347:
331:
79:
450:
123:
743:
262:
31:
367:
305:
One of De l'Orme's primary accomplishments was to change the way architects trained and studied. He insisted that architects needed formal education in classical architecture, as well as in geometry and astronomy and the sciences, but also needed practical experience in construction. He himself was
98:. His father was Jehan de L'Orme, a master mason and entrepreneur, who, in the 1530s, employed three hundred workers and built prestigious buildings for the elite of the city. When Philibert was nineteen he departed Lyon for Italy, where he remained for three years, working on building projects for
618:
Hoffmann 1996; Potié 1996, p. 23 ("Il semble probable que cette stratégie d'ascension sociale ait été préparée de longue date par Jean de L'Orme qui savait que seule la hiérarchie ecclésiastique permettrait à un fils de maître-maçon d'espérer conquérir un statut plus enviable."). Jean is the modern
310:
to adding up the cost, making detailed three-dimensional drawings of vaults, judging if wood was dry enough, and knowing to stop digging the foundation when the first sand was encountered. He had scorn for those architects who could design a facade but had no knowledge actual construction. His
366:
297:
in the style
Ancient Greece." D'Argenville wrote the first biography and catalog of works. Though few of his building survived to be studied carefully, later important academic works on de l'Orme were written in the 19th and 20th centuries by art historians including H. Clouzot and
220:
on July 10, 1559 suddenly left him without a patron and at the mercy of rival architects who resented his success and his style. Two days later, on 10 July, he was dismissed from his official posts, and replaced by an
Italian artist and architect,
566:
346:
318:
His other major accomplishment was to resist the tendency to simply copy
Italian architectural styles; he traveled and studied in Italy, and borrowed much, but he always added a distinctly French look to each of his projects.
330:
229:. Beginning in 1565 wrote the first volume of a work on architectural theory, which was scientific and philosophical. It was published in 1567, and was followed by new editions after his death in 1576, 1626 and 1648.
306:
an accomplished scholar of ancient Greek and Roman architecture, as well as a humanist scholar. He argued that architects needed to be able to design and manage every aspect of the building, from the volumes to the
285:
for his "villainous Gothic ornaments" and his "petty manner". Nonetheless, his two major theoretical works on construction and design continued to be important textbooks, and were regularly republished and read.
184:
He also made a reputation as a writer and theorist, and as an innovator in building techniques. He invented a new system for making the essential wooden frameworks for constructing stone buildings, called
433:, which was moved to Paris after a major portion of the chateau was demolished, to illustrate for students the major works of the French Renaissance. It is attached to the front wall of the chapel of the
392:
and student of the antique, he yet vindicated resolutely the French tradition in opposition to
Italian tendencies; he was a man of independent mind and a vigorous originality. His masterpiece was the
225:, whose work was much in fashion. He had joined a religious order, and decided to turn his attention to meditation, scholarship and writing. He made another trip to Rome to inspect the new works of
682:
Hoffmann 1996, pp. 692–693. Only the arches of the bridge had been completed when work on it was halted upon the death of Henri II in 1559. The gallery on the bridge was likely designed by
189:, which was quicker and less expensive than previous methods and used much less wood. He demonstrated it before the King in 1555, and put it to work in construction at the new royal
385:, whom de l'Orme had met during his time in Rome. Its plan showed the influence of the Italian villas; and, like the Italian buildings, it was decorated with frescoes.
753:
548:, now the National Museum of the French Renaissance (mid 16th century). The wing he designed was destroyed in 1787, but vestiges are displayed inside the Chateau.
561:
686:(Hanser 2006, pp. 60–63). According to Hanser, although some architectural historians credit the obscure Denis Courtin for the gallery, it was probably Bullant.
758:
1413:
774:
1418:
1218:
828:
1428:
282:
277:
was demolished in 1664, as was his Château de Saint-Léger in 1668, to make way for classical structures. In 1683, he was denounced by
1443:
1102:
1362:
858:
843:
805:
788:
734:
708:
485:
Plans of the Chapel of Saint-Éloi, Paris (1550-1566), (Long attributed, but not documented. Only a portion of the facade remains)
978:
539:
1438:
205:
55:
141:. For a period of eleven years, he supervised all of the King's architectural projects, with the exception of changes to the
1423:
1433:
401:
1057:
408:, though only part of the building remains. His designs for the Tuileries (also given by Androuet du Cerceau), begun by
357:
1302:
245:, he returned to royal favor. He was employed on the enlargement of the Chateau of Saint Maur (1563) and, along with
1238:
1203:
1357:
1253:
290:
545:
1193:
916:
1077:
526:
413:
158:
150:
1248:
1127:
946:
517:
499:
469:
409:
190:
178:
174:
194:
1178:
1153:
1403:
1198:
796:
353:
222:
1143:
78:
926:
809:
1408:
1378:
1188:
1082:
971:
922:
475:
434:
423:
393:
337:
238:
166:
154:
127:
875:
1258:
1208:
1163:
1122:
381:
The first major building of de l'Orme was the Château of Saint Maur (1541), built for the
Cardinal
311:
opponents scorned him for his background as the son of a masonry contractor. He was referred to by
294:
278:
242:
199:
1297:
1092:
908:
895:
217:
138:
110:
to the
Vatican, who became his protector and client. Du Bellay was also the patron of his friend
993:
1292:
1168:
1158:
1067:
854:
839:
824:
801:
784:
730:
722:
704:
479:
449:
430:
397:
131:
111:
1342:
1277:
1097:
1013:
925:
at the
Internet Archive from the Research Library of the Getty Research Institute (includes
912:
817:
Philibert De L'Orme (1514-1570). Un architecte dans l'histoire: Arts - Sciences - Techniques
373:
274:
250:
170:
901:
273:
that followed his death, his reputation suffered. The grand stairway that he built at the
1213:
1183:
1052:
964:
312:
270:
46:
947:
French
Renaissance architectural treatises, Centre d'Etudes Supérieures de la Renaissance
340:, now serving as the facade of the chapel at the Ecole Nationale des Beaux-Arts in Paris
1228:
1223:
1117:
1087:
1072:
1062:
714:
382:
122:
103:
1397:
1233:
1148:
1107:
1042:
1027:
749:
465:
438:
299:
146:
114:. In about 1540 de l'Orme moved to Paris, and was soon occupied with royal projects.
107:
99:
938:
30:
1328:
1323:
1243:
1173:
1112:
951:
683:
293:, who wrote in 1787 that he had "abandoned the Gothic covering in order to redress
246:
226:
162:
17:
1047:
1008:
891:
261:
453:
de l'Orme is credited with popularizing this roof form now sometimes called a
418:
766:
429:
The most easily viewed work of de l'Orme in Paris is the court facade of the
1263:
567:
Basilica of the
National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
51:
956:
389:
388:
Much of his work has disappeared, but his fame remains. He was an ardent
879:
726:
492:
289:
His reputation rose again in the 18th century, through the writings of
533:
142:
253:(1564). He died in Paris in 1570, while this project was underway.
448:
265:
Garden facade of the
Chateau de Saint-Maur (1541, demolished 1796)
260:
121:
77:
29:
95:
83:
960:
851:
Philibert de L'Orme : Figures de la pensées constructive
315:
as "The god of the stone masons", which deeply offended him.
505:
Château de Villers-Cotterêts, southern portion( 1547-1559)
137:
On April 3, 1548 he was a named architect of the King by
94:
Philbert de l'Orme was born between 3 and 9 June 1514 in
836:
Philibert De l'Orme : Architecte du roi (1514–1570)
508:
Chapel of the Château of Villers-Cotterêts (1552-1553)
491:
Facade of the residence of the Vicomte of the Duchy of
800:, 34 volumes, edited by Jane Turner. New York: Grove.
50:) (3-9 June 1514 – 8 January 1570) was a French
794:
Hoffmann, Volker (1996). "L'Orme , Philibert de" in
511:
Royal Château of Saint-Léger-en-Yvelines (demolished)
412:
in 1565, were magnificent. His work is also seen at
34:
Portrait of Philibert de l'Orme, from a book of 1626
1371:
1350:
1341:
1311:
1285:
1276:
1136:
1035:
1026:
1001:
992:
636:
634:
212:Out of favor - architectural theorist (1559-1563)
145:, which were planned by another royal architect,
669:
667:
657:
655:
605:
603:
601:
551:Roofs of the towers of the Château de Bonnemare.
461:Château de Saint-Maur (1541), demolished in 1796
356:was designed and built by de l'Orme (drawing by
586:Hoffmann 1996; Pérouse de Montclos 2000, p. 19.
972:
8:
762:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
54:and writer, and one of the great masters of
1347:
1282:
1032:
998:
979:
965:
957:
783:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.
269:In the 17th century, during the period of
699:Boudon, Françoise (1999). "De l'Orme" in
834:Pérouse de Montclos, Jean-Marie (2000).
562:Catherine de' Medici's building projects
376:(drawing by Jacques Androuet du Cerceau)
372:Elevations of the de l'Orme wing of the
102:. In Rome he was introduced to Cardinal
579:
426:remains a perfect specimen of his art.
326:
118:Royal architect of Henry II (1548-1559)
649:Pérouse de Montclos 2000, pp. 334–336.
400:, the plans of which are preserved in
894:at the website of the Library of the
872:Nouvelles inventions pour bien bastir
815:Lemerle, F. & Y. Pauwels (2016).
498:Completion of Sainte-Chapelle at the
45:
7:
703:. Paris: Encyclopaedia Universalis.
939:English translation of de l'Orme's
812:(article updated 26 November 2003).
406:Plus excellens bastimens de France
149:. His major projects included the
25:
1363:Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume
941:Le premier tome de l'architecture
915:from the Research Library of the
885:Le premier tome de l'architecture
569:, influenced by Philibert Delorme
488:Attribution du château d'Acquigny
352:The bridge over the Loire of the
233:Royal architect again (1563-1570)
177:, and major modifications to the
1219:Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine
952:Palladio's Literary Predecessors
741:
540:Chateau of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
365:
345:
329:
1103:Napoleon III's Louvre expansion
422:; and his tomb of Francis I at
206:Forest of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
193:and at the royal hunting lodge
56:French Renaissance architecture
1414:16th-century French architects
1239:Edmond Jean Baptiste Guillaume
1229:Louis-Tullius-Joachim Visconti
1204:Auguste Cheval de Saint-Hubert
1164:Jacques Androuet II Du Cerceau
927:de l'Orme's portrait engraving
514:Château de Meudon (attributed)
58:. His surname is also written
1:
1419:16th-century French sculptors
767:Catholic Encyclopedia article
396:(1552–1559), built for
323:Works attributed to de l'Orme
151:Château de St Maur-des-Fossés
1058:Petite Galerie of the Louvre
701:Dictionnaire des Architectes
1429:French architecture writers
402:Jacques Androuet du Cerceau
358:Jacques Androuet du Cerceau
27:French architect and writer
1460:
931:Invention pour bien bastir
853:. Marseille: Parenthèses.
525:The bridge upon which the
1444:French military engineers
1224:Félix Louis Jacques Duban
779:Hanser, David A. (2006).
640:Boudon 1999, pp. 204–205.
522:Château de Thoiry (1560s)
482:. Only one wing remains.
106:, the Ambassador of King
82:The Hôtel de Bullioud in
1194:Jacques-Germain Soufflot
987:The Louvre and Tuileries
917:Getty Research Institute
849:Potié, Philippe (1996).
823:17). Turnhout: Brepols.
47:[filibɛːʁdəlɔʁm]
1249:Victor-Auguste Blavette
1128:Louvre Inverted Pyramid
759:Encyclopædia Britannica
478:(1547-1555), built for
470:Basilica of Saint-Denis
249:, on additions to the
187:charpente à petits bois
179:Palace of Fontainebleau
1439:Renaissance architects
781:Architecture of France
721:. London: A. Zwemmer.
457:
437:, and is visible from
291:Dezallier d'Argenville
266:
134:
86:
35:
1424:French male sculptors
1303:Théâtre des Tuileries
1078:Pavillon de l'Horloge
797:The Dictionary of Art
527:Château de Chenonceau
452:
445:Partial list of works
354:Chateau de Chenonceau
264:
223:Francesco Primaticcio
159:Château de Chenonceau
125:
81:
33:
1434:Architects from Lyon
1358:Musée de l'Orangerie
1343:Jardin des Tuileries
1278:Palais des Tuileries
1234:Hector-Martin Lefuel
1189:Ange-Jacques Gabriel
1014:The Louvre Abu Dhabi
754:De L'Orme, Philibert
673:Boudon 1999, p. 206.
661:Boudon 1999, p. 205.
609:Boudon 1999, p. 204.
595:Blunt 1958, p. xiii.
538:Portions of the new
518:Château de Montceaux
500:Château de Vincennes
435:Ecole des Beaux-Arts
424:Saint Denis Basilica
410:Catherine de' Medici
336:Court facade of the
191:Château de Montceaux
175:Château de Vincennes
1319:Philibert de l'Orme
1209:Jean-Arnaud Raymond
1154:Pierre II Chambiges
1123:Carrousel du Louvre
821:Études Renaissantes
775:Philibert de l'Orme
719:Philibert de l'Orme
295:French architecture
243:Catherine de Medici
39:Philibert de l'Orme
1351:Sections in detail
1298:Pavillon de Marsan
1286:Sections in detail
1199:Maximilien Brebion
1093:Pavillon de Marsan
1036:Sections in detail
896:University of Bern
619:spelling of Jehan.
458:
322:
267:
218:Henry II of France
135:
87:
36:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1337:
1336:
1293:Pavillon de Flore
1272:
1271:
1169:Jacques Lemercier
1144:Raymond du Temple
1083:Galerie d'Apollon
1068:Pavillon de Flore
1022:
1021:
838:. Paris: Mengès.
829:978-2-503-56560-6
810:Oxford Art Online
628:Blunt 1958, p. 7.
480:Diane de Poitiers
416:and other famous
398:Diane de Poitiers
167:Château de Madrid
132:Diane de Poitiers
112:Francois Rabelais
18:Philibert Delorme
16:(Redirected from
1451:
1348:
1283:
1179:François d'Orbay
1098:Louvre Colonnade
1033:
1028:Palais du Louvre
999:
981:
974:
967:
958:
913:Internet Archive
773:
763:
747:
745:
744:
687:
680:
674:
671:
662:
659:
650:
647:
641:
638:
629:
626:
620:
616:
610:
607:
596:
593:
587:
584:
546:Château d'Écouen
532:Portions of the
374:Tuileries Palace
369:
349:
333:
279:François Blondel
275:Tuileries Palace
251:Tuileries Palace
203:
171:Bois de Boulogne
49:
44:
21:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1383:
1367:
1333:
1307:
1268:
1254:Camille Lefèvre
1214:Charles Percier
1184:Claude Perrault
1132:
1053:Pavillon du Roi
1018:
1009:The Louvre-Lens
994:Musée du Louvre
988:
985:
868:
771:
752:, ed. (1911). "
748:
742:
740:
696:
691:
690:
681:
677:
672:
665:
660:
653:
648:
644:
639:
632:
627:
623:
617:
613:
608:
599:
594:
590:
585:
581:
576:
558:
447:
377:
370:
361:
350:
341:
334:
325:
313:Bernard Palissy
271:Louis XIV style
259:
235:
214:
197:
120:
92:
76:
42:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1457:
1455:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1396:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1379:André Le Nôtre
1375:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1354:
1352:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1289:
1287:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1159:Louis Métezeau
1156:
1151:
1146:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1118:Louvre Pyramid
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1063:Grande Galerie
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1039:
1037:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1005:
1003:
1002:Branch museums
996:
990:
989:
986:
984:
983:
976:
969:
961:
955:
954:
949:
944:
936:
935:
934:
919:
905:
898:
882:
867:
866:External links
864:
863:
862:
847:
832:
813:
792:
777:
769:
764:
750:Chisholm, Hugh
738:
715:Blunt, Anthony
712:
695:
692:
689:
688:
675:
663:
651:
642:
630:
621:
611:
597:
588:
578:
577:
575:
572:
571:
570:
564:
557:
554:
553:
552:
549:
542:
536:
530:
529:is constructed
523:
520:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
496:
489:
486:
483:
476:Château d'Anet
473:
472:, Paris (1547)
462:
455:de l'Orme roof
446:
443:
431:Chateau d'Anet
394:Château d'Anet
383:Jean du Bellay
379:
378:
371:
364:
362:
351:
344:
342:
338:Château d'Anet
335:
328:
324:
321:
258:
255:
234:
231:
213:
210:
155:Château d'Anet
128:Château d'Anet
126:Portal to the
119:
116:
104:Jean du Bellay
91:
88:
75:
72:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1456:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1259:Albert Ferran
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1149:Pierre Lescot
1147:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1108:Escalier Daru
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1043:Louvre Castle
1041:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1000:
997:
995:
991:
982:
977:
975:
970:
968:
963:
962:
959:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
942:
937:
932:
928:
924:
920:
918:
914:
910:
906:
903:
902:illustrations
899:
897:
893:
889:
888:
886:
883:
881:
877:
873:
870:
869:
865:
860:
859:9782863640708
856:
852:
848:
845:
844:9782856204085
841:
837:
833:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
811:
807:
806:9781884446009
803:
799:
798:
793:
790:
789:9780313319020
786:
782:
778:
776:
770:
768:
765:
761:
760:
755:
751:
739:
736:
735:9780302002629
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
713:
710:
709:2-226-10952-8
706:
702:
698:
697:
693:
685:
679:
676:
670:
668:
664:
658:
656:
652:
646:
643:
637:
635:
631:
625:
622:
615:
612:
606:
604:
602:
598:
592:
589:
583:
580:
573:
568:
565:
563:
560:
559:
555:
550:
547:
543:
541:
537:
535:
531:
528:
524:
521:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
497:
494:
490:
487:
484:
481:
477:
474:
471:
467:
463:
460:
459:
456:
451:
444:
442:
440:
439:Rue Bonaparte
436:
432:
427:
425:
421:
420:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
386:
384:
375:
368:
363:
359:
355:
348:
343:
339:
332:
327:
320:
316:
314:
309:
303:
301:
300:Anthony Blunt
296:
292:
287:
284:
283:Royal Academy
280:
276:
272:
263:
256:
254:
252:
248:
244:
240:
232:
230:
228:
224:
219:
216:The death of
211:
209:
207:
201:
196:
192:
188:
182:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
147:Pierre Lescot
144:
140:
133:
129:
124:
117:
115:
113:
109:
105:
101:
100:Pope Paul III
97:
89:
85:
80:
73:
71:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
48:
40:
32:
19:
1404:1510s births
1329:Louis Le Vau
1324:Jean Bullant
1318:
1244:Gaston Redon
1174:Louis Le Vau
1113:Grand Louvre
940:
930:
884:
871:
850:
835:
820:
816:
795:
780:
757:
718:
700:
694:Bibliography
684:Jean Bullant
678:
645:
624:
614:
591:
582:
495:(attributed)
454:
428:
417:
405:
387:
380:
317:
307:
304:
288:
268:
247:Jean Bullant
236:
227:Michelangelo
215:
186:
183:
165:; the royal
163:Loire Valley
136:
130:, built for
93:
90:Early career
67:
63:
59:
38:
37:
1409:1570 deaths
1088:Salon Carré
1073:Cour Carrée
1048:Lescot Wing
929:as well as
772:(in French)
466:François Ie
198: [
1398:Categories
1372:Architects
1312:Architects
1137:Architects
904:at Gallica
808:. Also at
544:Portal of
414:Chenonceau
257:Reputation
239:Charles IX
108:François I
43:pronounced
1264:I. M. Pei
195:La Muette
74:Biography
64:de L'Orme
60:De l'Orme
52:architect
874:, 1561:
717:(1958).
556:See also
464:Tomb of
419:châteaux
390:humanist
139:Henry II
911:at the
880:Gallica
468:in the
308:lambris
281:of the
204:in the
173:; the
169:in the
161:in the
68:Delorme
921:1626:
907:1568:
900:1567:
890:1567:
857:
842:
827:
804:
787:
746:
733:
727:554569
725:
707:
534:Louvre
502:(1552)
237:Under
157:, the
153:, the
143:Louvre
574:Notes
202:]
66:, or
923:copy
909:copy
892:copy
876:copy
855:ISBN
840:ISBN
825:ISBN
802:ISBN
785:ISBN
731:ISBN
723:OCLC
705:ISBN
493:Uzès
241:and
96:Lyon
84:Lyon
878:at
819:(=
756:".
404:'s
1400::
887::
729:.
666:^
654:^
633:^
600:^
441:.
302:.
208:.
200:fr
181:.
70:.
62:,
980:e
973:t
966:v
933:)
861:.
846:.
831:.
791:.
737:.
711:.
360:)
41:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
