 euros (or its equivalent) per bank deposits.
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cryptocurrency, was announced in a televised speech given by
Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro. It was not clear whether the gold backing the tokens would be actual
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Gabriel Jiménez hated the Venezuelan strongman Nicolás Maduro. But he loved cryptocurrency. When he built the regime a digital coin, he nearly paid with his life.
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As of 2018 Venezuela legally allowed the use of petro for virtually any payment including oil trade, taxes, fees, real estate, gasoline, flights and more.
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or other currencies. However, President Maduro has made contradictory statements saying that the petro's worth may be determined solely by market value.
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cannot be created after the issuance. Members of the Venezuelan Ministry of University Education, Science and Technology allegedly under advisory of the
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decreed it mandatory to pay with petro for government document services and airplane fuel for planes flying international flights.
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changing by the day even after the petro's pre-sale. Petros were 100% "pre-mined" by the Venezuelan government, meaning that new
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developer of Ethereum, Joey Zhou, stated that the new petro white paper blatantly plagiarized from the GitHub repository of
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announced the petro in a televised address on 3 December 2017, stating that it would be backed by Venezuela's reserves of
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which was released in January 2018, the petro was missing some important information regarding its mechanism to its
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421:. The newest version of the white paper revealed that petro was a clone, effectively a fork, of the cryptocurrency
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1423:"Venezuela Is About to Become the First Country to Peg Its Currency to a Cryptocurrency. Don't Believe the Hype"
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against Venezuela, because it "would appear to be an extension of credit to the Venezuelan government".
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In August 2018, the Maduro government carried out a currency reform, centered around replacing the old
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742:. After a couple of weeks, a new version of the white paper was released which announced a different
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852:"Exclusive: Russia Secretly Helped Venezuela Launch a Cryptocurrency to Evade U.S. Sanctions"
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The coin is not sold on any major cryptocurrency exchange. No shops are known to accept it.
340:", and that it would make "new forms of international financing" available to the country.
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1885:"Venezuela's oil-backed cryptocurrency raised $ 735 million in one day, president claims"
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On January 15, 2024, the token was shut down and any remaining holdings were liquidated.
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468:. One sovereign bolĂvar is worth a hundred thousand hard bolĂvares. Under the country's
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was introduced, with the government stating it would be linked to the petro coin value.
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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reforms). As part of the reforms Venezuelans will be paid at least 0.5 petros a month.
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The technological identity of petro was perplexing during its genesis. Initially, the
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1739:"Venezuela's "petro" undermines other cryptocurrencies – and international sanctions"
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denying official involvement. On 1 October 2018, the cryptocurrency switched to an
1947:"Executive Order on Taking Additional Steps to Address the Situation in Venezuela"
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The design of the petro by the Venezuelan government has been controversial, with
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The second phase of the petro launch involves a public sale of 44 million tokens.
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designed the petro to circumvent United States sanctions, with Russian president
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1393:"Here's What Maduro Has Said of Venezuela's Petro Cryptocurrency - Bloomberg"
1284:"Maduro says Venezuela will issue $ 5.9 billion in oil-backed cryptocurrency"
1194:
Chohan, Usman W. (27 November 2017). "Cryptoanarchism and Cryptocurrencies".
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Maduro stated that the petro would allow Venezuela to "advance in issues of
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1915:"¡Confuso! Maduro asegura que ajustará el precio del petro cada seis meses"
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According to the official white paper, national and international licensed
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shows no method as to how the Venezuelan government will base the petro on
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On 5 January 2018, Maduro announced that Venezuela would issue 100 million
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Announced in December 2017, it was supposed to be backed by the country's
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2036:"Trading Lesson: New Government Coins Pose Existential Threat to Cryptos"
2010:"Donald Trump has banned all American use of Venezuelan cryptocurrencies"
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1638:"Special Report: In Venezuela, new cryptocurrency is nowhere to be found"
1583:"Venezuela crisis: How much is the bolivar worth today? Bs to USD to GBP"
1556:"With 1,000,000% inflation, Venezuela slashes five zeroes from its bills"
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890:"Venezuela Will Create New 'Petro' Cryptocurrency, President Maduro Says"
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1525:"Venezuela is launching yet another cryptocurrency to save the economy"
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923:"Cryptocurrencies as Asset-Backed Instruments: The Venezuelan Petro"
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1798:"Venezuela launches presale of state-backed 'petro' cryptocurrency"
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petros could only be purchased from the Venezuelan government with
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2066:"Crypto Rating Sites Are Already Calling Venezuela's Petro a Scam"
1163:"Enter the 'petro': Venezuela to launch oil-backed cryptocurrency"
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1677:"Venezuela's cryptocurrency is one of the worst investments ever"
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or some kind of share of the country's untapped mineral wealth.
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1610:"Venezuela devalues currency and raises minimum wage by 3,000%"
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1320:"U.S. warns investors over Venezuela's 'petro' cryptocurrency"
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1034:"Venezuela rolls out new currency amid rampant hyperinflation"
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and accessing international financing. On 20 August 2018, the
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Venezuela aims for crypto alchemy with new 'petro gold' token
1008:
Venezuela 'paralysed' by launch of sovereign bolivar currency
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228:
1064:"Maduro bids to revive Venezuela's 'petro' cryptocurrency"
1491:
Brian Ellsworth; Ana Isabel Martinez (21 February 2018),
1251:"Venezuela unveils virtual currency amid economic crisis"
371:
Also in January, as a response to the petro, Venezuela's
276:, and was intended to supplement Venezuela's plummeting
2100:
Nathaniel Popper; Ana Vanessa Herrero (20 March 2020).
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no independent audits were made to verify this claim.
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Ulmer, Alexandra; Deisy Buitrago (3 December 2017).
977:"Venezuela launches the 'petro,' its cryptocurrency"
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2123:Official website (archived from the 2021 original)
2008:
1737:West, Jack Karsten and Darrell M. (9 March 2018).
601:warned that participating in Venezuela's proposed
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1983:"Trump Bans US Use of Venezuelan Cryptocurrency"
721:expressed his support in light of the country's
1127:"Venezuela Plans a Cryptocurrency, Maduro Says"
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1623:
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2143:
1460:"Venezuela's 'Petro' Launch Was Amateur Hour"
556:Weiss Cryptocurrency Ratings states that the
8:
746:platform on which the petro would be built.
68:
605:for the petro cryptocurrency could violate
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1094:"Venezuela Kills Off Petro Cryptocurrency"
674:. Please do not remove this message until
298:As of January, 2020, Venezuelan president
1923:(in European Spanish). 7 September 2018.
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1381:
1313:
1311:
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694:Learn how and when to remove this message
412:stated that the currency would be on the
344:leaders, however, expressed doubt due to
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968:
670:Relevant discussion may be found on the
599:United States Department of the Treasury
382:In a document leaked to and reviewed by
4364:Internet properties established in 2018
839:
1232:
1221:
282:currency, as a means of circumventing
67:
3117:Decentralized autonomous organization
1927:from the original on 8 September 2018
1777:from the original on 2 September 2021
1732:
1730:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1648:from the original on 14 February 2023
1537:from the original on 26 February 2018
1454:
1452:
1450:
1416:
1414:
1318:Wroughton, Lesley (16 January 2018).
1121:
1119:
975:Rachelle Krygier (21 February 2018).
883:
881:
879:
517:-based design, which was copied from
472:to the US dollar the new currency is
360:, and $ 140 billion in foreign debt.
7:
3187:
1959:from the original on 20 January 2021
1351:"Venezuela presses ahead with Petro"
1330:from the original on 8 February 2018
1294:from the original on 8 February 2018
1263:from the original on 4 December 2017
1175:from the original on 3 December 2017
1139:from the original on 4 December 2017
1104:from the original on 19 January 2024
953:from the original on 4 February 2019
921:Chohan, Usman W. (7 February 2018).
902:from the original on 5 December 2017
624:and access international financing.
4374:2024 disestablishments in Venezuela
3902:Guayana Esequiba (Reclamation area)
1834:. Weiss Ratings. 28 February 2018.
1751:from the original on 24 August 2018
1636:Ellsworth, Brian (30 August 2018).
1589:from the original on 21 August 2018
1562:from the original on 22 August 2018
1435:from the original on 22 August 2018
257:, launched in February 2018, was a
1895:from the original on 19 April 2018
1808:from the original on 19 April 2018
1523:David Gilbert (22 February 2018),
1349:Gallas, Daniel (30 January 2018).
888:Chappell, Bill (4 December 2017).
864:from the original on 22 March 2018
25:
3127:Distributed ledger technology law
2078:from the original on 5 April 2018
2046:from the original on 3 March 2018
2023:from the original on 26 May 2022.
1883:Browne, Ryan (21 February 2018).
1864:from the original on 1 March 2024
1838:from the original on 6 March 2018
1796:Samson, Adam (20 February 2018).
1697:from the original on 5 March 2018
1505:from the original on 8 March 2018
1472:from the original on 6 March 2018
1044:from the original on 10 June 2020
987:from the original on 10 June 2022
568:) is referenced on its web page.
4369:2018 establishments in Venezuela
4349:Currencies without ISO 4217 code
4031:Ecological Movement of Venezuela
3198:
3186:
3175:
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1989:from the original on 7 June 2019
1828:"Bittersweet Story of the Petro"
1608:Phillips, Tom (20 August 2018).
1282:Gupta, Girish (5 January 2018).
1074:from the original on 18 May 2022
1015:from the original on 5 July 2022
850:Shuster, Simon (20 March 2018).
798:
784:
770:
649:
74:
36:
2034:Jon Markman (2 February 2018).
3593:Restorative Liberal Revolution
1675:O'Brien, Matt (5 March 2018).
1:
4379:Currencies introduced in 2018
1581:Hopps, Kat (21 August 2018).
1421:Mak, Aaron (22 August 2018).
2102:"The Coder and the Dictator"
1832:Weiss Cryptocurrency Ratings
1011:, BBC News, 21 August 2018,
346:Venezuela's economic turmoil
261:issued by the government of
3967:Democratic Unity Roundtable
3956:People's Electoral Movement
3890:Supreme Tribunal of Justice
3374:Venezuelan venezolano notes
3328:Venezuelan venezolano coins
2188:Cryptographic hash function
819:Hyperinflation in Venezuela
715:hyperinflation in Venezuela
676:conditions to do so are met
377:Democratic Unity Roundtable
375:, headed by the opposition
4395:
3663:2017 constitutional crisis
3272:Banco Central de Venezuela
4300:
4148:
4060:
3936:Movement We Are Venezuela
3792:Human rights in Venezuela
3777:
3699:
3638:1992 coup d'Ă©tat attempts
3573:Revolution of the Reforms
3543:
3170:
3147:Initial exchange offering
3122:Decentralized application
3102:Cryptocurrency in Nigeria
1771:"Petro Divisa on Twitter"
73:
45:This article needs to be
27:Venezuelan cryptocurrency
3809:Administrative divisions
3668:2019 presidential crisis
3648:2002 coup d'Ă©tat attempt
3583:Revindicating Revolution
3152:List of cryptocurrencies
3039:Crypto service companies
2830:Cryptocurrency exchanges
4359:Cryptocurrency projects
4354:Currencies of Venezuela
3782:Corruption in Venezuela
146:Government of Venezuela
4107:Science and technology
4021:Movement for Socialism
3931:United Socialist Party
3653:2002–03 general strike
3087:Complementary currency
2193:Decentralized exchange
2178:Cryptocurrency tumbler
1231:Cite journal requires
480:Following the reform,
3390:Venezuelan venezolano
3142:Initial coin offering
3097:Cryptocurrency bubble
2628:Basic Attention Token
2198:Decentralized finance
2183:Cryptocurrency wallet
1744:Brookings Institution
895:National Public Radio
708:Supply-side economist
634:Brookings Institution
603:initial coin offering
580:to be exchanged into
440:On 21 February 2018,
313:Venezuelan president
179:20 February 2018
4007:Agreement for Change
3946:For Social Democracy
3922:Great Patriotic Pole
3787:Torture in Venezuela
3756:World Heritage Sites
3731:Environmental issues
3137:Environmental impact
3107:Cryptocurrency scams
1468:. 21 February 2018.
1200:10.2139/ssrn.3079241
931:10.2139/ssrn.3119606
552:Price and volatility
338:monetary sovereignty
152:Government of Russia
4193:List of Venezuelans
4016:Progressive Advance
3804:Crisis in Venezuela
3558:War of Independence
3440:Withdrawn banknotes
3248:Venezuelan currency
2792:Inactive currencies
1363:on 20 February 2018
1259:. 3 December 2017.
1135:. 3 December 2017.
1100:. 12 January 2024.
1070:. 14 January 2020.
981:The Washington Post
756:The Washington Post
663:of this article is
470:fixed exchange rate
368:Cryptocurrencies".
70:
4183:Indigenous peoples
4117:Telecommunications
3714:metropolitan areas
3262:Venezuelan bolĂvar
2252:Proof of authority
2223:Non-fungible token
2203:Distributed ledger
2106:The New York Times
1723:on 21 August 2018.
1132:The New York Times
824:Venezuelan bolĂvar
792:Numismatics portal
507:Russian government
464:currency with the
354:Venezuelan bolĂvar
348:, pointing to the
181: (6 years ago)
140:Original author(s)
4336:
4335:
4296:
4295:
4135:
4134:
4047:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4039:
4038:
3991:Democratic Action
3856:National Assembly
3836:Foreign relations
3764:
3763:
3686:
3685:
3553:Captaincy General
3490:
3489:
3383:Former currencies
3214:
3213:
3034:
3033:
2513:
2512:
2213:Lightning Network
2042:. MoneyShow.com.
2019:. 19 March 2018.
2016:Independent.co.uk
1969:National Archives
1773:. 26 March 2018.
1038:www.aljazeera.com
704:
703:
696:
466:sovereign bolĂvar
373:National Assembly
292:sovereign bolĂvar
241:
240:
170:Petro White Paper
66:
65:
16:(Redirected from
4386:
4316:
4309:
4146:
4058:
4009:
3969:
3924:
3917:
3908:
3775:
3697:
3613:1958 coup d'Ă©tat
3608:El Trienio Adeco
3541:
3517:
3510:
3503:
3494:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3218:
3202:
3201:
3190:
3189:
3178:
3177:
3162:Virtual currency
3112:Digital currency
3092:Crypto-anarchism
2984:
2737:HBAR (Hashgraph)
2720:Other currencies
2356:Ethereum Classic
2283:
2159:Cryptocurrencies
2152:
2145:
2138:
2129:
2112:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2074:. 3 April 2018.
2062:
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1758:
1756:
1734:
1725:
1724:
1719:. Archived from
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1706:
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1672:
1661:
1660:
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1633:
1618:
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1558:. 26 July 2018.
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1399:. 20 August 2018
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806:Venezuela portal
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780:
775:
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688:
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679:
653:
652:
645:
487:Atapirire parish
274:mineral reserves
237:
234:
232:
230:
214:
211:
209:
207:
205:
189:
187:
182:
157:
156:
127:
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78:
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52:
40:
39:
32:
21:
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4339:
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4332:
4319:
4312:
4305:
4292:
4217:
4198:Public holidays
4131:
4035:
4005:
4000:
3965:
3960:
3941:Communist Party
3920:
3906:
3841:Law enforcement
3760:
3751:Natural Regions
3682:
3530:
3521:
3491:
3486:
3435:
3399:Withdrawn coins
3394:
3378:
3332:
3281:
3277:Venezuelan Mint
3250:
3245:
3215:
3210:
3166:
3132:Double-spending
3082:Blockchain game
3060:
3030:
2982:
2824:
2786:
2715:
2672:
2603:
2509:
2463:
2439:
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2156:
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2094:Further reading
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618:executive order
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456:Currency reform
438:
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176:Initial release
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4251:Miss Venezuela
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4112:Stock Exchange
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3878:Vice President
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3746:National parks
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3643:Vargas tragedy
3640:
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3618:Puntofijo Pact
3615:
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3598:1902–03 crisis
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3065:Related topics
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2519:Proof of stake
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2490:Nervos Network
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2117:External links
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1952:whitehouse.gov
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713:, who studies
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607:U.S. sanctions
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3011:LocalBitcoins
3009:
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2943:ItBit (Paxos)
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2277:Proof of work
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2267:Proof of work
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2018:
2017:
2011:
2004:
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1984:
1978:
1975:
1970:
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1954:
1953:
1948:
1942:
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814:Petrocurrency
812:
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763:
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728:According to
726:
724:
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656:
647:
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627:
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619:
615:
612:
608:
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600:
593:United States
592:
587:
585:
583:
579:
574:
569:
567:
563:
559:
551:
549:
546:
544:
540:
536:
532:
524:
522:
520:
516:
515:X11 algorithm
512:
508:
504:
500:
492:
490:
488:
483:
478:
475:
471:
467:
463:
455:
453:
451:
450:gold reserves
447:
443:
435:
433:
430:
426:
424:
420:
415:
411:
406:
404:
395:
393:
391:
387:
386:
380:
378:
374:
369:
366:
361:
359:
358:fiat currency
355:
351:
350:falling value
347:
343:
339:
334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
308:
306:
303:
301:
296:
294:
293:
288:
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280:
275:
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266:
264:
260:
256:
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236:
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222:
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149:
147:
144:
143:
142:
138:
133:
129:
112:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
86:Denominations
84:
77:
72:
60:
48:
43:
34:
33:
30:
19:
4281:coat of arms
4158:Demographics
4102:Oil industry
4092:Cooperatives
3981:Popular Will
3826:Constitution
3678:Coups d'Ă©tat
3628:El Porteñazo
3603:World War II
3203:
3191:
3179:
3056:Initiative Q
2414:Bitcoin Gold
2306:Counterparty
2301:Bitcoin Cash
2109:
2105:
2080:. Retrieved
2069:
2060:
2048:. Retrieved
2039:
2029:
2014:
2003:
1991:. Retrieved
1977:
1967:– via
1961:. Retrieved
1950:
1941:
1929:. Retrieved
1918:
1909:
1897:. Retrieved
1888:
1878:
1866:. Retrieved
1852:
1840:. Retrieved
1831:
1822:
1810:. Retrieved
1801:
1791:
1779:. Retrieved
1765:
1753:. Retrieved
1742:
1721:the original
1711:
1699:. Retrieved
1680:
1657:
1650:. Retrieved
1641:
1614:the Guardian
1613:
1603:
1591:. Retrieved
1576:
1564:. Retrieved
1550:
1539:, retrieved
1528:
1518:
1507:, retrieved
1493:
1486:
1474:. Retrieved
1463:
1437:. Retrieved
1426:
1401:. Retrieved
1396:
1372:
1365:. Retrieved
1361:the original
1354:
1344:
1332:. Retrieved
1323:
1296:. Retrieved
1287:
1277:
1265:. Retrieved
1254:
1245:
1224:cite journal
1189:
1177:. Retrieved
1166:
1141:. Retrieved
1130:
1106:. Retrieved
1097:
1088:
1076:. Retrieved
1067:
1058:
1046:. Retrieved
1037:
1028:
1017:, retrieved
1007:
1001:
989:. Retrieved
980:
955:. Retrieved
916:
904:. Retrieved
893:
866:. Retrieved
855:
778:Money portal
754:
753:
730:
727:
705:
690:
681:
659:
631:
622:US sanctions
614:Donald Trump
596:
570:
555:
547:
528:
525:Transactions
496:
479:
462:hard bolĂvar
459:
441:
439:
431:
427:
407:
399:
383:
381:
370:
362:
335:
312:
304:
297:
291:
279:hard bolĂvar
278:
267:
259:crypto token
254:
250:
245:
244:
242:
54:
46:
29:
4178:Immigration
4065:Agriculture
3726:Earthquakes
3588:1895 crisis
3578:Federal War
3548:New Granada
3157:Token money
3046:Hyperledger
2918:EDX Markets
2782:WhopperCoin
2678:Stablecoins
1931:8 September
1367:20 February
957:17 February
736:white paper
711:Steve Hanke
684:August 2020
558:white paper
529:During the
499:white paper
446:gold-backed
410:white paper
403:Steve Hanke
255:petromoneda
206:.blockchain
165:White paper
135:Development
123:100,000,000
4343:Categories
4241:Literature
4173:Healthcare
3673:Civil wars
3077:BitLicense
3021:QuadrigaCX
3004:bankruptcy
2968:ShapeShift
2913:Crypto.com
2800:BitConnect
2752:MobileCoin
2521:currencies
2380:Bitconnect
2375:Auroracoin
2279:currencies
2245:mechanisms
2173:Blockchain
2166:Technology
1920:La Patilla
1334:8 February
1298:8 February
1267:3 December
1179:3 December
1143:3 December
1108:19 January
906:5 December
835:References
750:Investment
744:blockchain
740:technology
719:Max Keiser
661:neutrality
616:signed an
578:Anzoátegui
562:oil prices
541:, NEM and
442:petro gold
436:Petro gold
342:Opposition
186:2018-02-20
80:Petro logo
18:Petro gold
4208:Squatting
4188:Languages
4168:Education
4127:Transport
4075:Companies
3986:A New Era
3868:President
3861:President
3831:Elections
3692:Geography
3524:Venezuela
3482:Bs100,000
3337:Banknotes
2908:Coincheck
2810:KodakCoin
2658:Shiba Inu
2643:KodakCoin
2633:Chainlink
2559:Injective
2533:Avalanche
2495:Primecoin
2243:Consensus
2071:Bloomberg
2040:MoneyShow
1691:0190-8286
1652:30 August
1593:22 August
1566:22 August
1530:Vice News
1465:Vice News
1439:23 August
1403:20 August
1208:158630573
1068:France 24
1048:22 August
1019:22 August
939:169091464
731:Bloomberg
672:talk page
641:Financial
611:President
588:Reception
582:bolivares
573:exchanges
287:sanctions
263:Venezuela
155:(alleged)
4323:Category
4261:Religion
4203:Refugees
4163:Diaspora
4070:Currency
3951:Tupamaro
3895:In exile
3851:Missions
3846:Military
3770:Politics
3633:Caracazo
3528:articles
3477:Bs50,000
3472:Bs20,000
3467:Bs10,000
3181:Category
2903:Coinbase
2883:Bitstamp
2863:Bitpanda
2853:bitFlyer
2848:Bitfinex
2772:SafeMoon
2732:Filecoin
2711:USD Coin
2579:Polkadot
2574:Peercoin
2554:Gridcoin
2548:Ethereum
2528:Algorand
2505:Vertcoin
2475:AmbaCoin
2405:Equihash
2395:Litecoin
2390:Dogecoin
2350:Ethereum
2326:Peercoin
2321:Namecoin
2316:MazaCoin
2218:MetaMask
2076:Archived
2044:Archived
2021:Archived
1993:19 March
1987:Archived
1957:Archived
1925:Archived
1899:19 April
1893:Archived
1868:19 April
1862:Archived
1858:"Inicio"
1836:Archived
1812:19 April
1806:Archived
1781:29 March
1775:Archived
1755:12 March
1749:Archived
1695:Archived
1646:Archived
1587:Archived
1560:Archived
1541:23 March
1535:archived
1509:23 March
1503:archived
1470:Archived
1433:Archived
1328:Archived
1292:Archived
1261:Archived
1173:Archived
1137:Archived
1102:Archived
1098:Barron's
1072:Archived
1042:Archived
1013:archived
991:10 April
985:Archived
951:Archived
900:Archived
868:22 March
862:Archived
764:See also
665:disputed
543:Ethereum
474:devalued
414:Ethereum
331:diamonds
323:gasoline
204:registro
107:Subunits
57:May 2022
4307:Outline
4271:Symbols
4236:Cuisine
4223:Culture
4141:Society
4122:Tourism
4053:Economy
3912:Parties
3883:Cabinet
3814:Regions
3721:Climate
3704:Borders
3536:History
3462:Bs5,000
3457:Bs2,000
3452:Bs1,000
3431:Bs1,000
3308:Bs0.125
3193:Commons
3072:Airdrop
3051:IQ.Wiki
3016:Mt. Gox
2987:Defunct
2973:Uniswap
2933:Genesis
2868:Bithumb
2843:Binance
2815:OneCoin
2777:Stellar
2663:The DAO
2653:Polygon
2623:Aventus
2538:Cardano
2331:Titcoin
2296:Bitcoin
2287:SHA-256
2082:5 April
2050:3 March
1963:2 March
1842:6 March
1717:"Petro"
1701:6 March
1642:Reuters
1499:Reuters
1476:6 March
1324:Reuters
1288:Reuters
1216:3079241
1168:Reuters
1078:14 June
947:3119606
539:Bitcoin
482:Reuters
385:Reuters
352:of the
309:History
224:Website
219:Website
184: (
121:⁄
115:
47:updated
4328:Portal
4276:anthem
4231:Cinema
4097:Energy
3819:States
3709:Cities
3658:Crisis
3526:
3318:Bs0.50
3313:Bs0.25
3303:Bs0.10
3298:Bs0.05
3293:Bs0.01
3255:Topics
3026:Thodex
2953:Kucoin
2948:Kraken
2928:Gemini
2898:Circle
2873:BitMEX
2858:Bitkub
2805:Coinye
2767:Ripple
2742:Helium
2706:Tether
2611:tokens
2609:ERC-20
2584:Solana
2543:EOS.IO
2447:-based
2435:Monero
2407:-based
2385:Coinye
2368:-based
2366:Scrypt
2343:-based
2341:Ethash
2289:-based
1689:
1214:
1206:
945:
937:
628:Others
503:tokens
493:Design
396:Launch
365:tokens
356:, its
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