689:
658:, polarized the political scene. The Petrograd Soviet moved steadily leftwards, just as those of the center and right consolidated around Kerensky. Despite the events in July, the Ispolkom moved to protect the Bolsheviks from serious consequences, adopting resolutions on August 4 and August 18 against the arrest and prosecution of Bolsheviks. Still wary of the Ispolkom, the government released many senior Bolsheviks on
25:
418:, came only from political groups, with every socialist party given three seats (agreed March 18). This created an intellectual and radical head to the peasant-, worker-, and soldier-dominated body. The executive committee meetings were more intense and almost as disorderly as the public meetings and were often extremely long.
699:
On
October 6, with a German advance threatening the city, the government - after advice from the military – made plans to evacuate to Moscow. The Ispolkom attacked the move, and Trotsky had the soldiers' section, who were mostly Mensheviks, vote on a resolution condemning the evacuation. The
366:
joined the soviet, and again moderates dominated. Non-representative voting and enthusiasm gave the Soviet almost 3,000 deputies in two weeks, of which the majority were soldiers. The meetings were chaotic, confused, and unruly, little more than a stage for speechmakers. The party-based
Ispolkom
544:
was created on March 8 to "inform... about the demands of the revolutionary people, to exert pressure on the government to dissatisfy all these demands, and to exercise uninterrupted control over their implementation." On March 19, the control extended into the military front lines with
782:, declaring the end of the Provisional Government and the transfer of power to the Petrograd Soviet. In the early afternoon, Trotsky convened an Extraordinary Session of the Petrograd Soviet, to preempt the Congress of Soviets. It was packed with Bolsheviks and Left SR deputies.
770:
sent armed groups to seize the main telegraph offices and lower the bridges across the Neva. That night, the
Bolsheviks took control quickly and easily, since the vast majority of both the guard and the workers had sided with them, participating in the plans of the "Milrevcom".
707:
threats. The Plenum of the Soviet voted for a committee to "gather... all the forces participating in the defense of
Petrograd... to arm the workers... ensuring the revolutionary defense of Petrograd... against the... military and civilian Kornilovites."
1155:
1202:
333:. They were freed by a crowd of disaffected soldiers on the morning of February 27, the beginning of the February Revolution, and the chairman convened a meeting to organize and elect a Soviet of Workers' Deputies that day.
668:
During the
Kornilov affair, the Ispolkom was forced to use the Bolsheviks' military as its main force against the "counter-revolution". Kerensky ordered the distribution of 40,000 rifles to the workers of Petrograd (some
1660:
758:
public statement as "a direct weapon of the counter-revolutionary forces". The military command responded with an ultimatum to the Soviet, which led to delaying negotiations and meetings on
October 23 and 24.
753:
took exclusive control of the garrison in the name of the
Soldiers' Section of the Soviet. The District Commander, Colonel Polkovnikov, refused to allow this control, and he and his staff were condemned in a
703:
On
October 9, the Soviets considered the creation of a Committee of Revolutionary Defense. The Bolsheviks and Trotsky amended the resolution to include security of Petrograd against both German and
824:) which would act as a standing-body of the (legislative) Soviet between full sessions of the Congress of Soviets, though in practice Sovnarkom would eclipse the CEC/TSiK in autonomy and power.
820:) – until the meeting of the Constituent Assembly. The Sovnarkom was meant to be an executive governing body directly accountable to the newly created Central Executive Committee (CEC/
738:
as his deputy. It was a front for the activities of the
Bolshevik's Military Organization. Podvoisky would take official control of the committee on the day of the uprising, with
433:), and issued a decidedly conditional statement of support. Moreover, the Soviet undermined the Provisional Government by issuing its own orders, beginning with the seven-article
1103:
1145:
785:
That evening, the Second
Congress of Soviets opened in the Assembly Hall in Smolny. The 600 or so delegates chose a Presidium of 3 Mensheviks and 21 Bolsheviks and Left SRs.
425:. This allowed the group to criticize without responsibility, and kept them away from any potential backlash. On March 2, the Soviet received the eight-point program of the
676:
As other socialist parties abandoned the Soviet organizations, the Bolsheviks increased their presence. On September 25, they gained a majority in the Workers' Section and
715:
approved the resolution, against Menshevik resistance, on October 12, and the Soviet approved it on October 16 (despite warnings by the Mensheviks and SRs), creating the
700:
Provisional Government postponed evacuation indefinitely. Its attempts to dispatch Petrograd garrison units to the front were resisted by the troops and by the Ispolkom.
1675:
326:
625:, and took advantage of the new socialist presence in the Cabinet to attack them for the failures of the Provisional Government. The Bolsheviks began a strong run of
573:
expanded to 19 members on April 8, nine representing the Soldiers' Section, and then the Workers' Section. All members were socialists, the majority Mensheviks or
1070:
1098:
926:
746:
and the Provisional Government had been cut out of control of the forces in the Petrograd Military District, since very few of them remained loyal to them.
409:
1670:
1175:
1665:
792:
rejected the workings of the Congress and called on the Soviets and the army to defend the Revolution. But in the evening, the Congress dismissed the
1680:
1187:
1130:
821:
594:
426:
1655:
1242:
1033:
550:
358:
was chosen as the official newspaper of the group. The following day, February 28, was the plenary session; elected representatives from
1224:
1594:
256:(Central Duma). During the revolutionary days, the council tried to extend its jurisdiction nationwide as a rival power center to the
892:
437:. The Soviet was not opposed to the war – internal divisions produced a public ambivalence–but was deeply worried about
108:
42:
809:
1165:
919:
716:
556:
In March 1917, the Petrograd Soviet was opposed to the workers, which protested its deliberations with strikes. On March 8, the
1232:
1060:
680:
was elected chairman. He directed the transformation of the Soviet into a revolutionary organ according to Bolshevik policies.
582:
252:
as a representative body of the city's workers and soldiers, while the city already had its well-established city council, the
89:
1511:
1483:
1311:
1264:
1135:
693:
494:
471:
257:
61:
46:
1614:
1212:
980:
310:
progressed and the economic situation worsened, encouraging street demonstrations and issuing revolutionary proclamations.
1450:
1259:
1006:
574:
390:
386:
314:
1589:
1170:
1065:
1050:
68:
1055:
912:
1609:
1634:
1276:
1207:
253:
609:
representatives). The mass meetings of the body tapered from daily in the first weeks to roughly weekly by April.
75:
35:
1604:
739:
267:
1619:
1021:
1011:
665:
In the August 20 municipal elections, the Bolsheviks took a third of the votes, a 50% increase in three months.
291:
1599:
57:
1016:
318:
303:
1629:
1085:
797:
504:(the "executive committee") of the Petrograd Soviet often publicly attacked the Provisional Government as
1624:
1045:
1301:
1108:
622:
363:
344:) was chosen, named "Provisional Executive Committee of the Soviet of Workers' Deputies" and chaired by
562:
438:
322:
287:
863:
1521:
1271:
1197:
1090:
960:
884:
670:
590:
249:
1539:
1463:
975:
935:
479:
271:
1506:
1435:
1352:
1329:
1028:
1001:
939:
888:
735:
376:
345:
179:
82:
762:
The Bolshevik-popular uprising began on October 24, when "liberal" forces tried to shut down
1534:
1430:
1400:
1367:
1080:
1075:
396:
349:
283:
234:
222:
210:
194:
184:
1569:
1420:
970:
801:
655:
585:(June/July 1917), the Petrograd Soviet began adding representatives from other parts of
1549:
1473:
1468:
1458:
1425:
1410:
1390:
1339:
1324:
1293:
1140:
805:
779:
688:
537:
337:
330:
156:
1649:
1559:
1529:
1501:
1491:
1415:
1372:
1362:
1357:
1347:
985:
731:
651:
riots from July 16–17, inspired but not led by the Bolsheviks, were without success.
317:) the entire leadership of the Central Workers' Group was arrested and taken to the
16:
City council of Saint Petersburg between the February Revolution and end of the USSR
1554:
1496:
1440:
1405:
1192:
1182:
904:
677:
382:
189:
1564:
1544:
1395:
1319:
533:
505:
475:
434:
307:
24:
1382:
1252:
1247:
1040:
855:
626:
566:
even claimed that the strikers were discrediting the soviet by disobeying it.
525:
490:
422:
262:
965:
648:
578:
557:
546:
467:
299:
1203:
Group of forces in battle with the counterrevolution in the South of Russia
647:) were printed daily. In July, over 350,000 leaflets were distributed. The
1160:
570:
529:
510:
442:
415:
354:
341:
290:
was created. But the main precursor to the 1917 Petrograd Soviet was the
606:
516:
421:
On March 1, the executive committee resolved to remain outside any new
359:
796:
and replaced it with a new group of 101 members (62 Bolsheviks) under
749:
The Military Staff was sidelined on the night of October 21, when the
763:
631:
586:
226:
336:
That evening, between 69 and 300 people attended the meeting at the
1237:
687:
659:
521:
348:, and with mostly Menshevik deputies. (Chkheize was replaced by
908:
1661:
Government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
497:
with the Provisional Government until the October Revolution.
18:
266:(Dual power). Its committees were key components during the
617:
The rise of the Bolsheviks throughout 1917 is known as the
466:
The Petrograd Soviet developed into an alternate source of
673:), many of which ended in the hands of Bolshevik groups.
260:, creating what in Soviet historiography is known as the
306:
in Petrograd. The group became increasingly radical as
454:
Petrograd Military Revolutionary Committee (Milrevkom)
591:
All-Russian Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies
730:
The Military-Revolutionary Committee was chaired by
441:
moves from the military, and was determined to have
1582:
1520:
1482:
1449:
1381:
1338:
1310:
1292:
1285:
1223:
1123:
994:
953:
946:
766:and take other steps to secure the government. The
692:Milrevcom proclamation about the disbanding of the
621:. The Bolsheviks rapidly assumed the mantle of the
248:The Soviet was established in March 1917 after the
229:at the time. For brevity, it is usually called the
219:
Petrogradskij sovjet rabočih i soldatskih deputatov
207:
Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies
170:
149:
141:
126:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
215:Петроградский совет рабочих и солдатских депутатов
654:The rise of Kerensky, and the later shock of the
389:8 October] 1917. – 26 October [
414:The members of the executive committee, called
367:quickly took charge of actual decision-making.
493:), in which the Petrograd Soviet competed for
462:Power struggle with the Provisional Government
920:
286:, and in 1905 the workers' soviet called the
270:and some of them led the armed revolt of the
8:
808:and the formation of a new government – the
121:
851:
849:
410:Executive Committee of the Petrograd Soviet
1289:
950:
927:
913:
905:
120:
589:and the front lines, renaming itself the
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1676:Organizations of the Russian Revolution
1188:Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine
1131:Provisional Committee of the State Duma
833:
595:All-Russian Central Executive Committee
427:Provisional Committee of the State Duma
302:to mediate between workers and the new
1243:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
485:This created a situation described as
593:. The executive committee became the
340:. A provisional executive committee (
7:
1071:Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)
881:Revolutionary Russia: New Approaches
840:
774:The following morning at 10 am, the
429:, appointed an oversight committee (
399:, December 13, 1917 – March 26, 1926
282:Before 1914, Petrograd was known as
47:adding citations to reliable sources
1034:Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic
298:), founded in November 1915 by the
225:(Saint Petersburg), the capital of
1156:Council of the People's Commissars
778:issued an announcement written by
457:Committee on Revolutionary Defense
14:
1671:Organizations established in 1917
1666:Legislatures of the Soviet Union
1166:Military Revolutionary Committee
717:Military Revolutionary Committee
581:representation. After the first
540:). A "shadow government" with a
23:
1681:Russian Revolution in Petrograd
1061:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
605:) with over 70 members (but no
583:All-Russian Congress of Soviets
379:, March 12 – September 19, 1917
313:On January 27, 1917 (all dates
145:1924 (renamed Leningrad Soviet)
34:needs additional citations for
1595:German Revolution of 1918–1919
1136:Russian Provisional Government
869:The Rise of Factory Committees
810:Council of People's Commissars
721:Voenno-Revoliutsionnyi Komitet
694:Russian Provisional Government
304:Central War Industry Committee
296:Tsentral'naya Rabochaya Gruppa
1:
1656:1917 establishments in Russia
1260:Socialist Revolutionary Party
1007:Ukrainian War of Independence
662:or promise of good behavior.
629:. In June, 100,000 copies of
294:(Центральная Рабочая Группа,
1171:Russian Constituent Assembly
1066:Red Army invasion of Georgia
1051:Estonian War of Independence
1615:Workers' Councils in Poland
1213:Ukrainian People's Republic
1056:Latvian War of Independence
814:Soviet Narodnykh Komissarov
445:troops firmly on its side.
1697:
1635:Belarusian-Soviet conflict
1277:General Jewish Labour Bund
1146:Pro-independence movements
879:Wade, Rex A., ed. (2004).
864:Lenin and Workers’ Control
407:
254:Saint Petersburg City Duma
1605:Hungarian Soviet Republic
981:Kerensky–Krasnov uprising
740:Vladimir Antonov-Ovseenko
619:Bolshevization of soviets
575:Socialist-Revolutionaries
393:8 November] 1917
385:, 25 September [
238:
214:
1600:Bavarian Soviet Republic
1590:Revolutions of 1917–1923
520:authority (control over
327:Minister of the Interior
221:) was a city council of
130:March 12, 1917
1017:Kiev Bolshevik Uprising
800:. It also approved the
788:The following day, the
727:or Military Committee.
431:nabliudatel'nyi komitet
319:Peter and Paul Fortress
1630:Slovak Soviet Republic
1610:Hungarian–Romanian War
1312:Provisional Government
798:Lev Borisovich Kamenev
696:
613:Rise of the Bolsheviks
472:Provisional Government
292:Central Workers' Group
258:Provisional Government
1302:Nicholas II of Russia
691:
1620:Polish–Ukrainian War
1022:Polish–Ukrainian War
1012:Ukrainian–Soviet War
684:October days of 1917
439:counterrevolutionary
323:Alexander Protopopov
288:St Petersburg Soviet
243:Petrogradskiy soviet
43:improve this article
1272:Union of October 17
1091:Kronstadt rebellion
1086:Workers' Opposition
961:February Revolution
900:- Total pages: 275
723:), also called the
623:official opposition
508:and boasted of its
404:Executive committee
250:February Revolution
239:Петроградский совет
123:
1540:Stepan Petrichenko
1464:Alexander Kerensky
976:October Revolution
936:Russian Revolution
742:as secretary. The
697:
637:Soldatskaya Pravda
542:Contact Commission
480:Alexander Kerensky
272:October Revolution
268:Russian Revolution
58:"Petrograd Soviet"
1643:
1642:
1625:Polish–Soviet War
1578:
1577:
1512:Alexander Antonov
1507:Maria Spiridonova
1436:Felix Dzerzhinsky
1353:Alexander Kolchak
1330:Alexander Guchkov
1119:
1118:
1046:Polish–Soviet War
1029:Finnish Civil War
1002:Russian Civil War
901:
816:, abbreviated to
736:Nikolai Podvoisky
377:Nikolay Chkheidze
346:Nikolay Chkheidze
321:on the orders of
203:
202:
180:Nikolay Chkheidze
119:
118:
111:
93:
1688:
1535:Maria Nikiforova
1431:Nikolai Bukharin
1401:Grigory Zinoviev
1368:Nikolai Yudenich
1290:
1151:Petrograd Soviet
1081:Tambov Rebellion
1076:Left SR uprising
951:
929:
922:
915:
906:
899:
898:
885:Psychology Press
871:
853:
844:
838:
563:Rabochaia Gazeta
449:Other committees
397:Grigory Zinoviev
352:in late March).
350:Irakli Tsereteli
284:Saint Petersburg
240:
231:Petrograd Soviet
216:
195:Grigory Zinoviev
185:Irakli Tsereteli
137:
135:
124:
122:Petrograd Soviet
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1574:
1570:Peter Kropotkin
1516:
1478:
1445:
1421:Semyon Budyonny
1377:
1334:
1306:
1281:
1219:
1208:Tsentralna Rada
1115:
990:
971:Kornilov affair
942:
933:
895:
878:
875:
874:
854:
847:
839:
835:
830:
802:Decree on Peace
686:
656:Kornilov affair
645:Okopnaya Pravda
615:
577:; there was no
551:Ministry of War
549:appointed with
474:under (Prince)
464:
451:
412:
406:
373:
331:Imperial Russia
280:
199:
173:
166:
133:
131:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1694:
1692:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1648:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1550:Semen Karetnyk
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1526:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1488:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1476:
1474:Boris Sokoloff
1471:
1469:Boris Savinkov
1466:
1461:
1459:Viktor Chernov
1455:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1426:Yakov Sverdlov
1423:
1418:
1413:
1411:Mikhail Frunze
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1391:Vladimir Lenin
1387:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1344:
1342:
1340:White movement
1336:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1325:Pavel Milyukov
1322:
1316:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1298:
1296:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1240:
1235:
1229:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1141:White movement
1138:
1133:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1104:Central Powers
1101:
1095:Interventions
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1004:
998:
996:
992:
991:
989:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
957:
955:
948:
944:
943:
934:
932:
931:
924:
917:
909:
903:
902:
893:
873:
872:
845:
832:
831:
829:
826:
806:Decree on Land
685:
682:
614:
611:
538:infrastructure
463:
460:
459:
458:
455:
450:
447:
408:Main article:
405:
402:
401:
400:
394:
380:
372:
369:
338:Tauride Palace
279:
276:
201:
200:
198:
197:
192:
187:
182:
176:
174:
171:
168:
167:
165:
164:
157:St. Petersburg
153:
151:
147:
146:
143:
139:
138:
128:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1693:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1583:International
1581:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1560:Viktor Bilash
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1530:Nestor Makhno
1528:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1502:Mark Natanson
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1492:Yakov Blumkin
1490:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1416:Joseph Stalin
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1374:
1373:Lavr Kornilov
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1363:Pyotr Krasnov
1361:
1359:
1358:Anton Denikin
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1348:Pyotr Wrangel
1346:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1284:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
997:
993:
987:
986:Junker mutiny
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
958:
956:
952:
949:
945:
941:
937:
930:
925:
923:
918:
916:
911:
910:
907:
896:
894:9780415307482
890:
886:
882:
877:
876:
870:
866:
865:
860:
857:
852:
850:
846:
843:, p. xxi
842:
837:
834:
827:
825:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
786:
783:
781:
777:
772:
769:
765:
760:
757:
752:
747:
745:
741:
737:
733:
732:Pavel Lazimir
728:
726:
722:
718:
714:
709:
706:
701:
695:
690:
683:
681:
679:
674:
672:
666:
663:
661:
657:
652:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
633:
628:
624:
620:
612:
610:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
567:
565:
564:
559:
554:
552:
548:
543:
539:
535:
531:
528:, the press,
527:
523:
519:
518:
513:
512:
507:
503:
498:
496:
492:
488:
483:
481:
477:
473:
469:
461:
456:
453:
452:
448:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
419:
417:
411:
403:
398:
395:
392:
388:
384:
381:
378:
375:
374:
370:
368:
365:
361:
357:
356:
351:
347:
343:
339:
334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
311:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
277:
275:
273:
269:
265:
264:
263:Dvoyevlastiye
259:
255:
251:
246:
244:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
212:
208:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
177:
175:
169:
162:
158:
155:
154:
152:
148:
144:
140:
129:
125:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1555:Fedir Shchus
1497:Boris Kamkov
1441:Alexei Rykov
1406:Leon Trotsky
1193:Green armies
1183:Black Guards
1150:
880:
868:
862:
858:
836:
817:
813:
793:
789:
787:
784:
775:
773:
767:
761:
755:
750:
748:
743:
729:
724:
720:
712:
710:
704:
702:
698:
678:Leon Trotsky
675:
667:
664:
653:
644:
641:Golos Pravdy
640:
636:
630:
618:
616:
602:
598:
568:
561:
555:
541:
536:, and other
515:
509:
501:
499:
486:
484:
465:
430:
420:
413:
383:Leon Trotsky
353:
335:
312:
295:
281:
261:
247:
242:
230:
218:
206:
204:
190:Leon Trotsky
160:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1565:Fanya Baron
1545:Lev Chernyi
1396:Lev Kamenev
1320:Georgy Lvov
1294:Monarchists
861:Chapter 12
635:(including
534:food supply
514:power over
487:dvoevlastie
476:Georgy Lvov
435:Order No. 1
308:World War I
1650:Categories
1522:Anarchists
1383:Bolsheviks
1253:Mensheviks
1248:Bolsheviks
1198:Red Guards
1041:Heimosodat
954:Revolution
867:, section
856:Tony Cliff
828:References
671:Red Guards
627:propaganda
560:newspaper
547:commissars
526:telegraphs
495:legitimacy
491:dual power
478:and later
423:State Duma
300:Mensheviks
134:1917-03-12
99:March 2024
69:newspapers
1451:Right SRs
1176:elections
995:Civil War
966:July Days
940:Civil War
841:Wade 2004
818:Sovnarkom
776:Milrevcom
768:Milrevcom
756:Milrevcom
751:Milrevcom
725:Milrevcom
649:July Days
579:Bolshevik
558:Menshevik
553:support.
530:railroads
506:bourgeois
468:authority
360:factories
315:Old Style
278:Formation
223:Petrograd
161:Petrograd
142:Dissolved
127:Formation
1484:Left SRs
1265:Left SRs
1161:Red Army
1109:Siberian
794:Ispolkom
790:Ispolkom
744:Ispolkom
713:Ispolkom
705:domestic
571:Ispolkom
511:de facto
502:Ispolkom
443:garrison
416:Ispolkom
371:Chairmen
364:military
362:and the
355:Izvestia
342:Ispolkom
172:Chairman
150:Location
1286:Figures
1225:Parties
859:Lenin 2
734:, with
607:peasant
517:de jure
470:to the
235:Russian
211:Russian
132: (
83:scholar
1233:Kadets
1124:Groups
1099:Allied
947:Events
891:
804:, the
764:Pravda
643:, and
632:Pravda
587:Russia
325:, the
227:Russia
159:(then
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1238:Nabat
822:VTsIK
780:Lenin
603:VTsIK
90:JSTOR
76:books
938:and
889:ISBN
711:The
660:bail
569:The
522:post
500:The
391:O.S.
387:O.S.
205:The
62:news
601:or
599:CEC
329:in
245:).
45:by
1652::
887:.
883:.
848:^
639:,
532:,
524:,
482:.
274:.
241:,
237::
217:,
213::
928:e
921:t
914:v
897:.
812:(
719:(
597:(
489:(
233:(
209:(
163:)
136:)
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
