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would usually be exempt from rounding harmony. As a result of counter-bleeding opacity, the apparent motivation for the vowel harmony has disappeared here. Moreover, as a result of counter-feeding opacity, it cannot be told from the surface structure of the suffix vowel why it fails to harmonize in
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798:/ flapped to . This output therefore has immediately followed by a voiced consonant, even though the rule that produces only applies before voiceless consonants. The interaction is thus
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order of two or more phonological rules, which is called "counter-feeding opacity" or "counter-bleeding opacity". An example of both can be seen in the
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Kiparsky, Paul (1973). "Abstractness, opacity and global rules (Part 2 of 'Phonological representations')". In
Fujimura, Osamu (ed.).
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between the suffix vowel and a preceding high vowel as these vowels agree in roundedness, while a vowel with the
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Baković, Eric (2011). "Opacity and ordering". In
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and other dialects. Before voiceless consonants such as , the diphthong /
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that exists in a given language appears to be contradicted by the
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638:{\displaystyle A\rightarrow B/C{\underline {\quad }}D}
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553:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
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may be too technical for most readers to understand
758:is pronounced . In some contexts between vowels, /
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905:John A. Goldsmith, Jason Riggle, Alan C. L. Yu,
810:Phonological opacity is often the result of the
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754:/ is raised to sound more like , so the word
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730:A common example is the interaction of the
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719:{\displaystyle C{\underline {\quad }}D}
677:{\displaystyle C{\underline {\quad }}D}
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877:Three Dimensions of Linguistic Theory
786:rules apply and the result is —with /
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581:. Opacity exists when a
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596:A phonological rule
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353:Construction grammar
909:, 2Nd Edition, 2011
577:is a phenomenon in
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921:Categories
862:References
835:high vowel
738:/ and the
458:Orismology
343:Functional
331:Generative
321:Dependency
141:Pragmatics
131:Morphology
121:Diachronic
927:Phonology
839:mid vowel
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774:, where /
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611:→
579:phonology
433:Iconicity
428:Etymology
348:Cognitive
311:Formalist
264:Phonetics
254:Philology
146:Semantics
136:Phonology
847:lowering
843:rounding
841:. Vowel
732:flapping
591:Kiparsky
559:/ /
555:Help:IPA
234:Forensic
214:Distance
161:Typology
76:a series
74:Part of
855:feature
829:in the
772:writing
768:padding
764:patting
740:raising
653:in the
547:in the
189:Applied
99:History
94:Outline
35:Please
824:suffix
820:future
800:opaque
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504:Portal
402:Topics
151:Syntax
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746:/ in
551:(IPA)
104:Index
784:both
742:of /
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286:and
279:Text
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814:or
792:and
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788:aÉŞ
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744:aÉŞ
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