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line, the exchange sends the ringing signal. When the called party picks up the handset, they actuate a double-circuit switchhook (not shown) which may simultaneously disconnect the alerting device and connect the audio circuitry to the line. This, in turn, draws direct current through the line, confirming that the called phone is now active. The exchange circuitry turns off the ring signal, and both telephones are now active and connected through the exchange. The parties may now converse as long as both phones remain off hook. When a party hangs up, placing the handset back on the cradle or hook, direct current ceases in that line, signaling the exchange to disconnect the call.
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479:(A6), which blocks direct current and passes the alternating current of the ringing power. The telephone draws no current when it is on hook, while a DC voltage is continually applied to the line. Exchange circuitry (D2) can send an alternating current down the line to activate the ringer and announce an incoming call. In manual service exchange areas, before dial service was installed, telephones had hand-cranked
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microphone is turned into AC (in response to voice sounds) which then passes through only the upper branch of the coil's (A3) primary winding, which has far fewer turns than the lower primary winding. This causes a small portion of the microphone output to be fed back to the speaker, while the rest of the AC goes out through the phone line.
679:, so the perpetrator's phone number can still be discovered in many cases. However, this does not provide complete protection: harassers can use payphones, in some cases, automatic number identification itself can be spoofed or blocked, and mobile telephone abusers can (at some cost) use "throwaway" phones or SIMs.
542:(A3). The incoming audio signal passes through a resistor (A8) and the primary winding of the coil (A3) which passes it to the speaker (A1). Since the current path A8 – A3 has a far lower impedance than the microphone (A2), virtually all of the incoming signal passes through it and bypasses the microphone.
136:
A telephone call historically was between two live people. It has progressed to also include a live person and a recorded message, or a live person with an AI generated message. The term "call" is now broadly used for other connections over a network including audio calls and video calls when you are
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picks up the telephone's handset, thereby operating a lever that closes the hook switch (A4). This powers the telephone by connecting the transmission hybrid transformer, as well as the transmitter (microphone) and receiver (speaker) to the line. In this off-hook state, the telephone circuitry has a
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This event has been called Bell's "greatest success", as it demonstrated the first successful use of the telephone. Although it was his greatest success, he refused to have a telephone in his own home because it was something he invented by mistake and saw it as a distraction from his main studies.
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or presses buttons for the phone number needed to complete the call, and the call is routed to the phone which has that number. The second phone makes a ringing noise to alert its owner, while the user of the first phone hears a ringing noise in its earpiece. If the second phone is picked up, then
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to generate a ringing voltage back to the exchange or any other telephone on the same line. When a landline telephone is inactive (on hook), the circuitry at the telephone exchange detects the absence of direct current to indicate that the line is not in use. When a party initiates a call to this
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charge for the telephone connection and does not pay any additional charge for all calls made. Telecommunication liberalization has been established in several countries to allows customers to keep their local phone provider and use an alternate provider for a certain call in order to save money.
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At the same time the DC voltage across the line causes a DC current which is split between the resistor-coil (A8-A3) branch and the microphone-coil (A2-A3) branch. The DC current through the resistor-coil branch has no effect on the incoming audio signal. But the DC current passing through the
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or a private network called a . In most cases a private network is connected to the public network in order to allow PBX users to dial the outside world. Incoming calls to a private network arrive at the PBX in two ways: either directly to a users phone using a
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or overflow busy tone) signifying that there is congestion in the telephone network, or possibly that the calling subscriber has delayed too long in dialling all the necessary digits. The fast busy signal is generally twice as fast as the normal busy
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A typical phone call using a traditional phone is placed by picking the phone handset up off the base and holding the handset so that the hearing end is next to the user's ear and the speaking end is within range of the mouth. The caller then
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Caller ID provides some protection against unwanted calls, but can still be turned off by the calling party. Even where end-user Caller ID is not available, calls are still logged, both in billing records at the originating telco and via
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594:(or engaged tone) signifying that the called party's telephone is being used in a telephone call to another person (or is "off the hook" though no number has been dialled, i.e. the customer does not want to be disturbed)
460:(A5), sending electrical pulses, that the exchange counts to decode each digit of the telephone number. If the called party's line is available, the terminating exchange applies an intermittent alternating current (AC)
370:. Other services, such as toll-free dial-around enable callers to initiate a telephone call through a third party without exchanging phone numbers. Originally, no phone calls could be made without first talking to the
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Along with the microphone and speaker, additional circuitry is incorporated to prevent the incoming speaker signal and the outgoing microphone signal from interfering with each other. This is accomplished through a
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the operators of the two units are able to talk to one another through them. If the phone is not picked up, the operator of the first phone continues to hear a ringing noise until they hang up their own phone.
307:(Residential subscribers only). In most other areas, all telephone calls are charged a fee for the connection. Fees depend on the provider of the service, the type of service being used (a call placed from a
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will have a different rate) and the distance between the calling and the called parties. In most circumstances, the calling party pays this fee. However, in some circumstances such as a reverse charge or
526:. The resulting current is transmitted along the telephone line to the local exchange then on to the other phone (via the local exchange or via a larger network), where it passes through the
149:. Bell demonstrated his ability to "talk with electricity" by transmitting a call to his assistant, Thomas Watson. The first words transmitted were "Mr Watson, come here. I want to see you."
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at a greater cost to the calling party), minute minder beeps (to inform the caller of the relative duration of the telephone call on calls that are charged on a time basis), and others
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these components may be located in the base or in a separate enclosure. Powered by the line, the microphone (A2) produces a modulated electric current which varies its
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to indicate they should begin dialing the desired number. In some (now very rare) cases, if the calling party cannot dial calls directly, they will be connected to an
420:". The off-hook components include a transmitter (microphone, A2), a receiver (speaker, A1), and other circuits for dialing, filtering (A3), and amplification.
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In addition to the traditional method of placing a telephone call, new technologies allow different methods for initiating a telephone call, such as
133:. Telephone calls are typically used for real-time conversation between two or more parties, especially when the parties cannot meet in person.
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436:(DC) in the line (C) from the telephone exchange. The exchange detects this current, attaches a digit receiver circuit to the line, and sends
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is a telephone designed for testing the telephone network and may be attached directly to aerial lines and other infrastructure components.
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contains a switchhook (A4) and an alerting device, usually a ringer (A7), that remains connected to the phone line whenever the phone is "
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or indirectly via a receptionist who will answer the call first and then manually put the caller through to the desired user on the PBX.
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of 40 to 90 volts to alert the called party of the incoming call. If the called party's line is in use, however, the exchange returns a
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121:. Telephone calls started in the late 19th century. As technology has improved, a majority of telephone calls are made over a
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In most landline telephones, the transmitter and receiver (microphone and speaker) are located in the handset, although in a
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generally do not use dial tones, because the technology used to transmit the dialed number is different from a landline.
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If the caller's wired phone is connected directly to the calling party, when the caller takes their telephone
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a tone (sometimes the busy signal, often the dial tone) to signify that the called party has hung up.
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374:. Using 21st century mobile phones does not require the use of an operator to complete a phone call.
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is becoming more common for placing or receiving a call. Headsets can either come with a cord or be
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416:" (i.e. the switch (A4) is open), and other components which are connected when the phone is "
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829:"Rise and fall of the landline: 143 years of telephones becoming more accessible – and smart"
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Unsolicited telephone calls are a modern nuisance. Common kinds of unwanted calls include
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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if the phone has been picked up but no number dialed for an extended period of time.
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The electromechanical ringer of a telephone (A7) is connected to the line through a
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to establish the end to end connection. Calls through PBX networks are set up using
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lines which establish connections between exchanges. In modern telephone networks,
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Preceding, during, and after a traditional telephone call is placed, certain
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to the calling party. If the called party's line is in use but subscribes to
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947:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 547–57.
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or any combination thereof. When a telephone call has more than one
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signifying that the called party has yet to answer the telephone
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or wired telephone will have one rate, and a call placed from a
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using your voice to communicate, as opposed to typing / text.
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Connection between two or more people over a telephone network
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telephone switching systems were simulated by a Red box or a
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Calls to parties beyond the local exchange are carried over
30:"Phone call" redirects here. For the 2013 British film, see
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Calls may be placed through a public network (such as the
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may be used for communication over very long distances.
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The first telephone call was made on March 10, 1876, by
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signify the progress and status of the telephone call:
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Most telephone calls through the PSTN are set up using
632:" to illegally make or receive free trunk/toll calls.
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the original sound waves present at the transmitter.
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259:signalling messages or one of its variants between
173:when the calling party and called party are using
573:signifying that the system is ready to accept a
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773:"Telcon" is also used as an abbreviation for
362:technology allows calls to be made through a
279:Some types of calls are not charged, such as
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857:"March 10, 1876: 'Mr. Watson, Come Here ...
2236:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
931:Kempe, Harry Robert; Garcke, Emile (1911).
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428:low resistance of typically less than 300
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440:to indicate its readiness. On a modern
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388:A special number can be dialed for
125:through mobile phones or over the
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241:Public Switched Telephone Network
181:transmission when they are using
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1871:Free-space optical communication
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597:a fast busy signal (also called
169:transmission using a telephone,
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855:Alfred, Randy (10 March 2008).
827:Zagorsky, Jay L. (2019-03-14).
677:automatic number identification
423:To place a telephone call, the
236:who places the call for them.
1:
2257:Telecommunication portal
2038:Telecommunications equipment
1187:Telecommunication portal
1774:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
432:, which causes the flow of
341:being used for a phone call
243:) provided by a commercial
185:machines. The call may use
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1478:Telecommunications history
735:Emergency telephone number
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109:), is a connection over a
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2086:Public Switched Telephone
1898:telecommunication circuit
1859:Fiber-optic communication
1604:Francis Blake (telephone)
1399:Optical telecommunication
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1062:Communications satellites
452:tones to the exchange. A
50:This article needs to be
1997:Orbital angular-momentum
1434:Satellite communications
1273:Communications satellite
910:"How VoIP Service Works"
696:Telephone call indicator
165:call may carry ordinary
157:Information transmission
1876:Molecular communication
1699:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
1528:Undersea telegraph line
1263:Cable protection system
1057:Cable protection system
944:Encyclopædia Britannica
750:Teletraffic engineering
366:, using a service like
201:it is referred to as a
2018:Communication protocol
1804:Charles Sumner Tainter
1619:Walter Houser Brattain
1564:Edwin Howard Armstrong
1372:Information revolution
912:. United World Telecom
620:tones used by earlier
522:waves arriving at its
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337:An early 21st century
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91:telephone conversation
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77:An early 20th century
1992:Polarization-division
1724:Narinder Singh Kapany
1689:Erna Schneider Hoover
1609:Jagadish Chandra Bose
1589:Alexander Graham Bell
1320:online video platform
1197:Telephones portal
806:thefreedictionary.com
691:U.S. patent 2,813,154
454:rotary-dial telephone
442:push-button telephone
403:
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209:or Rural phone line.
147:Alexander Graham Bell
81:used for a phone call
79:candlestick telephone
76:
1834:Vladimir K. Zworykin
1794:Almon Brown Strowger
1764:Charles Grafton Page
1419:Prepaid mobile phone
1347:Electrical telegraph
1159:Telephone newspapers
775:telephone conference
577:and connect the call
501:Satellite technology
396:Details of operation
372:Switchboard operator
141:First telephone call
1784:Johann Philipp Reis
1543:Wireless revolution
1505:The Telephone Cases
1362:Hydraulic telegraph
1082:Mobile phone signal
698:"—November 12, 1957
669:obscene phone calls
518:in response to the
390:operator assistance
261:telephone exchanges
97:), also known as a
1982:Frequency-division
1959:Telephone exchange
1829:Charles Wheatstone
1759:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
1734:Innocenzo Manzetti
1669:Reginald Fessenden
1404:Optical telegraphy
1237:Telecommunications
1072:Free-space optical
497:digital technology
481:magneto generators
410:landline telephone
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2033:Store and forward
2028:Data transmission
1942:Network switching
1893:Transmission line
1739:Guglielmo Marconi
1704:Internet pioneers
1569:Mohamed M. Atalla
1538:Whistled language
1203:
1202:
1036:Answering machine
934:"Telephone"
890:. How Stuff Works
717:Telephones portal
551:lineman's handset
493:fiber-optic cable
245:telephone company
171:data transmission
111:telephone network
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2056:Cellular network
2048:Types of network
2023:Computer network
1910:Network topology
1824:Thomas A. Watson
1679:Oliver Heaviside
1664:Philo Farnsworth
1639:Daniel Davis Jr.
1614:Charles Bourseul
1574:John Logie Baird
1283:Data compression
1278:Computer network
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1533:Videotelephony
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1123:Misdialed call
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984:
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939:Chisholm, Hugh
923:
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740:Pocket dialing
737:
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684:
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653:Main article:
650:
649:Unwanted calls
647:
640:
639:
633:
618:
615:
605:
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603:
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588:
578:
558:
555:
462:ringing signal
434:direct current
397:
394:
330:
329:Placing a call
327:
297:United Kingdom
276:
273:
158:
155:
142:
139:
87:telephone call
69:
68:
49:
47:
40:
32:The Phone Call
26:
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14:
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2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2009:
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2002:Code-division
2000:
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1987:Time-division
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1913:and switching
1911:
1907:
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1887:
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1879:
1877:
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1869:
1865:
1864:optical fiber
1862:
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1857:
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1854:Coaxial cable
1852:
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1769:Radia Perlman
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1660:
1659:Lee de Forest
1657:
1655:
1654:Thomas Edison
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1644:Donald Davies
1642:
1640:
1637:
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1632:
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1629:Claude Chappe
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1474:
1473:Smoke signals
1471:
1467:
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1452:
1451:Semiconductor
1449:
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1310:Digital media
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1129:
1128:Nuisance call
1126:
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1078:
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1067:Fibre-optical
1065:
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849:
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830:
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808:. Farlex, Inc
807:
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707:
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697:
692:
688:Rabinow, J.,
687:
686:
682:
680:
678:
672:
670:
666:
665:telemarketing
662:
656:
655:Nuisance call
648:
646:
644:
637:
636:off-hook tone
634:
631:
630:phone phreaks
627:
623:
619:
616:
613:
612:trunk dialled
609:
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498:
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482:
478:
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
458:pulse dialing
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
426:
425:calling party
421:
419:
415:
411:
402:
395:
393:
391:
386:
384:
380:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
360:Voice over IP
357:
356:voice dialing
352:
349:
340:
335:
328:
326:
323:
319:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
289:United States
286:
282:
274:
272:
271:or variants.
270:
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140:
138:
134:
132:
131:Voice over IP
128:
124:
120:
119:calling party
116:
112:
108:
105:(or simply a
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
80:
75:
65:
53:
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
1969:Multiplexing
1844:Transmission
1809:Nikola Tesla
1799:Henry Sutton
1754:Samuel Morse
1684:Robert Hooke
1649:Amos Dolbear
1584:John Bardeen
1503:
1483:Telautograph
1387:Mobile phone
1342:Edholm's law
1325:social media
1258:Broadcasting
1164:Théâtrophone
1153:
1142:Applications
1050:Connectivity
1010:Mobile phone
942:
926:
914:. Retrieved
904:
892:. Retrieved
886:Roos, Dave.
881:
870:. Retrieved
864:
836:. Retrieved
832:
822:
810:. Retrieved
805:
769:
695:
673:
658:
641:
608:status tones
599:reorder tone
585:ringing tone
560:
548:
544:
536:
508:speakerphone
505:
486:
474:
470:call waiting
446:called party
422:
407:
387:
376:
353:
348:rotary dials
344:
339:mobile phone
318:collect call
278:
254:
238:
223:
220:on the phone
199:called party
191:mobile phone
160:
151:
144:
135:
115:called party
113:between the
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
84:
59:
51:
2313:Teletraffic
2169:NPL network
1881:Radio waves
1819:Alfred Vail
1729:Hedy Lamarr
1714:Dawon Kahng
1674:Elisha Gray
1634:Yogen Dalal
1559:Nasir Ahmed
1493:Teleprinter
1357:Heliographs
1169:Video calls
1118:Missed call
1029:Accessories
916:20 February
667:calls, and
661:prank calls
643:Cell phones
592:busy signal
540:hybrid coil
532:reproducing
466:busy signal
377:The use of
305:New Zealand
281:local calls
218:Gerald Ford
18:Phone calls
2302:Categories
2215:Antarctica
2174:Toasternet
2096:Television
1579:Paul Baran
1511:Television
1495:(teletype)
1488:Telegraphy
1466:transistor
1444:Phryctoria
1414:Photophone
1392:Smartphone
1382:Mass media
1020:Photophone
872:2013-03-18
838:2023-05-20
785:References
755:Video call
250:DDI number
207:party line
103:voice call
99:phone call
2308:Telephony
2199:Americas
2188:Locations
2159:Internet2
1920:Bandwidth
1624:Vint Cerf
1521:streaming
1499:Telephone
1439:Semaphore
1330:streaming
1133:Phone tag
1041:Caller ID
986:Telephony
628:used by "
571:dial tone
524:diaphragm
516:amplitude
512:frequency
477:capacitor
438:dial tone
322:flat rate
293:Hong Kong
187:land line
179:facsimile
163:telephone
2267:Category
2154:Internet
2144:CYCLADES
2061:Ethernet
2011:Concepts
1935:terminal
1886:wireless
1709:Bob Kahn
1552:Pioneers
1377:Internet
1268:Cable TV
1000:Landline
894:12 March
802:"TELCON"
703:See also
626:blue box
580:either:
418:off hook
383:wireless
379:headsets
309:landline
234:operator
226:off-hook
127:internet
117:and the
62:May 2023
2287:Commons
2277:Outline
2230:Oceania
2149:FidoNet
2134:ARPANET
1947:circuit
1516:digital
1245:History
941:(ed.).
812:27 June
683:Patents
602:signal.
414:on hook
404:Diagram
301:Ireland
52:updated
2225:Europe
2195:Africa
2179:Usenet
2139:BITNET
2076:Mobile
1952:packet
1461:MOSFET
1456:device
1253:Beacon
622:inband
287:, the
285:Canada
175:modems
95:telcon
2208:South
2203:North
2164:JANET
2101:Telex
2091:Radio
1930:Nodes
1925:Links
1846:media
1424:Radio
1409:Pager
1337:Drums
1303:video
1298:image
1288:audio
1111:Calls
993:Types
937:. In
866:Wired
859:'
761:Notes
563:tones
557:Tones
520:sound
489:trunk
456:uses
368:Skype
275:Costs
269:DPNSS
177:, or
167:voice
129:with
2220:Asia
2106:UUCP
2066:ISDN
1102:VoIP
1092:PSTN
1087:POTS
1077:ISDN
918:2014
896:2011
814:2022
528:coil
514:and
495:and
450:DTMF
430:ohms
408:The
265:QSIG
257:ISUP
230:tone
107:call
93:(or
2111:WAN
2081:NGN
2071:LAN
1352:Fax
1293:DCT
694:- "
303:or
183:fax
101:or
89:or
2304::
863:.
847:^
831:.
804:.
793:^
671:.
663:,
590:a
583:a
569:a
549:A
385:.
364:PC
358:.
299:,
295:,
291:,
267:,
193:,
189:,
161:A
85:A
2238:)
2234:(
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1222:t
1215:v
978:e
971:t
964:v
920:.
898:.
875:.
861:"
841:.
816:.
777:.
64:)
60:(
54:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
