383:
berries while eating few seeds even when high in availability as shown in studies. This proves that heather voles generally do have a feeding behavior preference to leaves and berries rather than seeds. Other than feeding behaviors, these mammals use short burrow systems during the summer months and build their nests for reproduction under a rock or stump. The nests are consisted of leaves,twigs, grass and other plants. They have been reported as having a temper when captured, specifically researchers have observed male to male aggression and females with offspring having aggressive behaviors towards intruders. The females are the single provider of the young and heather vole females have an equal ratio of male and female offspring.
50:
73:
326:
night. Western heather voles are mainly found in open coniferous forests that contain small shrubs or vegetation on the outskirts as well as meadows in
British Columbia, Canada. This species of voles are relatively uncommon as only 52 were captured out of 659 total voles during a 3-year period in British Columbia while 366
365:
The range of western heather voles is restricted to the
Pacific Northwest of North America, specifically Canada and they are the most common rodent in this area of the subfamily Microtinae. The range of western heather voles is not well known but their range is from west central British Columbia then
356:
The western heather vole breeding season is from May to August and may be potentially shortened in populations living in high-elevations. A maximum of three litters has been reported with a pregnancy period of about 19 to 24 days and an average of 3 to 4 offspring per litter. Although these reports
373:
and the borders of forests as well as rock, grassland and herbfield habitats when available. There is a variety of habitats for this species but they tend to live in areas with more vegetation cover compared to rock cover. However, it has been reported that a mixture of medium to large rock cover
382:
While heather voles do have a feeding behavior towards seeds it was discovered that when provided different types of seed, heather voles had no preference between different types and ate very little seeds overall. This is thought to be due to the fact that P. intermedius mainly feed on leaves and
399:
from the
Pleistocene age have been found in northern Arkansas and Tennessee which is much more south then the current distribution. Lastly, during the Holocene time period, climatic change occurred and the only fit habitat was mountainous "islands" for the Phanacomys and eventually led to their
391:
The heather vole has also been split into three distinct clades, the Oregon and
California clade, the Washington clade and the Northern and Interior clade. It is speculated that intervals of glaciation over time may have led to the range growth and contraction of the species. It is thought that
325:
and was even called the "deceiver mouse " for this reason. The hair of the heather vole is mostly gray to brown but the underside hair color is white to gray. In addition, these voles have whiskers extending to about their shoulders. This mammal burrows and is most active during the evening and
366:
south to
California/New Mexico. There is an uncertainty of distribution such that they have even been found in parts of Alaska and this uncertainty is due to limited sample size of captured heather voles because they do not enter traps often.
342:
The summer and winter diet of heather voles is predominantly kinnikinnick, a small shrub with evergreen leaves that produces red berries. These herbivores also feed on soapberry leaves and fruits during the summer months. The winter diet of
347:
is bark of bush willow, dwarf birch,sheep laurel, and blueberry. Additionally, they do store food in piles at the entrances of burrows at night during the summer and winter then feed on the food during the day when it is safer.
400:
extinction in certain areas such as the Great Basin range. It is estimated that the
Heather vole diverged from its most closely related sister lineage in the same subfamily of Arvicolinae about 5.37 million years ago.
256:. They are small rodents with long fur and short ears, legs and tails. They eat green plants, seeds and berries in summer and bark and buds of shrubs at other times. Predators include
3287:
3326:
3390:
3261:
3300:
392:
geographical barriers were present during this cycle of climate change prevented clades from associating and coming in contact with each other.
3385:
836:
562:
Partial harvesting of dry
Douglas-fir forests:stand structure, range habitats and maintenance of biodiversity using small mammal indicators
3395:
2068:
414:, from an Asian ancestor. The earliest American fossils date from about 1.5 million years ago, and were discovered in present-day
2077:
3318:
3305:
2543:
2242:
2810:
780:"The first record of Phenacomys (Mammalia, Rodentia, Cricetidae) in Europe (early Pleistocene, Zuurland, The Netherlands)"
407:
voles suggest that the genus may have arisen relatively early within the evolutionary history of voles, probably in early
2368:
2059:
1736:
1530:
3313:
3222:
72:
2489:
1859:
1809:
784:
3331:
3059:
2783:
2740:
2590:
2095:
2041:
1929:
1919:
829:
2880:
2862:
2819:
2792:
2507:
2166:
2525:
2774:
2704:
2050:
1512:
940:
3162:
2713:
2677:
2359:
2350:
238:
204:
188:
59:
2483:
1328:
1286:
3352:
3227:
3137:
2534:
2233:
321:, known as the western heather vole is a small rodent with a short tail that very closely resembles the
1584:
1400:
1144:
1049:
3248:
3209:
3100:
3091:
2935:
2889:
2695:
2516:
2498:
2433:
2424:
1886:
1877:
1818:
1548:
1539:
1479:
1337:
1040:
822:
302:
292:
171:
357:
are of captive western heather voles and larger litter sizes of up to 7 are possible in wild voles.
3380:
1566:
1503:
1126:
1067:
931:
49:
2604:
2175:
2157:
1950:
1868:
1494:
1485:
1418:
1135:
949:
779:
693:
537:
67:
2566:
1649:
3357:
3339:
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3041:
2341:
1696:
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1427:
1319:
210:
3344:
3014:
2996:
2610:
2581:
2552:
2257:
2184:
2032:
1782:
1613:
1557:
1521:
1209:
986:
882:
793:
758:
745:
Historical biogeography of western heather voles in montane systems of the pacific northwest
720:
685:
652:
615:
575:
527:
487:
369:
They tend to use willow as their habitat the most and heather plants less. They also prefer
331:
3200:
2731:
2451:
2010:
1764:
1669:
1575:
1031:
814:
2898:
2686:
1992:
1959:
1895:
1013:
3118:
2332:
2266:
2148:
2086:
1749:
1456:
1346:
1301:
1251:
1176:
1058:
427:
3374:
3050:
2755:
2722:
1983:
1687:
1631:
1373:
1227:
1094:
327:
265:
227:
797:
3214:
3128:
2828:
2572:
2392:
2323:
2306:
1941:
1800:
1791:
1755:
1716:
1622:
1465:
1441:
1382:
1355:
1218:
1200:
977:
322:
253:
180:
154:
3240:
778:
van
Kolfschoten, Thijs; Tesakov, Alexey S.; Bell, Christopher J. (15 July 2018).
3274:
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2113:
1730:
1640:
1447:
1409:
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1364:
1310:
1185:
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1022:
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846:
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431:
144:
39:
2871:
2658:
2643:
2634:
1910:
1827:
1604:
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1076:
904:
894:
580:
559:
370:
257:
134:
3185:
3024:
2987:
2977:
2916:
2843:
2801:
2224:
1773:
1242:
1109:
1004:
967:
763:
742:
277:
272:
84:
657:
636:
17:
3179:
2926:
2625:
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2202:
2131:
1266:
914:
876:
864:
439:
411:
408:
104:
3266:
2959:
2950:
2292:
2284:
2210:
2018:
1974:
1710:
1663:
1598:
697:
541:
282:
3279:
2383:
1842:
888:
870:
858:
249:
124:
114:
94:
3156:
724:
689:
532:
515:
620:
599:
492:
471:
415:
242:
234:
374:
was used as a habitat greater than equal sized or smaller rocks.
230:
3160:
818:
3253:
261:
418:. Similarly aged fossils belonging to two extinct species,
711:
Lobo (2009). "Conifer-seed preferences of small mammals".
285:
of heather vole were considered to be a single species.
674:
Habitat use by Alpine
Mammals in the Pacific Northwest
3169:
3126:
3117:
3072:
3022:
3013:
2985:
2976:
2948:
2924:
2915:
2841:
2753:
2656:
2623:
2459:
2450:
2405:
2381:
2304:
2283:
2255:
2222:
2201:
2129:
2112:
2030:
2009:
1972:
1939:
1908:
1840:
1264:
1240:
1198:
1157:
1107:
975:
966:
912:
903:
830:
639:The Heather Vole, Genus Phenacomys, in Alaska
8:
736:
734:
593:
591:
553:
551:
509:
507:
505:
503:
465:
463:
248:These animals live in forested, alpine and
3157:
3123:
3019:
2982:
2921:
2456:
2301:
2219:
2126:
2027:
972:
909:
837:
823:
815:
48:
31:
762:
656:
619:
579:
531:
491:
252:areas, which often include plants of the
288:The complete list of living species is:
459:
281:, in this genus. At one time, the two
7:
2069:Ogilvie Mountains collared lemming (
807:– via Elsevier Science Direct.
3391:Taxa named by Clinton Hart Merriam
25:
470:Braun, J.K.; et al. (2013).
403:Unusual features in the teeth of
598:McAllister; et al. (1988).
71:
2078:Richardson's collared lemming (
798:10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.06.005
442:. Early Pleistocene fossils of
2369:North American brown lemming (
1:
2243:Przewalski's steppe lemming (
430:. During the Ice Ages of the
3386:Rodents of the United States
2811:Imaizumi's red-backed vole (
2490:White-tailed mountain vole (
845:Extant species of subfamily
438:voles lived as far south as
3060:California red tree mouse (
2784:Tien Shan red-backed vole (
2591:Lake Baikal mountain vole (
2096:Unalaska collared lemming (
2060:Nelson's collared lemming (
2042:Northern collared lemming (
1737:Schelkovnikov's pine vole (
1531:Liechtenstein's pine vole (
713:Canadian Journal of Zoology
3412:
2881:Hokkaido red-backed vole (
2863:Japanese red-backed vole (
2820:Northern red-backed vole (
2793:Southern red-backed Vole (
2544:StoliÄŤka's mountain vole (
2508:Gobi Altai mountain vole (
2167:Transcaucasian mole vole (
785:Quaternary Science Reviews
678:Arctic and Alpine Research
426:, have been discovered in
3396:Mammals described in 1889
2775:Western red-backed vole (
2051:Ungava collared lemming (
1860:Forrest's mountain vole (
1513:Mediterranean pine vole (
941:Southwestern water vole (
853:
645:Canadian Field-Naturalist
395:Additionally, fossils of
271:Some sources include the
201:
196:
186:
179:
68:Scientific classification
66:
56:
47:
34:
2741:Ward's red-backed vole (
2714:Yunnan red-backed vole (
2678:Kachin red-backed vole (
2360:Siberian brown lemming (
2351:Wrangel Island lemming (
1920:Duke of Bedford's vole (
3138:Long-clawed mole vole (
2535:Mongolian silver vole (
2526:Royle's mountain vole (
2234:Yellow steppe lemming (
764:10.1644/09-mamm-a-303.1
604:(Rodentia: Cricetidae)"
581:10.1093/forestry/cpr010
520:(Rodentia: Cricetidae)"
476:(Rodentia: Cricetidae)"
446:have been found in the
3101:Eastern heather vole (
3092:Western heather vole (
2936:Round-tailed muskrat (
2890:Grey red-backed vole (
2696:Southwest China vole (
2517:Central Kashmir vole (
2499:Silver mountain vole (
2434:Southern bog lemming (
2425:Northern bog lemming (
1887:Sikkim mountain vole (
1878:Linzhi mountain vole (
1540:Lusitanian pine vole (
658:10.22621/cfn.v118i3.18
602:Phenacomys intermedius
518:Phenacomys intermedius
345:Phenacomys intermedius
319:Phenacomys intermedius
297:Phenacomys intermedius
205:Phenacomys intermedius
189:Phenacomys intermedius
60:Phenacomys intermedius
38:Temporal range: Early
3353:Paleobiology Database
1504:Daghestan pine vole (
1167:(Voles from Pakistan)
1127:Caucasian snow vole (
1068:Japanese grass vole (
932:European water vole (
2176:Northern mole vole (
2158:Southern mole vole (
1951:Narrow-headed vole (
1869:Chinese scrub vole (
1585:Thomas's pine vole (
1495:Calabria pine vole (
1486:Bavarian pine vole (
1419:European pine vole (
1401:Schidlovsky's vole (
1145:Robert's snow vole (
1136:European snow vole (
1050:Middendorff's vole (
950:Montane water vole (
751:Journal of Mammalogy
303:Eastern heather vole
293:Western heather vole
237:name comes from the
3042:White-footed vole (
2705:Père David's vole (
2342:Beringian lemming (
1819:Zempoaltépec vole (
1697:Jalapan pine vole (
1549:Major's pine vole (
1515:M. duodecimcostatus
1428:Transcaspian vole (
1041:Maximowicz's vole (
514:McAllister (1988).
3140:P. schaposchnikowi
2997:Balkan snow vole (
2611:Flat-headed vole (
2582:Large-eared vole (
2553:Tuva silver vole (
2185:Zaisan mole vole (
1783:Long-tailed vole (
1614:Gray-tailed vole (
1567:Savi's pine vole (
1558:Alpine pine vole (
1329:DoÄźramaci's vole (
635:MacDonald (2004).
3368:
3367:
3340:Open Tree of Life
3163:Taxon identifiers
3154:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3113:
3112:
3085:
3035:
3009:
3008:
2972:
2971:
2911:
2910:
2856:
2851:(other Red-backed
2768:
2732:Yulungshan vole (
2671:
2474:
2446:
2445:
2418:
2317:
2298:
2279:
2278:
2216:
2197:
2196:
2142:
2123:
2108:
2107:
2024:
2005:
2004:
1930:P. liangshanensis
1853:
1765:California vole (
1739:M. schelkovnikovi
1670:Guatemalan vole (
1650:Townsend's vole (
1643:M. pennsylvanicus
1576:Tatra pine vole (
1533:M. liechtensteini
1277:
1170:
1120:
1032:Lacustrine vole (
962:
961:
925:
672:Reichel (1988). "
608:Mammalian Species
558:Sullivan (2010).
524:Mammalian Species
480:Mammalian Species
474:Phenacomys ungava
332:long-tailed voles
307:Phenacomys ungava
218:
217:
211:Phenacomys ungava
175:
16:(Redirected from
3403:
3361:
3360:
3348:
3347:
3335:
3334:
3322:
3321:
3309:
3308:
3296:
3295:
3283:
3282:
3270:
3269:
3257:
3256:
3244:
3243:
3231:
3230:
3218:
3217:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3190:
3189:
3188:
3158:
3124:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3020:
3015:Pliophenacomyini
2983:
2922:
2855:
2854:
2848:
2767:
2766:
2763:(some Red-backed
2760:
2670:
2669:
2663:
2473:
2472:
2466:
2457:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2371:L. trimucronatus
2333:Norway lemming (
2316:
2315:
2311:
2302:
2297:
2296:
2288:
2267:Steppe lemming (
2220:
2215:
2214:
2206:
2160:E. fuscocapillus
2149:Alai mole vole (
2141:
2140:
2136:
2127:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2087:Arctic lemming (
2044:D. groenlandicus
2028:
2023:
2022:
2014:
1852:
1851:
1850:(Mountain voles)
1847:
1830:M. xanthognathus
1776:M. chrotorrhinus
1679:TarabundĂ vole (
1672:M. guatemalensis
1506:M. daghestanicus
1457:Bucharian vole (
1430:M. transcaspicus
1347:Tien Shan vole (
1338:GĂĽnther's vole (
1320:Cabrera's vole (
1302:Anatolian vole (
1276:
1275:
1271:
1252:Sagebrush vole (
1169:
1168:
1164:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1097:M. sachalinensis
1059:Mongolian vole (
973:
924:
923:
919:
910:
883:Euarchontoglires
839:
832:
825:
816:
809:
808:
806:
804:
775:
769:
768:
766:
738:
729:
728:
708:
702:
701:
669:
663:
662:
660:
632:
626:
625:
623:
595:
586:
585:
583:
555:
546:
545:
535:
511:
498:
497:
495:
467:
328:Red-backed voles
170:
76:
75:
52:
32:
27:Genus of rodents
21:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3364:
3356:
3351:
3343:
3338:
3330:
3325:
3317:
3312:
3304:
3299:
3291:
3286:
3278:
3273:
3265:
3260:
3252:
3247:
3239:
3234:
3226:
3221:
3213:
3208:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3165:
3155:
3146:
3109:
3082:(Heather voles)
3081:
3080:
3078:
3068:
3051:Red tree vole (
3031:
3030:
3028:
3005:
2968:
2944:
2907:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2837:
2777:C. californicus
2764:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2749:
2723:Chaotung vole (
2707:E. melanogaster
2667:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2652:
2619:
2546:A. stoliczkanus
2470:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2452:Clethrionomyini
2442:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2401:
2395:M. schisticolor
2377:
2314:(True lemmings)
2313:
2312:
2310:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2275:
2251:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2193:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2104:
2098:D. unalascensis
2071:D. nunatakensis
2016:
2015:
2013:
2011:Dicrostonychini
2001:
1984:Szechuan vole (
1968:
1935:
1904:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1836:
1767:M. californicus
1688:Woodland Vole (
1632:Creeping vole (
1522:Felten's vole (
1497:M. brachycercus
1421:M. subterraneus
1403:M. schidlovskii
1374:Southern vole (
1273:
1272:
1270:
1260:
1236:
1228:Mandarin vole (
1210:Brandt's vole (
1194:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1153:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1103:
1095:Sakhalin vole (
1052:M. middendorffi
1043:M. maximowiczii
987:Clarke's vole (
958:
921:
920:
918:
899:
849:
843:
813:
812:
802:
800:
777:
776:
772:
741:Chavez (2010).
740:
739:
732:
725:10.1139/z09-070
710:
709:
705:
690:10.2307/1551218
671:
670:
666:
634:
633:
629:
597:
596:
589:
557:
556:
549:
533:10.2307/3504242
513:
512:
501:
469:
468:
461:
456:
424:P. deeringensis
389:
380:
363:
354:
340:
334:were captured.
316:
208:
192:
169:
70:
43:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3409:
3407:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3373:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3349:
3336:
3323:
3310:
3297:
3284:
3271:
3258:
3245:
3232:
3219:
3206:
3191:
3175:
3173:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3152:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3134:
3132:
3121:
3119:Prometheomyini
3115:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3098:
3094:P. intermedius
3088:
3086:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3057:
3053:A. longicaudus
3048:
3038:
3036:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2993:
2991:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2956:
2954:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2932:
2930:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2899:Smith's vole (
2896:
2887:
2878:
2869:
2859:
2857:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2829:Shansei vole (
2826:
2817:
2808:
2799:
2790:
2781:
2771:
2769:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2738:
2729:
2720:
2711:
2702:
2693:
2687:Pratt's vole (
2684:
2674:
2672:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2641:
2631:
2629:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2598:
2597:
2593:A. olchonensis
2588:
2579:
2573:Lemming vole (
2560:
2559:
2550:
2541:
2532:
2523:
2514:
2505:
2496:
2477:
2475:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2431:
2421:
2419:
2415:(Bog lemmings)
2403:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2393:Wood lemming (
2389:
2387:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2366:
2357:
2348:
2339:
2330:
2324:Amur lemming (
2320:
2318:
2299:
2281:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2263:
2261:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2245:E. przewalskii
2240:
2230:
2228:
2217:
2199:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2182:
2173:
2164:
2155:
2145:
2143:
2124:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2093:
2084:
2080:D. richardsoni
2075:
2066:
2057:
2048:
2038:
2036:
2025:
2007:
2006:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1993:Marie's vole (
1990:
1980:
1978:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1960:Radde's vole (
1957:
1947:
1945:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1926:
1916:
1914:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1896:Blyth's vole (
1893:
1884:
1880:N. linzhiensis
1875:
1866:
1856:
1854:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1825:
1816:
1812:M. richardsoni
1807:
1801:Singing vole (
1798:
1792:Mexican vole (
1789:
1785:M. longicaudus
1780:
1771:
1762:
1758:M. abbreviatus
1756:Insular vole (
1750:incertae sedis
1744:
1743:
1724:
1723:
1719:M. ochrogaster
1717:Prairie vole (
1704:
1703:
1694:
1685:
1676:
1657:
1656:
1647:
1638:
1629:
1623:Montane vole (
1620:
1611:
1592:
1591:
1582:
1573:
1564:
1555:
1546:
1542:M. lusitanicus
1537:
1528:
1519:
1510:
1501:
1492:
1473:
1472:
1466:Juniper vole (
1463:
1454:
1435:
1434:
1425:
1416:
1407:
1398:
1394:M. qazvinensis
1389:
1383:Paradox vole (
1380:
1371:
1367:M. kermanensis
1362:
1356:Persian vole (
1353:
1344:
1335:
1326:
1317:
1308:
1299:
1280:
1278:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1258:
1248:
1246:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1225:
1219:Plateau vole (
1216:
1206:
1204:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1183:
1173:
1171:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1142:
1133:
1123:
1121:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1092:
1083:
1074:
1065:
1056:
1047:
1038:
1034:M. limnophilus
1029:
1020:
1014:Gerbe's vole (
1011:
1002:
998:M. evoronensis
993:
983:
981:
970:
964:
963:
960:
959:
957:
956:
947:
938:
928:
926:
907:
901:
900:
898:
897:
891:
885:
879:
873:
867:
861:
854:
851:
850:
844:
842:
841:
834:
827:
819:
811:
810:
770:
757:(4): 874–885.
730:
719:(9): 773–780.
703:
684:(1): 111–119.
664:
651:(3): 438–440.
627:
587:
547:
499:
486:(899): 18–29.
458:
457:
455:
452:
397:P. intermedius
388:
385:
379:
376:
362:
359:
353:
350:
339:
336:
315:
312:
311:
310:
300:
241:for "imposter
228:North American
226:is a group of
216:
215:
199:
198:
194:
193:
184:
183:
177:
176:
162:
158:
157:
152:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
132:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
64:
63:
54:
53:
45:
44:
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3408:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3359:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3211:
3207:
3202:
3196:
3192:
3187:
3181:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3159:
3143:
3141:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3106:
3104:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3065:
3063:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3002:
3000:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2965:
2963:
2962:O. zibethicus
2958:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2941:
2939:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2904:
2902:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2846:
2845:
2840:
2834:
2832:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2758:
2757:
2756:Clethrionomys
2752:
2746:
2744:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2649:
2647:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2622:
2616:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2570:
2569:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2501:A. argentatus
2497:
2495:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2471:Central Asia)
2464:
2463:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2439:
2437:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2398:
2396:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2374:
2372:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2300:
2294:
2286:
2282:
2272:
2270:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2248:
2246:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2218:
2212:
2204:
2200:
2190:
2188:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2125:
2115:
2111:
2101:
2099:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2026:
2020:
2012:
2008:
1998:
1996:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1965:
1963:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1901:
1899:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1889:N. sikimensis
1885:
1883:
1881:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1833:
1831:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1681:M. oaxacensis
1677:
1675:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1652:M. townsendii
1648:
1646:
1644:
1641:Meadow vole (
1639:
1637:
1635:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1616:M. canicaudus
1612:
1610:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1459:B. bucharicus
1455:
1453:
1451:
1448:Afghan vole (
1445:
1444:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1410:Social vole (
1408:
1406:
1404:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1392:Qazvin vole (
1390:
1388:
1386:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1365:Kerman vole (
1363:
1361:
1359:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1331:M. dogramacii
1327:
1325:
1323:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1311:Common vole (
1309:
1307:
1305:
1304:M. anatolicus
1300:
1298:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1257:
1255:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1233:
1231:
1230:L. mandarinus
1226:
1224:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1191:
1189:
1186:Murree vole (
1184:
1182:
1180:
1177:True's vole (
1175:
1174:
1172:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1150:
1148:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1100:
1098:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1086:Tundra vole (
1084:
1082:
1080:
1079:M. mujanensis
1075:
1073:
1071:
1070:M. montebelli
1066:
1064:
1062:
1061:M. mongolicus
1057:
1055:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1023:Taiwan vole (
1021:
1019:
1017:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1003:
1001:
999:
996:Evorsk vole (
994:
992:
990:
985:
984:
982:
980:
979:
974:
971:
969:
965:
955:
953:
948:
946:
944:
939:
937:
935:
930:
929:
927:
922:(Water voles)
917:
916:
911:
908:
906:
902:
896:
892:
890:
886:
884:
880:
878:
874:
872:
868:
866:
862:
860:
856:
855:
852:
848:
840:
835:
833:
828:
826:
821:
820:
817:
799:
795:
791:
787:
786:
781:
774:
771:
765:
760:
756:
752:
748:
746:
737:
735:
731:
726:
722:
718:
714:
707:
704:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
668:
665:
659:
654:
650:
646:
642:
640:
631:
628:
622:
621:10.1644/899.1
617:
613:
609:
605:
603:
594:
592:
588:
582:
577:
573:
569:
565:
563:
554:
552:
548:
543:
539:
534:
529:
525:
521:
519:
510:
508:
506:
504:
500:
494:
493:10.1644/899.1
489:
485:
481:
477:
475:
466:
464:
460:
453:
451:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
410:
406:
401:
398:
393:
386:
384:
377:
375:
372:
367:
360:
358:
351:
349:
346:
337:
335:
333:
329:
324:
320:
313:
308:
304:
301:
298:
294:
291:
290:
289:
286:
284:
280:
279:
274:
269:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
246:
244:
240:
236:
232:
229:
225:
224:
214:
213:
212:
207:
206:
200:
195:
191:
190:
185:
182:
178:
173:
168:
167:
163:
160:
159:
156:
153:
150:
149:
146:
143:
140:
139:
136:
133:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
79:
74:
69:
65:
62:
61:
55:
51:
46:
41:
35:Heather voles
33:
30:
19:
3170:
3139:
3129:Prometheomys
3127:
3102:
3093:
3074:
3073:
3061:
3052:
3043:
3032:(Tree voles)
3023:
2999:D. bogdanovi
2998:
2986:
2961:
2949:
2937:
2925:
2900:
2892:C. rufocanus
2891:
2882:
2873:
2872:Royal vole (
2865:C. andersoni
2864:
2842:
2831:C. shanseius
2830:
2821:
2813:C. imaizumii
2812:
2804:C. glareolus
2803:
2794:
2786:C. centralis
2785:
2776:
2754:
2742:
2733:
2724:
2715:
2706:
2697:
2689:E. chinensis
2688:
2679:
2657:
2645:
2644:Kolan vole (
2636:
2635:Ganzu vole (
2624:
2613:A. strelzowi
2612:
2605:Platycranius
2603:
2601:
2592:
2583:
2574:
2565:
2563:
2555:A. tuvinicus
2554:
2545:
2537:A. semicanus
2536:
2527:
2518:
2510:A. barakshin
2509:
2500:
2492:A. albicauda
2491:
2482:
2480:
2460:
2435:
2426:
2406:
2394:
2382:
2370:
2362:L. sibiricus
2361:
2352:
2343:
2334:
2326:L. amurensis
2325:
2305:
2268:
2256:
2244:
2235:
2223:
2186:
2177:
2169:E. lutescens
2168:
2159:
2150:
2139:(Mole voles)
2130:
2120:(mole voles)
2097:
2089:D. torquatus
2088:
2079:
2070:
2061:
2053:D. hudsonius
2052:
2043:
2031:
1994:
1986:V. millicens
1985:
1973:
1961:
1952:
1942:Stenocranius
1940:
1928:
1921:
1909:
1897:
1888:
1879:
1870:
1861:
1841:
1829:
1828:Taiga vole (
1820:
1811:
1810:Water vole (
1802:
1794:M. mexicanus
1793:
1784:
1775:
1766:
1757:
1748:
1747:
1738:
1729:
1727:
1718:
1709:
1707:
1699:M. quasiater
1698:
1690:M. pinetorum
1689:
1680:
1671:
1662:
1660:
1651:
1642:
1633:
1624:
1615:
1606:
1605:Beach Vole (
1597:
1595:
1586:
1577:
1568:
1560:M. multiplex
1559:
1550:
1541:
1532:
1523:
1514:
1505:
1496:
1488:M. bavaricus
1487:
1478:
1476:
1468:B. juldaschi
1467:
1458:
1449:
1442:Blanfordimys
1440:
1438:
1429:
1420:
1411:
1402:
1393:
1385:M. paradoxus
1384:
1375:
1366:
1357:
1348:
1340:M. guentheri
1339:
1330:
1321:
1312:
1303:
1294:
1293:Field vole (
1285:
1283:
1265:
1253:
1241:
1229:
1220:
1211:
1201:Lasiopodomys
1199:
1187:
1178:
1158:
1146:
1137:
1128:
1117:(Snow voles)
1108:
1096:
1088:M. oeconomus
1087:
1078:
1077:Muisk vole (
1069:
1060:
1051:
1042:
1033:
1024:
1015:
1006:
997:
988:
978:Alexandromys
976:
951:
942:
934:A. amphibius
933:
913:
881:Superorder:
875:Infraclass:
801:. Retrieved
789:
783:
773:
754:
750:
744:
716:
712:
706:
681:
677:
673:
667:
648:
644:
638:
630:
614:(305): 1–8.
611:
607:
601:
571:
567:
561:
526:(305): 1–8.
523:
517:
483:
479:
473:
443:
435:
423:
419:
404:
402:
396:
394:
390:
381:
368:
364:
355:
352:Reproduction
344:
341:
323:montane vole
318:
317:
306:
296:
287:
276:
270:
254:heath family
247:
222:
221:
219:
209:
203:
202:
187:
181:Type species
165:
164:
155:Phenacomyini
58:
29:
3275:iNaturalist
3195:Wikispecies
2802:Bank vole (
2734:E. proditor
2680:E. cachinus
2666:(Voles from
2584:A. macrotis
2575:A. lemminus
2469:(Voles from
2427:S. borealis
2344:L. nigripes
2178:E. talpinus
2114:Ellobiusini
2033:Dicrostonyx
1953:S. gregalis
1922:P. bedfordi
1898:N. leucurus
1862:N. forresti
1821:M. umbrosus
1774:Rock vole (
1731:Hyrcanicola
1625:M. montanus
1578:M. tatricus
1450:B. afghanus
1412:M. socialis
1322:M. cabrerae
1295:M. agrestis
1254:L. curtatus
1212:L. brandtii
1179:H. fertilis
1160:Hyperacrius
1025:M. kikuchii
1005:Reed vole (
952:A. scherman
847:Arvicolinae
792:: 274–281.
574:(3): 1–15.
448:Netherlands
432:Pleistocene
371:wet meadows
314:Description
145:Arvicolinae
141:Subfamily:
40:Pleistocene
3381:Phenacomys
3375:Categories
3215:Phenacomys
3201:Phenacomys
3171:Phenacomys
3075:Phenacomys
3044:A. albipes
2901:C. smithii
2874:C. regulus
2822:C. rutilus
2795:C. gapperi
2716:E. miletus
2668:East Asia)
2659:Eothenomys
2567:Aschizomys
2519:A. montosa
2436:S. cooperi
2408:Synaptomys
2269:L. lagurus
2187:E. tancrei
2151:E. alaicus
2062:D. nelsoni
2017:(Collared
1995:V. musseri
1911:Proedromys
1634:M. oregoni
1607:M. breweri
1587:M. thomasi
1524:M. felteni
1313:M. arvalis
1147:C. roberti
1138:C. nivalis
989:M. clarkei
943:A. sapidus
905:Arvicolini
895:Cricetidae
454:References
444:Phenacomys
436:Phenacomys
405:Phenacomys
273:tree voles
223:Phenacomys
220:The genus
166:Phenacomys
135:Cricetidae
18:Phenacomys
3103:P. ungava
3025:Arborimus
2988:Dinaromys
2978:Pliomyini
2960:Muskrat (
2938:N. alleni
2917:Ondatrini
2844:Craseomys
2725:E. olitor
2698:E. custos
2602:Subgenus
2564:Subgenus
2528:A. roylei
2481:Subgenus
2353:L. paulus
2335:L. lemmus
2236:E. luteus
2225:Eolagurus
1962:S. raddei
1803:M. miurus
1728:Subgenus
1708:Subgenus
1661:Subgenus
1596:Subgenus
1551:M. majori
1480:Terricola
1477:Subgenus
1439:Subgenus
1349:M. ilaeus
1284:Subgenus
1243:Lemmiscus
1221:L. fuscus
1188:H. wynnei
1110:Chionomys
1016:M. gerbei
1007:M. fortis
968:Microtini
857:Kingdom:
803:14 August
278:Arborimus
258:mustelids
91:Kingdom:
85:Eukaryota
57:Skull of
3319:13000333
3180:Wikidata
2927:Neofiber
2743:E. wardi
2626:Caryomys
2484:Alticola
2462:Alticola
2293:Lemmings
2211:lemmings
2209:(Steppe
2203:Lagurini
2132:Ellobius
2019:lemmings
1871:N. irene
1569:M. savii
1376:M. levis
1358:M. irani
1287:Microtus
1267:Microtus
915:Arvicola
893:Family:
889:Rodentia
877:Eutheria
871:Mammalia
865:Chordata
863:Phylum:
859:Animalia
568:Forestry
440:Arkansas
420:P. gryci
412:Beringia
409:Pliocene
378:Behavior
330:and 241
275:, genus
197:Species
131:Family:
125:Rodentia
115:Mammalia
105:Chordata
101:Phylum:
95:Animalia
81:Domain:
42:- Recent
3293:1249862
3267:2438112
3186:Q847196
3062:A. pomo
2951:Ondatra
2646:C. inez
2285:Lemmini
2258:Lagurus
1975:Volemys
1711:Pedomys
1664:Pitymys
1599:Mynomes
1274:(Voles)
887:Order:
869:Class:
698:1551218
542:3504242
428:Yakutia
387:History
361:Habitat
283:species
172:Merriam
161:Genus:
151:Tribe:
121:Order:
111:Class:
3345:459318
3306:180358
2883:C. rex
2853:voles)
2765:voles)
2637:C. eva
2384:Myopus
2307:Lemmus
1843:Neodon
1129:C. gud
696:
540:
250:tundra
233:. The
174:, 1889
3358:41838
3332:56241
3288:IRMNG
3280:45713
3254:42342
3228:64760
694:JSTOR
538:JSTOR
416:Idaho
266:hawks
243:mouse
239:Greek
235:genus
231:voles
3327:NCBI
3301:ITIS
3262:GBIF
3241:6N62
3223:BOLD
805:2024
422:and
338:Diet
264:and
262:owls
3314:MSW
3249:EoL
3236:CoL
3210:ADW
794:doi
790:192
759:doi
721:doi
686:doi
676:".
653:doi
649:118
616:doi
612:899
576:doi
528:doi
488:doi
245:."
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2271:)
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2100:)
2091:)
2082:)
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2064:)
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1964:)
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