Philip of Swabia - Knowledge (XXG)

1726:(lost documents that have been handed down in other sources, for example chronicles), including 199 documents from Philip's ten-year reign as king, of which around 2/3 are products of his court. Bernd Schütte's work, published in 2002, examined the scope of action and the ability to integrate Philip's monarchy on the basis of itinerary, award of certificates and court; he contradicted Hucker's thesis of a weak kingship of Philip of Swabia. Schütte interpreted the increase in document production from an average of 1.5 pieces per month to just over two pieces due to the transfer of Archbishop Adolph of Cologne in November 1204 as a "yardstick for the recognition of his kingship". He also found that Philip's radius of action had extended beyond the rooms of personal presence through the award of diplomas. In 2003, Peter Csendes published the first modern biography of Philip of Swabia in 130 years. On the 800th anniversary of the murder of Philip in 2008, the Society for Staufer History ( 1016:) in order to spread the reputation of Philip as a capable ruler. Philip's ability to rule as a king should be demonstrated by the rich clothing and the stately appearance of the participants in the festival. On Christmas Day the king went in a solemn procession with his splendidly dressed wife to the service under the crown. The Saxon Duke Bernard carried the king's sword in front of him and showed his support for the Hohenstaufen. The sword bearer service was not only an honorable distinction, as research has long assumed, but according to historian Gerd Althoff was also a sign of demonstrative subordination. In such event, personal ties were emphasized, because Bernard himself had intended in 1197 to fight for royal dignity. In addition, Bernard saw himself best protected against the possible expropriation of his Duchy of Saxony by the Welf through his support of the Hohenstaufen. The 1181:(formally entry to a city) had "the function of a homage, a solemn recognition of the rule of the king". In addition, numerous Welf supporters on the Lower Rhine and from Westphalia had joined the Hohenstaufen side. Philip has now been able to unite a large number of supporters in the Holy Roman Empire behind him. The basis for Philip's success against Otto's followers was “a mixture of threats, promises and gifts”. On the occasion of the renewed coronation in Aachen, the Archbishop of Cologne went to meet Philip with “the greatest display of splendor and service” in front of the walls. In this way the Archbishop publicly recognized Philip as monarch. On 6 January 1205, Philip was crowned again with great ceremony at the traditional coronation site in 1688:) under Philip of Swabia and Otto IV (1878) became the standard reference work of later historiography. With 541 closely described pages, they are the most detailed account of the Hohenstaufen to date. Winkelmann wrote about Philip that he was "attractive as a person, as a king to be counted among the best and most capable”. In 1866 Wilhelm Grotefend published his dissertation. Unlike Winkelmann and Abel, he passed a damning verdict on Philip. To him, he was regarded as a "dependent, weak personality with a smooth form and graceful appearance, but without nobility of disposition." The decisive factor for this judgment was that Philip didn't fight energetically enough for his kingship and, through the alliance with the French king, granted " 766:. He was by no means Adolph's preferred candidate, because the Archdiocese of Cologne had benefited considerably from the fall of the powerful Duke Henry the Lion. Rather, a group of financially strong citizens ran Otto's election. In exchange for his support, the Archbishop was able to reduce the high debt burden of his diocese. The hostility to the kingship of a child was growing, so Philip was chosen by Ghibellines as defender of the empire during Frederick's minority, and Otto I of Burgundy, the only living elder brother of Philip who was passed over for being considered inefficient and busy solving problems in his own fief, also supported him. He finally consented to his own election at 346:, claimed the throne for themselves. Both opponents tried in the following years through European and papal support, with the help of money and gifts, through demonstrative public appearances and rituals, to decide the conflict for oneself by raising ranks or by military and diplomatic measures. Philip was able to increasingly assert his kingship against Otto in the north part of the Alps. However, at the height of his power, he was assassinated in 1208. This ended the dispute for the throne; his opponent Otto quickly found recognition. Philip was the first German king to be murdered during his reign. In posterity, Philip is one of the little-noticed Hohenstaufen rulers. 1164:

for political reasons. The nobles tried to use the political situation to expand their regional principalities. Landgrave Hermann of Thuringia, Philip's cousin, changed sides five times between the outbreak of the controversy and the election of Frederick II in September 1211. According to historian Stefan Weinfurter, the relativization of the oath by the Pope was also essential for the breach of contract. Pope Innocent III advised the spiritual and secular princes to submit to his judgment only. With the Duke of Brabant, Philip strengthens ties in 1207 with the betrothal of his daughter Maria with

1382:, who was apparently informed of Count Otto VIII's cruel tendencies and in an act of concern for his young daughter decided to terminate the marriage agreement. Later, after an unfortunate campaign to Thuringia, Philip had betrothed his third daughter Kunigunde to Count Otto VIII in the summer of 1203 in order to make him a reliable ally in the fight against Landgrave Hermann I of Thuringia. In the following years Philip increasingly succeeded in gaining acceptance for his kingship, so the betrothal with the Wittelsbach became without purpose to him; in November 1207 the King engaged Kunigunde to 1200:) and offered the necessary consideration for the honor of the two kings. Direct negotiations in public were rather unusual at the time. However, the negotiations failed. Pope Innocent III also noticed Otto's decline in the empire and a month or two later Philip was loosed from the papal ban. In 1207/08 the Pope approached Philip and negotiations about the imperial coronation began, and also it seemed probable that a treaty was concluded by which were renewed the marriage negotiations of the nephew of the Pope with one of Philip's daughters and to receive the disputed territory of Tuscany. 1631:

strength of the German nation" were located in the Middle Ages. The kings and emperors were presented as early representatives of a strong monarchical power that was also longed for by the nationalist historians for their own time. The decisive factor for the historians' judgment was whether the medieval rulers increased the royal development of power over the nobility and the church or whether they were seen to be responsible for the loss of power. The image of history shaped by this aspect emerged after the 1806 dissolution of the HRE and the

1409:, King Philip II of France and Duke Henry I of Brabant should have been involved in this comprehensive plot; allegedly, the conspirators had planned to put the Duke of Brabant on the German throne. But Hucker's coup hypothesis did not prevail. It remains to be seen what use the French king would have had from the removal of Philip and his replacement by the Duke of Brabant. The House of Andechs, as loyal followers of Philip, who often stayed at his court and were protected by him, had no interest in his death. 1055: 1591:. His reign, which was limited to a few years, was never undisputed, and he was never crowned Holy Roman Emperor. In addition, he hadn't fought a major conflict with the Pope, in which the alleged failure of the medieval central authority could have been exemplified. In addition, his name cannot be associated with any extraordinary conception of power. Furthermore, his murder could not be instrumentalized for sectarian disputes or for the establishment of a German nation-state in the 19th century. 948:) because his father Frederick Barbarossa had fought against the Papacy for years. In contrast, Otto's ancestors were always loyal followers of the church. Otto had also sworn extensive concessions to the Holy See in the Neuss oath on 8 June 1201, assuring him that he would not strive for a union of the Holy Roman Empire with the Kingdom of Sicily. Thus, the Pope chose the Welf and excommunicated Philip and his associates. The papal judgment for Otto had no major effect in the empire. 483: 40: 818:), who traditionally performed an important ceremonial act of institution, were absent from Philip's election, and Mühlhausen was an unusual location for a king's election. For Mühlhausen, in the Hohenstaufen period up to Philip's election as king, only one single residence as a ruler can be proven. With this choice of location, Philip may have wanted to symbolically erase the humiliation that his great-uncle Conrad III suffered in autumn 1135 in Mühlhausen during his submission to 1699:

image of the selfish princes who only wanted to weaken the kingship was put into perspective by pointing out that the nobility repeatedly tried to settle the throne dispute. The newer research shifted the focus to the communication and interaction of the ruler with his great ones. Philip's actions were no longer questioned about the increase in monarchical power, but rather about the means by which he tried to enforce his kingship in the aristocratic network of relationships.

1139:, Philip held up to the Landgrave "while he was lying on the ground for so long" about his "disloyalty and stupidity". Only after the intercession of those present was he lifted from the floor and received the peace kiss from the King. Hermann had initially supported Otto, switched to Philip in 1199 and then again joined Otto in 1203/04. The Landgrave was able to retain his title and property after his submission and stayed in the Hohenstaufen side until Philip was murdered. 1318: 1500:, which was considered a memorial of the Salian-Staufen dynasty and was the most important burial place of the Roman-German kingship. By transferring there his uncle Philip's remains, Frederick II was able to gain the trust of the Hohenstaufen partisans and strengthened his position against his opponents. From the mid-13th century, the death anniversary of Philip was celebrated in Speyer in a way similar to that of the Salian Emperor 1716:, whereby the imperial princes would have lost their influence on the king. He no longer saw the regicide of Bamberg as a private vengeance, but as a “coup d'état” by important imperial elites. This hypothesis sparked controversial discussions, but did not prevail. Since 2002 the edition of the diplomas of Philip of Swabia has been prepared on behalf of the 551:). As a result, however, the relationship with the Pope deteriorated, because the Holy See wanted to maintain the feudal claim over the Kingdom of Sicily. In the spring of 1193 Philip forsook his ecclesiastical calling, perhaps because of the childlessness of the imperial couple; also, Philip's three other brothers were also without male heirs: Duke 937:), whereby they rejected any papal exertion of influence on the Imperial line of succession. At this point in time, Philip could have 4 archbishops, 23 imperial bishops, 4 imperial abbots and 18 secular imperial princes behind him; they confidently appealed to the princely majority and announced the march to Rome for the imperial coronation. 897:(Customs) when he was elected and crowned as King, Philip was able to unite the majority of the princes behind him. For the princes, property, ancestry and origins were essential for their support of Philip. Nevertheless, he knew that he had to settle the conflict with Otto and his supporters. A first attempt to mediate by Archbishop 1159:

partisanship. With the transfer of the Archbishop of Cologne to his side, Philip's documentary production also increased considerably. However, the majority of Cologne's citizens remained on the Welf's side. The support commitments of Archbishop Adolph and Henry I of Brabant were the first one documented since the Hohenstaufen-

1274:. The ducal seals for Tuscany and Swabia as well as a wax seal and a gold bull for the royal period are verifiable. This is probably due to the fact that he did not obtain the imperial crown, because it would have led to a change in title. With his awarding of charters, Philip reached considerably further north, north-west ( 957: 1189:"), the Archbishop of Cologne. With this measure Philip took the honor of the Archbishop into consideration and, by safeguarding his coronation right in Aachen, made submission to the long-fought king acceptable to him. The repetition of the coronation also cleared up the taint of his first coronation in 1198. 1394:. Philip hoped that this alliance would gain permanent support from Bohemia. For Count Otto VIII this behavior was an act of treason and also felt that his social status was threatened; he swore revenge on the German King, whom he blame for both spurned betrothals, culminating in the murder at Bamberg. 1698:

Since the 1980s, historical research on the Middle Ages has gained numerous new insights into high medieval royalty. The German royal rule in the Middle Ages was no longer perceived as a history of decline. Rather, the king and the nobility are seen as "natural main partners in the empire". The older

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dynasties appeared to be extremely powerful, since they had a predominant position in Europe. In the course of the Middle Ages, however, the emperors lost this position of power. The papacy and the princes were held responsible for this. They were considered to be the "gravedigger of the German royal

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in 1229/30. The chronicle is one of the most important sources for the history of the empire at the beginning of the 13th century. For the chronicler (who was loyal to the Hohenstaufen), Philip was of a meek and mild disposition, of affable speech, kind and quite generous, while Otto IV was not named

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on Philip's murderer and alleged accomplices, the Andechs brothers Bishop Ekbert of Bamberg and Margrave Henry II of Istria, was imposed. As a result, they lost all offices, rights and property. In addition, Otto IV's engagement to Beatrix, Philip's eldest daughter, was agreed. Philip's murderer Otto

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agreement from 1152. The double election is therefore also seen as a turning point, as it marked the beginning of written alliances in the northern Alpine empire. The number of contracts concluded also rose during the controversy for the throne. However, these written agreements were regularly broken

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is shaped like no other ruling rulers from the Hohenstaufen era by the political situation of the controversy for the throne. An almost orderly move through the empire with continuous notarial activity did not take place. Rather, a regionalization of itinerary, awarding of charters and visits to the

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and the Archbishop of Cologne was able to retain his position in the election and ordination of a King and was rewarded with 5,000 marks for sided with Philip. The growing money traffic in the High Middle Ages influenced the princes in their decisions for military support or in the question of their

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in 1077 (where he lost royal influence over the church) and the second one was the double election of 1198. The nobility used their right to vote for kings to obtain privileges from the monarchy and thus expand their own rule. This view of a loss of power for the German kingship through the double

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was seen as a historical calamity and there was a search for culpable parties in history. The historians of the 19th century were therefore interested in a strong monarchical central power and therefore looked for the reasons for the late emergence of a unified German nation state. The "sources of

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and numerous Saxon and Thuringian nobles. Contemporary sources had criticized the large expenditures on farm days as a waste, assuming a consistent modernization and more effective rulership; more recent studies, however, see the expenses of the court festival less as useless expenditure, but as a

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is that he married a woman named Hildegard (whose own parentage was disputed: she was a member of either the Comital family of Egisheim–Dagsburg or the obscure Schlettstadt family). A few years ago it was assumed that the Schlettstadt property did not belong to Hildegard but to her husband himself

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The Bamberg regicide had no major impact on the further history of the empire. Later chroniclers and annals describe the transition of the royal rule from Philip to Otto IV as smooth. However, after the experience of the dynastic dispute over in the empire, a considerable development spurt began,

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are known, of which only 12 took place within the Hohenstaufen sphere of influence. Somewhat more than 630 people can be found at Philip's court between 1198 and 1208, of whom around 100 belonged to the King's inner court, being "attested in a somewhat more noticeable density in the Hohenstaufen

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developed into a central institution of royal and princely rule. It was a “decision-making center and theater of power, consumer and entertainment center, distribution center, broker's seat for and for power, money and goods and social opportunities, for tastes, ideas and fashions of all kinds”.

1370:(1308), Philip is the only Roman-German ruler to be assassinated. No chronicler witnessed the murder. In contemporary sources there is little agreement about the course of the murder. Most medieval chroniclers saw the withdrawal of the promise of marriage as a motive for murder. Even in distant 972:

In the next few years of the controversy for the throne, the acts of representation of power were of immense importance, because in them not only the kingship was on display, but the role of the great in the respective system of rule was revealed. Philip did little to symbolically represent his

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From then on, both kings tried to win over the undecided or opponents. In order to achieve this goal, there were fewer major decisive battles, but personal bonds between rulers and greats had to be strengthened. This happened because faithful, relatives and friends were favored by gifts or the

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result of the goal of acquiring fame and honor. The Magdeburg Court Day at Christmas is considered to be the first high point in the fight for royal dignity. Some of the princes present expressed their first public support for the Hohenstaufen by participating. The chronicler of the

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Medieval kingship was exercised in an empire without a capital through outpatient rulership practice. Philip had to go through the kingdom and thereby give his rule validity and authority. The greats of the empire gathered for deliberations on the court days. For Philip's reign, 28

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and with it the recognition of their rule. The pontiff himself acted tactically before decided on one of the conflicting parties; this gave the opportunity to contact the Holy See several times through letters and embassies. Pope Innocent III wanted to prevent by all means the

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Sources identified two short-lived sons, Reinald and Frederick, also born from the union of Philip and Irene-Maria Angelina, being both buried at Lorch Abbey alongside their mother. However, there were no contemporary sources who could ascertain their existence without doubt.

1738:". His rule was viewed from a regional historical perspective. A conference also took place in Vienna in May 2008, the contributions of which were published in 2010. Based on the edition of the documents for Philip's reign, the studies reveal new possibilities for knowledge. 874:. In the controversy for the German throne, one of the rivals was only able to prevail in the long term if the other side was offered noticeable compensation. With inferior opponent a balance had to be found of him to abandon the kingship while preserving his honor easier. 1084:

In contrast to Otto, Philip was ready to honor the achievements of his loyal followers. The Hohenstaufen was able to attract high-ranking Welf supporters to his side through gifts and rewards. Rewarding the faithful was one of the most important duties of the ruler. Duke

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transfer of imperial property, or by a marriage policy that was supposed to strengthen partisanship or promote a change of party. In an aristocratic society both rivals for the German throne this had regard for the rank and reputation of the great, on their honor take.

397:, the name given to the dynasty by historians since the 15th century. The origins of the family are still unclear today; the ancestors on the paternal side were minor nobles and their names have not been preserved. All that is known about Barbarossa's great-grandfather 1081:. However, Philip did not agree with important points required by the Pope, such as carrying out a crusade, returning unlawfully confiscated goods to the Roman Church or concession to canonical elections, which was why the marriage negotiations with the Pope failed. 1374:, Philip's murder was still associated with a failed marriage project. Allegedly the Wittelsbach scion, already known for his unstable character, had fallen into a rage when he learned of the dissolution of his betrothal to Gertrude of Silesia by her father, the 1270:. Philip's Chancery was in the personal tradition of Henry VI. In other ways, too, Philip's document system does not differ from that of his Hohenstaufen predecessors. In contrast to his predecessors, his rival Otto IV and his nephew Frederick II, Philip had few 1072:

In contrast to his father Frederick Barbarossa, marriage projects with foreign royal families were out of the question for Philip; his marriage policy was exclusively related to the dispute for the German throne. In 1203 he tried to find a balance with the

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dedicated a special song to the Magdeburg Court Day of 1199, in which he honored Philip as ruler. During his short reign, Philip didn't have the opportunity to promote art or build buildings. Spiritual institutions were not particularly promoted by him.

944:, the Pope set out the reasons for and against the suitability of the respective candidates: Philip's nephew Frederick II was put aside due to his youth, and Philip himself was in the eyes of the Pope as "the son of a race of persecutors" of the church ( 1492:). In 1212 Frederick II moved to the northern part of the empire. At the turn of the year 1213/14, Frederick II's rule in the empire north of the Alps was not yet secured. In this situation, Frederick II had Philip's remains transferred from Bamberg to 4006:(in German). Regensburg: Wolfgang Schenkluhn, Andreas Waschbüsch: Der Magdeburger Dom im europäischen Kontext. Beiträge des internationalen wissenschaftlichen Kolloquiums zum 800-jährigen Domjubiläum in Magdeburg vom 1.–4. Oktober 2009. pp. 13–23. 925:, whose liege lord he was and wanted to remain) and he was also concerned about the Hohenstaufen claims to central Italy. For the pontiff, the question of obedience was a decisive factor in determining which candidate would have the papal recognition ( 932:

In the first months of 1199, the Welf party asked for confirmation of the decision and for an invitation from the Pope for Otto IV to be crowned Holy Roman Emperor. On 28 May 1199, the supporters of the Hohenstaufen drew the Speyer Prince Declaration

1401:'s careful analysis in the 19th century, research has assumed that Otto VIII of Wittelsbach acted as a lone perpetrator. In contrast, historian Bernd Ulrich Hucker made a “comprehensive conspiratorial plan” in 1998 and suspected a “coup d'état”. The 1089:

received the royal dignity in 1198 for his support. Philip rewarded Count Wilhelm II of Jülich with valuable gifts for his expressed will to win over all of Otto's important supporters for the Hohenstaufen. Otto, however, refused to give his brother

1496:. Personally, Frederick II does not seem to have come to Bamberg for the transfer of the body. Bamberg was possibly avoided by the later Hohenstaufen rulers because of Philip's murder. At Christmas 1213 Philip's mortal remains were re-interred in 710:

Philip enjoyed his brother Henry VI's confidence to a very great extent, and appears to have been designated as guardian for the king's minor son, in the event of his early death. In September 1197 Philip had set out to fetch Frederick from

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In an empire without a written constitution, a solution had to be found under the conditions of a consensual system of rule where there were competing claims. These habits were agreed upon through consultation at court meetings,

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their most outstanding representant: he was not only a military leader, but also influenced Philip's politics by arranging a personal encounter with Otto. He is mentioned in more than 30 charters and also in narrative sources.

2070: 1557:, despite being loyal to the Welf dynasty, called Philip an "ornament of virtues". Arnold portrayed Otto IV's rule through the murder of Philip as being cursed by God. The image of Philip in posterity had a major impact on 3393: 602:

as "the rose without a thorn, the dove without guile": she was among those taken prisoner by Henry VI when he invaded Sicily in 1194. In early 1195, Philip accompanied his imperial brother on his journey to Sicily and at

1441:, dying only two months after the Bamberg regicide as a result of a miscarriage. After Philip's death, Otto IV quickly prevailed against the remaining Hohenstaufen supporters, was acknowledged as German monarch at an 1710:) in 1908 or 1958. Only recently has Philip received greater attention in historical studies. In 1998, historian Bernd Ulrich Hucker characterized Philip as a "weak king" who was completely dependent on his 1549:

with the title of king until Philip was murdered. Despite great physical strength, the Welf lacked all the important virtues of rulership; for Burchard, he was “haughty and stupid, but brave and tall” (

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Historical research of the 19th and early 20th century was hampered by historians anachronistically projecting their contemporary political preferences backwards in time. Due to the contemporary

4356:(in German). Vienna: Andrea Rzihacek, Renate Spreitzer: Philipp von Schwaben. Beiträge der internationalen Tagung anlässlich seines 800. Todestages, Wien, 29. bis 30. Mai 2008. pp. 193–214. 4261:(in German). Vienna: Andrea Rzihacek, Renate Spreitzer: Philipp von Schwaben. Beiträge der internationalen Tagung anlässlich seines 800. Todestages, Wien, 29. bis 30. Mai 2008. pp. 151–161. 4195:(in German). Vienna: Andrea Rzihacek, Renate Spreitzer: Philipp von Schwaben. Beiträge der internationalen Tagung anlässlich seines 800. Todestages, Wien, 29. bis 30. Mai 2008. pp. 277–291. 4142:(in German). Vienna: Andrea Rzihacek, Renate Spreitzer: Philipp von Schwaben. Beiträge der internationalen Tagung anlässlich seines 800. Todestages, Wien, 29. bis 30. Mai 2008. pp. 129–150. 4270:(in German). Vienna: Andrea Rzihacek, Renate Spreitzer: Philipp von Schwaben. Beiträge der internationalen Tagung anlässlich seines 800. Todestages, Wien, 29. bis 30. Mai 2008. pp. 85–98. 4033:(in German). Vienna: Andrea Rzihacek, Renate Spreitzer: Philipp von Schwaben. Beiträge der internationalen Tagung anlässlich seines 800. Todestages, Wien, 29. bis 30. Mai 2008. pp. 9–24. 731:. He appears to have desired to protect the interests of his nephew and to quell the disorder which arose on Henry VI's death: On 21 January 1198, Philip issued a charter for the citizens of 563:, although already married, had no male descendants yet. However, the concerns of the imperial couple turned out to be unfounded. Empress Constance gave birth to a son on 26 December 1194 in 4279:(in German). Vienna: Andrea Rzihacek, Renate Spreitzer: Philipp von Schwaben. Beiträge der internationalen Tagung anlässlich seines 800. Todestages, Wien, 29. bis 30. Mai 2008. pp. 1–6. 5179: 452:. In 1152 the royal dignity passed smoothly to Conrad III's nephew, Frederick Barbarossa, who was also Holy Roman Emperor from 1155 onwards. Barbarossa became embroiled in a conflict with 1449:

in November 1208 and crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Innocent III the next year. For the new fully recognized German King, the most important goal was to restore order in the realm. A

1484:. The Welf lost the consensus on his rule in the part of the empire north of the Alps, and part of the princes renounced to their vow of obedience to Otto IV and chose Philip's nephew 1528:

Many chroniclers saw the divine order represented by the ruler as a result of the conflict between the two kings for the throne. Philip is described in detail in the chronicle of the

1508:, a figure carved in stone on Bamberg Cathedral around 1235, has repeatedly been referred to as Philip; so historian Hans Martin Schaller sees in him the attempt to maintain Philip's 790:, a day that was of considerable symbolic importance in the Hohenstaufen royal tradition. Otherwise there were a number of symbolic deficits: Although backed in the election by Duke 1229: 1669:” from 1950, Philip and Otto IV's government signified “a huge, if not perhaps the decisive, setback that the German monarchy suffered in its last attempt to build a state”. 1656:

power" for Protestant, nationalist German historiography. Two turning points were considered to be decisive for the central authority's loss of power: the first one, was the

838:) were in Philip's possession. His rival Otto was only elected on 9 June 1198 in Cologne by Archbishop Adolph (who had bought the votes of the absent archbishops). Only the 1335:

Since the end of May 1208, Philip had been preparing for a campaign against Otto IV and his allies. He interrupted the planning to attend the wedding of his niece Countess

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In the first few months after his election as king, Philip failed to issue documents and thereby assert his kingship. His first surviving royal document, issued to Bishop

1196:. This was the only time that the armies of the two kings met. After the battle, the two kings met for the first time. It took place in an atmosphere of confidentiality ( 3898:

Werra magna et dissensio nimis timenda oritur inter principes Theutonicos de imperio. Der Thronstreit zwischen Philipp von Schwaben und Otto von Braunschweig 1198–1208.

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After the protracted conflicts between the Archbishop of Cologne and Philip, order had to be restored in a demonstrative way. Philip moved into Cologne on the symbolic

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were present. Walther's description of the great splendor of Magdeburg Court festivities in a series of poems and songs called "The Saying for Christmas in Magdeburg" (

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As a child, Philip was initially prepared for an ecclesiastical career. He learned to read and also learned Latin, and was placed at the Premonstratensian Monastery in

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tried in vain to claim the royal dignity invoking his descent from the Salians. In 1138, Conrad III was finally elected King of Germany, being the first scion of the

471:, who was an important helper and confidante of Barbarossa at this time. The name of the Archbishop of Cologne was thus accepted into a royal family. For historian 4299: 4236:

Maiorov, Alexander V. (2021). "The German King Philip of Swabia, Hungarian Queen Gertrude of Andechs-Meranien, and St Elizabeth of Thuringia in Rus' Chronicles".

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Philip is considered to be the "first Roman-German ruler whose court can be shown to have courtly poetry and who himself became the subject of courtly poetry."

1043:, Philip's brother-in-law. Some historians have suggested that it was here that Alexius convinced Boniface, and later the Venetians, to divert the Crusade to 4031:

Historiker als Attentäter. Zeitgenössische Wahrnehmung, narrative Ausgestaltung und diskursive Instrumentalisierung der Ermordung König Philipps von Schwaben

1706:. For several decades no major accounts of Philip appeared. His murder in Bamberg didn't attract the interest of even the Historical Association of Bamberg ( 1730:) dedicated a volume to Philip. In the working group for regional and local history in the Association of Württemberg History and Antiquity Associations ( 5189: 5154: 5149: 4347:(in German). Göppingen: Philipp von Schwaben – Ein Staufer im Kampf um die Königsherrschaft. (Writings on Staufer History and Art 27). pp. 26–42. 4320:(in German). Ostfildern: Hubertus Seibert, Jürgen Dendorfer: Grafen, Herzöge, Könige. Der Aufstieg der Staufer und das Reich 1079–1152. pp. 1–39. 4311:(in German). Göppingen: Philipp von Schwaben – Ein Staufer im Kampf um die Königsherrschaft. (Writings on Staufer History and Art 27). pp. 43–61. 1359:, were suspected of having known about the plans. Other medieval historians expressed doubts about complicity or ignored other possible perpetrators. 1236:

joined to Philip's court. By contrast, none of the secular princes is as closely and frequently attested to at court as Bishop Konrad of Speyer. Duke

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made a draft without converting it into a painting. On 4 July 1998, Rainer Lewandowski's play “The King's Murder in Bamberg” was premiered at the

839: 827: 1294:) to assert his kingship. With the issuing of charters, Philip wanted to bind his followers more closely to himself in these areas as well. His 429:, to whom he referred several times as his ancestor in documents. After the extinction of the Salian dynasty in the male line in 1125 firstly 4160:(in German). Philipp von Schwaben – Ein Staufer im Kampf um die Königsherrschaft. (Writings on Staufer History and Art 27). pp. 122–142. 3683:

Die Reichsministerialität der Salier und Staufer. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des hochmittelalterlichen deutschen Volkes, Staates und Reiches.

3336: 3140: 2288: 2185: 2121: 1762:. Historian Andrea Rhizacek notes that "styling himself Philip II he obviously counted himself as a ruler in a line of emperors, not kings". 854:

next to his confidant, Bishop Luitpold. The hesitant behavior of Philip gave Otto the opportunity to be crowned by the rightful coronator ("

5174: 1348: 1091: 374: 327: 163: 1695:" influence over the Holy Roman Empire. In addition, he had allowed to an arrogant Pope and selfish princes to make too many concessions. 1473:

in a granary on the Danube near Regensburg and beheaded. The Andechs brothers, however, were politically rehabilitated three years later.

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Die Edition der Urkunden Philipps von Schwaben für die Diplomata-Reihe der Monumenta Germania Historica. Planung – Durchführung – Aspekte

3988:(in German). Berlin: Dieter Geuenich: Nomen et gens. Zur historischen Aussagekraft frühmittelalterlicher Personennamen. pp. 126–139. 626:, who excommunicated him. On 3 May 1196, Philip was documented for the last time as Margrave of Tuscany. After the murder of his brother 940:

At the turn of the year 1200/01, the Pope subjected the candidates for the imperial coronation to a critical examination. In the Bull

49: 4941: 4921: 4901: 4571: 4510: 1442: 1336: 1122: 893:

who crowned Philip as German King. It is uncertain whether his wife was also crowned alongside him. Despite these violations of the

850:

took part in the election of the Welf. After his election, Philip failed to make up for the coronation quickly. Rather, he moved to

803: 479:

tangible". A little later, the Archbishop of Cologne played a key role in the overthrow of the powerful Duke of Bavaria and Saxony.

4946: 4936: 4906: 4793: 4500: 1588: 1485: 1245: 799: 739: 568: 468: 390: 335: 292: 143: 4966: 4916: 4758: 1225: 1099: 819: 378: 282: 5024: 4986: 4981: 4961: 4862: 1275: 5039: 1114:

and rewarded with monetary payments. The change of the Count Palatine was decisive for a broad movement away from the Welf.

402:

and the Hohenstaufen were therefore not a Swabian but an Alsatian family. It wasn't until around 1100 that the family under

1437:) held Otto IV's supporters responsible for the murder. Philip's widow, Irene-Maria, pregnant at that time, took refuge in 5113: 4976: 4971: 4951: 4926: 4911: 4891: 4847: 4724: 4719: 3421:

Das Bistum Bamberg, Franken und das Reich in der Stauferzeit. Der Bamberger Bischof im Elitengefüge des Reiches 1138–1245.

2872:

Colloquium familiare – colloquium secretum – colloquium publicum. Beratung im politischen Leben des früheren Mittelalters.

1718: 426: 4956: 4931: 4852: 4778: 4729: 4714: 4709: 4564: 4450: 3949:

Philipp von Schwaben. Beiträge der internationalen Tagung anlässlich seines 800. Todestages, Wien, 29. bis 30. Mai 2008.

3522:

Philipp von Schwaben. Beiträge der internationalen Tagung anlässlich seines 800. Todestages, Wien, 29. bis 30. Mai 2008.

2748:

Philipp von Schwaben. Beiträge zur internationalen Tagung anlässlich seines 800. Todestages, Wien, 29. bis 30. Mai 2008.

1677: 1661: 1501: 1422: 1367: 1356: 552: 539:, though without being consecrated, probably due to intervention of his brother Henry VI. In 1186 Henry VI married with 430: 422: 364: 319: 98: 3039:

Hanc paginam sigillo nostro iussimus communiri. Siegel und Besiegelungspraxis der Urkunden König Philipps von Schwaben.

1583:

In modern times, little was remembered of Philip of Swabia. He fell significantly behind the other Hohenstaufen rulers

1054: 4788: 4753: 4704: 4473: 4465: 3224:

Philipp von Schwaben. Beiträge der internationalen Tagung anläßlich seines 800. Todestages, Wien 29. bis 30. Mai 2008.

1077:

through a marriage project, in which Philip wanted to arranged the betrothal of one of his daughters with a nephew of

791: 751: 650: 403: 360: 343: 108: 1301:

court can be identified, which historian Bernd Schütte interpreted as a “withdrawal of the royal central authority”.

686:

Daughter (posthumously born and died 20/27 August 1208). She and her mother died following childbirth complications.

5080: 4996: 4879: 4868: 4394: 1558: 1305: 1267: 1233: 1060: 1009: 870:, or other gatherings. The consensus thus established was the most important process for establishing order in the 599: 540: 456:. It was not until 1177 that the long standing conflict of the Emperor with the Pope and the Italian cities of the 1102:

in the spring of 1204. Henry then went over to the Hohenstaufen side. For his change of loyalty, not only was the

5184: 5108: 5089: 5070: 4837: 4483: 1323: 1237: 1165: 994: 666: 660: 627: 560: 556: 496: 252: 133: 5164: 5048: 4874: 1241: 1143: 1065: 735:, in which he indicated that he was acting in the name of King Frederick; however, he was overtaken by events. 680: 491: 4540: 3043: 2744:

Politischer Pragmatismus – Opportunismus – Treue? Zeugenkontinuität von Philipp von Schwaben bis Friedrich II.

1504:. Philip is the last Roman-German king who is listed in both medieval dead books of the Speyer Cathedral. The 536: 3975:

Alemparte, Jaime Ferreiro (1986). "Acercamiento Mutuo de Espana y Alemania". In Martín, Antonio Pérez (ed.).

1732:

Arbeitskreis für Landes- und Ortsgeschichte im Verband der württembergischen Geschichts- und Altertumsvereine

1429:. His rival Otto IV let the assassins be persecuted relentlessly and wanted to prove his innocence. Only the 1039:. Although Boniface's exact reasons for meeting with Philip are unknown, while at Philip's court he also met 575:

at the end of 1196; with this move, Henry VI wanted to see his succession secured before he prepared for the

547:; this gave the Hohenstaufen the possibility of a union of the Kingdom of Sicily with the Holy Roman Empire ( 5194: 4669: 4587: 2113:

Die deutschen Herrscher des Mittelalters: historische Portraits von Heinrich I. bis Maximilian I. (919–1519)

1632: 1607: 1383: 1347:. After the marriage, the King retired to his private apartments. In the afternoon he was murdered by Count 1340: 1118: 1021: 670: 571:. While the Emperor was absent, the princes elected his two-year-old son Frederick as King of the Romans in 4024:(in German). Darmstadt: Michael Sommer: Politische Morde. Vom Altertum bis zur Gegenwart. pp. 117–126. 1248:

probably had the most intensive contact within the court. They had profited significantly from the fall of

5029: 4798: 4388: 1603: 1545: 1168:, heir of the Duchy of Brabant. As a result, Henry I should be closely tied to the Hohenstaufen monarchy. 1032: 890: 4338:(in German). Stuttgart: (Gebhardt: Handbuch der deutschen Geschichte 6) 10th, completely revised edition. 3932:

Der Tod Philipps von Schwaben und die Folgen. Zu einem bisher unbekannten Annalenfragment aus St. Gallen.

929:). In contrast to Otto, Philip expressed himself much more cautiously towards the Pope on this question. 5169: 4815: 4763: 4735: 3915:

König Philipp und Pfalzgraf Rudolf von Tübingen. Zu einem Helfer im Thronstreit und verwandten Dynasten.

1513: 1426: 961: 898: 807: 767: 705: 434: 394: 339: 308: 2719:

Amicus amicis – inimicus inimicis. Politische Freundschaft und fürstliche Netzwerke im 13. Jahrhundert.

1160: 986: 398: 2177:

Die Doppelwahl von 1198 und seine diversen Wahlgänge: Philipp von Schwaben gegen Otto von Braunschweig

482: 39: 5144: 5139: 5061: 5015: 4896: 4826: 4803: 4773: 1689: 1640: 1584: 1517: 1328: 1103: 1086: 795: 763: 544: 3699: 960:

Philip of Swabia. Chronica Sancti Pantaleonis, Köln, Kloster St. Pantaleon, ca. 1237. Wolfenbüttel,

634:. The marriage of Philip and Irene Angelina (renamed Maria upon her wedding) probably took place at 4842: 4832: 4820: 4658: 4629: 4614: 4600: 4517: 1554: 1533: 1438: 1379: 1363: 1317: 1176: 1136: 1048: 1025: 1017: 882: 815: 811: 676: 619: 608: 595: 418: 257: 4193:

Verfahren der Konfliktlösung in Thronstreitigkeiten. Deutschland, Dänemark und Ungarn im Vergleich

467:

The Hohenstaufen had never used the name Philip before. The prince was named after the Archbishop

4857: 4748: 4685: 4649: 4293: 4177: 4124: 4095: 4056: 1754:

Although never crowned emperor, Philip generally added an ordinal number to his name, making him

1529: 1221: 905: 843: 783: 728: 646: 623: 612: 508: 453: 445: 386: 242: 190: 186: 66: 4151:(in German). Mainz: Die Andechs-Meranier in Franken. Europäisches Fürstentum im Hochmittelalter. 4690: 4619: 4077: 3332: 3136: 3130: 2284: 2181: 2117: 2111: 1681: 1477: 1418: 1402: 1398: 1352: 1291: 1132: 1078: 922: 918: 909: 512: 442: 323: 234: 4202:

Die Thronstreitpolitik Adolfs I. von Altena im Spannungsfeld von 'Recht' und Rechtsmentalität

4004:

Die Kathedrale als Begegnungsort von Religion und Politik: Das Beispiel des Magdeburger Domes

2278: 4885: 4663: 4609: 4245: 3501:

Der deutsche Thronstreit und Europa 1198–1218. Philipp von Schwaben, Otto IV., Friedrich II.

1703: 1644: 1595: 1541: 1505: 1497: 1406: 990: 823: 591: 583: 516: 461: 201: 45: 1622:, nationalist Protestant historians viewed the Catholic church or anything that smacked of 4742: 4634: 4624: 4457: 4107: 1759: 1657: 1509: 1481: 1470: 1375: 1259: 886: 878: 835: 755: 743: 656: 576: 438: 382: 312: 247: 62: 53: 862:, which had to be captured before against the resistance of loyal Hohenstaufen liensmen. 4162: 3662:

Wahlkönigtum, Territorialpolitik und Ostbewegung im 13. und 14. Jahrhundert (1198–1378).

2008: 881:, dated from Worms on 27 June 1198. Two days later, Philip forged an alliance with King 413:

Much more important for the Hohenstaufen family was the prestigious connection with the

4768: 4699: 4675: 4490: 1648: 1627: 1623: 1599: 1572: 1567: 1249: 1044: 1036: 851: 847: 831: 787: 759: 631: 587: 487: 476: 475:, this demonstrative honor makes "Barbarossa's preparations for the confrontation with 457: 414: 214: 115: 2402:

Die Staufer und Italien. Drei Innovationsregionen im mittelalterlichen Europa. Essays.

5133: 5099: 3389:

Fidelis et dilectus noster. Kaiser Otto IV. und der Südosten des Reiches (1198–1212).

1907:(Writings on Hohenstaufen history and art 27) Göppingen 2008, pp. 62–121 (in German). 1712: 1271: 1254: 779: 771: 742:

hostile to the ruling Hohenstaufen dynasty under the leadership of Prince-Archbishop

720: 532: 520: 449: 2914:

Von Ort zu Ort. Aufgaben und Ergebnisse der Erforschung ambulanter Herrschaftspraxis

1702:

In contrast to other Staufers, Philip remained a neglected ruler for a long time in

4644: 4595: 4421: 3636:

Reich, Regionen und Europa in Mittelalter und Neuzeit. Festschrift für Peter Moraw.

3603:

Vom ‚heiligen Buch‘ zur ‚Buchführung‘. Lebensfunktionen der Schrift im Mittelalter.

3598: 1652: 1456: 1321:

Count Palatine Otto VIII of Wittelsbach kills Philip of Swabia. Miniature from the

1095: 1047:

and restore Isaac II to the throne, as he had recently been deposed by his brother

889:

on 8 September 1198, it wasn't the Archbishop of Cologne, as usual, but Archbishop

472: 407: 272: 4387: 3460:(in German) In: Bernd Schneidmüller, Stefan Weinfurter, Alfried Wieczorek (ed.): 3326: 2175: 1833:

2005, pp. 99–133 (in German). Rejecting the Alsacian origin: Eduard Hlawitschka,

17: 4809: 4209:

Kroonen, Guus; Langbroek, Erika; Quak, Arend; Roeleveld, Annelies, eds. (2014).

3767: 3752:

Das hochmittelalterliche Königtum. Akzente einer unabgeschlossenen Neubewertung.

3488:

Metropolis Germaniae. Studien zur Bedeutung Speyers für das Königtum (751–1250).

2073:

however, the primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified.

1619: 1451: 1434: 1351:. After the murder, Count Otto VIII was able to flee with his followers. Bishop 1296: 1209: 1172: 871: 770:. On 6 March 1198, in front of the ecclesiastical and secular greats present in 4407: 4140:

Ehre als Handlungsmotiv in Herrschaftspraxis und Urkunden Philipps von Schwaben

4071: 1252:

and feared that his son Otto IV would gain access to the Welf inheritance. The

425:. Philip's father saw himself as a direct descendant of the first Salian ruler 5118: 4402: 4327:

Friedrich II:Teil 1 Die Konigscheffschaft in Sizilien un Deutschland 1194–1220

4081: 1830: 1193: 1151: 1040: 82: 56:, ca. 1250. Kantonsbibliothek St. Gallen (Vadiana Collection, Ms. 321, p. 40.) 4220:

Princely Brothers and Sisters: The Sibling Bond in German Politics, 1100–1250

4170:

Vermitteln und Versöhnen. Konfliktregelung im deutschen Thronstreit 1198–1208

3573:(in German) In: Bernd Ulrich Hucker, Stefanie Hahn, Hans-Jürgen Derda (ed.): 1665:

election of 1198 has long remained the predominant one. In Karl Bosl's work “

3774:(in German) In: Cordula Nolte, Karl-Heinz Spieß, Ralf-Gunnar Werlich (ed.): 1462: 1446: 1003: 982: 974: 747: 635: 616: 572: 4249: 3132:

Famous Assassinations in World History: An Encyclopedia [2 volumes]

1561:, who referred to him in an honorable short form as "young and brave man". 1672:

The historical study of Philip of Swabia began in 1852 with the monograph

5005: 2265:

Selig sind, die Verfolgung ausüben. Päpste und Gewalt im Hochmittelalter.

1835:

Die Staufer: kein schwäbisches, sondern ein elsässisches Adelsgeschlecht?

1827:

Grafen, Herzöge, Könige. Der Aufstieg der Staufer und das Reich 1079–1152

1636: 1480:

when he tried to conquer the Kingdom of Sicily in 1210, which led to his

1391: 1371: 1155: 1125:

humbly submitted to the Hohenstaufen. It is the only case of submission (

1074: 639: 528: 524: 504: 3727:

Zur Charakteristik Philipps von Schwaben und Ottos IV. von Braunschweig.

3328:

Der Mord an König Philipp von Schwaben - Privatrache oder Staatsstreich?

2400:

In: Alfried Wieczorek, Bernd Schneidmüller and Stefan Weinfurter (ed.):

377:

as the tenth child and eighth (but fifth and youngest surviving) son of

322:, in 1197 meant that the Hohenstaufen rule (which reached as far as the 3887:(in German) In: Writings on Staufer History and Art 27, Göppingen 2008. 3220:

Das Königtum Philipps von Schwaben im Spiegel zeitgenössischer Quellen.

2398:

Die erste Hühnerfarm zu Mainz – zur Ökonomie und Logistik der Hoffeste.

1344: 1283: 1279: 1147: 1127: 956: 942:

Deliberatio domni pape Innocentii super facto imperii de tribus electis

858:") Adolph of Cologne on 12 July 1198 at the traditional royal place in 724: 267: 182: 4556: 4040:

Western Travellers to Constantinople: The West and Byzantium, 962–1204

1821:

In favor of the Alsacian origin of the Hohenstaufen: Daniel Ziemann,

1551:

superbus et stultus, sed fortis videbatur viribus et statura procerus

1493: 1215: 1182: 1111: 859: 732: 716: 712: 604: 3885:

Philipp von Schwaben – Ein Staufer im Kampf um die Königsherrschaft.

3410:(in German) Munich 2010, p. 74 (with further sources and reference). 1905:

Philipp von Schwaben – Ein Staufer im Kampf um die Königsherrschaft.

1024:, who was canonized by the Pope in 1200, was solemnly celebrated in 649:(April/June 1198 – 11 August 1212), who married her father's rival, 2381:

Curiam celebrare. König Philipps Hoftag zu Magdeburg im Jahre 1199.

1643:. From this point of view, the German kings and emperors under the 559:, who succeeded him as Duke of Swabia, was unmarried. In addition, 507:

for his further education. From April 1189 to July 1193 Philip was

3408:

Friedrich II. Der Sizilianer auf dem Kaiserthron. Eine Biographie.

3394:

Mitteilungen des Instituts für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung

1736:

Philipp von Schwaben († 1208) and the rule in the German southwest

1316: 1287: 1053: 955: 867: 774:, he declared his willingness to be elected king. Two days later ( 481: 370: 159: 88: 3632:

Das Mittelalterbild der Deutschen vor und nach 1945. Eine Skizze.

1722:. The edition published in 2014 has a total of 216 documents and 1192:

On 27 July 1206, Philip defeated a Cologne army loyal to Otto in

1512:. But the figure was also mistaken for either the Roman Emperor 564: 331: 4560: 4204:(in German). Frühmittelalterliche Studien 39. pp. 151–175. 3997:(in German). Frühmittelalterliche Studien 43. pp. 199–214. 4277:

Zur Eröffnung: Philipp von Schwaben im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert

3995:

Otto IV. – Woran scheiterte der welfische Traum vom Kaisertum?

3649:

Canossa als Wende. Ausgewählte Aufsätze zur neueren Forschung.

1106:

restored to him by Philip, but he was also enfeoffed with the

3283: 3281: 3116: 4286:

König Philipp von Schwaben. Itinerar – Urkundenvergabe – Hof

3475:

Kaiser Friedrich II. (1194–1250). Herrscher, Mensch, Mythos.

1594:

Representations of the Bamberg regicide are rarely found in

669:(February/March 1202 – 13 September 1248), who married King 338:, led to two royal elections in 1198, which resulted in the 334:. Reservations about the kingship of Henry's underage son, 4403:

Philip of Swabia; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition

3571:

Otto IV. in der Geschichtsschreibung des 13. Jahrhunderts.

3154: 3152: 2341:

Regestum Innocentii III papae super negotio Romani imperii

2317:

Regestum Innocentii III papae super negotio Romani imperii

1805: 1803: 622:. Philip's rule in Tuscany there earned him the enmity of 486:

Frederick Barbarossa with his sons Henry and Philip, from

4149:

Der Königsmord von 1208 – Privatrache oder Staatsstreich?

3520:(in German) In: Andrea Rzihacek, Renate Spreitzer (ed.): 3222:(in German) In: Andrea Rzihacek, Renate Spreitzer (ed.): 2746:(in German) In: Andrea Rzihacek, Renate Spreitzer (ed.): 2319:, edited by Friedrich Kempf, Rome 1947, N° 29, pp. 74–91. 2199: 2197: 2037: 2035: 659:(1199/1200 – 29 March 1235), who married the future Duke 653:

on 22 July 1212 and died three weeks later without issue.

3873:

Philipp von Schwaben. Ein Staufer im Kampf um die Macht.

2624: 2622: 2351: 2349: 2093: 2091: 2022: 2020: 1990:

Philipp von Schwaben. Ein Staufer im Kampf um die Macht.

1565:

which led to a rethink in writing down the customs. The

1536:. Burchard wrote a continuation of the World Chronicle ( 4318:

Die frühen Staufer – Forschungsbilanz und offene Fragen

4049:

Philipp von Schwaben. Ein Staufer im Kampf um die Macht

2818: 2816: 2597: 2595: 1142:

In November 1204 Archbishop Adolph of Cologne and Duke

3275:(in German) 2 vol., Leipzig 1873–1878, vol. 1, p. 466. 1135:

provide detailed information. According to chronicler

3772:

Fürsten am spätmittelalterlichen deutschen Königshof.

2451:

Les services symboliques entre dignité et contrainte.

2343:, edited by Friedrich Kempf, Rome 1947, N° 29, p. 83. 1734:), the spring meeting on 25 April 2008 was entitled " 973:

kingship. In 1199, Philip and Irene-Maria celebrated

679:(March/May 1205 – 5 November 1235), who married King 642:. Five daughters were certainly born from the union: 4398:. Vol. XVIII (9th ed.). 1885. p. 746. 4363:

Vladislaus Henry: The Formation of Moravian Identity

3776:

Principes. Dynastien und Höfe im späten Mittelalter.

2918:

Orte der Herrschaft. Mittelalterliche Königspfalzen.

1386:, son and heir of King Ottokar I of Bohemia, on the 5098: 5079: 5060: 5038: 5014: 4995: 4684: 4643: 4594: 3696:

Philipp von Schwaben und Otto IV. von Braunschweig.

3505:

Krönungen. Könige in Aachen. Geschichte und Mythos.

3273:

Philipp von Schwaben und Otto IV. von Braunschweig.

1680:, who made no secret of his sympathies for Philip. 288: 278: 266: 233: 208: 196: 169: 153: 149: 139: 129: 121: 114: 104: 94: 81: 73: 61: 32: 2010:Philipp von Schwaben und Otto IV. von Braunschweig 531:the next year. In 1190 or 1191 Philip was elected 3936:Zeitschrift für Württembergische Landesgeschichte 3919:Zeitschrift für Württembergische Landesgeschichte 3902:Zeitschrift für Württembergische Landesgeschichte 2002: 2000: 1998: 1839:Zeitschrift für Württembergische Landesgeschichte 1476:However, Otto IV soon entered into conflict with 5180:13th-century nobility from the Holy Roman Empire 4329:(in German). Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. 2901:Die ritterlich-höfische Kultur des Mittelalters. 2721:(in German) Stuttgart 2000, pp. 29, 40, 297–308. 1327:, Northern Germany, early 14th century, Berlin, 2110:Bernd Schneidmüller; Stefan Weinfurter (2003). 1823:Die Staufer – Ein elsässisches Adelsgeschlecht? 1031:Also in 1201, Philip was visited by his cousin 330:and created a power vacuum to the north of the 3668:, vol. 1, Stuttgart 1970, pp. 427–607, § 128: 3458:Die Grablegen der Staufer als Erinnerungsorte. 3092: 2280:Heinrich von Braunschweig, Pfalzgraf bei Rhein 1825:In: Hubertus Seibert, Jürgen Dendorfer (ed.): 342:: the two elected kings, Philip of Swabia and 4572: 3524:, Vienna 2010, p. 97 (with further evidence). 2690:Geld, Politik und Moral im hohen Mittelalter. 1266:The most important part of the court was the 727:on 28 September 1197 and returned at once to 586:, in April 1195 Henry VI betrothed Philip to 448:, against the fierce resistance of the rival 303:(February/March 1177 – 21 June 1208), styled 8: 4408:Philip (of Swabia) – Encyclopædia Britannica 4211:Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik 4073:Aspekte der Biographie Philipps von Schwaben 2404:(in German) Darmstadt/Mannheim 2010, p. 281. 1002:of the Bishops of Halberstadt and the poet ( 715:for his coronation as King of the Romans in 3634:(in German) In: Paul-Joachim Heinig (ed.): 3558:Burchardi praepositi Urspergensis chronicon 3303:(in German) Frankfurt am Main 2003, p. 158. 2069:in some articles and genealogical websites; 433:(Barbarossa's father) and then his brother 4579: 4565: 4557: 4412: 4298:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4182:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4158:Der Bamberger Mord 1208 – ein Königsdrama? 4129:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4061:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2759: 2730: 1602:made a drawing of the murder in 1890, and 1028:on 9 September 1201 in Philip's presence. 29: 3986:Namengebung und adliges Selbstverständnis 3977:España y Europa, un pasado jurídico común 3947:Andrea Rzihacek, Renate Spreitzer (ed.): 3799: 3738: 3713: 3685:(in German), Stuttgart 1950/1951, p. 629. 2267:(in German). Darmstadt 2013, pp. 201–209. 1809: 1520:, or Emperors Henry II and Frederick II. 1455:was established for this purpose and the 904:Both sides strived for the coronation as 754:, the second surviving son of the former 723:, he heard of Henry VI's sudden death in 417:. Frederick Barbarossa's grandmother was 4345:Verträge und politisches Handeln um 1200 3811: 3518:Philipp von Schwaben in höfischer Sicht. 3477:(in German) Stuttgart 2008, pp. 35, 154. 3259: 3025: 3013: 2705: 2676: 2251: 1952: 1928: 1362:For the first time since the end of the 638:(25 May) 1197 in the Gunzenle hill near 630:in August 1196, Philip succeeded him as 519:, while his father left Germany for the 4268:Philipp von Schwaben in höfischer Sicht 3859: 3847: 3835: 3823: 3575:Otto IV. Traum vom welfischen Kaisertum 3545: 3533: 3432: 3312: 3158: 3104: 3080: 3068: 3056: 3001: 2989: 2977: 2965: 2953: 2941: 2929: 2640: 2628: 2550: 2526: 2514: 2466: 2437: 2425: 2239: 2227: 2203: 2161: 2149: 2097: 2082: 2053: 2041: 1976: 1964: 1901:Philipp, Adelberg und der Hohenstaufen. 1874: 1862: 1850: 1782: 1775: 1747: 615:lands; in his retinue in Italy was the 4291: 4175: 4122: 4103: 4093: 4054: 3702:König Philipp von Schwaben. 1197–1208. 3618: 3586: 3444: 3375: 3363: 3287: 3247: 3235: 3206: 3194: 3182: 2916:(in German). In: Caspar Ehlers (ed.): 2858: 2834: 2822: 2807: 2771: 2664: 2652: 2601: 2586: 2502: 2490: 2478: 2413: 2385:Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaft 2367: 2355: 2026: 1992:Darmstadt 2003, pp. 36–38 (in German). 1916: 1888:Friedrich Barbarossa: Eine Biographie. 1794: 1728:Gesellschaft für staufische Geschichte 1460:VIII of Wittelsbach (now condemned as 3787: 3351: 3170: 2887: 2846: 2795: 2783: 2574: 2538: 2328: 2215: 806:, all the three Rhenish Archbishops ( 307:in his charters, was a member of the 7: 4238:Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas 3325:Robin Füchtner (18 September 2006). 3301:Otto IV. Der wiederentdeckte Kaiser. 2455:Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 2387:12 (in German), 1999, pp. 1061–1075. 1940: 778:) Philip was elected German King at 746:took the occasion to elect a German 663:before 22 August 1215 and had issue. 393:. His paternal family was the noble 318:The death of Philip's older brother 4309:Der Hof König Philipps von Schwaben 4229:The Concise History of the Crusades 3503:(in German) In: Mario Kramp (ed.): 3490:(in German) Göttingen 1996, p. 182. 3037:Andrea Rzihacek, Renate Spreitzer: 2449:Gerd Althoff, Christiane Witthöft: 2283:. Georg Olms Verlag. pp. 61–. 1686:Jahrbücher der Deutschen Geschichte 1575:is an important testimony to this. 1051:, Alexius and Irene-Maria's uncle. 315:from 1198 until his assassination. 3698:(in German) 2 vol., Leipzig 1873, 3666:Handbuch der deutschen Geschichte. 1366:a king had been murdered. Besides 1146:also switched to Philip's side in 901:in 1199 was rejected by the Welf. 683:on 30 November 1219 and had issue. 582:To improve relationships with the 561:Otto I, Count Palatine of Burgundy 25: 3423:(in German) Bamberg 2006, p. 229. 2305:Die Staufer. Herrscher und Reich. 2007:Eduard August Winkelmann (1873). 1890:(in German), Munich 2011, p. 206. 5190:Children of Frederick Barbarossa 5155:13th-century Kings of the Romans 5150:12th-century Kings of the Romans 4213:. Vol. 72. Editions Rodopi. 4117:Die Staufer. Herrscher und Reich 3968:Frederick II: A Medieval Emperor 3462:Verwandlungen des Stauferreichs. 2307:(in German). Munich 2006, p. 82. 1841:66, 2007, pp. 63–79 (in German). 1684:'s Yearbooks of German History ( 1331:, Ms. germ. fol. 129, fol. 117v. 1121:on 17 September 1204, Landgrave 1014:Spruch zur Magdeburger Weihnacht 740:Princes of the Holy Roman Empire 569:Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor 543:, the aunt of the reigning King 391:Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy 293:Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy 38: 4013:Pope Gregory X and the Crusades 3729:(in German), Trier 1886, p. 22. 2903:(in German) Munich 1994, p. 66. 1626:extremely negatively. Likewise 1417:Philip was initially buried in 1150:. The Duke of Brabant received 523:in 1189, but he drowned in the 283:Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor 223: 5160:13th-century murdered monarchs 4266:Scheibelreiter, Georg (2010). 4038:Ciggaar, Krijna Nelly (1996). 1758:, as it were the successor of 1421:, the burial place of Emperor 985:—close to Otto's residence in 598:, a lady who was described by 406:located into the East Swabian 1: 4147:Hucker, Bernd Ulrich (1998). 2277:Lothar von Heinemann (1882). 1719:Monumenta Germaniae Historica 1674:König Philipp der Hohenstaufe 1466:) was found in March 1209 by 786:. The election took place on 594:and the widow of junior King 555:had already died in 1191 and 125:15 August 1196 – 21 June 1208 27:King of Germany (1198 to 1208 3875:(in German), Darmstadt 2003. 3756:Frühmittelalterliche Studien 3651:(in German), Darmstadt 1969. 3607:Frühmittelalterliche Studien 2876:Frühmittelalterliche Studien 2694:Frühmittelalterliche Studien 2116:. C.H. Beck. pp. 272–. 1678:Heinrich Friedrich Otto Abel 1104:County Palatine of the Rhine 1020:of the bones of the Empress 431:Frederick II, Duke of Swabia 423:Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor 365:Kings of Germany family tree 320:Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor 5175:Burials at Speyer Cathedral 4372:Henryk Brodaty i jego czasy 4370:Zientara, Benedykt (1997). 4343:Weinfurter, Stefan (2008). 4231:. Rowman & Littlefield. 4222:. Cornell University Press. 4022:Philipp von Schwaben (1208) 4011:Baldwin, Philip B. (2014). 3638:, Berlin 2000, pp. 731–749. 3135:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 420–. 1708:Historischer Verein Bamberg 1639:and was heavily colored by 1185:by the correct coronator (" 964:, Cod. Guelf. 74.3 Aug. 2°. 441:Hohenstaufen dynasty to be 369:Philip was born in or near 361:Dukes of Swabia family tree 258:Elisabeth, Queen of Castile 253:Kunigunde, Queen of Bohemia 243:Beatrix, Holy Roman Empress 77:8 March 1198 – 21 June 1208 5211: 5081:North German Confederation 4997:Confederation of the Rhine 4336:13. Jahrhundert. 1198–1273 4334:Stürner, Wolfgang (2007). 4325:Stürner, Wolfgang (1992). 4316:Seibert, Hubertus (2005). 4275:Schieffer, Rudolf (2010). 4227:Madden, Thomas F. (2014). 4218:Lyon, Jonathan R. (2013). 3970:. Oxford University Press. 3670:Die Wende des Mittelalters 3664:(in German) In: Gebhardt: 3577:. Petersberg 2009, p. 303. 2920:Göttingen 2002, pp. 11–23. 1559:Walther von der Vogelweide 1355:and his brother, Margrave 1306:Walther von der Vogelweide 1208:From the 12th century the 1064:(13th century), Brussels, 1061:Chronica regia Coloniensis 1010:Walther von der Vogelweide 977:with tremendous splendor ( 917:(the reunification of the 750:in the person of the Welf 703: 600:Walther von der Vogelweide 499:, Codex 120 II, fol. 143r. 404:Duke Frederick I of Swabia 358: 44:Philip of Swabia with the 4547: 4541:Prince-Bishop of Würzburg 4538: 4532: 4524: 4515: 4507: 4497: 4488: 4480: 4470: 4455: 4447: 4442: 4415: 4257:Rzihacek, Andrea (2010). 4200:Kottmann, Katrin (2005). 4076:(in German). p. 80. 3979:(in Spanish). Cometa S.A. 3951:(in German), Vienna 2010. 3930:Hansmartin Schwarzmaier: 2614:Arnoldi Chronica Slavorum 2563:Arnoldi Chronica Slavorum 1667:Die Reichsministerialität 979:cum ingenti magnificentia 935:Speyerer Fürstenerklärung 611:, receiving the disputed 497:Burgerbibliothek of Berne 460:could be resolved in the 37: 5049:Archduke John of Austria 4535:Gottfried of Spitzenberg 4389:"Philip of Swabia" 4029:Bihrer, Andreas (2010). 4020:Bihrer, Andreas (2005). 3966:Abulafia, David (1988). 3778:, Stuttgart 2002, p. 20. 2457:58, 2003, pp. 1293–1318. 2140:Hanover 1990, pp. 25–35. 2013:. Duncker & Humblot. 1349:Otto VIII of Wittelsbach 1066:Royal Library of Belgium 989:—in the presence of the 700:Outbreak of the conflict 681:Ferdinand III of Castile 590:, a daughter of Emperor 492:Liber ad honorem Augusti 4395:Encyclopædia Britannica 4361:Wihoda, Martin (2015). 4352:Weller, Tobias (2010). 4307:Schütte, Bernd (2008). 4284:Schütte, Bernd (2002). 4191:Krieb, Steffen (2010). 4168:Krieb, Steffen (2000). 4070:Csendes, Peter (2010). 4051:(in German). Darmstadt. 4047:Csendes, Peter (2003). 3129:Michael Newton (2014). 1608:E.T.A.-Hoffmann-Theater 1337:Beatrice II of Burgundy 1230:Konrad IV of Regensburg 1022:Cunigunde of Luxembourg 800:Berthold V of Zähringen 738:Meanwhile, a number of 695:Struggle for the throne 671:Wenceslaus I of Bohemia 4250:10.25162/jgo-2021-0007 4002:Althoff, Gerd (2012). 3993:Althoff, Gerd (2009). 3984:Althoff, Gerd (1997). 3516:Georg Scheibelreiter: 3499:Hans Martin Schaller: 3464:Darmstadt 2010, p. 29. 3047:53, 2007, pp. 175–203. 2878:24, 1990, pp. 145–167. 2481:, p. 132 and 140. 2174:Duranöz Özlem (2009). 1604:Karl Friedrich Lessing 1546:Frutolf of Michelsberg 1332: 1324:Sächsische Weltchronik 1246:Theodoric I of Meissen 1069: 1033:Boniface of Montferrat 965: 915:unio regni ad imperium 891:Aymon II of Tarentaise 804:Hermann I of Thuringia 673:in 1224 and had issue. 553:Frederick VI of Swabia 549:unio regni ad imperium 500: 180:21 June 1208 (aged 31) 4422:House of Hohenstaufen 4288:(in German). Hanover. 4138:Görich, Knut (2010). 4115:Görich, Knut (2006). 3647:Hellmut Kämpf (ed.): 3299:Bernd Ulrich Hucker: 3044:Archiv für Diplomatik 2136:Bernd Ulrich Hucker: 1514:Constantine the Great 1320: 1220:circle". The Bishops 1068:, Ms. 467, fol. 138r. 1057: 962:Herzog August Library 959: 952:Consolidation of rule 792:Leopold VI of Austria 762:and a nephew of King 706:German throne dispute 485: 395:House of Hohenstaufen 359:Further information: 340:German throne dispute 309:House of Hohenstaufen 5062:German Confederation 5016:German Confederation 4119:(in German). Munich. 4015:. The Boydell Press. 3938:69, 2010, pp. 71–90. 3921:69, 2010, pp. 37–70. 3904:69, 2010, pp. 17–36. 3758:45, 2011, pp. 77–98. 3226:Vienna 2010, p. 120. 2750:Vienna 2010, p. 216. 1641:romantic nationalism 1585:Frederick Barbarossa 1538:Chronicon universale 1518:Stephen I of Hungary 1488:as a rival emperor ( 1368:Albert I of Habsburg 1329:Berlin State Library 1226:Hartwig of Eichstätt 1222:Konrad of Hildesheim 1198:colloquium familiare 1131:) through which the 1123:Hermann of Thuringia 1117:During the siege of 1087:Ottokar I of Bohemia 1035:, the leader of the 796:Ottokar I of Bohemia 764:Richard I of England 557:Conrad of Rothenburg 545:William II of Sicily 389:and his second wife 379:Frederick Barbarossa 52:in the Chronicle of 4601:Carolingian dynasty 4588:Monarchs of Germany 4518:Margrave of Tuscany 4374:. Wydawnictwo TRIO. 4354:Dynastische Politik 4156:Keupp, Jan (2008). 3814:, pp. 151–161. 3725:Wilhelm Grotefend: 3694:Eduard Winkelmann: 3660:Herbert Grundmann: 3609:26, 1992, pp. 1–31. 3507:Mainz 2000, p. 402. 3354:, pp. 122–142. 3290:, pp. 111–127. 3271:Eduard Winkelmann: 3262:, pp. 169–171. 3117:Kroonen et al. 2014 3093:Scheibelreiter 2010 2899:Werner Paravicini: 2218:, pp. 277–291. 1614:Historical research 1534:Burchard of Ursperg 1524:Medieval judgements 1439:Hohenstaufen Castle 1431:Annales Pegaviensis 1380:Henry I the Bearded 1364:Merovingian dynasty 1026:Magdeburg Cathedral 883:Philip II of France 840:Bishop of Paderborn 719:. While staying in 661:Henry II of Brabant 620:Bernger von Horheim 609:Margrave of Tuscany 596:Roger III of Sicily 157:February/March 1177 4686:Kingdom of Germany 4650:Kingdom of Germany 4172:(in German). Köln. 3387:Hubertus Seibert: 3071:, p. 33, 244. 2912:Rudolf Schieffer: 2742:Christian Friedl: 1756:Philippus Secundus 1633:Wars of Liberation 1579:Artistic reception 1553:). The chronicler 1433:(chronicle of the 1357:Henry II of Istria 1333: 1286:) and south-west ( 1242:Louis I of Bavaria 1238:Bernhard of Saxony 1144:Henry I of Brabant 1133:historical sources 1100:Lichtenberg Castle 1070: 1058:Philip of Swabia. 966: 946:genus persecutorum 906:Holy Roman Emperor 844:Thietmar of Minden 624:Pope Celestine III 527:(Saleph) River in 501: 454:Pope Alexander III 446:King of the Romans 399:Frederick of Büren 387:Holy Roman Emperor 87:8 September 1198, 67:King of the Romans 5127: 5126: 5053: 5052:(Imperial Regent) 4691:Holy Roman Empire 4620:Louis the Younger 4555: 4554: 4548:Succeeded by 4525:Succeeded by 4498:Succeeded by 4471:Succeeded by 4417:Philip of Swabia 3397:118, 2010, p. 82. 3338:978-3-638-54600-3 3142:978-1-61069-286-1 2717:Claudia Garnier: 2696:35, 2001, p. 330. 2541:, pp. 35–57. 2290:978-3-487-41991-6 2187:978-3-640-31571-0 2123:978-3-406-50958-2 1682:Eduard Winkelmann 1530:premonstratensian 1490:alium imperatorem 1478:Pope Innocent III 1419:Bamberg Cathedral 1399:Eduard Winkelmann 1353:Ekbert of Bamberg 1079:Pope Innocent III 995:Bernard of Saxony 927:favor apostolicus 923:Kingdom of Sicily 919:Holy Roman Empire 910:Pope Innocent III 752:Otto of Brunswick 744:Adolph of Cologne 607:1195 he was made 513:collegiate church 469:Philip of Cologne 344:Otto of Brunswick 324:Kingdom of Sicily 298: 297: 18:Philip of Germany 16:(Redirected from 5202: 5185:Sons of emperors 5051: 4610:Louis the German 4581: 4574: 4567: 4558: 4550:Heinrich of Berg 4533:Preceded by 4508:Preceded by 4481:Preceded by 4448:Preceded by 4438: 4431: 4413: 4399: 4391: 4375: 4366: 4357: 4348: 4339: 4330: 4321: 4312: 4303: 4297: 4289: 4280: 4271: 4262: 4253: 4232: 4223: 4214: 4205: 4196: 4187: 4181: 4173: 4161: 4152: 4143: 4134: 4128: 4120: 4111: 4105: 4101: 4099: 4091: 4089: 4088: 4066: 4060: 4052: 4043: 4034: 4025: 4016: 4007: 3998: 3989: 3980: 3971: 3952: 3945: 3939: 3934:(in German) In: 3928: 3922: 3917:(in German) In: 3911: 3905: 3900:(in German) In: 3894: 3888: 3882: 3876: 3869: 3863: 3857: 3851: 3845: 3839: 3833: 3827: 3821: 3815: 3809: 3803: 3797: 3791: 3785: 3779: 3765: 3759: 3754:(in German) In: 3748: 3742: 3736: 3730: 3723: 3717: 3711: 3705: 3692: 3686: 3679: 3673: 3658: 3652: 3645: 3639: 3628: 3622: 3616: 3610: 3605:(in German) In: 3596: 3590: 3584: 3578: 3569:Thomas Scharff, 3567: 3561: 3555: 3549: 3543: 3537: 3531: 3525: 3514: 3508: 3497: 3491: 3484: 3478: 3471: 3465: 3454: 3448: 3442: 3436: 3430: 3424: 3417: 3411: 3404: 3398: 3391:(in German) In: 3385: 3379: 3373: 3367: 3361: 3355: 3349: 3343: 3342: 3322: 3316: 3310: 3304: 3297: 3291: 3285: 3276: 3269: 3263: 3257: 3251: 3245: 3239: 3233: 3227: 3216: 3210: 3204: 3198: 3192: 3186: 3180: 3174: 3168: 3162: 3156: 3147: 3146: 3126: 3120: 3114: 3108: 3102: 3096: 3090: 3084: 3078: 3072: 3066: 3060: 3054: 3048: 3041:(in German) In: 3035: 3029: 3023: 3017: 3011: 3005: 2999: 2993: 2987: 2981: 2975: 2969: 2963: 2957: 2951: 2945: 2939: 2933: 2927: 2921: 2910: 2904: 2897: 2891: 2885: 2879: 2874:(in German) In: 2868: 2862: 2856: 2850: 2844: 2838: 2832: 2826: 2820: 2811: 2805: 2799: 2793: 2787: 2781: 2775: 2769: 2763: 2757: 2751: 2740: 2734: 2728: 2722: 2715: 2709: 2703: 2697: 2692:(in German) In: 2686: 2680: 2674: 2668: 2662: 2656: 2650: 2644: 2638: 2632: 2626: 2617: 2611: 2605: 2599: 2590: 2584: 2578: 2572: 2566: 2560: 2554: 2548: 2542: 2536: 2530: 2524: 2518: 2512: 2506: 2500: 2494: 2488: 2482: 2476: 2470: 2464: 2458: 2447: 2441: 2435: 2429: 2423: 2417: 2411: 2405: 2394: 2388: 2379:Stefan Pätzold: 2377: 2371: 2365: 2359: 2353: 2344: 2338: 2332: 2326: 2320: 2314: 2308: 2301: 2295: 2294: 2274: 2268: 2261: 2255: 2249: 2243: 2237: 2231: 2225: 2219: 2213: 2207: 2201: 2192: 2191: 2171: 2165: 2159: 2153: 2147: 2141: 2134: 2128: 2127: 2107: 2101: 2095: 2086: 2080: 2074: 2067:Beatrix Posthuma 2063: 2057: 2051: 2045: 2039: 2030: 2024: 2015: 2014: 2004: 1993: 1986: 1980: 1974: 1968: 1962: 1956: 1950: 1944: 1938: 1932: 1926: 1920: 1914: 1908: 1899:Walter Ziegler: 1897: 1891: 1884: 1878: 1872: 1866: 1860: 1854: 1848: 1842: 1819: 1813: 1807: 1798: 1792: 1786: 1780: 1763: 1757: 1752: 1704:medieval studies 1596:history painting 1555:Arnold of Lübeck 1542:Ekkehard of Aura 1506:Bamberg Horseman 1498:Speyer Cathedral 1397:Since historian 1234:Konrad of Speyer 1137:Arnold of Lübeck 824:Imperial Regalia 802:, and Landgrave 777: 584:Byzantine Empire 517:Aachen Cathedral 462:Treaty of Venice 421:, a daughter of 375:Kingdom of Italy 373:in the Imperial 301:Philip of Swabia 227: 225: 202:Speyer Cathedral 179: 177: 46:Imperial Regalia 42: 30: 21: 5210: 5209: 5205: 5204: 5203: 5201: 5200: 5199: 5165:Dukes of Swabia 5130: 5129: 5128: 5123: 5094: 5075: 5056: 5034: 5010: 4991: 4858:Frederick (III) 4689: 4680: 4648: 4639: 4635:Louis the Child 4625:Charles the Fat 4599: 4590: 4585: 4551: 4544: 4536: 4528: 4521: 4513: 4503: 4494: 4486: 4476: 4463: 4461: 4458:King of Germany 4453: 4432: 4426: 4425: 4418: 4386: 4383: 4378: 4369: 4360: 4351: 4342: 4333: 4324: 4315: 4306: 4290: 4283: 4274: 4265: 4256: 4235: 4226: 4217: 4208: 4199: 4190: 4174: 4167: 4155: 4146: 4137: 4121: 4114: 4102: 4092: 4086: 4084: 4069: 4053: 4046: 4037: 4028: 4019: 4010: 4001: 3992: 3983: 3974: 3965: 3961: 3956: 3955: 3946: 3942: 3929: 3925: 3912: 3908: 3895: 3891: 3883: 3879: 3871:Peter Csendes: 3870: 3866: 3858: 3854: 3846: 3842: 3834: 3830: 3822: 3818: 3810: 3806: 3798: 3794: 3786: 3782: 3766: 3762: 3749: 3745: 3737: 3733: 3724: 3720: 3712: 3708: 3693: 3689: 3680: 3676: 3659: 3655: 3646: 3642: 3629: 3625: 3617: 3613: 3597: 3593: 3585: 3581: 3568: 3564: 3556: 3552: 3544: 3540: 3532: 3528: 3515: 3511: 3498: 3494: 3486:Caspar Ehlers: 3485: 3481: 3473:Hubert Houben: 3472: 3468: 3456:Olaf B. Rader: 3455: 3451: 3443: 3439: 3431: 3427: 3418: 3414: 3406:Olaf B. Rader: 3405: 3401: 3386: 3382: 3374: 3370: 3362: 3358: 3350: 3346: 3339: 3331:. GRIN Verlag. 3324: 3323: 3319: 3311: 3307: 3298: 3294: 3286: 3279: 3270: 3266: 3258: 3254: 3246: 3242: 3234: 3230: 3218:Bernd Schütte: 3217: 3213: 3205: 3201: 3193: 3189: 3181: 3177: 3169: 3165: 3157: 3150: 3143: 3128: 3127: 3123: 3115: 3111: 3103: 3099: 3091: 3087: 3079: 3075: 3067: 3063: 3055: 3051: 3036: 3032: 3024: 3020: 3012: 3008: 3000: 2996: 2988: 2984: 2976: 2972: 2964: 2960: 2952: 2948: 2940: 2936: 2928: 2924: 2911: 2907: 2898: 2894: 2886: 2882: 2869: 2865: 2857: 2853: 2845: 2841: 2833: 2829: 2821: 2814: 2806: 2802: 2794: 2790: 2782: 2778: 2770: 2766: 2760:Weinfurter 2008 2758: 2754: 2741: 2737: 2731:Weinfurter 2008 2729: 2725: 2716: 2712: 2704: 2700: 2687: 2683: 2675: 2671: 2663: 2659: 2651: 2647: 2639: 2635: 2627: 2620: 2612: 2608: 2600: 2593: 2585: 2581: 2573: 2569: 2561: 2557: 2549: 2545: 2537: 2533: 2525: 2521: 2513: 2509: 2501: 2497: 2489: 2485: 2477: 2473: 2465: 2461: 2448: 2444: 2436: 2432: 2424: 2420: 2412: 2408: 2395: 2391: 2378: 2374: 2366: 2362: 2354: 2347: 2339: 2335: 2327: 2323: 2315: 2311: 2302: 2298: 2291: 2276: 2275: 2271: 2262: 2258: 2250: 2246: 2238: 2234: 2226: 2222: 2214: 2210: 2202: 2195: 2188: 2180:. GRIN Verlag. 2173: 2172: 2168: 2160: 2156: 2148: 2144: 2138:Kaiser Otto IV. 2135: 2131: 2124: 2109: 2108: 2104: 2096: 2089: 2081: 2077: 2064: 2060: 2052: 2048: 2040: 2033: 2025: 2018: 2006: 2005: 1996: 1988:Peter Csendes: 1987: 1983: 1975: 1971: 1963: 1959: 1951: 1947: 1939: 1935: 1927: 1923: 1915: 1911: 1898: 1894: 1885: 1881: 1873: 1869: 1861: 1857: 1849: 1845: 1820: 1816: 1808: 1801: 1793: 1789: 1781: 1777: 1772: 1767: 1766: 1760:Philip the Arab 1755: 1753: 1749: 1744: 1658:Road to Canossa 1616: 1581: 1526: 1482:excommunication 1471:Henry of Kalden 1468:Reichsmarschall 1415: 1341:Otto of Merania 1315: 1260:Henry of Kalden 1232:and especially 1206: 1041:Alexius Angelus 954: 899:Conrad of Mainz 887:Mainz Cathedral 879:Bertram of Metz 848:Prince-Provosts 822:. Instead, the 775: 708: 702: 697: 651:Emperor Otto IV 577:Crusade of 1197 383:King of Germany 367: 357: 352: 326:) collapsed in 313:King of Germany 262: 229: 226: 1197) 221: 217: 204: 181: 175: 173: 158: 63:King of Germany 57: 54:Weissenau Abbey 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5208: 5206: 5198: 5197: 5195:Sons of counts 5192: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5172: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5132: 5131: 5125: 5124: 5122: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5105: 5103: 5096: 5095: 5093: 5092: 5086: 5084: 5077: 5076: 5074: 5073: 5071:Franz Joseph I 5067: 5065: 5058: 5057: 5055: 5054: 5045: 5043: 5036: 5035: 5033: 5032: 5027: 5021: 5019: 5012: 5011: 5009: 5008: 5002: 5000: 4993: 4992: 4990: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4776: 4771: 4766: 4761: 4759:Lothair II/III 4756: 4751: 4746: 4739: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4717: 4712: 4707: 4702: 4696: 4694: 4682: 4681: 4679: 4678: 4673: 4666: 4661: 4655: 4653: 4641: 4640: 4638: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4612: 4606: 4604: 4592: 4591: 4586: 4584: 4583: 4576: 4569: 4561: 4553: 4552: 4549: 4546: 4537: 4534: 4530: 4529: 4526: 4523: 4514: 4509: 4505: 4504: 4499: 4496: 4491:Duke of Swabia 4487: 4482: 4478: 4477: 4472: 4469: 4464:(contested by 4454: 4449: 4445: 4444: 4443:Regnal titles 4440: 4439: 4419: 4416: 4411: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4382: 4381:External links 4379: 4377: 4376: 4367: 4358: 4349: 4340: 4331: 4322: 4313: 4304: 4281: 4272: 4263: 4254: 4244:(2): 253–292. 4233: 4224: 4215: 4206: 4197: 4188: 4165: 4153: 4144: 4135: 4112: 4104:|website= 4067: 4044: 4035: 4026: 4017: 4008: 3999: 3990: 3981: 3972: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3954: 3953: 3940: 3923: 3913:Sönke Lorenz: 3906: 3889: 3877: 3864: 3862:, p. 140. 3852: 3850:, p. 107. 3840: 3838:, p. 151. 3828: 3826:, p. 150. 3816: 3804: 3800:Schieffer 2010 3792: 3790:, p. 231. 3780: 3760: 3750:Gerd Althoff: 3743: 3739:Schieffer 2010 3731: 3718: 3714:Schieffer 2010 3706: 3687: 3674: 3653: 3640: 3630:Gerd Althoff: 3623: 3611: 3591: 3579: 3562: 3550: 3548:, p. 200. 3538: 3536:, p. 162. 3526: 3509: 3492: 3479: 3466: 3449: 3437: 3435:, p. 269. 3425: 3419:Sven Pflefka: 3412: 3399: 3380: 3368: 3366:, p. 119. 3356: 3344: 3337: 3317: 3315:, p. 192. 3305: 3292: 3277: 3264: 3252: 3250:, p. 118. 3240: 3228: 3211: 3199: 3187: 3185:, p. 123. 3175: 3173:, p. 123. 3163: 3161:, p. 175. 3148: 3141: 3121: 3119:, p. 243. 3109: 3097: 3085: 3083:, p. 246. 3073: 3061: 3059:, p. 141. 3049: 3030: 3028:, p. 157. 3018: 3016:, p. 158. 3006: 2994: 2982: 2970: 2968:, p. 167. 2958: 2946: 2944:, p. 163. 2934: 2922: 2905: 2892: 2880: 2870:Gerd Althoff: 2863: 2861:, p. 143. 2851: 2849:, p. 278. 2839: 2837:, p. 141. 2827: 2812: 2810:, p. 136. 2800: 2788: 2776: 2774:, p. 204. 2764: 2752: 2735: 2723: 2710: 2708:, p. 156. 2698: 2688:Hermann Kamp: 2681: 2679:, p. 152. 2669: 2657: 2645: 2643:, p. 325. 2633: 2618: 2606: 2591: 2589:, p. 139. 2579: 2567: 2555: 2553:, p. 205. 2543: 2531: 2529:, p. 203. 2519: 2517:, p. 213. 2507: 2505:, p. 195. 2495: 2493:, p. 213. 2483: 2471: 2459: 2442: 2430: 2418: 2416:, p. 149. 2406: 2389: 2372: 2370:, p. 132. 2360: 2358:, p. 130. 2345: 2333: 2321: 2309: 2296: 2289: 2269: 2263:Gerd Althoff: 2256: 2254:, p. 170. 2244: 2242:, p. 398. 2232: 2220: 2208: 2206:, p. 202. 2193: 2186: 2166: 2164:, p. 347. 2154: 2152:, p. 346. 2142: 2129: 2122: 2102: 2087: 2075: 2058: 2046: 2044:, p. 295. 2031: 2029:, p. 194. 2016: 1994: 1981: 1979:, p. 490. 1969: 1967:, p. 240. 1957: 1955:, p. 155. 1945: 1943:, p. 134. 1933: 1921: 1909: 1892: 1879: 1877:, p. 139. 1867: 1865:, p. 138. 1855: 1843: 1814: 1812:, p. 181. 1810:Alemparte 1986 1799: 1787: 1785:, p. 260. 1774: 1773: 1771: 1768: 1765: 1764: 1746: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1628:Kleinstaaterei 1624:ultramontanism 1615: 1612: 1600:Alexander Zick 1580: 1577: 1573:Eike of Repgow 1568:Sachsenspiegel 1525: 1522: 1414: 1411: 1343:on 21 June in 1314: 1311: 1250:Henry the Lion 1205: 1202: 1094:, the city of 1045:Constantinople 1037:Fourth Crusade 953: 950: 788:Laetare Sunday 760:Henry the Lion 704:Main article: 701: 698: 696: 693: 688: 687: 684: 674: 664: 654: 632:Duke of Swabia 588:Irene Angelina 488:Peter of Eboli 477:Henry the Lion 458:Lombard League 415:Salian dynasty 356: 353: 351: 348: 328:imperial Italy 296: 295: 290: 286: 285: 280: 276: 275: 270: 264: 263: 261: 260: 255: 250: 245: 239: 237: 231: 230: 219: 215:Irene Angelina 213: 212: 210: 206: 205: 200: 198: 194: 193: 171: 167: 166: 155: 151: 150: 147: 146: 141: 137: 136: 131: 127: 126: 123: 119: 118: 116:Duke of Swabia 112: 111: 106: 102: 101: 96: 92: 91: 85: 79: 78: 75: 71: 70: 59: 58: 43: 35: 34: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5207: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5137: 5135: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5114:Frederick III 5112: 5110: 5107: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5100:German Empire 5097: 5091: 5088: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5078: 5072: 5069: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5059: 5050: 5047: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5040:German Empire 5037: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5013: 5007: 5004: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4994: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4942:Ferdinand III 4940: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4922:Maximilian II 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4902:Frederick III 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4887: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4870: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4828: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4811: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4744: 4740: 4738: 4737: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4698: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4687: 4683: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4671: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4646: 4642: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4582: 4577: 4575: 4570: 4568: 4563: 4562: 4559: 4543: 4542: 4531: 4520: 4519: 4512: 4506: 4502: 4493: 4492: 4485: 4479: 4475: 4467: 4460: 4459: 4452: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4429: 4424: 4423: 4414: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4397: 4396: 4390: 4385: 4384: 4380: 4373: 4368: 4364: 4359: 4355: 4350: 4346: 4341: 4337: 4332: 4328: 4323: 4319: 4314: 4310: 4305: 4301: 4295: 4287: 4282: 4278: 4273: 4269: 4264: 4260: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4234: 4230: 4225: 4221: 4216: 4212: 4207: 4203: 4198: 4194: 4189: 4185: 4179: 4171: 4166: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4150: 4145: 4141: 4136: 4132: 4126: 4118: 4113: 4109: 4097: 4083: 4079: 4075: 4074: 4068: 4064: 4058: 4050: 4045: 4041: 4036: 4032: 4027: 4023: 4018: 4014: 4009: 4005: 4000: 3996: 3991: 3987: 3982: 3978: 3973: 3969: 3964: 3963: 3958: 3950: 3944: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3927: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3910: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3896:Thomas Zotz: 3893: 3890: 3886: 3881: 3878: 3874: 3868: 3865: 3861: 3856: 3853: 3849: 3844: 3841: 3837: 3832: 3829: 3825: 3820: 3817: 3813: 3812:Rzihacek 2010 3808: 3805: 3801: 3796: 3793: 3789: 3784: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3764: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3747: 3744: 3740: 3735: 3732: 3728: 3722: 3719: 3715: 3710: 3707: 3704: 3703: 3697: 3691: 3688: 3684: 3678: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3657: 3654: 3650: 3644: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3627: 3624: 3621:, p. 23. 3620: 3615: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3595: 3592: 3589:, p. 15. 3588: 3583: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3566: 3563: 3560:. ad a. 1198. 3559: 3554: 3551: 3547: 3542: 3539: 3535: 3530: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3513: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3496: 3493: 3489: 3483: 3480: 3476: 3470: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3453: 3450: 3447:, p. 92. 3446: 3441: 3438: 3434: 3429: 3426: 3422: 3416: 3413: 3409: 3403: 3400: 3396: 3395: 3390: 3384: 3381: 3378:, p. 14. 3377: 3372: 3369: 3365: 3360: 3357: 3353: 3348: 3345: 3340: 3334: 3330: 3329: 3321: 3318: 3314: 3309: 3306: 3302: 3296: 3293: 3289: 3284: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3268: 3265: 3261: 3260:Zientara 1997 3256: 3253: 3249: 3244: 3241: 3238:, p. 12. 3237: 3232: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3215: 3212: 3209:, p. 17. 3208: 3203: 3200: 3197:, p. 16. 3196: 3191: 3188: 3184: 3179: 3176: 3172: 3167: 3164: 3160: 3155: 3153: 3149: 3144: 3138: 3134: 3133: 3125: 3122: 3118: 3113: 3110: 3107:, p. 76. 3106: 3101: 3098: 3095:, p. 87. 3094: 3089: 3086: 3082: 3077: 3074: 3070: 3065: 3062: 3058: 3053: 3050: 3046: 3045: 3040: 3034: 3031: 3027: 3026:Rzihacek 2010 3022: 3019: 3015: 3014:Rzihacek 2010 3010: 3007: 3004:, p. 55. 3003: 2998: 2995: 2992:, p. 52. 2991: 2986: 2983: 2980:, p. 50. 2979: 2974: 2971: 2967: 2962: 2959: 2956:, p. 46. 2955: 2950: 2947: 2943: 2938: 2935: 2932:, p. 40. 2931: 2926: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2909: 2906: 2902: 2896: 2893: 2890:, p. 74. 2889: 2884: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2867: 2864: 2860: 2855: 2852: 2848: 2843: 2840: 2836: 2831: 2828: 2825:, p. 93. 2824: 2819: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2804: 2801: 2798:, p. 55. 2797: 2792: 2789: 2786:, p. 52. 2785: 2780: 2777: 2773: 2768: 2765: 2762:, p. 32. 2761: 2756: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2739: 2736: 2733:, p. 29. 2732: 2727: 2724: 2720: 2714: 2711: 2707: 2706:Rzihacek 2010 2702: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2685: 2682: 2678: 2677:Kottmann 2005 2673: 2670: 2667:, p. 92. 2666: 2661: 2658: 2655:, p. 84. 2654: 2649: 2646: 2642: 2637: 2634: 2631:, p. 51. 2630: 2625: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2610: 2607: 2604:, p. 91. 2603: 2598: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2583: 2580: 2577:, p. 37. 2576: 2571: 2568: 2564: 2559: 2556: 2552: 2547: 2544: 2540: 2535: 2532: 2528: 2523: 2520: 2516: 2511: 2508: 2504: 2499: 2496: 2492: 2487: 2484: 2480: 2475: 2472: 2469:, p. 21. 2468: 2463: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2446: 2443: 2440:, p. 18. 2439: 2434: 2431: 2428:, p. 17. 2427: 2422: 2419: 2415: 2410: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2393: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2376: 2373: 2369: 2364: 2361: 2357: 2352: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2337: 2334: 2331:, p. 78. 2330: 2325: 2322: 2318: 2313: 2310: 2306: 2303:Knut Görich: 2300: 2297: 2292: 2286: 2282: 2281: 2273: 2270: 2266: 2260: 2257: 2253: 2252:Kottmann 2005 2248: 2245: 2241: 2236: 2233: 2230:, p. 81. 2229: 2224: 2221: 2217: 2212: 2209: 2205: 2200: 2198: 2194: 2189: 2183: 2179: 2178: 2170: 2167: 2163: 2158: 2155: 2151: 2146: 2143: 2139: 2133: 2130: 2125: 2119: 2115: 2114: 2106: 2103: 2100:, p. 80. 2099: 2094: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2079: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2062: 2059: 2056:, p. 27. 2055: 2050: 2047: 2043: 2038: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2023: 2021: 2017: 2012: 2011: 2003: 2001: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1985: 1982: 1978: 1973: 1970: 1966: 1961: 1958: 1954: 1953:Rzihacek 2010 1949: 1946: 1942: 1937: 1934: 1931:, p. 91. 1930: 1929:Abulafia 1988 1925: 1922: 1919:, p. 80. 1918: 1913: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1896: 1893: 1889: 1886:Knut Görich: 1883: 1880: 1876: 1871: 1868: 1864: 1859: 1856: 1852: 1847: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1818: 1815: 1811: 1806: 1804: 1800: 1797:, p. 19. 1796: 1791: 1788: 1784: 1779: 1776: 1769: 1761: 1751: 1748: 1741: 1739: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1720: 1715: 1714: 1713:ministeriales 1709: 1705: 1700: 1696: 1694: 1693: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1670: 1668: 1663: 1659: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1613: 1611: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1592: 1590: 1586: 1578: 1576: 1574: 1570: 1569: 1562: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1523: 1521: 1519: 1516:, King Saint 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1465: 1464: 1458: 1454: 1453: 1448: 1444: 1443:Imperial Diet 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1412: 1410: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1395: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1360: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1330: 1326: 1325: 1319: 1312: 1310: 1307: 1302: 1299: 1298: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1264: 1261: 1257: 1256: 1255:ministeriales 1251: 1247: 1244:and Margrave 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1218: 1217: 1211: 1203: 1201: 1199: 1195: 1190: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1167: 1162: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1140: 1138: 1134: 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Welf 447: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 416: 411: 409: 405: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 366: 362: 354: 349: 347: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 316: 314: 310: 306: 302: 294: 291: 287: 284: 281: 277: 274: 271: 269: 265: 259: 256: 254: 251: 249: 246: 244: 241: 240: 238: 236: 232: 216: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 192: 188: 184: 172: 168: 165: 161: 156: 152: 148: 145: 142: 138: 135: 132: 128: 124: 120: 117: 113: 110: 107: 103: 100: 97: 93: 90: 86: 84: 80: 76: 72: 68: 64: 60: 55: 51: 47: 41: 36: 31: 19: 5170:Hohenstaufen 4947:Ferdinand IV 4937:Ferdinand II 4907:Maximilian I 4884: 4867: 4825: 4810:Henry (VIII) 4808: 4794:Frederick II 4783: 4749:Conrad (III) 4741: 4734: 4668: 4645:East Francia 4596:East Francia 4539: 4516: 4501:Frederick VI 4489: 4456: 4434: 4427: 4420: 4393: 4371: 4362: 4353: 4344: 4335: 4326: 4317: 4308: 4285: 4276: 4267: 4258: 4241: 4237: 4228: 4219: 4210: 4201: 4192: 4169: 4157: 4148: 4139: 4116: 4085:. Retrieved 4072: 4048: 4039: 4030: 4021: 4012: 4003: 3994: 3985: 3976: 3967: 3948: 3943: 3935: 3931: 3926: 3918: 3914: 3909: 3901: 3897: 3892: 3884: 3880: 3872: 3867: 3860:Schütte 2002 3855: 3848:Schütte 2002 3843: 3836:Schütte 2002 3831: 3824:Schütte 2002 3819: 3807: 3802:, p. 1. 3795: 3783: 3775: 3771: 3763: 3755: 3751: 3746: 3741:, p. 3. 3734: 3726: 3721: 3716:, p. 2. 3709: 3701: 3695: 3690: 3682: 3677: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3656: 3648: 3643: 3635: 3631: 3626: 3614: 3606: 3602: 3599:Hagen Keller 3594: 3582: 3574: 3570: 3565: 3557: 3553: 3546:Csendes 2003 3541: 3534:Stürner 2007 3529: 3521: 3517: 3512: 3504: 3500: 3495: 3487: 3482: 3474: 3469: 3461: 3457: 3452: 3440: 3433:Schütte 2002 3428: 3420: 3415: 3407: 3402: 3392: 3388: 3383: 3371: 3359: 3347: 3327: 3320: 3313:Csendes 2003 3308: 3300: 3295: 3272: 3267: 3255: 3243: 3231: 3223: 3219: 3214: 3202: 3190: 3178: 3166: 3159:Stürner 2007 3131: 3124: 3112: 3105:Csendes 2010 3100: 3088: 3081:Schütte 2002 3076: 3069:Schütte 2002 3064: 3057:Schütte 2002 3052: 3042: 3038: 3033: 3021: 3009: 3002:Schütte 2008 2997: 2990:Schütte 2008 2985: 2978:Schütte 2008 2973: 2966:Schütte 2002 2961: 2954:Schütte 2008 2949: 2942:Schütte 2002 2937: 2930:Schütte 2002 2925: 2917: 2913: 2908: 2900: 2895: 2883: 2875: 2871: 2866: 2854: 2842: 2830: 2803: 2791: 2779: 2767: 2755: 2747: 2743: 2738: 2726: 2718: 2713: 2701: 2693: 2689: 2684: 2672: 2660: 2648: 2641:Schütte 2002 2636: 2629:Schütte 2008 2613: 2609: 2582: 2570: 2562: 2558: 2551:Althoff 2009 2546: 2534: 2527:Althoff 2009 2522: 2515:Althoff 2009 2510: 2498: 2486: 2474: 2467:Althoff 2012 2462: 2454: 2450: 2445: 2438:Althoff 2012 2433: 2426:Althoff 2012 2421: 2409: 2401: 2397: 2392: 2384: 2380: 2375: 2363: 2340: 2336: 2324: 2316: 2312: 2304: 2299: 2279: 2272: 2264: 2259: 2247: 2240:Schütte 2002 2235: 2228:Csendes 2010 2223: 2211: 2204:Althoff 2009 2176: 2169: 2162:Schütte 2002 2157: 2150:Schütte 2002 2145: 2137: 2132: 2112: 2105: 2098:Csendes 2010 2085:, p. 4. 2083:Schütte 2002 2078: 2066: 2061: 2054:Baldwin 2014 2049: 2042:Stürner 1992 2009: 1989: 1984: 1977:Schütte 2002 1972: 1965:Ciggaar 1996 1960: 1948: 1936: 1924: 1912: 1904: 1900: 1895: 1887: 1882: 1875:Althoff 1997 1870: 1863:Althoff 1997 1858: 1853:, p. 4. 1851:Seibert 2005 1846: 1838: 1834: 1826: 1822: 1817: 1790: 1783:Maiorov 2021 1778: 1750: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1717: 1711: 1707: 1701: 1697: 1691: 1685: 1673: 1671: 1666: 1653:Hohenstaufen 1617: 1610:in Bamberg. 1593: 1589:Frederick II 1582: 1566: 1563: 1550: 1537: 1527: 1489: 1486:Frederick II 1475: 1467: 1461: 1457:Imperial ban 1450: 1430: 1416: 1396: 1387: 1361: 1334: 1322: 1303: 1295: 1265: 1253: 1214: 1207: 1197: 1191: 1187:Königskröner 1186: 1177: 1170: 1141: 1126: 1116: 1107: 1096:Braunschweig 1083: 1071: 1059: 1030: 1013: 1004: 999: 978: 971: 967: 945: 941: 939: 934: 931: 926: 914: 903: 894: 876: 864: 856:Königskröner 855: 846:, and three 737: 709: 689: 581: 567:, the later 548: 502: 490: 473:Gerd Althoff 466: 412: 368: 317: 304: 300: 299: 273:Hohenstaufen 144:Frederick IV 5145:1208 deaths 5140:1177 births 5102:(1871–1918) 5083:(1867–1871) 5064:(1850–1866) 5042:(1848/1849) 5030:Ferdinand I 5018:(1815–1848) 4999:(1806–1813) 4967:Charles VII 4917:Ferdinand I 4799:Henry (VII) 4774:Frederick I 4511:Christian I 3768:Peter Moraw 3681:Karl Bosl: 3619:Bihrer 2010 3587:Bihrer 2010 3445:Görich 2006 3376:Bihrer 2010 3364:Bihrer 2005 3288:Hucker 1998 3248:Bihrer 2005 3236:Bihrer 2010 3207:Bihrer 2010 3195:Bihrer 2010 3183:Bihrer 2005 2859:Görich 2010 2835:Görich 2010 2823:Wihoda 2015 2808:Görich 2010 2772:Weller 2010 2665:Wihoda 2015 2653:Görich 2006 2602:Wihoda 2015 2587:Görich 2010 2503:Weller 2010 2491:Weller 2010 2479:Görich 2010 2414:Görich 2010 2396:Jan Keupp: 2368:Görich 2010 2356:Görich 2010 2027:Weller 2010 1917:Madden 2014 1795:Görich 2006 1620:Kulturkampf 1452:Landfrieden 1435:Pegau Abbey 1297:itinerarium 1173:Palm Sunday 1049:Alexius III 1005:Minnesänger 872:Middle Ages 820:Lothair III 617:Minnesinger 355:Early years 130:Predecessor 95:Predecessor 5134:Categories 5119:William II 5006:Napoleon I 4987:Francis II 4982:Leopold II 4962:Charles VI 4875:Wenceslaus 4863:Charles IV 4769:Henry (VI) 4764:Conrad III 4693:(962–1806) 4688:within the 4598:during the 4545:1190–1191 4522:1195–1197 4495:1196–1208 4087:2024-01-10 4082:1358466577 3788:Krieb 2000 3352:Keupp 2008 3171:Keupp 2008 2888:Krieb 2000 2847:Krieb 2010 2796:Krieb 2000 2784:Krieb 2000 2575:Krieb 2000 2565:, VIII, 1. 2539:Krieb 2000 2329:Krieb 2000 2216:Krieb 2010 1831:Ostfildern 1770:References 1427:Conrad III 1384:Wenceslaus 1339:with Duke 1194:Wassenberg 1152:Maastricht 780:Mühlhausen 768:Nordhausen 176:1208-06-21 83:Coronation 5109:William I 5090:William I 5025:Francis I 4977:Joseph II 4972:Francis I 4952:Leopold I 4927:Rudolf II 4912:Charles V 4897:Albert II 4892:Sigismund 4848:Henry VII 4804:Conrad IV 4725:Henry III 4720:Conrad II 4652:(919–962) 4647:(911–919) 4603:(843–911) 4484:Conrad II 4462:1198–1208 4294:cite book 4178:cite book 4125:cite book 4106:ignored ( 4096:cite book 4057:cite book 1941:Lyon 2013 1724:deperdita 1463:vogelfrei 1447:Frankfurt 1425:and King 1413:Aftermath 1405:Dukes of 1161:Zähringen 1119:Weißensee 1018:elevation 987:Brunswick 983:Magdeburg 975:Christmas 842:, Bishop 784:Thuringia 748:anti-king 677:Elisabeth 667:Kunigunde 636:Pentecost 613:Matildine 573:Frankfurt 541:Constance 427:Conrad II 336:Frederick 305:Philip II 187:Franconia 140:Successor 134:Conrad II 105:Successor 50:miniature 4957:Joseph I 4932:Matthias 4853:Louis IV 4843:Albert I 4833:Rudolf I 4779:Henry VI 4730:Henry IV 4715:Henry II 4710:Otto III 4659:Conrad I 4615:Carloman 4451:Henry VI 4365:. Brill. 4042:. 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