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published by
Routledge. The journal was edited by Light and Smith up to 2009, and has published work by philosophers, geographers, and others in allied fields, on questions of space, place, and the environment broadly construed. It has come to be recognized as instrumental in expanding the scope of
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were published by Rowman & Littlefield Press which later became a bi-annual journal published by Carfax publishers. This journal merged with another journal started by geographers,
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In 2009 Smith retired from the journal and
Benjamin Hale from the University of Colorado came on as the new co-editor. Hale and Light relaunched the journal in January 2011 as
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964:. While the journal has since focused more on the relationship between environmental ethics and policy, it still welcomes submissions on relevant work from geographers.
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A book series, also initially published by Rowman & Littlefield, and later by
Cambridge Scholars Press, began in 2002 to publish the transactions of the
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s annual meetings, organized by Gary
Backhaus and John Murungi of Towson University. In 2005 the society sponsoring these annual meetings became the
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979:, published semiannually and currently edited by C. Patrick Heidkamp, Troy Paddock, and Christine Petto of Southern Connecticut State University.
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in 1947, for this kind of broad study of geographical knowledge. Other books oft-cited as key works in the field include
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Though methodological issues concerning geographical knowledge have been debated for centuries,
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The Nature of
Geography: A Critical Survey of Current Thought in the Light of the Past
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888:(1899–1992) is often credited with its first major systematic treatment in English,
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and study of the history of geographical thought, coined the related term
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International
Association for the Study of Environment, Space, and Place
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Ethics, Place, and
Environment: A journal of philosophy and geography
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1094: – the study of a specific theory focused on human geography
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1171:. 2 October 2007. Archived from the original on 2 October 2007
18:
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was founded in 1997 by Andrew Light, a philosopher later at
136:
1061: – Proposed way to organize themes within geography
1076: – Treatise on cartography by Claudius Ptolemaeus
1096:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
940:. Three volumes of an annual peer-reviewed journal,
896:(1891–1969), an American geographer notable for his
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1068: – Geography textbook by Bernhardus Varenius
1189:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1205:"Environment, Space, Place - www.zetabooks.com"
4820:Geographic data and information organizations
4225:
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1115:Hale, Benjamin; Light, Andrew (March 2011).
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4871:National Council for Geographic Education
3976:Relationship between religion and science
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1107:
957:to include work on urban environments.
697:
575:
128:
1182:
936:, and Jonathan Smith, a geographer at
1157:from the original on 24 January 2012.
969:Society for Philosophy and Geography'
7:
4915:
1234:Society for Philosophy and Geography
930:Society for Philosophy and Geography
918:Society for Philosophy and Geography
47:adding citations to reliable sources
4927:
1121:: A New Name and a Renewed Mission"
14:
3996:Sociology of scientific knowledge
3991:Sociology of scientific ignorance
3944:History and philosophy of science
4926:
4914:
4902:
4891:
4890:
4866:International Geography Olympiad
4193:
4181:
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1119:Ethics, Policy & Environment
1031:
1017:
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989:
23:
16:Metaphysical issues in geography
946:Ethics, Place, and Environment,
34:needs additional citations for
4579:Geographic information science
3385:Analytic–synthetic distinction
1128:Ethics, Policy and Environment
962:Ethics, Policy and Environment
497:Geographic information science
1:
4685:Geographic information system
1207:. 9 July 2009. Archived from
608:Geographic information system
4955:Philosophy of social science
4612:Environmental social science
2790:Ordinary language philosophy
1140:10.1080/21550085.2011.561581
1059:Four traditions of geography
535:Environmental social science
3718:Hypothetico-deductive model
3693:Deductive-nomological model
3678:Constructivist epistemology
2840:Contemporary utilitarianism
2755:Internalism and externalism
1169:"IASESP Conference History"
1092:Non-representational theory
763:Non-representational theory
4981:
2104:Svatantrika and Prasangika
4886:
4727:Global Positioning System
4250:
4172:
3779:Semantic view of theories
3698:Epistemological anarchism
3635:dependent and independent
3298:
3013:
2996:
2403:
1749:
1738:
1326:Philosophy of mathematics
1316:Philosophy of information
1287:
1276:
977:Environment, Space, Place
942:Philosophy and Geography,
650:Global Positioning System
203:Environmental determinism
58:"Philosophy of geography"
3521:Intertheoretic reduction
3510:Ignoramus et ignorabimus
3487:Functional contextualism
1055: – Educational tool
1053:Five themes of geography
938:Texas A&M University
910:Explanation in Geography
4835:National mapping agency
4800:Survey (human research)
4742:Participant observation
4006:Philosophers of science
3784:Scientific essentialism
3733:Model-dependent realism
3668:Constructive empiricism
3561:Evidence-based practice
2795:Postanalytic philosophy
2736:Experimental philosophy
934:George Mason University
859:Philosophy of geography
723:Survey (human research)
665:Participant observation
213:Quantitative revolution
4960:Subfields of geography
4825:Geographical societies
4622:Landscape architecture
4089:Alfred North Whitehead
4079:Charles Sanders Peirce
2928:Social constructionism
1940:Hellenistic philosophy
1356:Theoretical philosophy
1331:Philosophy of religion
1321:Philosophy of language
736:Theoretical Approaches
545:Landscape architecture
193:History of cartography
141:
4617:Environmental studies
4589:Statistical geography
4470:Environmental science
4188:Philosophy portal
3939:Hard and soft science
3934:Faith and rationality
3803:Scientific skepticism
3583:Scientific Revolution
3366:Philosophy of science
3311:Philosophy portal
2830:Scientific skepticism
2810:Reformed epistemology
1336:Philosophy of science
540:Environmental studies
507:Statistical geography
140:
4965:History of geography
4830:Geoscience societies
4795:Interview (research)
4767:Land change modeling
4668:Computer cartography
4646:Techniques and tools
4504:Earth system science
3914:Criticism of science
3789:Scientific formalism
3673:Constructive realism
3578:Scientific pluralism
3551:Problem of induction
2731:Critical rationalism
2438:Edo neo-Confucianism
2282:Acintya bheda abheda
2261:Renaissance humanism
1972:School of the Sextii
1346:Practical philosophy
1341:Political philosophy
1066:Geographia Generalis
1047:Behavioral geography
955:environmental ethics
894:John Kirtland Wright
718:Interview (research)
690:Land change modeling
591:Computer cartography
525:Integrated geography
198:Historical geography
166:History of geography
43:improve this article
4876:Spatial citizenship
4861:Geographers on Film
4851:Geography education
4461:Atmospheric science
3981:Rhetoric of science
3919:Descriptive science
3663:Confirmation holism
3556:Scientific evidence
3516:Inductive reasoning
3445:Demarcation problem
2302:Nimbarka Sampradaya
2213:Korean Confucianism
1960:Academic Skepticism
1074:Geography (Ptolemy)
861:is the subfield of
472:Technical geography
124:Part of a series on
4757:Statistical survey
4707:Geologic modelling
4546:Quaternary science
4200:Science portal
4129:Carl Gustav Hempel
4084:Wilhelm Windelband
3971:Questionable cause
3794:Scientific realism
3615:Underdetermination
3450:Empirical evidence
3440:Creative synthesis
2923:Post-structuralism
2825:Scientific realism
2780:Quinean naturalism
2760:Logical positivism
2716:Analytical Marxism
1935:Peripatetic school
1847:Chinese naturalism
1374:Aesthetic response
1301:Applied philosophy
948:in 2005 to become
886:Richard Hartshorne
790:Post-structuralism
680:Statistical survey
630:Geologic modelling
459:Quaternary science
361:Physical geography
218:Critical geography
208:Regional geography
142:
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4627:Landscape ecology
4447:Coastal geography
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3961:Normative science
3818:Uniformitarianism
3573:Scientific method
3467:Explanatory power
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2711:Analytic feminism
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2645:Kierkegaardianism
2607:Transcendentalism
2567:Neo-scholasticism
2413:Classical Realism
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2389:
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2161:
1977:Neopythagoreanism
1734:
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1351:Social philosophy
997:Philosophy portal
865:which deals with
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550:Landscape ecology
444:Landscape ecology
406:Coastal geography
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4479:Paleoclimatology
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4159:Bas van Fraassen
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4094:Bertrand Russell
4011:
3837:Philosophy of...
3620:Unity of science
3413:Commensurability
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3320:
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3308:
3307:
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3015:
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2888:Frankfurt School
2835:Transactionalism
2785:Normative ethics
2765:Legal positivism
2741:Falsificationism
2726:Consequentialism
2721:Communitarianism
2694:
2562:New Confucianism
2401:
2208:Neo-Confucianism
2173:
1982:Second Sophistic
1967:Middle Platonism
1810:
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1583:Epiphenomenalism
1450:Consequentialism
1384:Institutionalism
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1086:History of Earth
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1025:Geography portal
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1007:
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645:Geovisualization
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512:Spatial analysis
397:Paleoclimatology
188:Age of Discovery
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4483:Palaeogeography
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4149:Paul Feyerabend
4109:Michael Polanyi
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4031:Galileo Galilei
4000:
3986:Science studies
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3832:
3823:Verificationism
3728:Instrumentalism
3713:Foundationalism
3688:Conventionalism
3646:
3482:Feminist method
3368:
3363:
3333:
3328:
3305:
3303:
3282:
3246:
3146:
3108:
3055:
3009:
3008:
2980:
2969:Russian cosmism
2942:
2938:Western Marxism
2903:New Historicism
2868:Critical theory
2854:
2850:Wittgensteinian
2746:Foundationalism
2679:
2616:
2597:Social contract
2453:Foundationalism
2386:
2368:
2352:Illuminationism
2337:Aristotelianism
2323:
2312:Vishishtadvaita
2265:
2217:
2158:
2125:
1996:
1925:Megarian school
1920:Eretrian school
1861:
1822:Agriculturalism
1799:
1745:
1726:
1673:
1645:
1602:
1554:
1511:
1495:Incompatibilism
1464:
1436:
1388:
1360:
1283:
1272:
1267:
1230:
1225:
1224:
1214:
1212:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1181:
1174:
1172:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1154:
1123:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1095:
1037:
1032:
1030:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1009:
1002:
995:
990:
988:
985:
926:
867:epistemological
852:
802:
801:
738:
728:
727:
613:Distributed GIS
570:
560:
559:
527:
517:
516:
474:
464:
463:
401:Palaeogeography
363:
353:
352:
233:
231:Human geography
223:
222:
168:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4978:
4976:
4968:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4947:
4946:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4936:
4924:
4912:
4900:
4887:
4884:
4883:
4881:
4880:
4879:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4847:
4845:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4816:
4814:
4810:
4809:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4781:
4779:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4752:Remote sensing
4749:
4747:Photogrammetry
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4712:Geomathematics
4709:
4704:
4703:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4682:
4677:
4676:
4675:
4670:
4659:
4657:
4648:
4642:
4641:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4634:
4632:Time geography
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4608:
4606:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4574:Geoinformatics
4571:
4566:
4560:
4558:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4548:
4543:
4529:
4520:
4515:
4506:
4501:
4500:
4499:
4490:
4485:
4472:
4467:
4453:
4444:
4443:
4442:
4437:
4435:Phytogeography
4432:
4421:
4419:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4393:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4296:
4294:
4285:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4229:
4222:
4214:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4190:
4178:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4134:W. V. O. Quine
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4069:Rudolf Steiner
4066:
4061:
4059:Henri Poincaré
4056:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4017:
4015:
4008:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3957:
3956:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3929:Exact sciences
3926:
3921:
3916:
3910:
3908:
3907:Related topics
3904:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3866:Social science
3863:
3862:
3861:
3859:Space and time
3851:
3846:
3840:
3838:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3772:
3763:
3758:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3639:
3638:
3637:
3632:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3568:Scientific law
3565:
3564:
3563:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3506:
3505:
3504:
3499:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3477:Falsifiability
3474:
3469:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3406:Mill's Methods
3398:
3387:
3382:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3369:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3354:
3347:
3339:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3314:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3167:
3162:
3156:
3154:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3118:
3116:
3114:Middle Eastern
3110:
3109:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3065:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3032:
3030:
3021:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3002:
3001:
2994:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2878:Existentialism
2875:
2873:Deconstruction
2870:
2864:
2862:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2706:Applied ethics
2702:
2700:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2670:Nietzscheanism
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2630:
2624:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2612:Utilitarianism
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2510:Transcendental
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2448:Existentialism
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2404:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2378:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2333:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2236:Augustinianism
2233:
2227:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2179:
2177:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2149:Zoroastrianism
2146:
2141:
2135:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2006:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1992:Church Fathers
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1874:
1872:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1818:
1816:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1765:
1759:
1757:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1683:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1655:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1612:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1564:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1521:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1507:Libertarianism
1504:
1503:
1502:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1480:
1474:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1446:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1398:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1370:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1311:Metaphilosophy
1308:
1303:
1297:
1295:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1258:
1251:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1229:
1228:External links
1226:
1223:
1222:
1211:on 9 July 2009
1196:
1160:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1089:
1083:
1078:
1070:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1043:
1042:
1028:
1014:
1011:Science portal
1000:
984:
981:
925:
922:
920:in the 1990s.
914:Henri Lefebvre
854:
853:
851:
850:
843:
836:
828:
825:
824:
823:
822:
817:
812:
804:
803:
800:
799:
798:
797:
795:Deconstruction
792:
782:
781:
780:
775:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
739:
734:
733:
730:
729:
726:
725:
720:
715:
710:
702:
701:
693:
692:
687:
682:
677:
675:Remote Sensing
672:
670:Photogrammetry
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
635:Geomathematics
632:
627:
626:
625:
620:
615:
605:
600:
599:
598:
593:
580:
579:
571:
566:
565:
562:
561:
558:
557:
555:Time geography
552:
547:
542:
537:
528:
523:
522:
519:
518:
515:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
492:Geoinformatics
489:
484:
475:
470:
469:
466:
465:
462:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
403:
390:
389:
388:
383:
381:Phytogeography
378:
364:
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358:
355:
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351:
350:
345:
340:
335:
334:
333:
328:
323:
313:
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99:September 2014
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4977:
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4888:
4885:
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4874:
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4857:
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4853:
4852:
4849:
4848:
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4842:
4836:
4833:
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4823:
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4817:
4815:
4811:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4778:
4774:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4717:Geostatistics
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4687:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4680:Geochronology
4678:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4643:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4605:
4601:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4557:
4553:
4547:
4544:
4541:
4537:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4510:
4509:Geomorphology
4507:
4505:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4480:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4462:
4459:
4458:
4457:
4456:Earth science
4454:
4452:
4448:
4445:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4418:
4414:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4293:
4289:
4286:
4282:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4249:
4245:
4242:
4235:
4230:
4228:
4223:
4221:
4216:
4215:
4212:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4189:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4119:Rudolf Carnap
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4054:Auguste Comte
4052:
4051:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4026:Francis Bacon
4024:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4003:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3955:
3954:Pseudoscience
3952:
3951:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3905:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3867:
3864:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3835:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3813:Structuralism
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3776:
3775:Received view
3773:
3771:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3746:
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3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3683:Contextualism
3681:
3679:
3676:
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3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
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3524:
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3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
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3470:
3468:
3465:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3453:
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3426:
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3416:
3414:
3411:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3360:
3355:
3353:
3348:
3346:
3341:
3340:
3337:
3325:
3324:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3251:Miscellaneous
3249:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3149:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3058:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2947:Miscellaneous
2945:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2933:Structuralism
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2918:Postmodernism
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2908:Phenomenology
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2845:Vienna Circle
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2775:Moral realism
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2619:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2577:Phenomenology
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2517:Individualism
2515:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2478:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2383:
2382:Judeo-Islamic
2380:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2358:ʿIlm al-Kalām
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2317:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2307:Shuddhadvaita
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2268:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2241:Scholasticism
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2055:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1864:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1741:
1737:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1692:Conceptualism
1690:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1621:Particularism
1619:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1588:Functionalism
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1573:Eliminativism
1571:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1478:Compatibilism
1476:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1417:Particularism
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1264:
1259:
1257:
1252:
1250:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1210:
1206:
1200:
1197:
1192:
1186:
1170:
1164:
1161:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1120:
1111:
1108:
1101:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1029:
1026:
1015:
1012:
1006:
1001:
998:
987:
982:
980:
978:
974:
970:
965:
963:
958:
956:
953:the field of
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
923:
921:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
882:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
849:
844:
842:
837:
835:
830:
829:
827:
826:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
807:
806:
805:
796:
793:
791:
788:
787:
786:
785:Postmodernism
783:
779:
776:
774:
773:Structuralism
771:
770:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
740:
737:
732:
731:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
705:
700:
696:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
640:Geostatistics
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
610:
609:
606:
604:
603:Geochronology
601:
597:
594:
592:
589:
588:
587:
584:
583:
578:
574:
569:
564:
563:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
532:
531:
526:
521:
520:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
479:
478:
473:
468:
467:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
425:Geomorphology
423:
421:
418:
416:
415:Earth science
413:
411:
407:
404:
402:
398:
394:
391:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
373:
372:
369:
368:
367:
362:
357:
356:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
318:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
238:
237:
232:
227:
226:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
170:
167:
162:
161:
156:
153:
151:
148:
147:
146:
145:
139:
135:
134:
131:
127:
123:
122:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
4931:
4919:
4907:
4895:
4856:Geo-literacy
4813:Institutions
4695:Internet GIS
4655:Quantitative
4532:Soil science
4451:Oceanography
4440:Zoogeography
4425:Biogeography
4300:Agricultural
4264:
4164:Larry Laudan
4144:Imre Lakatos
4099:Otto Neurath
4074:Karl Pearson
4064:Pierre Duhem
4036:Isaac Newton
3966:Protoscience
3924:Epistemology
3880:
3798:Anti-realism
3796: /
3777: /
3768: /
3754: /
3752:Reductionism
3750: /
3723:Inductionism
3703:Evolutionism
3508:
3395:a posteriori
3394:
3390:
3316:
3302:
2973:
2964:Postcritique
2954:Kyoto School
2913:Posthumanism
2893:Hermeneutics
2748: /
2689:Contemporary
2665:Newtonianism
2628:Cartesianism
2587:Reductionism
2423:Conservatism
2418:Collectivism
2356:
2084:Sarvāstivadā
2062:Anekantavada
1987:Neoplatonism
1955:Epicureanism
1888:Pythagoreans
1827:Confucianism
1793:Contemporary
1783:Early modern
1687:Anti-realism
1641:Universalism
1598:Subjectivism
1394:Epistemology
1213:. Retrieved
1209:the original
1199:
1173:. Retrieved
1163:
1131:
1127:
1118:
1110:
1072:
1064:
1039:Space portal
976:
972:
968:
966:
961:
959:
949:
945:
941:
929:
927:
917:
909:
906:David Harvey
889:
883:
871:metaphysical
858:
857:
735:
618:Internet GIS
577:Quantitative
529:
476:
410:Oceanography
386:Zoogeography
371:Biogeography
365:
241:Agricultural
235:
173:Graeco-Roman
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
4933:WikiProject
4785:Ethnography
4777:Qualitative
4737:Map algebra
4732:Hydrography
4673:Web mapping
4663:Cartography
4475:Climatology
4465:Meteorology
4320:Development
4154:Ian Hacking
4139:Thomas Kuhn
4124:Karl Popper
4104:C. D. Broad
4021:Roger Bacon
3949:Non-science
3891:Linguistics
3871:Archaeology
3766:Rationalism
3756:Determinism
3743:Physicalism
3708:Fallibilism
3658:Coherentism
3588:Testability
3541:Observation
3536:Objectivity
3497:alternative
3428:Correlation
3418:Consilience
2959:Objectivism
2898:Neo-Marxism
2860:Continental
2770:Meta-ethics
2750:Coherentism
2655:Hegelianism
2592:Rationalism
2552:Natural law
2532:Materialism
2458:Historicism
2428:Determinism
2319:Navya-Nyāya
2094:Sautrāntika
2089:Pudgalavada
2025:Vaisheshika
1878:Presocratic
1778:Renaissance
1717:Physicalism
1702:Materialism
1608:Normativity
1593:Objectivism
1578:Emergentism
1568:Behaviorism
1517:Metaphysics
1483:Determinism
1422:Rationalism
898:cartography
875:axiological
820:Geographers
708:Ethnography
699:Qualitative
660:Map algebra
655:Hydrography
596:Web mapping
586:Cartography
439:Hydrography
393:Climatology
261:Development
4949:Categories
4790:Geopoetics
4604:Integrated
4540:Edaphology
4518:Glaciology
4493:Geophysics
4488:Geobiology
4375:Settlement
4365:Population
4335:Historical
4305:Behavioral
4265:Philosophy
4041:David Hume
4014:Precursors
3896:Psychology
3876:Economics
3770:Empiricism
3761:Pragmatism
3748:Positivism
3738:Naturalism
3608:scientific
3492:Hypothesis
3455:Experiment
3258:Amerindian
3165:Australian
3104:Vietnamese
3084:Indonesian
2633:Kantianism
2582:Positivism
2572:Pragmatism
2547:Naturalism
2527:Liberalism
2505:Subjective
2443:Empiricism
2347:Avicennism
2292:Bhedabheda
2176:East Asian
2099:Madhyamaka
2079:Abhidharma
1945:Pyrrhonism
1712:Nominalism
1707:Naturalism
1636:Skepticism
1626:Relativism
1616:Absolutism
1545:Naturalism
1455:Deontology
1427:Skepticism
1412:Naturalism
1402:Empiricism
1366:Aesthetics
1270:Philosophy
1134:(1): 1–2.
1102:References
877:issues in
863:philosophy
743:Behavioral
713:Geopoetics
430:Glaciology
316:Settlement
306:Population
276:Historical
246:Behavioral
69:newspapers
4844:Education
4762:Surveying
4584:Geomatics
4564:Geodesign
4556:Technical
4527:Limnology
4523:Hydrology
4402:Strategic
4385:Transport
4360:Political
4350:Marketing
4310:Cognitive
4241:Geography
3881:Geography
3849:Chemistry
3808:Scientism
3603:ladenness
3423:Construct
3401:Causality
3137:Pakistani
3099:Taiwanese
3046:Ethiopian
3019:By region
3005:By region
2820:Scientism
2815:Systemics
2675:Spinozism
2602:Socialism
2537:Modernism
2500:Objective
2408:Anarchism
2342:Averroism
2231:Christian
2183:Neotaoism
2154:Zurvanism
2144:Mithraism
2139:Mazdakism
1910:Cyrenaics
1837:Logicians
1470:Free will
1432:Solipsism
1379:Formalism
1148:154330491
879:geography
810:Societies
778:Semiotics
768:Modernism
685:Surveying
502:Geomatics
482:Geodesign
449:Limnology
435:Hydrology
343:Strategic
326:Transport
301:Political
291:Marketing
251:Cognitive
130:Geography
4897:Category
4536:Pedology
4417:Physical
4380:Regional
4370:Religion
4355:Military
4345:Language
4340:Internet
4325:Economic
4315:Cultural
4284:Branches
4255:Glossary
4176:Category
3828:Vitalism
3651:Theories
3625:Variable
3546:Paradigm
3433:function
3391:A priori
3380:Analysis
3373:Concepts
3323:Category
3278:Yugoslav
3268:Romanian
3175:Scottish
3160:American
3089:Japanese
3069:Buddhist
3051:Africana
3041:Egyptian
2883:Feminist
2805:Rawlsian
2800:Quietism
2698:Analytic
2650:Krausism
2557:Nihilism
2522:Kokugaku
2485:Absolute
2480:Idealism
2468:Humanism
2256:Occamism
2223:European
2168:Medieval
2114:Yogacara
2074:Buddhist
2067:Syādvāda
1950:Stoicism
1915:Cynicism
1903:Sophists
1898:Atomists
1893:Eleatics
1832:Legalism
1773:Medieval
1697:Idealism
1651:Ontology
1631:Nihilism
1535:Idealism
1293:Branches
1282:Branches
1185:cite web
1152:Archived
1081:Geosophy
983:See also
908:'s 1969
902:geosophy
753:Feminist
748:Critical
454:Pedology
321:Regional
311:Religion
296:Military
286:Language
281:Internet
266:Economic
256:Cultural
4921:Commons
4700:Web GIS
4569:Geodesy
4513:Geology
4497:Geodesy
4430:Ecology
4407:Tourism
4275:Outline
4260:History
3886:History
3854:Physics
3844:Biology
3642:more...
3630:control
3526:Inquiry
3273:Russian
3242:Spanish
3237:Slovene
3227:Maltese
3222:Italian
3202:Finland
3170:British
3152:Western
3142:Turkish
3127:Islamic
3122:Iranian
3074:Chinese
3061:Eastern
3028:African
2975:more...
2660:Marxism
2490:British
2433:Dualism
2329:Islamic
2287:Advaita
2277:Vedanta
2251:Scotism
2246:Thomism
2188:Tiantai
2131:Persian
2119:Tibetan
2109:Śūnyatā
2050:Cārvāka
2040:Ājīvika
2035:Mīmāṃsā
2015:Samkhya
1930:Academy
1883:Ionians
1857:Yangism
1814:Chinese
1805:Ancient
1768:Western
1763:Ancient
1722:Realism
1679:Reality
1669:Process
1550:Realism
1530:Dualism
1525:Atomism
1407:Fideism
758:Marxist
623:Web GIS
568:Methods
487:Geodesy
420:Geology
376:Ecology
348:Tourism
183:Islamic
178:Chinese
155:Outline
83:scholar
4909:Portal
4397:Social
4330:Health
4244:topics
3598:choice
3593:Theory
3531:Nature
3460:design
3232:Polish
3212:German
3207:French
3192:Danish
3182:Canada
3132:Jewish
3094:Korean
3079:Indian
2621:People
2542:Monism
2495:German
2463:Holism
2396:Modern
2374:Jewish
2297:Dvaita
2270:Indian
2193:Huayan
2045:Ajñana
2002:Indian
1867:Greco-
1852:Taoism
1842:Mohism
1788:Modern
1755:By era
1744:By era
1659:Action
1540:Monism
1460:Virtue
1442:Ethics
1146:
924:Modern
873:, and
530:Fields
477:Fields
366:Fields
338:Social
271:Health
236:Fields
150:Portal
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
4390:Urban
4292:Human
4270:Index
3263:Aztec
3217:Greek
3197:Dutch
3187:Czech
3036:Bantu
2473:Anti-
2020:Nyaya
2010:Hindu
1870:Roman
1664:Event
1306:Logic
1215:8 May
1175:8 May
1155:(PDF)
1144:S2CID
1124:(PDF)
815:Index
331:Urban
90:JSTOR
76:books
3502:null
3472:Fact
3393:and
2364:Sufi
2198:Chan
2057:Jain
2030:Yoga
1560:Mind
1500:Hard
1488:Hard
1217:2018
1191:link
1177:2018
928:The
912:and
62:news
2638:Neo
2203:Zen
1136:doi
45:by
4951::
4525:/
4511:/
4495:/
4481:/
4477:/
4463:/
4449:/
1187:}}
1183:{{
1150:.
1142:.
1132:14
1130:.
1126:.
869:,
437:/
408:/
399:/
395:/
4542:)
4538:/
4534:(
4233:e
4226:t
4219:v
3358:e
3351:t
3344:v
1262:e
1255:t
1248:v
1219:.
1193:)
1179:.
1138::
1117:"
847:e
840:t
833:v
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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