159:
302:
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155:, meaning 'foot-companions', bolstering the importance of the phalanx to the King. Philip also increased the amount of training required for the infantry and introduced regulations on military behaviour. During Alexander's campaign, the phalanx remained more or less the same, with the notable difference being more non-Macedonian soldiers among the ranks.
262:
The phalanx used the "oblique line with reduced left" arrangement, designed to force enemies to engage with soldiers on the furthest right end, increasing the risk of opening a gap in their lines for the cavalry to break through. Due to the structure of the phalanx, it was weakest in the rear and on
198:
were carried in two pieces before a battle and then slid together when they were being used. At close range such large weapons were of little use, but an intact phalanx could easily keep its enemies at a distance. The weapons of the first five rows of men all projected beyond the front of the
254:
who were the most experienced
Macedonian soldiers and received about triple pay. The leader was followed by another two experienced Macedonian soldiers, with a third positioned at the very end of the file, all three who received about double pay. The rest of the file was filled up by more
147:. The first phalanx was a 10-by-10 square with very few experienced troops. The phalanx was later changed to a 16-by-16 formation, and while the date for this change is still unknown, it occurred before 331 under Philip's rule. Philip called the soldiers in the phalanx
199:
formation, so that there were more spear points than available targets at any given time. Men in rows behind the initial five angled their spears at a 45-degree angle in an attempt to ward off arrows or other projectiles. The secondary weapon was a shortsword called a
278:, elite infantrymen who served as the king's bodyguard, were stationed on the immediate right of the phalanx wielding hoplite sized spears and shields. The left flank was generally covered by allied cavalry supplied by the
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217:. All of the armor and weaponry a phalangite would carry totaled about 40 pounds, which was close to 10 pounds less than the weight of Greek hoplites' equipment.
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Neither Philip nor
Alexander actually used the phalanx as their arm of choice, but instead used it to hold the enemy in place while their
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131:, which then influenced his restructuring of the infantry. Philip's military reforms were a new approach to the current
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inexperienced soldiers, often
Persians during Alexander's campaign. The phalanx was divided into
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over 6 m (18 ft) in length, weighing about 6.6 kg (14.5 pounds). The
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for much of his youth (367–360), where he witnessed the combat tactics of the general
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247:, who—together with his subordinate officers—would form the first row of each block.
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Greek
Warfare from the Battle of Marathon to the Conquests of Alexander the Great
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209:, measuring about 24 inches and weighing about 12 pounds. The shield, called a "
150:
128:
83:, where it became the standard battle formation for pitched battles. During the
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between 334 and 323 BC. The
Macedonian phalanx model then spread throughout the
205:. The phalangites also had a smaller and flatter shield than that of the Greek
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91:(214–148 BC), the phalanx appeared obsolete against the more manoeuvrable
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512:(Summer 1977). "The Macedonian Sarissa, Spear, and Related Armor".
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formation and served mainly in a defensive role. Other forces—
595:. Morristown, New Jersey: Silver Burdett Co. pp. 58–59.
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broke through their ranks. The
Macedonian cavalry fought in
71:, a 6-metre pike. It was famously commanded by Philip's son
239:) numbering 16 men, for a total of 256 in each unit. Each
479:. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. pp. 145–150.
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of a
Macedonian soldier wielding a spear and wearing a
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274:
and was almost always stationed on the far right. The
396:. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books. pp. 62–72.
103:In 359 BC, following the Macedonian defeat by the
67:, of which the main innovation was the use of the
623:. Brookfield, Wisconsin: First Rate Publishers.
184:Each phalangite carried as his primary weapon a
259:based on geographical recruitment differences.
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394:Philip II of Macedonia: Greater Than Alexander
225:The phalanx consisted of a line-up of several
445:(Revised ed.). London: Greenhill Books.
290:, range troops, reserves of allied hoplites,
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123:took the throne. Philip II was a hostage in
135:warfare which focused on their shield, the
36:Drawing of a full 256-man phalanx formation
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305:General Macedonian battle formation
669:Ancient Greek military terminology
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515:American Journal of Archaeology
107:, which killed the majority of
173:Agios Athanasios, Thessaloniki
1:
664:Ancient Greek infantry types
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471:Brice, Lee L., ed. (2012).
75:during his conquest of the
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621:The Campaigns of Alexander
27:Ancient infantry formation
585:Connolly, Peter (1979) .
63:from the classical Greek
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588:"The Macedonian Phalanx"
233:, each of its 16 files (
117:Perdiccas III of Macedon
441:Greece and Rome at War
346:Battle of the Hydaspes
328:Battle of the Granicus
316:Battle of Crocus Field
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298:—were also employed.
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119:, Perdiccas' brother
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689:Philip II of Macedon
510:Markle, Minor M. III
390:Gabriel, Richard A.
340:Battle of Gaugamela
322:Battle of Chaeronea
243:was commanded by a
190:, a double-pointed
171:, from the tomb of
73:Alexander the Great
359:Hellenistic armies
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282:, which fought in
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42:Macedonian phalanx
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630:978-1-5077-6741-2
486:978-1-61069-070-6
403:978-1-59797-568-1
81:Hellenistic world
77:Achaemenid Empire
50:Μακεδονική φάλαγξ
16:(Redirected from
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568:. Retrieved
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310:Key battles
288:skirmishers
280:Thessalians
263:the right.
151:pezhetairoi
129:Epaminondas
99:Development
653:Categories
639:1004422169
365:References
276:hypaspists
231:syntagmata
18:Phalangite
544:192966553
437:(1998) .
296:artillery
252:dekadarch
227:battalion
221:Formation
180:Equipment
121:Philip II
115:and King
109:Macedonia
105:Illyrians
61:Philip II
57:formation
52:) was an
619:(2015).
558:Polybius
392:(2010).
353:See also
348:(326 BC)
342:(331 BC)
336:(333 BC)
330:(334 BC)
324:(338 BC)
284:rhomboid
241:syntagma
196:sarissae
175:, Greece
54:infantry
684:Phalanx
292:archers
215:sarissa
211:telamon
187:sarissa
144:sarissa
133:hoplite
69:sarissa
65:phalanx
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617:Arrian
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536:503007
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294:, and
236:lochoi
202:xiphos
168:kausia
163:Fresco
125:Thebes
540:S2CID
532:JSTOR
257:taxis
207:aspis
138:aspis
46:Greek
635:OCLC
625:ISBN
597:ISBN
572:2014
481:ISBN
447:ISBN
398:ISBN
192:pike
113:army
40:The
524:doi
111:'s
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