197:, to seek assistance in avenging the death of her son, claiming it was Arcesilaus' friendship with the Persian king that caused his murder. Arysandes pitied Pheretima and gave her Egypt’s army and navy to command. Before she left for Egypt, Arysandes sent a herald to Barca to ask who murdered Arcesilaus. The Barcaeans replied that they were all responsible for Arcesilaus’ death. When the herald returned to Egypt with this answer, the army marched with Pheretima to Barca. They called upon those Barcaeans responsible for the murder to surrender, but the Barcaeans refused, and the subsequent siege lasted for nine months. Both the Persians and the Barcaeans lost many men.
181:. While her son tried to recruit supporters in Samos, promising the men land in Cyrenaica, Pheretima asked Euelthon to give her an army to return to Cyrenaica. Euelthon refused to do so, but gave her various fine presents instead. Failing in her mission, Pheretima returned to Cyrenaica. Arcesilaus, however, recruited an army in Samos, returned with it to Cyrenaica, and retook his position. Arcesilaus murdered and exiled his political opponents, a decision which Pheretima probably influenced. Arcesilaus’ supporters received their promised land but they feared a backlash for their actions and ignored the oracle’s advice not to harm the Cyrenaean citizens.
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covered with wooden planks and earth in order to catch them. Amasis then invited the
Barcaeans for a meeting and they came. The Barcaeans accepted the offer of ending the hostilities in exchange for a fair sum paid to the Persian king. The Barcaeans agreed, and opened the city gates. When the Barcaeans marched out of the city to accept the terms, they fell into the trap. Pheretima ordered the Barcaean wives’ breasts to be cut off, and gave the rest of the Barcaeans to the Persians as slaves. The Barcaeans were resettled by King
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173:. About 518 BC, Arcesilaus demanded the return of the monarchical power his ancestors had possessed before his father's reform of the Cyrenaean constitution. This triggered a civil struggle in which Arcesilaus was defeated, and he and his mother were forced to leave Cyrenaica. Arcesilaus went to
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Amasis, the commander of the
Persian infantry, changed tactics once he realized that Barca could not be taken by force. He devised a plan to lure the Barcaeans out of the town based on a false offer to discuss an armistice. Amasis ordered his soldiers to dig a large trench in front of the city
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Pheretima was successful in avenging her son by punishing the
Barcaeans. She returned to Egypt, and gave the army back to the governor. While in Egypt, Pheretima contracted a contagious parasitic skin disease, and died in late 515 BC. With her death Cyrenaean independence ceased. Her grandson
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states that her father was also called Battus. She married Battus sometime before he became king in 550 BC. They had two children: a son,
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When Battus died in 530 BC, Arcesilaus became king. In 525 BC, Arcesilaus made an alliance with King
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Polyaenus: Stratagems, Book 8, Chapters 26-71, Adapted from the translation by R.Shepherd (1793)
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Dictionary of Greek and Roman
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Little is known of
Pheretima's life before or during her marriage. She was of
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became king, but
Cyrenaica became a vassal state of the Persian Empire.
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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman
Geography, by William Smith (1873)
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Penguin Books, The Bath Press - Avon, Great
Britain, 1996
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Spouse of 6th century BC Greek
Cyrenaean King Battus III
189:Arcesilaus left Cyrene for the Cyrenaean town of
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46:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
250:The Penguin Historical Atlas of Ancient Greece,
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77:Learn how and when to remove this message
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209:, and named their settlement Barca.
104:, died 515 BC), was the wife of the
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227:List of Kings of Cyrene
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312:6th-century BC regents
185:Regency and later life
171:Cambyses II of Persia
127:, circa 518–515 BC.
327:African women in war
317:6th-century BC women
165:Reign of Arcesilaus
203:Darius I of Persia
151:, who married the
147:, and a daughter,
139:Greek origin, and
102:Φερετίμα, Φερετίμη
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59:introducing
276:Categories
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239:Herodotus
215:Battus IV
159:Amasis II
141:Herodotus
131:Biography
121:Cyrenaica
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221:See also
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156:pharaoh
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149:Ladice
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