Philip of Swabia - Knowledge (XXG)

1715:(lost documents that have been handed down in other sources, for example chronicles), including 199 documents from Philip's ten-year reign as king, of which around 2/3 are products of his court. Bernd Schütte's work, published in 2002, examined the scope of action and the ability to integrate Philip's monarchy on the basis of itinerary, award of certificates and court; he contradicted Hucker's thesis of a weak kingship of Philip of Swabia. Schütte interpreted the increase in document production from an average of 1.5 pieces per month to just over two pieces due to the transfer of Archbishop Adolph of Cologne in November 1204 as a "yardstick for the recognition of his kingship". He also found that Philip's radius of action had extended beyond the rooms of personal presence through the award of diplomas. In 2003, Peter Csendes published the first modern biography of Philip of Swabia in 130 years. On the 800th anniversary of the murder of Philip in 2008, the Society for Staufer History ( 1005:) in order to spread the reputation of Philip as a capable ruler. Philip's ability to rule as a king should be demonstrated by the rich clothing and the stately appearance of the participants in the festival. On Christmas Day the king went in a solemn procession with his splendidly dressed wife to the service under the crown. The Saxon Duke Bernard carried the king's sword in front of him and showed his support for the Hohenstaufen. The sword bearer service was not only an honorable distinction, as research has long assumed, but according to historian Gerd Althoff was also a sign of demonstrative subordination. In such event, personal ties were emphasized, because Bernard himself had intended in 1197 to fight for royal dignity. In addition, Bernard saw himself best protected against the possible expropriation of his Duchy of Saxony by the Welf through his support of the Hohenstaufen. The 1170:(formally entry to a city) had "the function of a homage, a solemn recognition of the rule of the king". In addition, numerous Welf supporters on the Lower Rhine and from Westphalia had joined the Hohenstaufen side. Philip has now been able to unite a large number of supporters in the Holy Roman Empire behind him. The basis for Philip's success against Otto's followers was “a mixture of threats, promises and gifts”. On the occasion of the renewed coronation in Aachen, the Archbishop of Cologne went to meet Philip with “the greatest display of splendor and service” in front of the walls. In this way the Archbishop publicly recognized Philip as monarch. On 6 January 1205, Philip was crowned again with great ceremony at the traditional coronation site in 1677:) under Philip of Swabia and Otto IV (1878) became the standard reference work of later historiography. With 541 closely described pages, they are the most detailed account of the Hohenstaufen to date. Winkelmann wrote about Philip that he was "attractive as a person, as a king to be counted among the best and most capable”. In 1866 Wilhelm Grotefend published his dissertation. Unlike Winkelmann and Abel, he passed a damning verdict on Philip. To him, he was regarded as a "dependent, weak personality with a smooth form and graceful appearance, but without nobility of disposition." The decisive factor for this judgment was that Philip didn't fight energetically enough for his kingship and, through the alliance with the French king, granted " 755:. He was by no means Adolph's preferred candidate, because the Archdiocese of Cologne had benefited considerably from the fall of the powerful Duke Henry the Lion. Rather, a group of financially strong citizens ran Otto's election. In exchange for his support, the Archbishop was able to reduce the high debt burden of his diocese. The hostility to the kingship of a child was growing, so Philip was chosen by Ghibellines as defender of the empire during Frederick's minority, and Otto I of Burgundy, the only living elder brother of Philip who was passed over for being considered inefficient and busy solving problems in his own fief, also supported him. He finally consented to his own election at 335:, claimed the throne for themselves. Both opponents tried in the following years through European and papal support, with the help of money and gifts, through demonstrative public appearances and rituals, to decide the conflict for oneself by raising ranks or by military and diplomatic measures. Philip was able to increasingly assert his kingship against Otto in the north part of the Alps. However, at the height of his power, he was assassinated in 1208. This ended the dispute for the throne; his opponent Otto quickly found recognition. Philip was the first German king to be murdered during his reign. In posterity, Philip is one of the little-noticed Hohenstaufen rulers. 1153:

for political reasons. The nobles tried to use the political situation to expand their regional principalities. Landgrave Hermann of Thuringia, Philip's cousin, changed sides five times between the outbreak of the controversy and the election of Frederick II in September 1211. According to historian Stefan Weinfurter, the relativization of the oath by the Pope was also essential for the breach of contract. Pope Innocent III advised the spiritual and secular princes to submit to his judgment only. With the Duke of Brabant, Philip strengthens ties in 1207 with the betrothal of his daughter Maria with

1371:, who was apparently informed of Count Otto VIII's cruel tendencies and in an act of concern for his young daughter decided to terminate the marriage agreement. Later, after an unfortunate campaign to Thuringia, Philip had betrothed his third daughter Kunigunde to Count Otto VIII in the summer of 1203 in order to make him a reliable ally in the fight against Landgrave Hermann I of Thuringia. In the following years Philip increasingly succeeded in gaining acceptance for his kingship, so the betrothal with the Wittelsbach became without purpose to him; in November 1207 the King engaged Kunigunde to 1189:) and offered the necessary consideration for the honor of the two kings. Direct negotiations in public were rather unusual at the time. However, the negotiations failed. Pope Innocent III also noticed Otto's decline in the empire and a month or two later Philip was loosed from the papal ban. In 1207/08 the Pope approached Philip and negotiations about the imperial coronation began, and also it seemed probable that a treaty was concluded by which were renewed the marriage negotiations of the nephew of the Pope with one of Philip's daughters and to receive the disputed territory of Tuscany. 1620:

strength of the German nation" were located in the Middle Ages. The kings and emperors were presented as early representatives of a strong monarchical power that was also longed for by the nationalist historians for their own time. The decisive factor for the historians' judgment was whether the medieval rulers increased the royal development of power over the nobility and the church or whether they were seen to be responsible for the loss of power. The image of history shaped by this aspect emerged after the 1806 dissolution of the HRE and the

1398:, King Philip II of France and Duke Henry I of Brabant should have been involved in this comprehensive plot; allegedly, the conspirators had planned to put the Duke of Brabant on the German throne. But Hucker's coup hypothesis did not prevail. It remains to be seen what use the French king would have had from the removal of Philip and his replacement by the Duke of Brabant. The House of Andechs, as loyal followers of Philip, who often stayed at his court and were protected by him, had no interest in his death. 1044: 1580:. His reign, which was limited to a few years, was never undisputed, and he was never crowned Holy Roman Emperor. In addition, he hadn't fought a major conflict with the Pope, in which the alleged failure of the medieval central authority could have been exemplified. In addition, his name cannot be associated with any extraordinary conception of power. Furthermore, his murder could not be instrumentalized for sectarian disputes or for the establishment of a German nation-state in the 19th century. 937:) because his father Frederick Barbarossa had fought against the Papacy for years. In contrast, Otto's ancestors were always loyal followers of the church. Otto had also sworn extensive concessions to the Holy See in the Neuss oath on 8 June 1201, assuring him that he would not strive for a union of the Holy Roman Empire with the Kingdom of Sicily. Thus, the Pope chose the Welf and excommunicated Philip and his associates. The papal judgment for Otto had no major effect in the empire. 472: 29: 807:), who traditionally performed an important ceremonial act of institution, were absent from Philip's election, and Mühlhausen was an unusual location for a king's election. For Mühlhausen, in the Hohenstaufen period up to Philip's election as king, only one single residence as a ruler can be proven. With this choice of location, Philip may have wanted to symbolically erase the humiliation that his great-uncle Conrad III suffered in autumn 1135 in Mühlhausen during his submission to 1688:

image of the selfish princes who only wanted to weaken the kingship was put into perspective by pointing out that the nobility repeatedly tried to settle the throne dispute. The newer research shifted the focus to the communication and interaction of the ruler with his great ones. Philip's actions were no longer questioned about the increase in monarchical power, but rather about the means by which he tried to enforce his kingship in the aristocratic network of relationships.

1128:, Philip held up to the Landgrave "while he was lying on the ground for so long" about his "disloyalty and stupidity". Only after the intercession of those present was he lifted from the floor and received the peace kiss from the King. Hermann had initially supported Otto, switched to Philip in 1199 and then again joined Otto in 1203/04. The Landgrave was able to retain his title and property after his submission and stayed in the Hohenstaufen side until Philip was murdered. 1307: 1489:, which was considered a memorial of the Salian-Staufen dynasty and was the most important burial place of the Roman-German kingship. By transferring there his uncle Philip's remains, Frederick II was able to gain the trust of the Hohenstaufen partisans and strengthened his position against his opponents. From the mid-13th century, the death anniversary of Philip was celebrated in Speyer in a way similar to that of the Salian Emperor 1705:, whereby the imperial princes would have lost their influence on the king. He no longer saw the regicide of Bamberg as a private vengeance, but as a “coup d'état” by important imperial elites. This hypothesis sparked controversial discussions, but did not prevail. Since 2002 the edition of the diplomas of Philip of Swabia has been prepared on behalf of the 540:). As a result, however, the relationship with the Pope deteriorated, because the Holy See wanted to maintain the feudal claim over the Kingdom of Sicily. In the spring of 1193 Philip forsook his ecclesiastical calling, perhaps because of the childlessness of the imperial couple; also, Philip's three other brothers were also without male heirs: Duke 926:), whereby they rejected any papal exertion of influence on the Imperial line of succession. At this point in time, Philip could have 4 archbishops, 23 imperial bishops, 4 imperial abbots and 18 secular imperial princes behind him; they confidently appealed to the princely majority and announced the march to Rome for the imperial coronation. 886:(Customs) when he was elected and crowned as King, Philip was able to unite the majority of the princes behind him. For the princes, property, ancestry and origins were essential for their support of Philip. Nevertheless, he knew that he had to settle the conflict with Otto and his supporters. A first attempt to mediate by Archbishop 1148:

partisanship. With the transfer of the Archbishop of Cologne to his side, Philip's documentary production also increased considerably. However, the majority of Cologne's citizens remained on the Welf's side. The support commitments of Archbishop Adolph and Henry I of Brabant were the first one documented since the Hohenstaufen-

1263:. The ducal seals for Tuscany and Swabia as well as a wax seal and a gold bull for the royal period are verifiable. This is probably due to the fact that he did not obtain the imperial crown, because it would have led to a change in title. With his awarding of charters, Philip reached considerably further north, north-west ( 946: 1178:"), the Archbishop of Cologne. With this measure Philip took the honor of the Archbishop into consideration and, by safeguarding his coronation right in Aachen, made submission to the long-fought king acceptable to him. The repetition of the coronation also cleared up the taint of his first coronation in 1198. 1383:. Philip hoped that this alliance would gain permanent support from Bohemia. For Count Otto VIII this behavior was an act of treason and also felt that his social status was threatened; he swore revenge on the German King, whom he blame for both spurned betrothals, culminating in the murder at Bamberg. 1687:

Since the 1980s, historical research on the Middle Ages has gained numerous new insights into high medieval royalty. The German royal rule in the Middle Ages was no longer perceived as a history of decline. Rather, the king and the nobility are seen as "natural main partners in the empire". The older

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dynasties appeared to be extremely powerful, since they had a predominant position in Europe. In the course of the Middle Ages, however, the emperors lost this position of power. The papacy and the princes were held responsible for this. They were considered to be the "gravedigger of the German royal

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in 1229/30. The chronicle is one of the most important sources for the history of the empire at the beginning of the 13th century. For the chronicler (who was loyal to the Hohenstaufen), Philip was of a meek and mild disposition, of affable speech, kind and quite generous, while Otto IV was not named

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on Philip's murderer and alleged accomplices, the Andechs brothers Bishop Ekbert of Bamberg and Margrave Henry II of Istria, was imposed. As a result, they lost all offices, rights and property. In addition, Otto IV's engagement to Beatrix, Philip's eldest daughter, was agreed. Philip's murderer Otto

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agreement from 1152. The double election is therefore also seen as a turning point, as it marked the beginning of written alliances in the northern Alpine empire. The number of contracts concluded also rose during the controversy for the throne. However, these written agreements were regularly broken

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is shaped like no other ruling rulers from the Hohenstaufen era by the political situation of the controversy for the throne. An almost orderly move through the empire with continuous notarial activity did not take place. Rather, a regionalization of itinerary, awarding of charters and visits to the

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and the Archbishop of Cologne was able to retain his position in the election and ordination of a King and was rewarded with 5,000 marks for sided with Philip. The growing money traffic in the High Middle Ages influenced the princes in their decisions for military support or in the question of their

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in 1077 (where he lost royal influence over the church) and the second one was the double election of 1198. The nobility used their right to vote for kings to obtain privileges from the monarchy and thus expand their own rule. This view of a loss of power for the German kingship through the double

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was seen as a historical calamity and there was a search for culpable parties in history. The historians of the 19th century were therefore interested in a strong monarchical central power and therefore looked for the reasons for the late emergence of a unified German nation state. The "sources of

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and numerous Saxon and Thuringian nobles. Contemporary sources had criticized the large expenditures on farm days as a waste, assuming a consistent modernization and more effective rulership; more recent studies, however, see the expenses of the court festival less as useless expenditure, but as a

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is that he married a woman named Hildegard (whose own parentage was disputed: she was a member of either the Comital family of Egisheim–Dagsburg or the obscure Schlettstadt family). A few years ago it was assumed that the Schlettstadt property did not belong to Hildegard but to her husband himself

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The Bamberg regicide had no major impact on the further history of the empire. Later chroniclers and annals describe the transition of the royal rule from Philip to Otto IV as smooth. However, after the experience of the dynastic dispute over in the empire, a considerable development spurt began,

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are known, of which only 12 took place within the Hohenstaufen sphere of influence. Somewhat more than 630 people can be found at Philip's court between 1198 and 1208, of whom around 100 belonged to the King's inner court, being "attested in a somewhat more noticeable density in the Hohenstaufen

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developed into a central institution of royal and princely rule. It was a “decision-making center and theater of power, consumer and entertainment center, distribution center, broker's seat for and for power, money and goods and social opportunities, for tastes, ideas and fashions of all kinds”.

1359:(1308), Philip is the only Roman-German ruler to be assassinated. No chronicler witnessed the murder. In contemporary sources there is little agreement about the course of the murder. Most medieval chroniclers saw the withdrawal of the promise of marriage as a motive for murder. Even in distant 961:

In the next few years of the controversy for the throne, the acts of representation of power were of immense importance, because in them not only the kingship was on display, but the role of the great in the respective system of rule was revealed. Philip did little to symbolically represent his

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From then on, both kings tried to win over the undecided or opponents. In order to achieve this goal, there were fewer major decisive battles, but personal bonds between rulers and greats had to be strengthened. This happened because faithful, relatives and friends were favored by gifts or the

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result of the goal of acquiring fame and honor. The Magdeburg Court Day at Christmas is considered to be the first high point in the fight for royal dignity. Some of the princes present expressed their first public support for the Hohenstaufen by participating. The chronicler of the

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Medieval kingship was exercised in an empire without a capital through outpatient rulership practice. Philip had to go through the kingdom and thereby give his rule validity and authority. The greats of the empire gathered for deliberations on the court days. For Philip's reign, 28

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and with it the recognition of their rule. The pontiff himself acted tactically before decided on one of the conflicting parties; this gave the opportunity to contact the Holy See several times through letters and embassies. Pope Innocent III wanted to prevent by all means the

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Sources identified two short-lived sons, Reinald and Frederick, also born from the union of Philip and Irene-Maria Angelina, being both buried at Lorch Abbey alongside their mother. However, there were no contemporary sources who could ascertain their existence without doubt.

1727:". His rule was viewed from a regional historical perspective. A conference also took place in Vienna in May 2008, the contributions of which were published in 2010. Based on the edition of the documents for Philip's reign, the studies reveal new possibilities for knowledge. 863:. In the controversy for the German throne, one of the rivals was only able to prevail in the long term if the other side was offered noticeable compensation. With inferior opponent a balance had to be found of him to abandon the kingship while preserving his honor easier. 1073:

In contrast to Otto, Philip was ready to honor the achievements of his loyal followers. The Hohenstaufen was able to attract high-ranking Welf supporters to his side through gifts and rewards. Rewarding the faithful was one of the most important duties of the ruler. Duke

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transfer of imperial property, or by a marriage policy that was supposed to strengthen partisanship or promote a change of party. In an aristocratic society both rivals for the German throne this had regard for the rank and reputation of the great, on their honor take.

386:, the name given to the dynasty by historians since the 15th century. The origins of the family are still unclear today; the ancestors on the paternal side were minor nobles and their names have not been preserved. All that is known about Barbarossa's great-grandfather 1070:. However, Philip did not agree with important points required by the Pope, such as carrying out a crusade, returning unlawfully confiscated goods to the Roman Church or concession to canonical elections, which was why the marriage negotiations with the Pope failed. 1363:, Philip's murder was still associated with a failed marriage project. Allegedly the Wittelsbach scion, already known for his unstable character, had fallen into a rage when he learned of the dissolution of his betrothal to Gertrude of Silesia by her father, the 1259:. Philip's Chancery was in the personal tradition of Henry VI. In other ways, too, Philip's document system does not differ from that of his Hohenstaufen predecessors. In contrast to his predecessors, his rival Otto IV and his nephew Frederick II, Philip had few 1061:

In contrast to his father Frederick Barbarossa, marriage projects with foreign royal families were out of the question for Philip; his marriage policy was exclusively related to the dispute for the German throne. In 1203 he tried to find a balance with the

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dedicated a special song to the Magdeburg Court Day of 1199, in which he honored Philip as ruler. During his short reign, Philip didn't have the opportunity to promote art or build buildings. Spiritual institutions were not particularly promoted by him.

933:, the Pope set out the reasons for and against the suitability of the respective candidates: Philip's nephew Frederick II was put aside due to his youth, and Philip himself was in the eyes of the Pope as "the son of a race of persecutors" of the church ( 1481:). In 1212 Frederick II moved to the northern part of the empire. At the turn of the year 1213/14, Frederick II's rule in the empire north of the Alps was not yet secured. In this situation, Frederick II had Philip's remains transferred from Bamberg to 3995:(in German). Regensburg: Wolfgang Schenkluhn, Andreas Waschbüsch: Der Magdeburger Dom im europäischen Kontext. Beiträge des internationalen wissenschaftlichen Kolloquiums zum 800-jährigen Domjubiläum in Magdeburg vom 1.–4. Oktober 2009. pp. 13–23. 914:, whose liege lord he was and wanted to remain) and he was also concerned about the Hohenstaufen claims to central Italy. For the pontiff, the question of obedience was a decisive factor in determining which candidate would have the papal recognition ( 921:

In the first months of 1199, the Welf party asked for confirmation of the decision and for an invitation from the Pope for Otto IV to be crowned Holy Roman Emperor. On 28 May 1199, the supporters of the Hohenstaufen drew the Speyer Prince Declaration

1390:'s careful analysis in the 19th century, research has assumed that Otto VIII of Wittelsbach acted as a lone perpetrator. In contrast, historian Bernd Ulrich Hucker made a “comprehensive conspiratorial plan” in 1998 and suspected a “coup d'état”. The 1078:

received the royal dignity in 1198 for his support. Philip rewarded Count Wilhelm II of Jülich with valuable gifts for his expressed will to win over all of Otto's important supporters for the Hohenstaufen. Otto, however, refused to give his brother

1485:. Personally, Frederick II does not seem to have come to Bamberg for the transfer of the body. Bamberg was possibly avoided by the later Hohenstaufen rulers because of Philip's murder. At Christmas 1213 Philip's mortal remains were re-interred in 699:

Philip enjoyed his brother Henry VI's confidence to a very great extent, and appears to have been designated as guardian for the king's minor son, in the event of his early death. In September 1197 Philip had set out to fetch Frederick from

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In an empire without a written constitution, a solution had to be found under the conditions of a consensual system of rule where there were competing claims. These habits were agreed upon through consultation at court meetings,

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their most outstanding representant: he was not only a military leader, but also influenced Philip's politics by arranging a personal encounter with Otto. He is mentioned in more than 30 charters and also in narrative sources.

2059: 1546:, despite being loyal to the Welf dynasty, called Philip an "ornament of virtues". Arnold portrayed Otto IV's rule through the murder of Philip as being cursed by God. The image of Philip in posterity had a major impact on 3382: 591:

as "the rose without a thorn, the dove without guile": she was among those taken prisoner by Henry VI when he invaded Sicily in 1194. In early 1195, Philip accompanied his imperial brother on his journey to Sicily and at

1430:, dying only two months after the Bamberg regicide as a result of a miscarriage. After Philip's death, Otto IV quickly prevailed against the remaining Hohenstaufen supporters, was acknowledged as German monarch at an 1699:) in 1908 or 1958. Only recently has Philip received greater attention in historical studies. In 1998, historian Bernd Ulrich Hucker characterized Philip as a "weak king" who was completely dependent on his 1538:

with the title of king until Philip was murdered. Despite great physical strength, the Welf lacked all the important virtues of rulership; for Burchard, he was “haughty and stupid, but brave and tall” (

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Historical research of the 19th and early 20th century was hampered by historians anachronistically projecting their contemporary political preferences backwards in time. Due to the contemporary

4345:(in German). Vienna: Andrea Rzihacek, Renate Spreitzer: Philipp von Schwaben. Beiträge der internationalen Tagung anlässlich seines 800. Todestages, Wien, 29. bis 30. Mai 2008. pp. 193–214. 4250:(in German). Vienna: Andrea Rzihacek, Renate Spreitzer: Philipp von Schwaben. Beiträge der internationalen Tagung anlässlich seines 800. Todestages, Wien, 29. bis 30. Mai 2008. pp. 151–161. 4184:(in German). Vienna: Andrea Rzihacek, Renate Spreitzer: Philipp von Schwaben. Beiträge der internationalen Tagung anlässlich seines 800. Todestages, Wien, 29. bis 30. Mai 2008. pp. 277–291. 4131:(in German). Vienna: Andrea Rzihacek, Renate Spreitzer: Philipp von Schwaben. Beiträge der internationalen Tagung anlässlich seines 800. Todestages, Wien, 29. bis 30. Mai 2008. pp. 129–150. 4259:(in German). Vienna: Andrea Rzihacek, Renate Spreitzer: Philipp von Schwaben. Beiträge der internationalen Tagung anlässlich seines 800. Todestages, Wien, 29. bis 30. Mai 2008. pp. 85–98. 4022:(in German). Vienna: Andrea Rzihacek, Renate Spreitzer: Philipp von Schwaben. Beiträge der internationalen Tagung anlässlich seines 800. Todestages, Wien, 29. bis 30. Mai 2008. pp. 9–24. 720:. He appears to have desired to protect the interests of his nephew and to quell the disorder which arose on Henry VI's death: On 21 January 1198, Philip issued a charter for the citizens of 552:, although already married, had no male descendants yet. However, the concerns of the imperial couple turned out to be unfounded. Empress Constance gave birth to a son on 26 December 1194 in 4268:(in German). Vienna: Andrea Rzihacek, Renate Spreitzer: Philipp von Schwaben. Beiträge der internationalen Tagung anlässlich seines 800. Todestages, Wien, 29. bis 30. Mai 2008. pp. 1–6. 5168: 441:. In 1152 the royal dignity passed smoothly to Conrad III's nephew, Frederick Barbarossa, who was also Holy Roman Emperor from 1155 onwards. Barbarossa became embroiled in a conflict with 1438:

in November 1208 and crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Innocent III the next year. For the new fully recognized German King, the most important goal was to restore order in the realm. A

1473:. The Welf lost the consensus on his rule in the part of the empire north of the Alps, and part of the princes renounced to their vow of obedience to Otto IV and chose Philip's nephew 1517:

Many chroniclers saw the divine order represented by the ruler as a result of the conflict between the two kings for the throne. Philip is described in detail in the chronicle of the

1497:, a figure carved in stone on Bamberg Cathedral around 1235, has repeatedly been referred to as Philip; so historian Hans Martin Schaller sees in him the attempt to maintain Philip's 779:, a day that was of considerable symbolic importance in the Hohenstaufen royal tradition. Otherwise there were a number of symbolic deficits: Although backed in the election by Duke 1218: 1658:” from 1950, Philip and Otto IV's government signified “a huge, if not perhaps the decisive, setback that the German monarchy suffered in its last attempt to build a state”. 1645:

power" for Protestant, nationalist German historiography. Two turning points were considered to be decisive for the central authority's loss of power: the first one, was the

827:) were in Philip's possession. His rival Otto was only elected on 9 June 1198 in Cologne by Archbishop Adolph (who had bought the votes of the absent archbishops). Only the 1324:

Since the end of May 1208, Philip had been preparing for a campaign against Otto IV and his allies. He interrupted the planning to attend the wedding of his niece Countess

866:

In the first few months after his election as king, Philip failed to issue documents and thereby assert his kingship. His first surviving royal document, issued to Bishop

1185:. This was the only time that the armies of the two kings met. After the battle, the two kings met for the first time. It took place in an atmosphere of confidentiality ( 3887:

Werra magna et dissensio nimis timenda oritur inter principes Theutonicos de imperio. Der Thronstreit zwischen Philipp von Schwaben und Otto von Braunschweig 1198–1208.

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After the protracted conflicts between the Archbishop of Cologne and Philip, order had to be restored in a demonstrative way. Philip moved into Cologne on the symbolic

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were present. Walther's description of the great splendor of Magdeburg Court festivities in a series of poems and songs called "The Saying for Christmas in Magdeburg" (

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As a child, Philip was initially prepared for an ecclesiastical career. He learned to read and also learned Latin, and was placed at the Premonstratensian Monastery in

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tried in vain to claim the royal dignity invoking his descent from the Salians. In 1138, Conrad III was finally elected King of Germany, being the first scion of the

460:, who was an important helper and confidante of Barbarossa at this time. The name of the Archbishop of Cologne was thus accepted into a royal family. For historian 4288: 4225:

Maiorov, Alexander V. (2021). "The German King Philip of Swabia, Hungarian Queen Gertrude of Andechs-Meranien, and St Elizabeth of Thuringia in Rus' Chronicles".

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Philip is considered to be the "first Roman-German ruler whose court can be shown to have courtly poetry and who himself became the subject of courtly poetry."

1032:, Philip's brother-in-law. Some historians have suggested that it was here that Alexius convinced Boniface, and later the Venetians, to divert the Crusade to 4020:

Historiker als Attentäter. Zeitgenössische Wahrnehmung, narrative Ausgestaltung und diskursive Instrumentalisierung der Ermordung König Philipps von Schwaben

1695:. For several decades no major accounts of Philip appeared. His murder in Bamberg didn't attract the interest of even the Historical Association of Bamberg ( 1719:) dedicated a volume to Philip. In the working group for regional and local history in the Association of Württemberg History and Antiquity Associations ( 5178: 5143: 5138: 4336:(in German). Göppingen: Philipp von Schwaben – Ein Staufer im Kampf um die Königsherrschaft. (Writings on Staufer History and Art 27). pp. 26–42. 4309:(in German). Ostfildern: Hubertus Seibert, Jürgen Dendorfer: Grafen, Herzöge, Könige. Der Aufstieg der Staufer und das Reich 1079–1152. pp. 1–39. 4300:(in German). Göppingen: Philipp von Schwaben – Ein Staufer im Kampf um die Königsherrschaft. (Writings on Staufer History and Art 27). pp. 43–61. 1348:, were suspected of having known about the plans. Other medieval historians expressed doubts about complicity or ignored other possible perpetrators. 1225:

joined to Philip's court. By contrast, none of the secular princes is as closely and frequently attested to at court as Bishop Konrad of Speyer. Duke

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made a draft without converting it into a painting. On 4 July 1998, Rainer Lewandowski's play “The King's Murder in Bamberg” was premiered at the

828: 816: 1283:) to assert his kingship. With the issuing of charters, Philip wanted to bind his followers more closely to himself in these areas as well. His 418:, to whom he referred several times as his ancestor in documents. After the extinction of the Salian dynasty in the male line in 1125 firstly 4149:(in German). Philipp von Schwaben – Ein Staufer im Kampf um die Königsherrschaft. (Writings on Staufer History and Art 27). pp. 122–142. 3672:

Die Reichsministerialität der Salier und Staufer. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des hochmittelalterlichen deutschen Volkes, Staates und Reiches.

3325: 3129: 2277: 2174: 2110: 1751:. Historian Andrea Rhizacek notes that "styling himself Philip II he obviously counted himself as a ruler in a line of emperors, not kings". 843:

next to his confidant, Bishop Luitpold. The hesitant behavior of Philip gave Otto the opportunity to be crowned by the rightful coronator ("

5163: 1337: 1080: 363: 316: 152: 1684:" influence over the Holy Roman Empire. In addition, he had allowed to an arrogant Pope and selfish princes to make too many concessions. 1462:

in a granary on the Danube near Regensburg and beheaded. The Andechs brothers, however, were politically rehabilitated three years later.

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Die Edition der Urkunden Philipps von Schwaben für die Diplomata-Reihe der Monumenta Germania Historica. Planung – Durchführung – Aspekte

3977:(in German). Berlin: Dieter Geuenich: Nomen et gens. Zur historischen Aussagekraft frühmittelalterlicher Personennamen. pp. 126–139. 615:, who excommunicated him. On 3 May 1196, Philip was documented for the last time as Margrave of Tuscany. After the murder of his brother 929:

At the turn of the year 1200/01, the Pope subjected the candidates for the imperial coronation to a critical examination. In the Bull

38: 4930: 4910: 4890: 4560: 4499: 1431: 1325: 1111: 882:

who crowned Philip as German King. It is uncertain whether his wife was also crowned alongside him. Despite these violations of the

839:

took part in the election of the Welf. After his election, Philip failed to make up for the coronation quickly. Rather, he moved to

792: 468:

tangible". A little later, the Archbishop of Cologne played a key role in the overthrow of the powerful Duke of Bavaria and Saxony.

4935: 4925: 4895: 4782: 4489: 1577: 1474: 1234: 788: 728: 557: 457: 379: 324: 281: 132: 4955: 4905: 4747: 1214: 1088: 808: 367: 271: 5013: 4975: 4970: 4950: 4851: 1264: 5028: 1103:

and rewarded with monetary payments. The change of the Count Palatine was decisive for a broad movement away from the Welf.

391:

and the Hohenstaufen were therefore not a Swabian but an Alsatian family. It wasn't until around 1100 that the family under

1426:) held Otto IV's supporters responsible for the murder. Philip's widow, Irene-Maria, pregnant at that time, took refuge in 5102: 4965: 4960: 4940: 4915: 4900: 4880: 4836: 4713: 4708: 3410:

Das Bistum Bamberg, Franken und das Reich in der Stauferzeit. Der Bamberger Bischof im Elitengefüge des Reiches 1138–1245.

2861:

Colloquium familiare – colloquium secretum – colloquium publicum. Beratung im politischen Leben des früheren Mittelalters.

1707: 415: 4945: 4920: 4841: 4767: 4718: 4703: 4698: 4553: 4439: 3938:

Philipp von Schwaben. Beiträge der internationalen Tagung anlässlich seines 800. Todestages, Wien, 29. bis 30. Mai 2008.

3511:

Philipp von Schwaben. Beiträge der internationalen Tagung anlässlich seines 800. Todestages, Wien, 29. bis 30. Mai 2008.

2737:

Philipp von Schwaben. Beiträge zur internationalen Tagung anlässlich seines 800. Todestages, Wien, 29. bis 30. Mai 2008.

1666: 1650: 1490: 1411: 1356: 1345: 541: 528:, though without being consecrated, probably due to intervention of his brother Henry VI. In 1186 Henry VI married with 419: 411: 353: 308: 87: 3028:

Hanc paginam sigillo nostro iussimus communiri. Siegel und Besiegelungspraxis der Urkunden König Philipps von Schwaben.

1572:

In modern times, little was remembered of Philip of Swabia. He fell significantly behind the other Hohenstaufen rulers

1043: 4777: 4742: 4693: 4462: 4454: 3213:

Philipp von Schwaben. Beiträge der internationalen Tagung anläßlich seines 800. Todestages, Wien 29. bis 30. Mai 2008.

1066:

through a marriage project, in which Philip wanted to arranged the betrothal of one of his daughters with a nephew of

780: 740: 639: 392: 349: 332: 97: 1290:

court can be identified, which historian Bernd Schütte interpreted as a “withdrawal of the royal central authority”.

675:

Daughter (posthumously born and died 20/27 August 1208). She and her mother died following childbirth complications.

5069: 4985: 4868: 4857: 4383: 1547: 1294: 1256: 1222: 1049: 998: 859:, or other gatherings. The consensus thus established was the most important process for establishing order in the 588: 529: 445:. It was not until 1177 that the long standing conflict of the Emperor with the Pope and the Italian cities of the 1091:

in the spring of 1204. Henry then went over to the Hohenstaufen side. For his change of loyalty, not only was the

5173: 5097: 5078: 5059: 4826: 4472: 1312: 1226: 1154: 983: 655: 649: 616: 549: 545: 485: 241: 122: 5153: 5037: 4863: 1230: 1132: 1054: 724:, in which he indicated that he was acting in the name of King Frederick; however, he was overtaken by events. 669: 480: 4529: 3032: 2733:

Politischer Pragmatismus – Opportunismus – Treue? Zeugenkontinuität von Philipp von Schwaben bis Friedrich II.

1493:. Philip is the last Roman-German king who is listed in both medieval dead books of the Speyer Cathedral. The 525: 3964:

Alemparte, Jaime Ferreiro (1986). "Acercamiento Mutuo de Espana y Alemania". In Martín, Antonio Pérez (ed.).

1721:

Arbeitskreis für Landes- und Ortsgeschichte im Verband der württembergischen Geschichts- und Altertumsvereine

1418:. His rival Otto IV let the assassins be persecuted relentlessly and wanted to prove his innocence. Only the 1028:. Although Boniface's exact reasons for meeting with Philip are unknown, while at Philip's court he also met 564:

at the end of 1196; with this move, Henry VI wanted to see his succession secured before he prepared for the

536:; this gave the Hohenstaufen the possibility of a union of the Kingdom of Sicily with the Holy Roman Empire ( 5183: 4658: 4576: 2102:

Die deutschen Herrscher des Mittelalters: historische Portraits von Heinrich I. bis Maximilian I. (919–1519)

1621: 1596: 1372: 1336:. After the marriage, the King retired to his private apartments. In the afternoon he was murdered by Count 1329: 1107: 1010: 659: 560:. While the Emperor was absent, the princes elected his two-year-old son Frederick as King of the Romans in 4013:(in German). Darmstadt: Michael Sommer: Politische Morde. Vom Altertum bis zur Gegenwart. pp. 117–126. 1237:

probably had the most intensive contact within the court. They had profited significantly from the fall of

5018: 4787: 4377: 1592: 1534: 1157:, heir of the Duchy of Brabant. As a result, Henry I should be closely tied to the Hohenstaufen monarchy. 1021: 879: 4327:(in German). Stuttgart: (Gebhardt: Handbuch der deutschen Geschichte 6) 10th, completely revised edition. 3921:

Der Tod Philipps von Schwaben und die Folgen. Zu einem bisher unbekannten Annalenfragment aus St. Gallen.

918:). In contrast to Otto, Philip expressed himself much more cautiously towards the Pope on this question. 5158: 4804: 4752: 4724: 3904:

König Philipp und Pfalzgraf Rudolf von Tübingen. Zu einem Helfer im Thronstreit und verwandten Dynasten.

1502: 1415: 950: 887: 796: 756: 694: 423: 383: 328: 297: 2708:

Amicus amicis – inimicus inimicis. Politische Freundschaft und fürstliche Netzwerke im 13. Jahrhundert.

1149: 975: 387: 2166:

Die Doppelwahl von 1198 und seine diversen Wahlgänge: Philipp von Schwaben gegen Otto von Braunschweig

471: 28: 5133: 5128: 5050: 5004: 4885: 4815: 4792: 4762: 1678: 1629: 1573: 1506: 1317: 1092: 1075: 784: 752: 533: 3688: 949:

Philip of Swabia. Chronica Sancti Pantaleonis, Köln, Kloster St. Pantaleon, ca. 1237. Wolfenbüttel,

623:. The marriage of Philip and Irene Angelina (renamed Maria upon her wedding) probably took place at 4831: 4821: 4809: 4647: 4618: 4603: 4589: 4506: 1543: 1522: 1427: 1368: 1352: 1306: 1165: 1125: 1037: 1014: 1006: 871: 804: 800: 665: 608: 597: 584: 407: 246: 4182:

Verfahren der Konfliktlösung in Thronstreitigkeiten. Deutschland, Dänemark und Ungarn im Vergleich

456:

The Hohenstaufen had never used the name Philip before. The prince was named after the Archbishop

4846: 4737: 4674: 4638: 4282: 4166: 4113: 4084: 4045: 1743:

Although never crowned emperor, Philip generally added an ordinal number to his name, making him

1518: 1210: 894: 832: 772: 717: 635: 612: 601: 497: 442: 434: 375: 231: 179: 175: 55: 4140:(in German). Mainz: Die Andechs-Meranier in Franken. Europäisches Fürstentum im Hochmittelalter. 4679: 4608: 4066: 3321: 3125: 3119: 2273: 2170: 2106: 2100: 1670: 1466: 1407: 1391: 1387: 1341: 1280: 1121: 1067: 911: 907: 898: 501: 431: 312: 223: 4191:

Die Thronstreitpolitik Adolfs I. von Altena im Spannungsfeld von 'Recht' und Rechtsmentalität

3993:

Die Kathedrale als Begegnungsort von Religion und Politik: Das Beispiel des Magdeburger Domes

2267: 4874: 4652: 4598: 4234: 3490:

Der deutsche Thronstreit und Europa 1198–1218. Philipp von Schwaben, Otto IV., Friedrich II.

1692: 1633: 1584: 1530: 1494: 1486: 1395: 979: 812: 580: 572: 505: 450: 190: 34: 1611:, nationalist Protestant historians viewed the Catholic church or anything that smacked of 4731: 4623: 4613: 4446: 4096: 1748: 1646: 1498: 1470: 1459: 1364: 1248: 875: 867: 824: 744: 732: 645: 565: 427: 371: 301: 236: 51: 42: 851:, which had to be captured before against the resistance of loyal Hohenstaufen liensmen. 4151: 3651:

Wahlkönigtum, Territorialpolitik und Ostbewegung im 13. und 14. Jahrhundert (1198–1378).

1997: 870:, dated from Worms on 27 June 1198. Two days later, Philip forged an alliance with King 402:

Much more important for the Hohenstaufen family was the prestigious connection with the

4757: 4688: 4664: 4479: 1637: 1616: 1612: 1588: 1561: 1556: 1238: 1033: 1025: 840: 836: 820: 776: 748: 620: 576: 476: 465: 464:, this demonstrative honor makes "Barbarossa's preparations for the confrontation with 446: 403: 203: 104: 2391:

Die Staufer und Italien. Drei Innovationsregionen im mittelalterlichen Europa. Essays.

5122: 5088: 3378:

Fidelis et dilectus noster. Kaiser Otto IV. und der Südosten des Reiches (1198–1212).

1896:(Writings on Hohenstaufen history and art 27) Göppingen 2008, pp. 62–121 (in German). 1701: 1260: 1243: 768: 760: 731:

hostile to the ruling Hohenstaufen dynasty under the leadership of Prince-Archbishop

709: 521: 509: 438: 2903:

Von Ort zu Ort. Aufgaben und Ergebnisse der Erforschung ambulanter Herrschaftspraxis

1691:

In contrast to other Staufers, Philip remained a neglected ruler for a long time in

4633: 4584: 4410: 3625:

Reich, Regionen und Europa in Mittelalter und Neuzeit. Festschrift für Peter Moraw.

3592:

Vom ‚heiligen Buch‘ zur ‚Buchführung‘. Lebensfunktionen der Schrift im Mittelalter.

3587: 1641: 1445: 1310:

Count Palatine Otto VIII of Wittelsbach kills Philip of Swabia. Miniature from the

1084: 1036:

and restore Isaac II to the throne, as he had recently been deposed by his brother

878:

on 8 September 1198, it wasn't the Archbishop of Cologne, as usual, but Archbishop

461: 396: 261: 4376: 3449:(in German) In: Bernd Schneidmüller, Stefan Weinfurter, Alfried Wieczorek (ed.): 3315: 2164: 1822:

2005, pp. 99–133 (in German). Rejecting the Alsacian origin: Eduard Hlawitschka,

4798: 4198:

Kroonen, Guus; Langbroek, Erika; Quak, Arend; Roeleveld, Annelies, eds. (2014).

3756: 3741:

Das hochmittelalterliche Königtum. Akzente einer unabgeschlossenen Neubewertung.

3477:

Metropolis Germaniae. Studien zur Bedeutung Speyers für das Königtum (751–1250).

2062:

however, the primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified.

1608: 1440: 1423: 1340:. After the murder, Count Otto VIII was able to flee with his followers. Bishop 1285: 1198: 1161: 860: 759:. On 6 March 1198, in front of the ecclesiastical and secular greats present in 4396: 4129:

Ehre als Handlungsmotiv in Herrschaftspraxis und Urkunden Philipps von Schwaben

4060: 1241:

and feared that his son Otto IV would gain access to the Welf inheritance. The

414:. Philip's father saw himself as a direct descendant of the first Salian ruler 5107: 4391: 4316:

Friedrich II:Teil 1 Die Konigscheffschaft in Sizilien un Deutschland 1194–1220

4070: 1819: 1182: 1140: 1029: 71: 45:, ca. 1250. Kantonsbibliothek St. Gallen (Vadiana Collection, Ms. 321, p. 40.) 4209:

Princely Brothers and Sisters: The Sibling Bond in German Politics, 1100–1250

4159:

Vermitteln und Versöhnen. Konfliktregelung im deutschen Thronstreit 1198–1208

3562:(in German) In: Bernd Ulrich Hucker, Stefanie Hahn, Hans-Jürgen Derda (ed.): 1654:

election of 1198 has long remained the predominant one. In Karl Bosl's work “

3763:(in German) In: Cordula Nolte, Karl-Heinz Spieß, Ralf-Gunnar Werlich (ed.): 1451: 1435: 992: 971: 963: 736: 624: 605: 561: 4238: 3121:

Famous Assassinations in World History: An Encyclopedia [2 volumes]

1550:, who referred to him in an honorable short form as "young and brave man". 1661:

The historical study of Philip of Swabia began in 1852 with the monograph

4994: 2254:

Selig sind, die Verfolgung ausüben. Päpste und Gewalt im Hochmittelalter.

1824:

Die Staufer: kein schwäbisches, sondern ein elsässisches Adelsgeschlecht?

1816:

Grafen, Herzöge, Könige. Der Aufstieg der Staufer und das Reich 1079–1152

1625: 1469:

when he tried to conquer the Kingdom of Sicily in 1210, which led to his

1380: 1360: 1144: 1114:

humbly submitted to the Hohenstaufen. It is the only case of submission (

1063: 628: 517: 513: 493: 3716:

Zur Charakteristik Philipps von Schwaben und Ottos IV. von Braunschweig.

3317:

Der Mord an König Philipp von Schwaben - Privatrache oder Staatsstreich?

2389:

In: Alfried Wieczorek, Bernd Schneidmüller and Stefan Weinfurter (ed.):

366:

as the tenth child and eighth (but fifth and youngest surviving) son of

311:, in 1197 meant that the Hohenstaufen rule (which reached as far as the 3876:(in German) In: Writings on Staufer History and Art 27, Göppingen 2008. 3209:

Das Königtum Philipps von Schwaben im Spiegel zeitgenössischer Quellen.

2387:

Die erste Hühnerfarm zu Mainz – zur Ökonomie und Logistik der Hoffeste.

1333: 1272: 1268: 1136: 1116: 945: 931:

Deliberatio domni pape Innocentii super facto imperii de tribus electis

847:") Adolph of Cologne on 12 July 1198 at the traditional royal place in 713: 256: 171: 4545: 4029:

Western Travellers to Constantinople: The West and Byzantium, 962–1204

1810:

In favor of the Alsacian origin of the Hohenstaufen: Daniel Ziemann,

1540:

superbus et stultus, sed fortis videbatur viribus et statura procerus

1482: 1204: 1171: 1100: 848: 721: 705: 701: 593: 3874:

Philipp von Schwaben – Ein Staufer im Kampf um die Königsherrschaft.

3399:(in German) Munich 2010, p. 74 (with further sources and reference). 1894:

Philipp von Schwaben – Ein Staufer im Kampf um die Königsherrschaft.

1013:, who was canonized by the Pope in 1200, was solemnly celebrated in 638:(April/June 1198 – 11 August 1212), who married her father's rival, 2370:

Curiam celebrare. König Philipps Hoftag zu Magdeburg im Jahre 1199.

1632:. From this point of view, the German kings and emperors under the 548:, who succeeded him as Duke of Swabia, was unmarried. In addition, 496:

for his further education. From April 1189 to July 1193 Philip was

3397:

Friedrich II. Der Sizilianer auf dem Kaiserthron. Eine Biographie.

3383:

Mitteilungen des Instituts für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung

1725:

Philipp von Schwaben († 1208) and the rule in the German southwest

1305: 1276: 1042: 944: 856: 763:, he declared his willingness to be elected king. Two days later ( 470: 359: 148: 77: 3621:

Das Mittelalterbild der Deutschen vor und nach 1945. Eine Skizze.

1711:. The edition published in 2014 has a total of 216 documents and 1181:

On 27 July 1206, Philip defeated a Cologne army loyal to Otto in

1501:. But the figure was also mistaken for either the Roman Emperor 553: 320: 4549: 4193:(in German). Frühmittelalterliche Studien 39. pp. 151–175. 3986:(in German). Frühmittelalterliche Studien 43. pp. 199–214. 4266:

Zur Eröffnung: Philipp von Schwaben im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert

3984:

Otto IV. – Woran scheiterte der welfische Traum vom Kaisertum?

3638:

Canossa als Wende. Ausgewählte Aufsätze zur neueren Forschung.

1095:

restored to him by Philip, but he was also enfeoffed with the

3272: 3270: 3105: 4275:

König Philipp von Schwaben. Itinerar – Urkundenvergabe – Hof

3464:

Kaiser Friedrich II. (1194–1250). Herrscher, Mensch, Mythos.

1583:

Representations of the Bamberg regicide are rarely found in

658:(February/March 1202 – 13 September 1248), who married King 327:, led to two royal elections in 1198, which resulted in the 323:. Reservations about the kingship of Henry's underage son, 4392:

Philip of Swabia; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition

3560:

Otto IV. in der Geschichtsschreibung des 13. Jahrhunderts.

3143: 3141: 2330:

Regestum Innocentii III papae super negotio Romani imperii

2306:

Regestum Innocentii III papae super negotio Romani imperii

1794: 1792: 611:. Philip's rule in Tuscany there earned him the enmity of 475:

Frederick Barbarossa with his sons Henry and Philip, from

4138:

Der Königsmord von 1208 – Privatrache oder Staatsstreich?

3509:(in German) In: Andrea Rzihacek, Renate Spreitzer (ed.): 3211:(in German) In: Andrea Rzihacek, Renate Spreitzer (ed.): 2735:(in German) In: Andrea Rzihacek, Renate Spreitzer (ed.): 2308:, edited by Friedrich Kempf, Rome 1947, N° 29, pp. 74–91. 2188: 2186: 2026: 2024: 648:(1199/1200 – 29 March 1235), who married the future Duke 642:

on 22 July 1212 and died three weeks later without issue.

3862:

Philipp von Schwaben. Ein Staufer im Kampf um die Macht.

2613: 2611: 2340: 2338: 2082: 2080: 2011: 2009: 1979:

Philipp von Schwaben. Ein Staufer im Kampf um die Macht.

1554:

which led to a rethink in writing down the customs. The

1525:. Burchard wrote a continuation of the World Chronicle ( 4307:

Die frühen Staufer – Forschungsbilanz und offene Fragen

4038:

Philipp von Schwaben. Ein Staufer im Kampf um die Macht

2807: 2805: 2586: 2584: 1131:

In November 1204 Archbishop Adolph of Cologne and Duke

3264:(in German) 2 vol., Leipzig 1873–1878, vol. 1, p. 466. 1124:

provide detailed information. According to chronicler

3761:

Fürsten am spätmittelalterlichen deutschen Königshof.

2440:

Les services symboliques entre dignité et contrainte.

2332:, edited by Friedrich Kempf, Rome 1947, N° 29, p. 83. 1723:), the spring meeting on 25 April 2008 was entitled " 962:

kingship. In 1199, Philip and Irene-Maria celebrated

668:(March/May 1205 – 5 November 1235), who married King 631:. Five daughters were certainly born from the union: 4387:. Vol. XVIII (9th ed.). 1885. p. 746. 4352:

Vladislaus Henry: The Formation of Moravian Identity

3765:

Principes. Dynastien und Höfe im späten Mittelalter.

2907:

Orte der Herrschaft. Mittelalterliche Königspfalzen.

1375:, son and heir of King Ottokar I of Bohemia, on the 5087: 5068: 5049: 5027: 5003: 4984: 4673: 4632: 4583: 3685:

Philipp von Schwaben und Otto IV. von Braunschweig.

3494:

Krönungen. Könige in Aachen. Geschichte und Mythos.

3262:

Philipp von Schwaben und Otto IV. von Braunschweig.

1669:, who made no secret of his sympathies for Philip. 277: 267: 255: 222: 197: 185: 158: 142: 138: 128: 118: 110: 103: 93: 83: 70: 62: 50: 21: 1999:Philipp von Schwaben und Otto IV. von Braunschweig 520:the next year. In 1190 or 1191 Philip was elected 3925:Zeitschrift für Württembergische Landesgeschichte 3908:Zeitschrift für Württembergische Landesgeschichte 3891:Zeitschrift für Württembergische Landesgeschichte 1991: 1989: 1987: 1828:Zeitschrift für Württembergische Landesgeschichte 1465:However, Otto IV soon entered into conflict with 5169:13th-century nobility from the Holy Roman Empire 4318:(in German). Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. 2890:Die ritterlich-höfische Kultur des Mittelalters. 2710:(in German) Stuttgart 2000, pp. 29, 40, 297–308. 1316:, Northern Germany, early 14th century, Berlin, 2099:Bernd Schneidmüller; Stefan Weinfurter (2003). 1812:Die Staufer – Ein elsässisches Adelsgeschlecht? 1020:Also in 1201, Philip was visited by his cousin 319:and created a power vacuum to the north of the 3657:, vol. 1, Stuttgart 1970, pp. 427–607, § 128: 3447:Die Grablegen der Staufer als Erinnerungsorte. 3081: 2269:Heinrich von Braunschweig, Pfalzgraf bei Rhein 1814:In: Hubertus Seibert, Jürgen Dendorfer (ed.): 331:: the two elected kings, Philip of Swabia and 4561: 3513:, Vienna 2010, p. 97 (with further evidence). 2679:Geld, Politik und Moral im hohen Mittelalter. 1255:The most important part of the court was the 716:on 28 September 1197 and returned at once to 575:, in April 1195 Henry VI betrothed Philip to 437:, against the fierce resistance of the rival 292:(February/March 1177 – 21 June 1208), styled 8: 4397:Philip (of Swabia) – Encyclopædia Britannica 4200:Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik 4062:Aspekte der Biographie Philipps von Schwaben 2393:(in German) Darmstadt/Mannheim 2010, p. 281. 991:of the Bishops of Halberstadt and the poet ( 704:for his coronation as King of the Romans in 3623:(in German) In: Paul-Joachim Heinig (ed.): 3547:Burchardi praepositi Urspergensis chronicon 3292:(in German) Frankfurt am Main 2003, p. 158. 2058:in some articles and genealogical websites; 422:(Barbarossa's father) and then his brother 4568: 4554: 4546: 4401: 4287:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4171:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4147:Der Bamberger Mord 1208 – ein Königsdrama? 4118:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4050:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2748: 2719: 1591:made a drawing of the murder in 1890, and 1017:on 9 September 1201 in Philip's presence. 18: 3975:Namengebung und adliges Selbstverständnis 3966:España y Europa, un pasado jurídico común 3936:Andrea Rzihacek, Renate Spreitzer (ed.): 3788: 3727: 3702: 3674:(in German), Stuttgart 1950/1951, p. 629. 2256:(in German). Darmstadt 2013, pp. 201–209. 1798: 1509:, or Emperors Henry II and Frederick II. 1444:was established for this purpose and the 893:Both sides strived for the coronation as 743:, the second surviving son of the former 712:, he heard of Henry VI's sudden death in 406:. Frederick Barbarossa's grandmother was 4334:Verträge und politisches Handeln um 1200 3800: 3507:Philipp von Schwaben in höfischer Sicht. 3466:(in German) Stuttgart 2008, pp. 35, 154. 3248: 3014: 3002: 2694: 2665: 2240: 1941: 1917: 1351:For the first time since the end of the 627:(25 May) 1197 in the Gunzenle hill near 619:in August 1196, Philip succeeded him as 508:, while his father left Germany for the 4257:Philipp von Schwaben in höfischer Sicht 3848: 3836: 3824: 3812: 3564:Otto IV. Traum vom welfischen Kaisertum 3534: 3522: 3421: 3301: 3147: 3093: 3069: 3057: 3045: 2990: 2978: 2966: 2954: 2942: 2930: 2918: 2629: 2617: 2539: 2515: 2503: 2455: 2426: 2414: 2228: 2216: 2192: 2150: 2138: 2086: 2071: 2042: 2030: 1965: 1953: 1890:Philipp, Adelberg und der Hohenstaufen. 1863: 1851: 1839: 1771: 1764: 1736: 604:lands; in his retinue in Italy was the 4280: 4164: 4111: 4092: 4082: 4043: 3691:König Philipp von Schwaben. 1197–1208. 3607: 3575: 3433: 3364: 3352: 3276: 3236: 3224: 3195: 3183: 3171: 2905:(in German). In: Caspar Ehlers (ed.): 2847: 2823: 2811: 2796: 2760: 2653: 2641: 2590: 2575: 2491: 2479: 2467: 2402: 2374:Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaft 2356: 2344: 2015: 1981:Darmstadt 2003, pp. 36–38 (in German). 1905: 1877:Friedrich Barbarossa: Eine Biographie. 1783: 1717:Gesellschaft für staufische Geschichte 1449:VIII of Wittelsbach (now condemned as 3776: 3340: 3159: 2876: 2835: 2784: 2772: 2563: 2527: 2317: 2204: 795:, all the three Rhenish Archbishops ( 296:in his charters, was a member of the 7: 4227:Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas 3314:Robin Füchtner (18 September 2006). 3290:Otto IV. Der wiederentdeckte Kaiser. 2444:Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 2376:12 (in German), 1999, pp. 1061–1075. 1929: 767:) Philip was elected German King at 735:took the occasion to elect a German 652:before 22 August 1215 and had issue. 382:. His paternal family was the noble 307:The death of Philip's older brother 4298:Der Hof König Philipps von Schwaben 4218:The Concise History of the Crusades 3492:(in German) In: Mario Kramp (ed.): 3479:(in German) Göttingen 1996, p. 182. 3026:Andrea Rzihacek, Renate Spreitzer: 2438:Gerd Althoff, Christiane Witthöft: 2272:. Georg Olms Verlag. pp. 61–. 1675:Jahrbücher der Deutschen Geschichte 1564:is an important testimony to this. 1040:, Alexius and Irene-Maria's uncle. 304:from 1198 until his assassination. 3687:(in German) 2 vol., Leipzig 1873, 3655:Handbuch der deutschen Geschichte. 1355:a king had been murdered. Besides 1135:also switched to Philip's side in 890:in 1199 was rejected by the Welf. 672:on 30 November 1219 and had issue. 571:To improve relationships with the 550:Otto I, Count Palatine of Burgundy 14: 3412:(in German) Bamberg 2006, p. 229. 2294:Die Staufer. Herrscher und Reich. 1996:Eduard August Winkelmann (1873). 1879:(in German), Munich 2011, p. 206. 5179:Children of Frederick Barbarossa 5144:13th-century Kings of the Romans 5139:12th-century Kings of the Romans 4202:. Vol. 72. Editions Rodopi. 4106:Die Staufer. Herrscher und Reich 3957:Frederick II: A Medieval Emperor 3451:Verwandlungen des Stauferreichs. 2296:(in German). Munich 2006, p. 82. 1830:66, 2007, pp. 63–79 (in German). 1673:'s Yearbooks of German History ( 1320:, Ms. germ. fol. 129, fol. 117v. 1110:on 17 September 1204, Landgrave 1003:Spruch zur Magdeburger Weihnacht 729:Princes of the Holy Roman Empire 558:Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor 532:, the aunt of the reigning King 380:Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy 282:Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy 27: 4002:Pope Gregory X and the Crusades 3718:(in German), Trier 1886, p. 22. 2892:(in German) Munich 1994, p. 66. 1615:extremely negatively. Likewise 1406:Philip was initially buried in 1139:. The Duke of Brabant received 512:in 1189, but he drowned in the 272:Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor 212: 5149:13th-century murdered monarchs 4255:Scheibelreiter, Georg (2010). 4027:Ciggaar, Krijna Nelly (1996). 1747:, as it were the successor of 1410:, the burial place of Emperor 974:—close to Otto's residence in 587:, a lady who was described by 395:located into the East Swabian 1: 4136:Hucker, Bernd Ulrich (1998). 2266:Lothar von Heinemann (1882). 1708:Monumenta Germaniae Historica 1663:König Philipp der Hohenstaufe 1455:) was found in March 1209 by 775:. The election took place on 583:and the widow of junior King 544:had already died in 1191 and 114:15 August 1196 – 21 June 1208 16:King of Germany (1198 to 1208 3864:(in German), Darmstadt 2003. 3745:Frühmittelalterliche Studien 3640:(in German), Darmstadt 1969. 3596:Frühmittelalterliche Studien 2865:Frühmittelalterliche Studien 2683:Frühmittelalterliche Studien 2105:. C.H. Beck. pp. 272–. 1667:Heinrich Friedrich Otto Abel 1093:County Palatine of the Rhine 1009:of the bones of the Empress 420:Frederick II, Duke of Swabia 412:Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor 354:Kings of Germany family tree 309:Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor 5164:Burials at Speyer Cathedral 4361:Henryk Brodaty i jego czasy 4359:Zientara, Benedykt (1997). 4332:Weinfurter, Stefan (2008). 4220:. Rowman & Littlefield. 4211:. Cornell University Press. 4011:Philipp von Schwaben (1208) 4000:Baldwin, Philip B. (2014). 3627:, Berlin 2000, pp. 731–749. 3124:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 420–. 1697:Historischer Verein Bamberg 1628:and was heavily colored by 1174:by the correct coronator (" 953:, Cod. Guelf. 74.3 Aug. 2°. 430:Hohenstaufen dynasty to be 358:Philip was born in or near 350:Dukes of Swabia family tree 247:Elisabeth, Queen of Castile 242:Kunigunde, Queen of Bohemia 232:Beatrix, Holy Roman Empress 66:8 March 1198 – 21 June 1208 5200: 5070:North German Confederation 4986:Confederation of the Rhine 4325:13. Jahrhundert. 1198–1273 4323:Stürner, Wolfgang (2007). 4314:Stürner, Wolfgang (1992). 4305:Seibert, Hubertus (2005). 4264:Schieffer, Rudolf (2010). 4216:Madden, Thomas F. (2014). 4207:Lyon, Jonathan R. (2013). 3959:. Oxford University Press. 3659:Die Wende des Mittelalters 3653:(in German) In: Gebhardt: 3566:. Petersberg 2009, p. 303. 2909:Göttingen 2002, pp. 11–23. 1548:Walther von der Vogelweide 1344:and his brother, Margrave 1295:Walther von der Vogelweide 1197:From the 12th century the 1053:(13th century), Brussels, 1050:Chronica regia Coloniensis 999:Walther von der Vogelweide 966:with tremendous splendor ( 906:(the reunification of the 739:in the person of the Welf 692: 589:Walther von der Vogelweide 488:, Codex 120 II, fol. 143r. 393:Duke Frederick I of Swabia 347: 33:Philip of Swabia with the 4536: 4530:Prince-Bishop of Würzburg 4527: 4521: 4513: 4504: 4496: 4486: 4477: 4469: 4459: 4444: 4436: 4431: 4404: 4246:Rzihacek, Andrea (2010). 4189:Kottmann, Katrin (2005). 4065:(in German). p. 80. 3968:(in Spanish). Cometa S.A. 3940:(in German), Vienna 2010. 3919:Hansmartin Schwarzmaier: 2603:Arnoldi Chronica Slavorum 2552:Arnoldi Chronica Slavorum 1656:Die Reichsministerialität 968:cum ingenti magnificentia 924:Speyerer Fürstenerklärung 600:, receiving the disputed 486:Burgerbibliothek of Berne 449:could be resolved in the 26: 5038:Archduke John of Austria 4524:Gottfried of Spitzenberg 4378:"Philip of Swabia" 4018:Bihrer, Andreas (2010). 4009:Bihrer, Andreas (2005). 3955:Abulafia, David (1988). 3767:, Stuttgart 2002, p. 20. 2446:58, 2003, pp. 1293–1318. 2129:Hanover 1990, pp. 25–35. 2002:. Duncker & Humblot. 1338:Otto VIII of Wittelsbach 1055:Royal Library of Belgium 978:—in the presence of the 689:Outbreak of the conflict 670:Ferdinand III of Castile 579:, a daughter of Emperor 481:Liber ad honorem Augusti 4384:Encyclopædia Britannica 4350:Wihoda, Martin (2015). 4341:Weller, Tobias (2010). 4296:Schütte, Bernd (2008). 4273:Schütte, Bernd (2002). 4180:Krieb, Steffen (2010). 4157:Krieb, Steffen (2000). 4059:Csendes, Peter (2010). 4040:(in German). Darmstadt. 4036:Csendes, Peter (2003). 3118:Michael Newton (2014). 1597:E.T.A.-Hoffmann-Theater 1326:Beatrice II of Burgundy 1219:Konrad IV of Regensburg 1011:Cunigunde of Luxembourg 789:Berthold V of Zähringen 727:Meanwhile, a number of 684:Struggle for the throne 660:Wenceslaus I of Bohemia 4239:10.25162/jgo-2021-0007 3991:Althoff, Gerd (2012). 3982:Althoff, Gerd (2009). 3973:Althoff, Gerd (1997). 3505:Georg Scheibelreiter: 3488:Hans Martin Schaller: 3453:Darmstadt 2010, p. 29. 3036:53, 2007, pp. 175–203. 2867:24, 1990, pp. 145–167. 2470:, p. 132 and 140. 2163:Duranöz Özlem (2009). 1593:Karl Friedrich Lessing 1535:Frutolf of Michelsberg 1321: 1313:Sächsische Weltchronik 1235:Theodoric I of Meissen 1058: 1022:Boniface of Montferrat 954: 904:unio regni ad imperium 880:Aymon II of Tarentaise 793:Hermann I of Thuringia 662:in 1224 and had issue. 542:Frederick VI of Swabia 538:unio regni ad imperium 489: 169:21 June 1208 (aged 31) 4411:House of Hohenstaufen 4277:(in German). Hanover. 4127:Görich, Knut (2010). 4104:Görich, Knut (2006). 3636:Hellmut Kämpf (ed.): 3288:Bernd Ulrich Hucker: 3033:Archiv für Diplomatik 2125:Bernd Ulrich Hucker: 1503:Constantine the Great 1309: 1209:circle". The Bishops 1057:, Ms. 467, fol. 138r. 1046: 951:Herzog August Library 948: 941:Consolidation of rule 781:Leopold VI of Austria 751:and a nephew of King 695:German throne dispute 474: 384:House of Hohenstaufen 348:Further information: 329:German throne dispute 298:House of Hohenstaufen 5051:German Confederation 5005:German Confederation 4108:(in German). Munich. 4004:. The Boydell Press. 3927:69, 2010, pp. 71–90. 3910:69, 2010, pp. 37–70. 3893:69, 2010, pp. 17–36. 3747:45, 2011, pp. 77–98. 3215:Vienna 2010, p. 120. 2739:Vienna 2010, p. 216. 1630:romantic nationalism 1574:Frederick Barbarossa 1527:Chronicon universale 1507:Stephen I of Hungary 1477:as a rival emperor ( 1357:Albert I of Habsburg 1318:Berlin State Library 1215:Hartwig of Eichstätt 1211:Konrad of Hildesheim 1187:colloquium familiare 1120:) through which the 1112:Hermann of Thuringia 1106:During the siege of 1076:Ottokar I of Bohemia 1024:, the leader of the 785:Ottokar I of Bohemia 753:Richard I of England 546:Conrad of Rothenburg 534:William II of Sicily 378:and his second wife 368:Frederick Barbarossa 41:in the Chronicle of 4590:Carolingian dynasty 4577:Monarchs of Germany 4507:Margrave of Tuscany 4363:. Wydawnictwo TRIO. 4343:Dynastische Politik 4145:Keupp, Jan (2008). 3803:, pp. 151–161. 3714:Wilhelm Grotefend: 3683:Eduard Winkelmann: 3649:Herbert Grundmann: 3598:26, 1992, pp. 1–31. 3496:Mainz 2000, p. 402. 3343:, pp. 122–142. 3279:, pp. 111–127. 3260:Eduard Winkelmann: 3251:, pp. 169–171. 3106:Kroonen et al. 2014 3082:Scheibelreiter 2010 2888:Werner Paravicini: 2207:, pp. 277–291. 1603:Historical research 1523:Burchard of Ursperg 1513:Medieval judgements 1428:Hohenstaufen Castle 1420:Annales Pegaviensis 1369:Henry I the Bearded 1353:Merovingian dynasty 1015:Magdeburg Cathedral 872:Philip II of France 829:Bishop of Paderborn 708:. While staying in 650:Henry II of Brabant 609:Bernger von Horheim 598:Margrave of Tuscany 585:Roger III of Sicily 146:February/March 1177 4675:Kingdom of Germany 4639:Kingdom of Germany 4161:(in German). Köln. 3376:Hubertus Seibert: 3060:, p. 33, 244. 2901:Rudolf Schieffer: 2731:Christian Friedl: 1745:Philippus Secundus 1622:Wars of Liberation 1568:Artistic reception 1542:). The chronicler 1422:(chronicle of the 1346:Henry II of Istria 1322: 1275:) and south-west ( 1231:Louis I of Bavaria 1227:Bernhard of Saxony 1133:Henry I of Brabant 1122:historical sources 1089:Lichtenberg Castle 1059: 1047:Philip of Swabia. 955: 935:genus persecutorum 895:Holy Roman Emperor 833:Thietmar of Minden 613:Pope Celestine III 516:(Saleph) River in 490: 443:Pope Alexander III 435:King of the Romans 388:Frederick of Büren 376:Holy Roman Emperor 76:8 September 1198, 56:King of the Romans 5116: 5115: 5042: 5041:(Imperial Regent) 4680:Holy Roman Empire 4609:Louis the Younger 4544: 4543: 4537:Succeeded by 4514:Succeeded by 4487:Succeeded by 4460:Succeeded by 4406:Philip of Swabia 3386:118, 2010, p. 82. 3327:978-3-638-54600-3 3131:978-1-61069-286-1 2706:Claudia Garnier: 2685:35, 2001, p. 330. 2530:, pp. 35–57. 2279:978-3-487-41991-6 2176:978-3-640-31571-0 2112:978-3-406-50958-2 1671:Eduard Winkelmann 1519:premonstratensian 1479:alium imperatorem 1467:Pope Innocent III 1408:Bamberg Cathedral 1388:Eduard Winkelmann 1342:Ekbert of Bamberg 1068:Pope Innocent III 984:Bernard of Saxony 916:favor apostolicus 912:Kingdom of Sicily 908:Holy Roman Empire 899:Pope Innocent III 741:Otto of Brunswick 733:Adolph of Cologne 596:1195 he was made 502:collegiate church 458:Philip of Cologne 333:Otto of Brunswick 313:Kingdom of Sicily 287: 286: 5191: 5174:Sons of emperors 5040: 4599:Louis the German 4570: 4563: 4556: 4547: 4539:Heinrich of Berg 4522:Preceded by 4497:Preceded by 4470:Preceded by 4437:Preceded by 4427: 4420: 4402: 4388: 4380: 4364: 4355: 4346: 4337: 4328: 4319: 4310: 4301: 4292: 4286: 4278: 4269: 4260: 4251: 4242: 4221: 4212: 4203: 4194: 4185: 4176: 4170: 4162: 4150: 4141: 4132: 4123: 4117: 4109: 4100: 4094: 4090: 4088: 4080: 4078: 4077: 4055: 4049: 4041: 4032: 4023: 4014: 4005: 3996: 3987: 3978: 3969: 3960: 3941: 3934: 3928: 3923:(in German) In: 3917: 3911: 3906:(in German) In: 3900: 3894: 3889:(in German) In: 3883: 3877: 3871: 3865: 3858: 3852: 3846: 3840: 3834: 3828: 3822: 3816: 3810: 3804: 3798: 3792: 3786: 3780: 3774: 3768: 3754: 3748: 3743:(in German) In: 3737: 3731: 3725: 3719: 3712: 3706: 3700: 3694: 3681: 3675: 3668: 3662: 3647: 3641: 3634: 3628: 3617: 3611: 3605: 3599: 3594:(in German) In: 3585: 3579: 3573: 3567: 3558:Thomas Scharff, 3556: 3550: 3544: 3538: 3532: 3526: 3520: 3514: 3503: 3497: 3486: 3480: 3473: 3467: 3460: 3454: 3443: 3437: 3431: 3425: 3419: 3413: 3406: 3400: 3393: 3387: 3380:(in German) In: 3374: 3368: 3362: 3356: 3350: 3344: 3338: 3332: 3331: 3311: 3305: 3299: 3293: 3286: 3280: 3274: 3265: 3258: 3252: 3246: 3240: 3234: 3228: 3222: 3216: 3205: 3199: 3193: 3187: 3181: 3175: 3169: 3163: 3157: 3151: 3145: 3136: 3135: 3115: 3109: 3103: 3097: 3091: 3085: 3079: 3073: 3067: 3061: 3055: 3049: 3043: 3037: 3030:(in German) In: 3024: 3018: 3012: 3006: 3000: 2994: 2988: 2982: 2976: 2970: 2964: 2958: 2952: 2946: 2940: 2934: 2928: 2922: 2916: 2910: 2899: 2893: 2886: 2880: 2874: 2868: 2863:(in German) In: 2857: 2851: 2845: 2839: 2833: 2827: 2821: 2815: 2809: 2800: 2794: 2788: 2782: 2776: 2770: 2764: 2758: 2752: 2746: 2740: 2729: 2723: 2717: 2711: 2704: 2698: 2692: 2686: 2681:(in German) In: 2675: 2669: 2663: 2657: 2651: 2645: 2639: 2633: 2627: 2621: 2615: 2606: 2600: 2594: 2588: 2579: 2573: 2567: 2561: 2555: 2549: 2543: 2537: 2531: 2525: 2519: 2513: 2507: 2501: 2495: 2489: 2483: 2477: 2471: 2465: 2459: 2453: 2447: 2436: 2430: 2424: 2418: 2412: 2406: 2400: 2394: 2383: 2377: 2368:Stefan Pätzold: 2366: 2360: 2354: 2348: 2342: 2333: 2327: 2321: 2315: 2309: 2303: 2297: 2290: 2284: 2283: 2263: 2257: 2250: 2244: 2238: 2232: 2226: 2220: 2214: 2208: 2202: 2196: 2190: 2181: 2180: 2160: 2154: 2148: 2142: 2136: 2130: 2123: 2117: 2116: 2096: 2090: 2084: 2075: 2069: 2063: 2056:Beatrix Posthuma 2052: 2046: 2040: 2034: 2028: 2019: 2013: 2004: 2003: 1993: 1982: 1975: 1969: 1963: 1957: 1951: 1945: 1939: 1933: 1927: 1921: 1915: 1909: 1903: 1897: 1888:Walter Ziegler: 1886: 1880: 1873: 1867: 1861: 1855: 1849: 1843: 1837: 1831: 1808: 1802: 1796: 1787: 1781: 1775: 1769: 1752: 1746: 1741: 1693:medieval studies 1585:history painting 1544:Arnold of Lübeck 1531:Ekkehard of Aura 1495:Bamberg Horseman 1487:Speyer Cathedral 1386:Since historian 1223:Konrad of Speyer 1126:Arnold of Lübeck 813:Imperial Regalia 791:, and Landgrave 766: 573:Byzantine Empire 506:Aachen Cathedral 451:Treaty of Venice 410:, a daughter of 364:Kingdom of Italy 362:in the Imperial 290:Philip of Swabia 216: 214: 191:Speyer Cathedral 168: 166: 35:Imperial Regalia 31: 19: 5199: 5198: 5194: 5193: 5192: 5190: 5189: 5188: 5154:Dukes of Swabia 5119: 5118: 5117: 5112: 5083: 5064: 5045: 5023: 4999: 4980: 4847:Frederick (III) 4678: 4669: 4637: 4628: 4624:Louis the Child 4614:Charles the Fat 4588: 4579: 4574: 4540: 4533: 4525: 4517: 4510: 4502: 4492: 4483: 4475: 4465: 4452: 4450: 4447:King of Germany 4442: 4421: 4415: 4414: 4407: 4375: 4372: 4367: 4358: 4349: 4340: 4331: 4322: 4313: 4304: 4295: 4279: 4272: 4263: 4254: 4245: 4224: 4215: 4206: 4197: 4188: 4179: 4163: 4156: 4144: 4135: 4126: 4110: 4103: 4091: 4081: 4075: 4073: 4058: 4042: 4035: 4026: 4017: 4008: 3999: 3990: 3981: 3972: 3963: 3954: 3950: 3945: 3944: 3935: 3931: 3918: 3914: 3901: 3897: 3884: 3880: 3872: 3868: 3860:Peter Csendes: 3859: 3855: 3847: 3843: 3835: 3831: 3823: 3819: 3811: 3807: 3799: 3795: 3787: 3783: 3775: 3771: 3755: 3751: 3738: 3734: 3726: 3722: 3713: 3709: 3701: 3697: 3682: 3678: 3669: 3665: 3648: 3644: 3635: 3631: 3618: 3614: 3606: 3602: 3586: 3582: 3574: 3570: 3557: 3553: 3545: 3541: 3533: 3529: 3521: 3517: 3504: 3500: 3487: 3483: 3475:Caspar Ehlers: 3474: 3470: 3462:Hubert Houben: 3461: 3457: 3445:Olaf B. Rader: 3444: 3440: 3432: 3428: 3420: 3416: 3407: 3403: 3395:Olaf B. Rader: 3394: 3390: 3375: 3371: 3363: 3359: 3351: 3347: 3339: 3335: 3328: 3320:. GRIN Verlag. 3313: 3312: 3308: 3300: 3296: 3287: 3283: 3275: 3268: 3259: 3255: 3247: 3243: 3235: 3231: 3223: 3219: 3207:Bernd Schütte: 3206: 3202: 3194: 3190: 3182: 3178: 3170: 3166: 3158: 3154: 3146: 3139: 3132: 3117: 3116: 3112: 3104: 3100: 3092: 3088: 3080: 3076: 3068: 3064: 3056: 3052: 3044: 3040: 3025: 3021: 3013: 3009: 3001: 2997: 2989: 2985: 2977: 2973: 2965: 2961: 2953: 2949: 2941: 2937: 2929: 2925: 2917: 2913: 2900: 2896: 2887: 2883: 2875: 2871: 2858: 2854: 2846: 2842: 2834: 2830: 2822: 2818: 2810: 2803: 2795: 2791: 2783: 2779: 2771: 2767: 2759: 2755: 2749:Weinfurter 2008 2747: 2743: 2730: 2726: 2720:Weinfurter 2008 2718: 2714: 2705: 2701: 2693: 2689: 2676: 2672: 2664: 2660: 2652: 2648: 2640: 2636: 2628: 2624: 2616: 2609: 2601: 2597: 2589: 2582: 2574: 2570: 2562: 2558: 2550: 2546: 2538: 2534: 2526: 2522: 2514: 2510: 2502: 2498: 2490: 2486: 2478: 2474: 2466: 2462: 2454: 2450: 2437: 2433: 2425: 2421: 2413: 2409: 2401: 2397: 2384: 2380: 2367: 2363: 2355: 2351: 2343: 2336: 2328: 2324: 2316: 2312: 2304: 2300: 2291: 2287: 2280: 2265: 2264: 2260: 2251: 2247: 2239: 2235: 2227: 2223: 2215: 2211: 2203: 2199: 2191: 2184: 2177: 2169:. GRIN Verlag. 2162: 2161: 2157: 2149: 2145: 2137: 2133: 2127:Kaiser Otto IV. 2124: 2120: 2113: 2098: 2097: 2093: 2085: 2078: 2070: 2066: 2053: 2049: 2041: 2037: 2029: 2022: 2014: 2007: 1995: 1994: 1985: 1977:Peter Csendes: 1976: 1972: 1964: 1960: 1952: 1948: 1940: 1936: 1928: 1924: 1916: 1912: 1904: 1900: 1887: 1883: 1874: 1870: 1862: 1858: 1850: 1846: 1838: 1834: 1809: 1805: 1797: 1790: 1782: 1778: 1770: 1766: 1761: 1756: 1755: 1749:Philip the Arab 1744: 1742: 1738: 1733: 1647:Road to Canossa 1605: 1570: 1515: 1471:excommunication 1460:Henry of Kalden 1457:Reichsmarschall 1404: 1330:Otto of Merania 1304: 1249:Henry of Kalden 1221:and especially 1195: 1030:Alexius Angelus 943: 888:Conrad of Mainz 876:Mainz Cathedral 868:Bertram of Metz 837:Prince-Provosts 811:. Instead, the 764: 697: 691: 686: 640:Emperor Otto IV 566:Crusade of 1197 372:King of Germany 356: 346: 341: 315:) collapsed in 302:King of Germany 251: 218: 215: 1197) 210: 206: 193: 170: 164: 162: 147: 52:King of Germany 46: 43:Weissenau Abbey 17: 12: 11: 5: 5197: 5195: 5187: 5186: 5184:Sons of counts 5181: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5121: 5120: 5114: 5113: 5111: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5094: 5092: 5085: 5084: 5082: 5081: 5075: 5073: 5066: 5065: 5063: 5062: 5060:Franz Joseph I 5056: 5054: 5047: 5046: 5044: 5043: 5034: 5032: 5025: 5024: 5022: 5021: 5016: 5010: 5008: 5001: 5000: 4998: 4997: 4991: 4989: 4982: 4981: 4979: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4748:Lothair II/III 4745: 4740: 4735: 4728: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4701: 4696: 4691: 4685: 4683: 4671: 4670: 4668: 4667: 4662: 4655: 4650: 4644: 4642: 4630: 4629: 4627: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4595: 4593: 4581: 4580: 4575: 4573: 4572: 4565: 4558: 4550: 4542: 4541: 4538: 4535: 4526: 4523: 4519: 4518: 4515: 4512: 4503: 4498: 4494: 4493: 4488: 4485: 4480:Duke of Swabia 4476: 4471: 4467: 4466: 4461: 4458: 4453:(contested by 4443: 4438: 4434: 4433: 4432:Regnal titles 4429: 4428: 4408: 4405: 4400: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4371: 4370:External links 4368: 4366: 4365: 4356: 4347: 4338: 4329: 4320: 4311: 4302: 4293: 4270: 4261: 4252: 4243: 4233:(2): 253–292. 4222: 4213: 4204: 4195: 4186: 4177: 4154: 4142: 4133: 4124: 4101: 4093:|website= 4056: 4033: 4024: 4015: 4006: 3997: 3988: 3979: 3970: 3961: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3943: 3942: 3929: 3912: 3902:Sönke Lorenz: 3895: 3878: 3866: 3853: 3851:, p. 140. 3841: 3839:, p. 107. 3829: 3827:, p. 151. 3817: 3815:, p. 150. 3805: 3793: 3789:Schieffer 2010 3781: 3779:, p. 231. 3769: 3749: 3739:Gerd Althoff: 3732: 3728:Schieffer 2010 3720: 3707: 3703:Schieffer 2010 3695: 3676: 3663: 3642: 3629: 3619:Gerd Althoff: 3612: 3600: 3580: 3568: 3551: 3539: 3537:, p. 200. 3527: 3525:, p. 162. 3515: 3498: 3481: 3468: 3455: 3438: 3426: 3424:, p. 269. 3414: 3408:Sven Pflefka: 3401: 3388: 3369: 3357: 3355:, p. 119. 3345: 3333: 3326: 3306: 3304:, p. 192. 3294: 3281: 3266: 3253: 3241: 3239:, p. 118. 3229: 3217: 3200: 3188: 3176: 3174:, p. 123. 3164: 3162:, p. 123. 3152: 3150:, p. 175. 3137: 3130: 3110: 3108:, p. 243. 3098: 3086: 3074: 3072:, p. 246. 3062: 3050: 3048:, p. 141. 3038: 3019: 3017:, p. 157. 3007: 3005:, p. 158. 2995: 2983: 2971: 2959: 2957:, p. 167. 2947: 2935: 2933:, p. 163. 2923: 2911: 2894: 2881: 2869: 2859:Gerd Althoff: 2852: 2850:, p. 143. 2840: 2838:, p. 278. 2828: 2826:, p. 141. 2816: 2801: 2799:, p. 136. 2789: 2777: 2765: 2763:, p. 204. 2753: 2741: 2724: 2712: 2699: 2697:, p. 156. 2687: 2677:Hermann Kamp: 2670: 2668:, p. 152. 2658: 2646: 2634: 2632:, p. 325. 2622: 2607: 2595: 2580: 2578:, p. 139. 2568: 2556: 2544: 2542:, p. 205. 2532: 2520: 2518:, p. 203. 2508: 2506:, p. 213. 2496: 2494:, p. 195. 2484: 2482:, p. 213. 2472: 2460: 2448: 2431: 2419: 2407: 2405:, p. 149. 2395: 2378: 2361: 2359:, p. 132. 2349: 2347:, p. 130. 2334: 2322: 2310: 2298: 2285: 2278: 2258: 2252:Gerd Althoff: 2245: 2243:, p. 170. 2233: 2231:, p. 398. 2221: 2209: 2197: 2195:, p. 202. 2182: 2175: 2155: 2153:, p. 347. 2143: 2141:, p. 346. 2131: 2118: 2111: 2091: 2076: 2064: 2047: 2035: 2033:, p. 295. 2020: 2018:, p. 194. 2005: 1983: 1970: 1968:, p. 490. 1958: 1956:, p. 240. 1946: 1944:, p. 155. 1934: 1932:, p. 134. 1922: 1910: 1898: 1881: 1868: 1866:, p. 139. 1856: 1854:, p. 138. 1844: 1832: 1803: 1801:, p. 181. 1799:Alemparte 1986 1788: 1776: 1774:, p. 260. 1763: 1762: 1760: 1757: 1754: 1753: 1735: 1734: 1732: 1729: 1617:Kleinstaaterei 1613:ultramontanism 1604: 1601: 1589:Alexander Zick 1569: 1566: 1562:Eike of Repgow 1557:Sachsenspiegel 1514: 1511: 1403: 1400: 1332:on 21 June in 1303: 1300: 1239:Henry the Lion 1194: 1191: 1083:, the city of 1034:Constantinople 1026:Fourth Crusade 942: 939: 777:Laetare Sunday 749:Henry the Lion 693:Main article: 690: 687: 685: 682: 677: 676: 673: 663: 653: 643: 621:Duke of Swabia 577:Irene Angelina 477:Peter of Eboli 466:Henry the Lion 447:Lombard League 404:Salian dynasty 345: 342: 340: 337: 317:imperial Italy 285: 284: 279: 275: 274: 269: 265: 264: 259: 253: 252: 250: 249: 244: 239: 234: 228: 226: 220: 219: 208: 204:Irene Angelina 202: 201: 199: 195: 194: 189: 187: 183: 182: 160: 156: 155: 144: 140: 139: 136: 135: 130: 126: 125: 120: 116: 115: 112: 108: 107: 105:Duke of Swabia 101: 100: 95: 91: 90: 85: 81: 80: 74: 68: 67: 64: 60: 59: 48: 47: 32: 24: 23: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5196: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5126: 5124: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5103:Frederick III 5101: 5099: 5096: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5089:German Empire 5086: 5080: 5077: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5067: 5061: 5058: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5048: 5039: 5036: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5029:German Empire 5026: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5002: 4996: 4993: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4983: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4931:Ferdinand III 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4911:Maximilian II 4909: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4891:Frederick III 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4876: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4859: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4817: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4800: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4733: 4729: 4727: 4726: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4676: 4672: 4666: 4663: 4661: 4660: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4635: 4631: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4586: 4582: 4578: 4571: 4566: 4564: 4559: 4557: 4552: 4551: 4548: 4532: 4531: 4520: 4509: 4508: 4501: 4495: 4491: 4482: 4481: 4474: 4468: 4464: 4456: 4449: 4448: 4441: 4435: 4430: 4425: 4418: 4413: 4412: 4403: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4386: 4385: 4379: 4374: 4373: 4369: 4362: 4357: 4353: 4348: 4344: 4339: 4335: 4330: 4326: 4321: 4317: 4312: 4308: 4303: 4299: 4294: 4290: 4284: 4276: 4271: 4267: 4262: 4258: 4253: 4249: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4223: 4219: 4214: 4210: 4205: 4201: 4196: 4192: 4187: 4183: 4178: 4174: 4168: 4160: 4155: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4139: 4134: 4130: 4125: 4121: 4115: 4107: 4102: 4098: 4086: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4063: 4057: 4053: 4047: 4039: 4034: 4030: 4025: 4021: 4016: 4012: 4007: 4003: 3998: 3994: 3989: 3985: 3980: 3976: 3971: 3967: 3962: 3958: 3953: 3952: 3947: 3939: 3933: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3916: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3899: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3885:Thomas Zotz: 3882: 3879: 3875: 3870: 3867: 3863: 3857: 3854: 3850: 3845: 3842: 3838: 3833: 3830: 3826: 3821: 3818: 3814: 3809: 3806: 3802: 3801:Rzihacek 2010 3797: 3794: 3790: 3785: 3782: 3778: 3773: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3753: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3736: 3733: 3729: 3724: 3721: 3717: 3711: 3708: 3704: 3699: 3696: 3693: 3692: 3686: 3680: 3677: 3673: 3667: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3646: 3643: 3639: 3633: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3616: 3613: 3610:, p. 23. 3609: 3604: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3584: 3581: 3578:, p. 15. 3577: 3572: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3555: 3552: 3549:. ad a. 1198. 3548: 3543: 3540: 3536: 3531: 3528: 3524: 3519: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3502: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3485: 3482: 3478: 3472: 3469: 3465: 3459: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3442: 3439: 3436:, p. 92. 3435: 3430: 3427: 3423: 3418: 3415: 3411: 3405: 3402: 3398: 3392: 3389: 3385: 3384: 3379: 3373: 3370: 3367:, p. 14. 3366: 3361: 3358: 3354: 3349: 3346: 3342: 3337: 3334: 3329: 3323: 3319: 3318: 3310: 3307: 3303: 3298: 3295: 3291: 3285: 3282: 3278: 3273: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3257: 3254: 3250: 3249:Zientara 1997 3245: 3242: 3238: 3233: 3230: 3227:, p. 12. 3226: 3221: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3204: 3201: 3198:, p. 17. 3197: 3192: 3189: 3186:, p. 16. 3185: 3180: 3177: 3173: 3168: 3165: 3161: 3156: 3153: 3149: 3144: 3142: 3138: 3133: 3127: 3123: 3122: 3114: 3111: 3107: 3102: 3099: 3096:, p. 76. 3095: 3090: 3087: 3084:, p. 87. 3083: 3078: 3075: 3071: 3066: 3063: 3059: 3054: 3051: 3047: 3042: 3039: 3035: 3034: 3029: 3023: 3020: 3016: 3015:Rzihacek 2010 3011: 3008: 3004: 3003:Rzihacek 2010 2999: 2996: 2993:, p. 55. 2992: 2987: 2984: 2981:, p. 52. 2980: 2975: 2972: 2969:, p. 50. 2968: 2963: 2960: 2956: 2951: 2948: 2945:, p. 46. 2944: 2939: 2936: 2932: 2927: 2924: 2921:, p. 40. 2920: 2915: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2898: 2895: 2891: 2885: 2882: 2879:, p. 74. 2878: 2873: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2856: 2853: 2849: 2844: 2841: 2837: 2832: 2829: 2825: 2820: 2817: 2814:, p. 93. 2813: 2808: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2793: 2790: 2787:, p. 55. 2786: 2781: 2778: 2775:, p. 52. 2774: 2769: 2766: 2762: 2757: 2754: 2751:, p. 32. 2750: 2745: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2728: 2725: 2722:, p. 29. 2721: 2716: 2713: 2709: 2703: 2700: 2696: 2695:Rzihacek 2010 2691: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2674: 2671: 2667: 2666:Kottmann 2005 2662: 2659: 2656:, p. 92. 2655: 2650: 2647: 2644:, p. 84. 2643: 2638: 2635: 2631: 2626: 2623: 2620:, p. 51. 2619: 2614: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2599: 2596: 2593:, p. 91. 2592: 2587: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2572: 2569: 2566:, p. 37. 2565: 2560: 2557: 2553: 2548: 2545: 2541: 2536: 2533: 2529: 2524: 2521: 2517: 2512: 2509: 2505: 2500: 2497: 2493: 2488: 2485: 2481: 2476: 2473: 2469: 2464: 2461: 2458:, p. 21. 2457: 2452: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2435: 2432: 2429:, p. 18. 2428: 2423: 2420: 2417:, p. 17. 2416: 2411: 2408: 2404: 2399: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2382: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2365: 2362: 2358: 2353: 2350: 2346: 2341: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2326: 2323: 2320:, p. 78. 2319: 2314: 2311: 2307: 2302: 2299: 2295: 2292:Knut Görich: 2289: 2286: 2281: 2275: 2271: 2270: 2262: 2259: 2255: 2249: 2246: 2242: 2241:Kottmann 2005 2237: 2234: 2230: 2225: 2222: 2219:, p. 81. 2218: 2213: 2210: 2206: 2201: 2198: 2194: 2189: 2187: 2183: 2178: 2172: 2168: 2167: 2159: 2156: 2152: 2147: 2144: 2140: 2135: 2132: 2128: 2122: 2119: 2114: 2108: 2104: 2103: 2095: 2092: 2089:, p. 80. 2088: 2083: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2068: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2051: 2048: 2045:, p. 27. 2044: 2039: 2036: 2032: 2027: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2012: 2010: 2006: 2001: 2000: 1992: 1990: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1974: 1971: 1967: 1962: 1959: 1955: 1950: 1947: 1943: 1942:Rzihacek 2010 1938: 1935: 1931: 1926: 1923: 1920:, p. 91. 1919: 1918:Abulafia 1988 1914: 1911: 1908:, p. 80. 1907: 1902: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1885: 1882: 1878: 1875:Knut Görich: 1872: 1869: 1865: 1860: 1857: 1853: 1848: 1845: 1841: 1836: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1807: 1804: 1800: 1795: 1793: 1789: 1786:, p. 19. 1785: 1780: 1777: 1773: 1768: 1765: 1758: 1750: 1740: 1737: 1730: 1728: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1709: 1704: 1703: 1702:ministeriales 1698: 1694: 1689: 1685: 1683: 1682: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1659: 1657: 1652: 1648: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1602: 1600: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1581: 1579: 1575: 1567: 1565: 1563: 1559: 1558: 1551: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1512: 1510: 1508: 1505:, King Saint 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1454: 1453: 1447: 1443: 1442: 1437: 1433: 1432:Imperial Diet 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1401: 1399: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1384: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1349: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1319: 1315: 1314: 1308: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1291: 1288: 1287: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1253: 1250: 1246: 1245: 1244:ministeriales 1240: 1236: 1233:and Margrave 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1207: 1206: 1200: 1192: 1190: 1188: 1184: 1179: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1156: 1151: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1129: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1118: 1113: 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3046:Schütte 2002 3041: 3031: 3027: 3022: 3010: 2998: 2991:Schütte 2008 2986: 2979:Schütte 2008 2974: 2967:Schütte 2008 2962: 2955:Schütte 2002 2950: 2943:Schütte 2008 2938: 2931:Schütte 2002 2926: 2919:Schütte 2002 2914: 2906: 2902: 2897: 2889: 2884: 2872: 2864: 2860: 2855: 2843: 2831: 2819: 2792: 2780: 2768: 2756: 2744: 2736: 2732: 2727: 2715: 2707: 2702: 2690: 2682: 2678: 2673: 2661: 2649: 2637: 2630:Schütte 2002 2625: 2618:Schütte 2008 2602: 2598: 2571: 2559: 2551: 2547: 2540:Althoff 2009 2535: 2523: 2516:Althoff 2009 2511: 2504:Althoff 2009 2499: 2487: 2475: 2463: 2456:Althoff 2012 2451: 2443: 2439: 2434: 2427:Althoff 2012 2422: 2415:Althoff 2012 2410: 2398: 2390: 2386: 2381: 2373: 2369: 2364: 2352: 2329: 2325: 2313: 2305: 2301: 2293: 2288: 2268: 2261: 2253: 2248: 2236: 2229:Schütte 2002 2224: 2217:Csendes 2010 2212: 2200: 2193:Althoff 2009 2165: 2158: 2151:Schütte 2002 2146: 2139:Schütte 2002 2134: 2126: 2121: 2101: 2094: 2087:Csendes 2010 2074:, p. 4. 2072:Schütte 2002 2067: 2055: 2050: 2043:Baldwin 2014 2038: 2031:Stürner 1992 1998: 1978: 1973: 1966:Schütte 2002 1961: 1954:Ciggaar 1996 1949: 1937: 1925: 1913: 1901: 1893: 1889: 1884: 1876: 1871: 1864:Althoff 1997 1859: 1852:Althoff 1997 1847: 1842:, p. 4. 1840:Seibert 2005 1835: 1827: 1823: 1815: 1811: 1806: 1779: 1772:Maiorov 2021 1767: 1739: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1706: 1700: 1696: 1690: 1686: 1680: 1674: 1662: 1660: 1655: 1642:Hohenstaufen 1606: 1599:in Bamberg. 1582: 1578:Frederick II 1571: 1555: 1552: 1539: 1526: 1516: 1478: 1475:Frederick II 1464: 1456: 1450: 1446:Imperial ban 1439: 1419: 1405: 1385: 1376: 1350: 1323: 1311: 1292: 1284: 1254: 1242: 1203: 1196: 1186: 1180: 1176:Königskröner 1175: 1166: 1159: 1130: 1115: 1105: 1096: 1085:Braunschweig 1072: 1060: 1048: 1019: 1002: 993: 988: 967: 960: 956: 934: 930: 928: 923: 920: 915: 903: 892: 883: 865: 853: 845:Königskröner 844: 835:, and three 726: 698: 678: 570: 556:, the later 537: 491: 479: 462:Gerd Althoff 455: 401: 357: 306: 293: 289: 288: 262:Hohenstaufen 133:Frederick IV 5134:1208 deaths 5129:1177 births 5091:(1871–1918) 5072:(1867–1871) 5053:(1850–1866) 5031:(1848/1849) 5019:Ferdinand I 5007:(1815–1848) 4988:(1806–1813) 4956:Charles VII 4906:Ferdinand I 4788:Henry (VII) 4763:Frederick I 4500:Christian I 3757:Peter Moraw 3670:Karl Bosl: 3608:Bihrer 2010 3576:Bihrer 2010 3434:Görich 2006 3365:Bihrer 2010 3353:Bihrer 2005 3277:Hucker 1998 3237:Bihrer 2005 3225:Bihrer 2010 3196:Bihrer 2010 3184:Bihrer 2010 3172:Bihrer 2005 2848:Görich 2010 2824:Görich 2010 2812:Wihoda 2015 2797:Görich 2010 2761:Weller 2010 2654:Wihoda 2015 2642:Görich 2006 2591:Wihoda 2015 2576:Görich 2010 2492:Weller 2010 2480:Weller 2010 2468:Görich 2010 2403:Görich 2010 2385:Jan Keupp: 2357:Görich 2010 2345:Görich 2010 2016:Weller 2010 1906:Madden 2014 1784:Görich 2006 1609:Kulturkampf 1441:Landfrieden 1424:Pegau Abbey 1286:itinerarium 1162:Palm Sunday 1038:Alexius III 994:Minnesänger 861:Middle Ages 809:Lothair III 606:Minnesinger 344:Early years 119:Predecessor 84:Predecessor 5123:Categories 5108:William II 4995:Napoleon I 4976:Francis II 4971:Leopold II 4951:Charles VI 4864:Wenceslaus 4852:Charles IV 4758:Henry (VI) 4753:Conrad III 4682:(962–1806) 4677:within the 4587:during the 4534:1190–1191 4511:1195–1197 4484:1196–1208 4076:2024-01-10 4071:1358466577 3777:Krieb 2000 3341:Keupp 2008 3160:Keupp 2008 2877:Krieb 2000 2836:Krieb 2010 2785:Krieb 2000 2773:Krieb 2000 2564:Krieb 2000 2554:, VIII, 1. 2528:Krieb 2000 2318:Krieb 2000 2205:Krieb 2010 1820:Ostfildern 1759:References 1416:Conrad III 1373:Wenceslaus 1328:with Duke 1183:Wassenberg 1141:Maastricht 769:Mühlhausen 757:Nordhausen 165:1208-06-21 72:Coronation 5098:William I 5079:William I 5014:Francis I 4966:Joseph II 4961:Francis I 4941:Leopold I 4916:Rudolf II 4901:Charles V 4886:Albert II 4881:Sigismund 4837:Henry VII 4793:Conrad IV 4714:Henry III 4709:Conrad II 4641:(919–962) 4636:(911–919) 4592:(843–911) 4473:Conrad II 4451:1198–1208 4283:cite book 4167:cite book 4114:cite book 4095:ignored ( 4085:cite book 4046:cite book 1930:Lyon 2013 1713:deperdita 1452:vogelfrei 1436:Frankfurt 1414:and King 1402:Aftermath 1394:Dukes of 1150:Zähringen 1108:Weißensee 1007:elevation 976:Brunswick 972:Magdeburg 964:Christmas 831:, Bishop 773:Thuringia 737:anti-king 666:Elisabeth 656:Kunigunde 625:Pentecost 602:Matildine 562:Frankfurt 530:Constance 416:Conrad II 325:Frederick 294:Philip II 176:Franconia 129:Successor 123:Conrad II 94:Successor 39:miniature 4946:Joseph I 4921:Matthias 4842:Louis IV 4832:Albert I 4822:Rudolf I 4768:Henry VI 4719:Henry IV 4704:Henry II 4699:Otto III 4648:Conrad I 4604:Carloman 4440:Henry VI 4354:. Brill. 4031:. Brill. 3689:vol. 1: 1681:Erbfeind 1651:Henry IV 1634:Ottonian 1626:Napoleon 1624:against 1491:Henry IV 1412:Henry II 1381:Augsburg 1361:Piacenza 1257:Chancery 1167:adventus 1145:Duisburg 1064:Holy See 980:Ascanian 910:and the 629:Augsburg 581:Isaac II 526:Würzburg 518:Anatolia 494:Adelberg 484:, 1196. 399:valley. 88:Henry VI 4858:Günther 4816:Alfonso 4810:Richard 4805:William 4778:Otto IV 4743:Henry V 4732:Hermann 4694:Otto II 4653:Henry I 4463:Otto IV 4455:Otto IV 3948:Sources 1521:priest 1396:Merania 1392:Andechs 1334:Bamberg 1281:Valence 1273:Zutphen 1269:Utrecht 1247:had in 1229:, Duke 1137:Koblenz 1117:deditio 797:Cologne 787:, Duke 783:, Duke 765:8 March 718:Germany 714:Messina 636:Beatrix 500:at the 498:provost 432:elected 428:Swabian 217: 209: 180:Germany 172:Bamberg 98:Otto IV 4869:Rupert 4773:Philip 4725:Rudolf 4689:Otto I 4665:Otto I 4659:Arnulf 4619:Arnulf 4422: 4152:online 4069: 3324: 3128: 2605:VI, 8. 2276: 2173: 2109: 2054:Named 1638:Salian 1499:memory 1483:Speyer 1377:Hoftag 1265:Bremen 1205:Hoftag 1172:Aachen 1164:. The 1101:Goslar 1097:Vogtei 857:synods 849:Aachen 722:Speyer 706:Aachen 702:Apulia 617:Conrad 594:Easter 424:Conrad 278:Mother 268:Father 198:Spouse 186:Burial 22:Philip 4875:Jobst 4827:Adolf 4424:Died: 4417:Born: 1731:Notes 1529:) of 1367:Duke 1365:Piast 1302:Death 1277:Savoy 1261:seals 1199:court 1193:Court 1155:Henry 1099:over 1081:Henry 989:Gesta 982:Duke 970:) in 874:. 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Index