123:
637:
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370:
864:. Females become sexually mature by their third or fourth year and can calve each year for several consecutive years, being pregnant and lactating at the same time. The gestation of the porpoise is typically 10–11 months. Most births occur in late spring and summer. Calves are weaned after 8–12 months. Their average life-span in the wild is 8–13 years, although exceptionally individuals have reached up to 20, and in captivity up to 28 years. In a study of 239 dead harbour porpoises in the Gulf of Maine–Bay of Fundy, the vast majority were less than 12 years old and the oldest was 17.
630:
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lateral movements during the day and deeper dives during the night. The construction of thousands of offshore wind turbines, planned in different areas of North Sea, is known to cause displacement of porpoises from the construction site, particularly if steel monopile foundations are installed by percussive piling, where reactions can occur at distances of more than 20 km (11 nmi). Noise levels from operating wind turbines are low and unlikely to affect porpoises, even at close range.
917:, Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Saint Lawrence. The drive hunt in the Little Belt strait is the best documented example. Thousands of porpoises were caught there until the end of the 19th century (it was banned in 1899), and again in smaller scale during the shortages that occurred in World War I and World War II. A similar, short-lived re-emergence of hunting during the world wars happened in Poland and the Baltic countries. Currently, the species is only hunted as part of the traditional
208:
873:
137:
183:
161:
771:
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587: in) long at birth, weighing 6.4–10 kg. Adults of both sexes grow to 1.4 to 1.9 m (4 ft 7 in to 6 ft 3 in). The females are heavier, with a maximum weight of around 76 kg (168 lb) compared with the males' 61 kg (134 lb). The body is robust, and the animal is at its maximum girth just in front of its triangular
980:. Porpoise-scaring devices, so-called pingers, have been developed to keep porpoises out of nets and numerous studies have demonstrated they are very effective at reducing entanglement. However, concern has been raised over the noise pollution created by the pingers and whether their efficiency will diminish over time due to porpoises habituating to the sounds.
1117:
750:; the latter region alone is home to about 107,000-300,000 harbour porpoises. The entire North Sea population is about 335,000. In the Western Atlantic it is estimated that there are about 33,000 harbour porpoises along the mid-southwestern coast of Greenland (where increasing temperatures have aided them), 75,000 between the
811:. They will, however, eat squid and crustaceans in certain places. This species tends to feed close to the sea bottom, at least for waters less than 200 metres (110 fathoms) deep. However, when hunting sprat, porpoise may stay closer to the surface. When in deeper waters, porpoises may forage for mid-water fish, such as
961:
is considered the main anthropogenic mortality factor for harbour porpoises worldwide. Several thousand die each year in incidental bycatch, which has been reported from the Black Sea, the Baltic Sea, the North Sea, off
California, and along the east coast of the United States and Canada. Bottom-set
721:
reviewed the status of the species in 2018. It concluded that the harbour porpoise population structure is more complex than previously thought, with at least three genetically distinct subspecies in the North
Atlantic. Given the structure of the harbour porpoise population, the workshop delineated
1091:), the Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans in the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Contiguous Atlantic Area (ACCOBAMS) and the Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Conservation of the Manatee and Small Cetaceans of Western Africa and Macaronesia (Western African Aquatic Mammals MoU).
818:
Harbour porpoises tend to be solitary foragers, but they do sometimes hunt in packs and herd fish together. Young porpoises need to consume about 7% to 8% of their body weight each day to survive, which is approximately 15 pounds or 7 kilograms of fish. Significant predators of harbour porpoises
1010:
from ship traffic and oil platforms is thought to affect the distribution of toothed whales, like the harbour porpoise, that use echolocation for communication and prey detection. Noise from shipping traffic, particularly busy sea lanes, appears to instigate evasive behavior, with predominantly
855:
Some studies suggest porpoises are relatively sedentary and usually do not leave a certain area for long. Nevertheless, they have been recorded to move from onshore to offshore waters along coast. Dives of 220 metres (120 fathoms) by harbour porpoises have been recorded. Dives can last five
815:. A study published in 2016 showed that porpoises off the coast of Denmark were hunting 200 fish per hour during the day and up to 550 per hour at night, catching 90% of the fish they targeted. Almost all the fish they ate were very small, between 3 and 10 cm (1–4 in) long.
859:
The social life of harbour porpoises is not well understood. They are generally seen as a solitary species. Most of the time, porpoises are either alone or in groups of no more than five animals. Porpoises mate promiscuously. Males produce large amounts of sperm, perhaps for
1027:
in their fat tissue. Porpoises have a coastal distribution that potentially brings them close to sources of pollution. Porpoises may not experience any toxic effects until they draw on their fat reserves, such as in periods of food shortage, migration or reproduction.
591:. The beak is poorly demarcated. The flippers, dorsal fin, tail fin and back are a dark grey. The sides are a slightly speckled, lighter grey. The underside is much whiter, though there are usually grey stripes running along the throat from the underside of the body.
620:
The vocalizations of the harbour porpoise is made up of short clicks from 0.5 to 5 milliseconds in bursts up to two seconds long. Each click has a frequency between 1000 and 2200 hertz. Aside from communication, the clicks are used for echolocation.
998:
may reduce preferred prey availability for porpoises. Overfishing resulting in the collapse of herring in the North Sea caused porpoises to hunt for other prey species. Reduction of prey may result from climate change, overfishing, or both.
2485:
Frankish, C.K.; von Benda-Beckmann, A.M.; Teilmann, J.; Tougaard, J.; Dietz, R.; Sveegaard, S.; Binnerts, B.; de Jong, C.A.; Nabe-Nielsen, J. (2023). "Ship noise causes tagged harbour porpoises to change direction or dive deeper".
1051:
The harbour porpoise populations of the North Sea, Baltic Sea, western North
Atlantic, Black Sea and North West Africa are protected under Appendix II of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals
762:. In contrast, some subpopulations are seriously threatened. For example, there are less than 12,000 in the Black Sea, and only about 500 remaining in the Baltic Sea proper, representing a sharp decrease since the mid-1900s.
758:, and 27,000 in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The Pacific population off mainland United States is about 73,000 and off Alaska 89,000. After sharp declines in the 20th century, populations have rebounded in the inland waters of
2750:" of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS). As amended by the Conference of the Parties in 1985, 1988, 1991, 1994, 1997, 1999, 2002, 2005 and 2008. Effective: 5 March 2009.
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647:. In the Atlantic, harbour porpoises may be present in a curved band of water running from the coast of West Africa to the coasts of Portugal, Spain, France, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Scandinavia,
949:
A harbour porpoise in captivity in
Denmark. The individuals at the center were rescued after being injured following entanglement in fishing gear, showing the danger nets can represent to the species
1424:
783:
Harbour porpoises prefer temperate and subarctic waters. They inhabit fjords, bays, estuaries and harbours, hence their name. They feed mostly on small pelagic schooling fish, particularly
2419:
Larsen, F (1999). The effect of acoustic alarms on the by-catch of harbour porpoises in the Danish North Sea gill net fishery. Paper SC/51/SM41 presented to the IWC Scientific
Committee
2562:
Tougaard, J.; Carstensen, J.; Teilmann, J.; Skov, H.; Rasmussen, P. (2009). "Pile driving zone of responsiveness extends beyond 20 km for harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena, (L.))".
1718:
2656:
Tougaard, J.; Henriksen, O. D.; Miller, L. A. (2009). "Underwater noise from three offshore wind turbines: estimation of impact zones for harbor porpoises and harbor seals".
1958:
Bleijswijk, Judith D. L. van; Begeman, Lineke; Witte, Harry J.; IJsseldijk, Lonneke L.; Brasseur, Sophie M. J. M.; Gröne, Andrea; Leopold, Mardik F. (22 October 2014).
609:
Although conjoined twins are rarely seen in wild mammals, the first known case of a two-headed harbour porpoise was documented in May 2017 when Dutch fishermen in the
1036:
An increase in the temperature of the sea water is likely to affect the distribution of porpoises and their prey, but has not been shown to occur. Reduced stocks of
839:
attack and kill harbour porpoises without eating them due to competition for a decreasing food supply. An alternative explanation is that the adult dolphins exhibit
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nautical miles) in length. It is unknown why porpoises become entangled in gill nets, since several studies indicate they are able to detect these nets using their
2693:"Linking sandeel consumption and the likelihood of starvation in harbour porpoises in the Scottish North Sea: could climate change mean more starving porpoises?"
5157:
1412:
1087:
In addition, the harbour porpoise is covered by the
Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans of the Baltic, North East Atlantic, Irish and North Seas (
1040:
along the east coast of
Scotland, a pattern linked to climate change, appears to be the main reason for the increase in malnutrition in porpoises in the area.
594:
Many anomalously white coloured individuals have been confirmed, mostly in the North
Atlantic, but also notably around Turkish and British coasts, and in the
5382:
885:
Harbour porpoises were traditionally hunted for food, as well as for their blubber, which was used for lighting fuel. Among others, hunting occurred in the
663:
is limited in winter due to sea freezing, and is most common in the southwest parts of the sea. There is another band in the
Pacific Ocean running from the
2800:
Hammond, P.S.; Bearzi, G.; Bjørge, A.; Forney, K.; Karczmarski, L.; Kasuya, T.; Perrin, W.F.; Scott, M.D.; Wang, J.Y.; Wells, R.S.; et al. (2008).
1319:
1274:
IUCN (International Union for
Conservation of Nature) 2008. Phocoena phocoena. In: IUCN 2015. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.2.
5387:
2232:
Teilmann; Tougaard; Miller; Kirketerp; Hansen & Brando (2006). "Reactions of captive harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) to pinger-like sounds".
5407:
5328:
5040:
2531:"Impacts on harbour porpoises from offshore wind farm construction: Acoustic monitoring of echolocation activity using porpoise detectors (T-PODs)"
742:. Based on surveys in 1994, 2005 and 2016, the harbour porpoise population in this region is stable. The highest densities are in the southwestern
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738:
in Norway, found that the population was about 467,000 harbour porpoises, making it the most abundant cetacean in the region, together with the
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The harbour porpoise has a global population of at least 700,000. In 2016, a comprehensive survey of the Atlantic region in Europe, from
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bycatch seems to be less of an issue, probably because porpoises are not inclined to feed inside trawls, as dolphins are known to do.
5402:
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3021:
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Official website of the Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans in the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Contiguous Atlantic Area
1236:
Group, Species account by IUCN SSC Cetacean Specialist; Team, regional assessment by European Mammal Assessment (26 January 2007).
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Official website of the Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans of the Baltic, North East Atlantic, Irish and North Seas
1999:
Westgate, AJ; Read, AJ; Berggren, P; Koopman, HN; Gaskin, DE (1995). "Diving behaviour of harbour porpoises, Phocoena phocoena".
614:
1436:
Schevill, William E.; Watkins, William A.; Ray, Carleton (November 1969). "Click Structure in the Porpoise, Phocoena phocoena".
1387:
1362:
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5412:
4043:
333:
369:
5123:
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428:. This porpoise often ventures up rivers, and has been seen hundreds of kilometres from the sea. The harbour porpoise may be
5346:
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4767:
2990:
Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Conservation of the Manatee and Small Cetaceans of Western Africa and Macaronesia
2935:
551:
5144:
4184:
3909:
3900:
1144:
424:. As its name implies, it stays close to coastal areas or river estuaries, and as such, is the most familiar porpoise to
5397:
4713:
3730:
3721:
3653:
2466:
Santos, M.; Pierce, G. (1 January 2003). "The diet of harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in the Northeast Atlantic".
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4740:
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3918:
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Overall, the harbour porpoise is not considered threatened and the total population is in the hundreds of thousands.
4845:
4836:
3763:
3171:
2073:
Read, A.; Hohn, A.A. (1995). "Life in the fast lane: The life history of harbor propoises from the Gulf of Maine".
1320:"First records of anomalously white harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in the Turkish seas with a global review"
1911:"Evidence for infanticide in bottlenose dolphins: an explanation for violent interactions with harbour porpoises?"
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4630:
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4471:
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3927:
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The harbour porpoise species is widespread in cooler coastal waters of the North Atlantic, North Pacific and the
207:
1960:"Detection of grey seal Halichoerus grypus DNA in attack wounds on stranded harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena"
5447:
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1020:
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535:
The species is sometimes known as the common porpoise in texts originating in the United Kingdom. In parts of
5359:
1339:
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4388:
3572:
2974:
1574:
Report of Joint IMR/NAMMCO International Workshop on the Status of Harbour Porpoises in the North Atlantic.
4902:
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4749:
4704:
4589:
4397:
3474:
3456:
828:
4940:
1076:, they consider the Baltic Sea and Western African populations critically endangered, and the subspecies
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4011:
4002:
3234:
3014:
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945:
840:
656:
629:
312:
2691:
MacLeod, Colin D; Santos, M. Begoña; Reid, Robert J; Scott, Beth E; Pierce, Graham J (9 January 2007).
2267:
Kastelein, R.; Au, W. W. L. (2000). "Detection distances of bottom-set gill nets by harbour porpoises (
2371:
Kraus, S. D.; Read, A. J.; Solow, A.; Baldwin, K.; Spradlin, T.; Anderson, E.; Williamson, J. (1997).
1740:
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1971:
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2607:"Wind turbine underwater noise and marine mammals: Implications of current knowledge and data needs"
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3620:
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1622:
1214:
977:
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The populations in these regions are not continuous and are classified as separate subspecies with
150:
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3835:
3826:
3811:
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3522:
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2829:
2825:
2402:
2353:
1860:
1813:"Ultra-High Foraging Rates of Harbor Porpoises Make Them Vulnerable to Anthropogenic Disturbance"
1700:
1453:
1318:
Tonaya, M.A.; Bilginc, S.; Dedea, A. Akkayab A.; Yeşilçiçekc, T.; Kösec, Ö.; Ceylanc, Y. (2012).
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187:
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are also known to attack harbour porpoises by biting off chunks of fat as a high energy source.
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1940:
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703:
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2008:
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behaviour and mistake the porpoises for juvenile dolphins which they are believed to kill.
559:
The harbour porpoise is a little smaller than the other porpoises, at about 67–85 cm (
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3987:
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3960:
3850:
3465:
3447:
3429:
2747:
1762:
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Marine top predators like porpoises and seals accumulate pollutants such as heavy metals,
1007:
543:
word for sneeze; both of which refer to the sound made when porpoises surface to breathe.
536:
501:
487:
429:
5175:
3297:
2109:
2026:
2622:
2575:
2499:
2388:
2288:
2245:
2086:
1975:
1828:
1686:
1671:"Abundance of harbour porpoise and other cetaceans in the North Sea and adjacent waters"
953:
The main threat to porpoises is static fishing techniques such as gill and tangle nets.
440:
in the Black Sea and Sea of Azov, an unnamed population in the northwestern Pacific and
3868:
3635:
3507:
3498:
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3336:
3068:
2717:
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2094:
1935:
1910:
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North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission and the Norwegian Institute of Marine Research
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3121:
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1069:
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329:
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73:
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it is known colloquially as the puffing pig, and in Norway ‘nise’, derived from an
494:
2893:
2775:
1508:
Bjørge, A.; K.A. Tolley (2018). Würsig, B.; J.G.M. Thewissen; K.M. Kovacs (eds.).
5253:
1550:
Randall R. Reeves; Brent S. Stewart; Phillip J. Clapham; James A. Powell (2002).
17:
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4305:
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3145:
3074:
1909:
Patterson, IA; Reid, RJ; Wilson, B; Grellier, K; Ross, HM; Thompson, PM (1998).
1741:"St Andrews researchers help secure survival of the Baltic Sea harbour porpoise"
995:
926:
922:
914:
902:
735:
699:
668:
652:
486:(fish). The old word is probably a loan-translation of a Germanic word, compare
259:
48:
3321:
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3270:
3111:
2801:
1880:
1837:
1812:
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684:
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595:
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459:
93:
58:
1294:
Whales, Dolphins and Seals - A Field Guide to the Marine Mammals of the World
713:
Concerning the North Atlantic, an international workshop co-organised by the
5320:
5014:
4562:
4424:
3288:
3243:
2989:
1597:"New study: 1.5 million whales, dolphins and porpoises in European Atlantic"
1024:
958:
925:
times, harbour porpoises were also hunted in many areas, for example by the
886:
812:
743:
731:
644:
610:
540:
521:
219:
98:
5032:
4925:
2726:
2708:
2677:
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Madsen, P. T.; Wahlberg, M.; Tougaard, J.; Lucke, K.; Tyack, P. L. (2006).
2591:
2515:
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2430:
2349:
2304:
1926:
1856:
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points out that conjoined twins in whales and dolphins are extremely rare.
1944:
1363:"Incredibly rare white harbour porpoise spotted off the coast of Cornwall"
5287:
4919:
4323:
4296:
4208:
4149:
3942:
3745:
3062:
3050:
2999:
1088:
1037:
984:
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898:
890:
832:
603:
529:
421:
417:
289:
279:
239:
88:
83:
68:
63:
53:
432:, with geographically distinct populations representing distinct races:
5354:
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5045:
4369:
4235:
4131:
4122:
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3198:
3031:
2631:
2606:
2547:
2530:
1847:
1457:
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906:
804:
796:
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413:
269:
103:
78:
41:
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2583:
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1984:
1959:
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caught them by chance. A study published by the online journal of the
5058:
3859:
3056:
3044:
2896:. Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals
2765:"HELCOM Red List of Baltic Sea species in danger of becoming extinct"
2760:
1388:"Rare white porpoise spotted off the coast of Cornwall in Mounts Bay"
1065:
962:
gill nets are anchored to the sea floor and are up to 23 kilometres (
934:
910:
676:
659:
and the eastern seaboard of the United States. The population in the
249:
229:
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2012:
1449:
1425:
The first case of conjoined twin harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena
5019:
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4443:
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2397:
2372:
1116:
944:
918:
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808:
769:
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3787:
1073:
792:
4900:
3411:
3093:
3003:
2918:
Friel, D.; Sleeman, D.P. (2010). "A neonate harbour porpoise (
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
800:
1552:
National Audubon Society Guide to Marine Mammals of the World
1275:
1056:). In 2013, the two Baltic Sea subpopulations were listed as
2984:
2975:
Convention on Migratory Species page on the Harbour porpoise
1415:- Retrieved from National Geographic website - June 14, 2017
2969:
2429:
Cox, T. M.; Read, A. J.; Solow, A.; Tregenza, N. (2001).
2320:"Echolocation signals of free-ranging harbour porpoises,
2979:
1238:"IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Phocoena phocoena"
1190:
Braulik, G.; Minton , G.; Amano, M.; Bjørge, A. (2020).
2529:
Carstensen, J.; Henriksen, O. D.; Teilmann, J. (2006).
1068:. Although the species overall is considered to be of
2318:
Villadsgaard, A.; Wahlberg, M.; Tougaard, J. (2007).
2171:(in Danish). Middelfart By- og Egnshistoriske Museum.
2052:"Marsvinet Freja bliver optaget i Guinness rekordbog"
1787:"For harbor porpoises, the ocean is a 24-hour buffet"
5277:
4909:
4858:
4834:
4667:
4643:
4602:
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3848:
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3334:
3310:
3214:
3197:
3143:
3119:
3110:
1619:"Marsvin og delfiner boltrer sig i danske farvande"
2995:Voices in the Sea - Sounds of the Harbour Porpoise
2135:
1879:
1719:"Sound seeing increase in harbor porpoise numbers"
1591:
1589:
1587:
1512:(3 ed.). Academic Press. pp. 448–451.
452:The English word porpoise comes from the French
2970:Whale & Dolphin Conservation Society (WDCS)
2227:
2225:
2802:"Phocoena phocoena (Baltic Sea subpopulation)"
1503:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1215:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T17027A50369903.en
3015:
1811:Wisniewska, D.M.; et al. (6 June 2016).
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
921:hunt in the Arctic, notably in Greenland. In
8:
722:18 assessment areas for the North Atlantic.
462:
453:
2872:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T17030A6737111.en
2373:"Acoustic alarms reduce porpoise mortality"
481:
471:
4897:
4557:
4512:
4466:
4429:
4374:
4328:
4291:
4162:
4093:
3442:
3425:
3408:
3368:
3211:
3116:
3107:
3090:
3022:
3008:
3000:
2962:images and movies of the harbour porpoise
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1291:Shirihai, Hadoram; Jarrett, Brett (2006).
1286:
1284:
368:
181:
159:
135:
121:
31:
2870:
2716:
2640:
2630:
2546:
2450:
2396:
2339:
2188:. North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission
2180:
2178:
1983:
1934:
1846:
1836:
1743:. University of St. Andrews. 8 March 2017
1694:
1324:Hystrix: The Italian Journal of Mammalogy
1213:
130:Harbour porpoise in Ecomare, Netherlands
1413:Two-Headed Porpoise Found For First Time
706:population in the northwest Pacific and
420:. It is one of the smallest species of
2940:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
2843:Birkun Jr.; A.A.; Frantzis, A. (2008).
1888:. Stillwater, MN, USA: Voyageur Press.
1806:
1804:
1599:. University of St. Andrews. 2 May 2017
1165:
856:minutes but typically last one minute.
715:North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission
694:in the North Atlantic and West Africa,
436:in the North Atlantic and West Africa,
2142:. Stanford University Press. pp.
2138:Prehistoric Europe: The Economic Basis
1257:
1247:
719:Norwegian Institute of Marine Research
1780:
1778:
1763:"Phocoena phocoena (Harbor porpoise)"
851:Behaviour, reproduction and life-span
7:
5360:783AAFA4-862C-4775-B2B2-FA37D470C69E
2772:Baltic Sea Environmental Proceedings
2134:Clark, John Grahame Douglas (1966).
2027:"Phocoena phocoena, harbor porpoise"
1669:Hammond, P. S.; et al. (2002).
835:have also discovered that the local
555:Harbour porpoise skeleton on display
5383:IUCN Red List least concern species
2858:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2807:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1361:Smallcombe, Mike (19 August 2018).
1242:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1201:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2095:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1995.tb00667.x
144:Size compared to an average human
25:
4044:Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (
2054:. avisendanmark.dk. 1 August 2023
1785:Zielinski, Sarah (12 June 2016).
5388:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
2254:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2006.00031.x
1696:10.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00713.x
1129:
1115:
1101:
615:Natural History Museum Rotterdam
206:
5408:Cetaceans of the Atlantic Ocean
4185:Indo-Pacific finless porpoise (
4062:Tamanend's bottlenose dolphin (
3910:Indian Ocean humpback dolphin (
3901:Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (
2508:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115755
512:, is the Latinized form of the
508:. The species' taxonomic name,
467:, 12th century), which is from
5428:Cetaceans of the Pacific Ocean
3731:Southern right whale dolphin (
3722:Northern right whale dolphin (
3654:Atlantic white-sided dolphin (
1964:Marine Ecology Progress Series
1510:Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals
774:A harbour porpoise off Denmark
520:, "big seal", as described by
1:
5438:Cetaceans of the Arctic Ocean
4768:Deraniyagala's beaked whale (
4741:Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale (
3952:Pantropical spotted dolphin (
3919:Australian humpback dolphin (
3681:Pacific white-sided dolphin (
2297:10.1016/s0141-1136(99)00081-1
1278:. Downloaded on 25 July 2015.
1145:List of marine mammal species
444:in the northeastern Pacific.
3764:Australian snubfin dolphin (
3172:North Atlantic right whale (
1297:. A&C Black Publishers.
827:(orcas). Researchers at the
5443:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
4714:Blainville's beaked whale (
4655:Tropical bottlenose whale (
4631:Southern bottlenose whale (
4622:Northern bottlenose whale (
4071:Common bottlenose dolphin (
3928:Atlantic humpback dolphin (
3181:North Pacific right whale (
2271:) and bottlenose dolphins (
1721:. Kitsap Sun. 17 March 2016
941:Interactions with fisheries
710:in the northeast Pacific.
5469:
5453:Habitats Directive species
4813:Stejneger's beaked whale (
4194:Yangtze finless porpoise (
3979:Atlantic spotted dolphin (
3564:Short-finned pilot whale (
2922:(L.)) with damaged skin".
2468:Oceanogr Mar Biol Annu Rev
1675:Journal of Applied Ecology
1276:http://www.iucnredlist.org
5433:Mammals described in 1758
4846:Shepherd's beaked whale (
4389:Araguaian river dolphin (
3573:Long-finned pilot whale (
3424:
3407:
3106:
3089:
3039:
2774:(140): 92. Archived from
2488:Marine Pollution Bulletin
2431:"Will harbour porpoises (
1838:10.1016/j.cub.2016.03.069
1336:10.4404/hystrix-23.2-4792
983:Mortality resulting from
476:, which is a compound of
412:) is one of eight extant
388:
381:
376:
367:
346:
341:
318:
311:
203:Scientific classification
201:
179:
157:
148:
143:
134:
129:
120:
34:
5403:Mammals of North America
4732:Gervais's beaked whale (
4687:Sowerby's beaked whale (
4398:Bolivian river dolphin (
2746:21 February 2012 at the
2439:J. Cetacean. Res. Manage
2435:) habituate to pingers?"
2210:. Ceta Base. 4 July 2018
2169:Marsvin og marsvinjægere
2001:Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci
1554:. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.
602:and around the coast of
377:Harbour porpoise range.
5418:Fauna of the Baltic Sea
4870:Cuvier's beaked whale (
4795:Perrin's beaked whale (
4759:Hector's beaked whale (
4723:Ramari's beaked whale (
4696:Andrews' beaked whale (
4572:Arnoux's beaked whale (
4245:Burmeister's porpoise (
4012:Rough-toothed dolphin (
3436:(Oceanic dolphins)
3235:Antarctic minke whale (
746:and oceans of mainland
5423:Fauna of the Black Sea
5413:Fauna of the North Sea
4581:Baird's beaked whale (
4481:Ganges river dolphin (
4407:Amazon river dolphin (
3788:Orca or killer whale (
3712:(Right whale dolphins)
3645:White-beaked dolphin (
3163:Southern right whale (
2709:10.1098/rsbl.2006.0588
2452:10.47536/jcrm.v3i1.904
2167:Petersen, Åge (1969).
1927:10.1098/rspb.1998.0414
950:
877:
829:University of Aberdeen
775:
640:
633:
556:
482:
472:
463:
454:
5223:Paleobiology Database
4822:Spade-toothed whale (
4786:True's beaked whale (
4777:Strap-toothed whale (
4750:Gray's beaked whale (
4705:Hubbs' beaked whale (
4590:Sato's beaked whale (
4490:Indus river dolphin (
4218:Spectacled porpoise (
4034:(Bottlenose dolphins)
3475:Heaviside's dolphin (
3457:Commerson's dolphin (
3262:Pygmy Bryde's whale (
2234:Marine Mammal Science
2075:Marine Mammal Science
1878:Read, Andrew (1999).
1649:Naturhistorisk Museum
1394:. ITV. 20 August 2018
1208:: e.T17027A50369903.
1062:critically endangered
948:
929:of the east coast of
875:
773:
698:in the Black Sea and
639:
632:
554:
4804:Pygmy beaked whale (
4677:(Mesoplodont whales)
3836:False killer whale (
3812:Melon-headed whale (
3532:Pygmy killer whale (
3226:Common minke whale (
2865:: e.T17030A6737111.
2611:Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser
2535:Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser
1768:Animal Diversity Web
1438:Journal of Mammalogy
876:Dead porpoise ashore
756:Gulf of St. Lawrence
504:had a similar name,
5398:Cetaceans of Europe
4612:(Bottlenose whales)
4352:Dwarf sperm whale (
4343:Pygmy sperm whale (
4175:(Finless porpoises)
3891:(Humpback dolphins)
3755:Irrawaddy dolphin (
3672:Hourglass dolphin (
3383:Pygmy right whale (
2964:(Phocoena phocoena)
2936:"Phocoena phocoena"
2894:"Phocoena phocoena"
2623:2006MEPS..309..279M
2576:2009ASAJ..126...11T
2500:2023MarPB.19715755F
2389:1997Natur.388..525K
2289:2000MarER..49..359K
2246:2006MMamS..22..240T
2110:"Marsvin i Danmark"
2087:1995MMamS..11..423R
2031:animaldiversity.org
1976:2014MEPS..513..277V
1829:2016CBio...26.1441W
1687:2002JApEc..39..361H
1623:Fyens Stiftstidende
1044:Conservation status
837:bottlenose dolphins
394:Linnaeus, 1758
151:Conservation status
5279:Delphinus phocoena
4527:La Plata dolphin (
4227:Harbour porpoise (
4196:N. asiaeorientalis
4053:Burrunan dolphin (
3621:Fraser's dolphin (
3484:Hector's dolphin (
2828:}}: old-form url (
2658:J. Acoust. Soc. Am
2632:10.3354/meps309279
2564:J. Acoust. Soc. Am
2548:10.3354/meps321295
2273:Tursiops truncatus
2208:"Fjord & Bælt"
2186:"Harbour porpoise"
1260:has generic name (
1137:Marine life portal
951:
878:
776:
641:
634:
557:
524:; this from φώκη,
391:Delphinus phocoena
5370:
5369:
5210:Open Tree of Life
4994:phocoena-phocoena
4955:Phocoena_phocoena
4941:Phocoena phocoena
4911:Phocoena phocoena
4903:Taxon identifiers
4894:
4893:
4890:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4882:
4881:
4680:
4615:
4554:
4539:
4538:
4502:
4501:
4456:
4455:
4419:
4418:
4364:
4363:
4318:
4317:
4281:
4280:
4269:Dall's porpoise (
4178:
4159:
4144:
4143:
4083:
4082:
4037:
3988:Spinner dolphin (
3970:Striped dolphin (
3961:Clymene dolphin (
3894:
3715:
3663:Peale's dolphin (
3597:Risso's dolphin (
3557:
3466:Chilean dolphin (
3439:
3418:
3403:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3358:
3357:
3208:
3193:
3192:
3156:
3100:
2920:Phocoena phocoena
2847:Phocoena phocoena
2781:on 7 October 2014
2670:10.1121/1.3117444
2584:10.1121/1.3132523
2433:Phocoena phocoena
2341:10.1242/jeb.02618
2322:Phocoena phocoena
2277:Mar. Environ. Res
2269:Phocoena phocoena
1985:10.3354/meps11004
1921:(1402): 1167–70.
1895:978-0-89658-420-4
1823:(11): 1441–1446.
1519:978-0-12-804327-1
1304:978-0-7136-7037-0
1194:Phocoena phocoena
1150:List of cetaceans
1080:of the Black Sea
862:sperm competition
726:Population status
510:Phocoena phocoena
409:Phocoena phocoena
400:
399:
322:Phocoena phocoena
196:
174:
27:Species of mammal
18:Phocoena phocoena
16:(Redirected from
5460:
5363:
5362:
5350:
5349:
5337:
5336:
5324:
5323:
5311:
5310:
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5217:
5205:
5204:
5192:
5191:
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5178:
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5165:
5153:
5152:
5150:NBNSYS0000005172
5140:
5139:
5127:
5126:
5114:
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5101:
5100:
5088:
5087:
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5074:
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5061:
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4898:
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4674:
4614:
4613:
4609:
4558:
4553:
4552:
4548:
4513:
4467:
4430:
4391:I. araguaiaensis
4375:
4329:
4308:P. macrocephalus
4292:
4177:
4176:
4172:
4163:
4158:
4157:
4153:
4094:
4036:
4035:
4031:
3893:
3892:
3888:
3869:Guiana dolphin (
3714:
3713:
3709:
3566:G. macrorhynchus
3556:
3555:
3551:
3508:Common dolphin (
3443:
3438:
3437:
3433:
3426:
3417:(Toothed whales)
3416:
3409:
3369:
3346:Humpback whale (
3228:B. acutorostrata
3212:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3117:
3108:
3098:
3091:
3024:
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2906:
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2890:
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2797:
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2790:
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2786:
2780:
2769:
2757:
2751:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2720:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2664:(6): 3766–3773.
2653:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2634:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2550:
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2059:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2007:(5): 1064–1073.
1996:
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1955:
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1399:
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1378:
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1375:
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1358:
1352:
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1349:
1347:
1338:. Archived from
1315:
1309:
1308:
1288:
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1259:
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1245:
1233:
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1187:
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1132:
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1120:
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1111:
1109:Cetaceans portal
1106:
1105:
1104:
1064:respectively by
975:
974:
970:
967:
760:Washington state
681:British Columbia
586:
585:
581:
578:
572:
571:
567:
564:
506:porculus marinus
485:
475:
466:
457:
404:harbour porpoise
395:
372:
324:
304:P. phocoena
211:
210:
190:
185:
184:
168:
163:
162:
139:
125:
115:
45:
38:Temporal range:
35:Harbour porpoise
32:
21:
5468:
5467:
5463:
5462:
5461:
5459:
5458:
5457:
5448:Holarctic fauna
5373:
5372:
5371:
5366:
5358:
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5345:
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5332:
5327:
5319:
5314:
5306:
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5292:
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5286:
5273:
5265:
5260:
5252:
5247:
5239:
5234:
5226:
5221:
5213:
5208:
5200:
5195:
5187:
5184:Observation.org
5182:
5176:harbor-porpoise
5174:
5169:
5161:
5156:
5148:
5143:
5135:
5130:
5122:
5117:
5109:
5104:
5096:
5091:
5083:
5078:
5070:
5065:
5057:
5052:
5044:
5039:
5031:
5026:
5018:
5013:
5005:
5000:
4992:
4987:
4979:
4974:
4966:
4961:
4953:
4948:
4939:
4938:
4933:
4924:
4923:
4918:
4905:
4895:
4878:
4854:
4830:
4716:M. densirostris
4676:
4675:
4673:
4663:
4639:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4598:
4551:(Beaked whales)
4550:
4549:
4547:
4535:
4498:
4452:
4415:
4360:
4314:
4277:
4253:
4202:
4187:N. phocaenoides
4174:
4173:
4171:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4140:
4116:
4079:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4020:
3996:
3990:S. longirostris
3972:S. coeruleoalba
3936:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3877:
3844:
3820:
3796:
3772:
3757:O. brevirostris
3739:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3698:
3690:Dusky dolphin (
3629:
3605:
3581:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3540:
3516:
3492:
3448:Cephalorhynchus
3435:
3434:
3432:
3420:
3391:
3354:
3348:M. novaeangliae
3330:
3306:
3280:Omura's whale (
3253:Bryde's whale (
3204:
3203:
3201:
3199:Balaenopteridae
3189:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3139:
3131:Bowhead whale (
3102:
3099:(Baleen whales)
3085:
3035:
3028:
2957:
2944:
2942:
2934:
2917:
2914:
2912:Further reading
2909:
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2837:
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2814:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2767:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2748:Wayback Machine
2738:
2734:
2697:Biology Letters
2690:
2689:
2685:
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2118:
2116:
2112:
2108:Kinze, Carl C.
2107:
2106:
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2072:
2071:
2067:
2057:
2055:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2035:
2033:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2013:10.1139/f95-104
1998:
1997:
1993:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1896:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1817:Current Biology
1810:
1809:
1802:
1792:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1776:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1746:
1744:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1724:
1722:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1653:
1651:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1628:
1626:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1602:
1600:
1595:
1594:
1585:
1573:
1569:
1562:
1549:
1548:
1527:
1520:
1507:
1506:
1465:
1450:10.2307/1378247
1435:
1434:
1430:
1423:
1419:
1411:
1407:
1397:
1395:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1371:
1369:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1345:
1343:
1342:on 4 March 2016
1317:
1316:
1312:
1305:
1290:
1289:
1282:
1273:
1269:
1256:
1246:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1220:
1218:
1189:
1188:
1167:
1163:
1135:
1130:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1046:
1034:
1017:
1005:
1003:Noise pollution
993:
972:
968:
965:
963:
943:
883:
870:
853:
781:
768:
766:Natural history
728:
627:
583:
579:
576:
574:
569:
565:
562:
560:
549:
537:Atlantic Canada
502:Classical Latin
450:
393:
337:
326:
320:
307:
205:
197:
186:
182:
175:
164:
160:
153:
116:
114:
113:
112:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
40:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5466:
5464:
5456:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5375:
5374:
5368:
5367:
5365:
5364:
5351:
5338:
5325:
5312:
5299:
5283:
5281:
5275:
5274:
5272:
5271:
5258:
5245:
5232:
5219:
5206:
5193:
5180:
5167:
5154:
5141:
5128:
5115:
5102:
5089:
5076:
5063:
5050:
5037:
5024:
5011:
4998:
4985:
4972:
4959:
4946:
4931:
4915:
4913:
4907:
4906:
4901:
4892:
4891:
4888:
4887:
4884:
4883:
4880:
4879:
4877:
4876:
4872:Z. cavirostris
4866:
4864:
4856:
4855:
4853:
4852:
4842:
4840:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4828:
4819:
4810:
4801:
4792:
4783:
4774:
4765:
4756:
4747:
4738:
4729:
4720:
4711:
4702:
4693:
4683:
4681:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4661:
4651:
4649:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4637:
4628:
4618:
4616:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4596:
4587:
4578:
4568:
4566:
4555:
4541:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4533:
4529:P. blainvillei
4523:
4521:
4510:
4504:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4497:
4496:
4487:
4477:
4475:
4464:
4458:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4450:
4440:
4438:
4427:
4421:
4420:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4413:
4409:I. geoffrensis
4404:
4400:I. boliviensis
4395:
4385:
4383:
4372:
4366:
4365:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4349:
4339:
4337:
4326:
4320:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4312:
4302:
4300:
4289:
4283:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4275:
4265:
4263:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4251:
4247:P. spinipinnis
4242:
4233:
4224:
4214:
4212:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4200:
4191:
4181:
4179:
4160:
4146:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4128:
4126:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4114:
4108:Beluga whale (
4104:
4102:
4099:Delphinapterus
4091:
4085:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4068:
4059:
4050:
4040:
4038:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4018:
4014:S. bredanensis
4008:
4006:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3994:
3985:
3976:
3967:
3958:
3948:
3946:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3925:
3916:
3907:
3897:
3895:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3866:
3862:S. fluviatilis
3856:
3854:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3832:
3830:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3808:
3806:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3784:
3782:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3761:
3751:
3749:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3728:
3718:
3716:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3687:
3683:L. obliquidens
3678:
3669:
3660:
3651:
3647:L. albirostris
3641:
3639:
3636:Lagenorhynchus
3631:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3617:
3615:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3593:
3591:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3579:
3570:
3560:
3558:
3554:(Pilot whales)
3542:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3528:
3526:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3504:
3502:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3490:
3481:
3472:
3463:
3459:C. commersonii
3453:
3451:
3440:
3422:
3421:
3412:
3405:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3379:
3377:
3366:
3360:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3342:
3340:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3318:
3316:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3298:Rice's whale (
3295:
3286:
3277:
3268:
3259:
3250:
3241:
3237:B. bonaerensis
3232:
3222:
3220:
3209:
3195:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3178:
3169:
3159:
3157:
3153:(Right whales)
3141:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3127:
3125:
3114:
3104:
3103:
3094:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3083:
3077:
3071:
3069:Laurasiatheria
3065:
3059:
3053:
3047:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3019:
3012:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2956:
2955:External links
2953:
2952:
2951:
2932:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2885:
2835:
2792:
2752:
2732:
2683:
2648:
2597:
2554:
2521:
2477:
2458:
2421:
2412:
2363:
2310:
2283:(4): 359–375.
2259:
2240:(2): 240–260.
2221:
2199:
2174:
2159:
2152:
2126:
2100:
2081:(4): 423–440.
2065:
2043:
2018:
1991:
1950:
1901:
1894:
1870:
1800:
1789:. Science News
1774:
1754:
1732:
1710:
1681:(2): 361–376.
1661:
1636:
1610:
1583:
1567:
1560:
1525:
1518:
1463:
1444:(4): 721–728.
1428:
1417:
1405:
1379:
1353:
1310:
1303:
1280:
1267:
1228:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1155:Marine biology
1152:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1126:
1123:Mammals portal
1112:
1096:
1093:
1045:
1042:
1033:
1032:Climate change
1030:
1016:
1013:
1004:
1001:
992:
989:
957:in bottom-set
942:
939:
882:
879:
869:
866:
852:
849:
780:
777:
767:
764:
740:common dolphin
727:
724:
708:P. p. vomerina
692:P. p. phocoena
626:
623:
548:
545:
469:Medieval Latin
449:
446:
442:P. p. vomerina
434:P. p. phocoena
426:whale watchers
398:
397:
386:
385:
379:
378:
374:
373:
365:
364:
363:
362:
360:P. p. vomerina
357:
352:
350:P. p. phocoena
344:
343:
339:
338:
327:
316:
315:
309:
308:
301:
299:
295:
294:
287:
283:
282:
277:
273:
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263:
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109:
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67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
46:
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5465:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5361:
5356:
5352:
5348:
5343:
5339:
5335:
5330:
5326:
5322:
5317:
5313:
5309:
5304:
5300:
5295:
5289:
5285:
5284:
5282:
5280:
5276:
5268:
5263:
5259:
5255:
5250:
5246:
5242:
5237:
5233:
5229:
5224:
5220:
5216:
5211:
5207:
5203:
5198:
5194:
5190:
5185:
5181:
5177:
5172:
5168:
5164:
5159:
5155:
5151:
5146:
5142:
5138:
5133:
5129:
5125:
5120:
5116:
5112:
5107:
5103:
5099:
5094:
5090:
5086:
5081:
5077:
5073:
5068:
5064:
5060:
5055:
5051:
5047:
5042:
5038:
5034:
5029:
5025:
5021:
5016:
5012:
5008:
5003:
4999:
4995:
4990:
4986:
4982:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4964:
4960:
4956:
4951:
4947:
4942:
4936:
4932:
4927:
4921:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4912:
4908:
4904:
4899:
4875:
4873:
4868:
4867:
4865:
4863:
4862:
4857:
4851:
4849:
4844:
4843:
4841:
4839:
4838:
4833:
4827:
4825:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4815:M. stejnegeri
4811:
4809:
4807:
4806:M. peruvianus
4802:
4800:
4798:
4793:
4791:
4789:
4784:
4782:
4780:
4775:
4773:
4771:
4766:
4764:
4762:
4757:
4755:
4753:
4748:
4746:
4744:
4743:M. ginkgodens
4739:
4737:
4735:
4730:
4728:
4726:
4721:
4719:
4717:
4712:
4710:
4708:
4707:M. carlhubbsi
4703:
4701:
4699:
4694:
4692:
4690:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4672:
4671:
4666:
4660:
4658:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4648:
4647:
4642:
4636:
4634:
4633:H. planifrons
4629:
4627:
4625:
4624:H. ampullatus
4620:
4619:
4617:
4607:
4606:
4601:
4595:
4593:
4588:
4586:
4584:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4570:
4569:
4567:
4565:
4564:
4559:
4556:
4546:
4542:
4532:
4530:
4525:
4524:
4522:
4520:
4519:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4508:Pontoporiidae
4505:
4495:
4493:
4488:
4486:
4484:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4474:
4473:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4462:Platanistidae
4459:
4449:
4447:
4446:L. vexillifer
4442:
4441:
4439:
4437:
4436:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4422:
4412:
4410:
4405:
4403:
4401:
4396:
4394:
4392:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4382:
4381:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4367:
4357:
4355:
4350:
4348:
4346:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4336:
4335:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4321:
4311:
4309:
4306:Sperm whale (
4304:
4303:
4301:
4299:
4298:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4284:
4274:
4272:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4262:
4261:
4256:
4250:
4248:
4243:
4241:
4239:
4234:
4232:
4230:
4225:
4223:
4221:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4210:
4205:
4199:
4197:
4192:
4190:
4188:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4170:
4169:
4164:
4161:
4151:
4147:
4137:
4135:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4119:
4113:
4111:
4106:
4105:
4103:
4101:
4100:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4086:
4076:
4074:
4069:
4067:
4065:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4029:
4028:
4023:
4017:
4015:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4005:
4004:
3999:
3993:
3991:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3968:
3966:
3964:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3933:
3931:
3926:
3924:
3922:
3921:S. sahulensis
3917:
3915:
3913:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3886:
3885:
3880:
3874:
3872:
3871:S. guianensis
3867:
3865:
3863:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3841:
3839:
3838:P. crassidens
3834:
3833:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3817:
3815:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3804:
3803:Peponocephala
3799:
3793:
3791:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3780:
3775:
3769:
3767:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3742:
3736:
3734:
3729:
3727:
3725:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3695:
3693:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3661:
3659:
3657:
3652:
3650:
3648:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3637:
3632:
3626:
3624:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3612:Lagenodelphis
3608:
3602:
3600:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3584:
3578:
3576:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3549:
3548:
3543:
3537:
3535:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3519:
3513:
3511:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3495:
3489:
3487:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3477:C. heavisidii
3473:
3471:
3469:
3464:
3462:
3460:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3441:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3410:
3406:
3388:
3386:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3364:Cetotheriidae
3361:
3351:
3349:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3333:
3327:
3325:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3303:
3301:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3260:
3258:
3256:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3213:
3210:
3200:
3196:
3186:
3184:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3136:
3134:
3133:B. mysticetus
3129:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3092:
3088:
3082:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3041:
3038:
3033:
3025:
3020:
3018:
3013:
3011:
3006:
3005:
3002:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2895:
2889:
2886:
2873:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2859:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2839:
2836:
2831:
2827:
2813:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2796:
2793:
2777:
2773:
2766:
2762:
2756:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2736:
2733:
2728:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2687:
2684:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2652:
2649:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2601:
2598:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2558:
2555:
2549:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2525:
2522:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2481:
2478:
2473:
2469:
2462:
2459:
2453:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2434:
2425:
2422:
2416:
2413:
2408:
2404:
2399:
2398:10.1038/41451
2394:
2390:
2386:
2383:(6642): 525.
2382:
2378:
2374:
2367:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2323:
2314:
2311:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2263:
2260:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2209:
2203:
2200:
2187:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2170:
2163:
2160:
2155:
2153:9780416832402
2149:
2145:
2140:
2139:
2130:
2127:
2111:
2104:
2101:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2069:
2066:
2053:
2047:
2044:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2019:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1995:
1992:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1954:
1951:
1946:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1915:Proc Biol Sci
1912:
1905:
1902:
1897:
1891:
1886:
1885:
1882:
1874:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1788:
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1779:
1775:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1758:
1755:
1742:
1736:
1733:
1720:
1714:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1665:
1662:
1650:
1646:
1640:
1637:
1624:
1621:(in Danish).
1620:
1614:
1611:
1598:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1577:
1571:
1568:
1563:
1561:0-375-41141-0
1557:
1553:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1515:
1511:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1409:
1406:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1380:
1368:
1367:Cornwall Live
1364:
1357:
1354:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1314:
1311:
1306:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1268:
1263:
1251:
1243:
1239:
1232:
1229:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1160:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1127:
1124:
1118:
1113:
1110:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1078:P. p. relicta
1075:
1071:
1070:Least Concern
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1002:
1000:
997:
990:
988:
986:
981:
979:
960:
956:
947:
940:
938:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
895:Bay of Biscay
892:
888:
880:
874:
867:
865:
863:
857:
850:
848:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
825:killer whales
822:
816:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
778:
772:
765:
763:
761:
757:
753:
752:Gulf of Maine
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
725:
723:
720:
716:
711:
709:
705:
701:
697:
696:P. p. relicta
693:
688:
686:
682:
678:
674:
673:Bering Strait
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
651:, Greenland,
650:
646:
638:
631:
624:
622:
618:
616:
612:
607:
605:
601:
597:
592:
590:
553:
546:
544:
542:
538:
533:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
500:(sea swine).
499:
496:
492:
489:
484:
479:
474:
470:
465:
461:
456:
447:
445:
443:
439:
438:P. p. relicta
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
410:
405:
396:
392:
387:
384:
380:
375:
371:
366:
361:
358:
356:
355:P. p. relicta
353:
351:
348:
347:
345:
340:
335:
331:
325:
323:
317:
314:
313:Binomial name
310:
306:
305:
300:
297:
296:
293:
292:
288:
285:
284:
281:
278:
275:
274:
271:
268:
265:
264:
261:
258:
255:
254:
251:
248:
245:
244:
241:
238:
235:
234:
231:
228:
225:
224:
221:
218:
215:
214:
209:
204:
200:
194:
189:
178:
172:
167:
166:Least Concern
156:
152:
147:
142:
138:
133:
128:
124:
119:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
43:
33:
30:
19:
5278:
4910:
4871:
4859:
4848:T. shepherdi
4847:
4835:
4824:M. traversii
4823:
4814:
4805:
4796:
4787:
4778:
4769:
4760:
4751:
4742:
4734:M. europaeus
4733:
4724:
4715:
4706:
4697:
4688:
4668:
4657:I. pacificus
4656:
4644:
4632:
4623:
4603:
4591:
4582:
4573:
4561:
4528:
4516:
4491:
4483:P. gangetica
4482:
4470:
4445:
4433:
4408:
4399:
4390:
4378:
4353:
4345:K. breviceps
4344:
4332:
4307:
4295:
4287:Physeteridae
4270:
4260:Phocoenoides
4258:
4246:
4237:
4228:
4226:
4220:P. dioptrica
4219:
4207:
4195:
4186:
4166:
4134:M. monoceros
4133:
4121:
4109:
4097:
4089:Monodontidae
4073:T. truncatus
4072:
4064:T. erebennus
4063:
4055:T. australis
4054:
4045:
4025:
4013:
4001:
3989:
3981:S. frontalis
3980:
3971:
3962:
3954:S. attenuata
3953:
3941:
3929:
3920:
3911:
3903:S. chinensis
3902:
3882:
3870:
3861:
3849:
3837:
3825:
3813:
3801:
3789:
3777:
3766:O. heinsohni
3765:
3756:
3744:
3732:
3723:
3705:Lissodelphis
3703:
3691:
3682:
3673:
3665:L. australis
3664:
3655:
3646:
3634:
3622:
3610:
3598:
3586:
3574:
3565:
3547:Globicephala
3545:
3534:F. attenuata
3533:
3521:
3509:
3497:
3485:
3476:
3467:
3458:
3446:
3385:C. marginata
3384:
3372:
3347:
3335:
3323:
3322:Gray whale (
3313:Eschrichtius
3311:
3299:
3290:
3281:
3272:
3271:Blue whale (
3263:
3254:
3245:
3236:
3227:
3217:Balaenoptera
3215:
3182:
3174:E. glacialis
3173:
3165:E. australis
3164:
3144:
3132:
3120:
3081:Whippomorpha
3075:Artiodactyla
2963:
2943:. Retrieved
2927:
2923:
2919:
2898:. Retrieved
2888:
2876:. Retrieved
2862:
2856:
2850:
2846:
2838:
2815:. Retrieved
2811:
2805:
2795:
2783:. Retrieved
2776:the original
2771:
2755:
2735:
2703:(2): 185–8.
2700:
2696:
2686:
2661:
2657:
2651:
2614:
2610:
2600:
2570:(1): 11–14.
2567:
2563:
2557:
2538:
2534:
2524:
2491:
2487:
2480:
2471:
2467:
2461:
2445:(1): 81–86.
2442:
2438:
2432:
2424:
2415:
2380:
2376:
2366:
2334:(1): 56–64.
2331:
2328:J. Exp. Biol
2327:
2321:
2313:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2262:
2237:
2233:
2212:. Retrieved
2202:
2190:. Retrieved
2168:
2162:
2137:
2129:
2117:. Retrieved
2103:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2056:. Retrieved
2046:
2034:. Retrieved
2030:
2021:
2004:
2000:
1994:
1967:
1963:
1953:
1918:
1914:
1904:
1884:
1881:
1873:
1820:
1816:
1791:. Retrieved
1766:
1757:
1745:. Retrieved
1735:
1723:. Retrieved
1713:
1678:
1674:
1664:
1654:17 September
1652:. Retrieved
1648:
1639:
1627:. Retrieved
1625:. 2 May 2017
1613:
1601:. Retrieved
1578:
1575:
1570:
1551:
1509:
1441:
1437:
1431:
1420:
1408:
1396:. Retrieved
1391:
1382:
1370:. Retrieved
1366:
1356:
1344:. Retrieved
1340:the original
1327:
1323:
1313:
1295:
1292:
1270:
1258:|last1=
1241:
1231:
1219:. Retrieved
1205:
1199:
1193:
1086:
1077:
1050:
1047:
1035:
1018:
1006:
994:
982:
978:echolocation
952:
905:strait, off
884:
858:
854:
841:infanticidal
821:white sharks
817:
782:
729:
712:
707:
695:
691:
689:
665:Sea of Japan
657:Newfoundland
642:
625:Distribution
619:
608:
600:Bay of Fundy
593:
558:
534:
525:
517:
509:
505:
497:
495:Middle Dutch
490:
477:
451:
441:
437:
433:
408:
407:
403:
401:
390:
389:
359:
354:
349:
321:
319:
303:
302:
290:
266:Infraorder:
260:Artiodactyla
29:
5236:SeaLifeBase
5132:NatureServe
5054:iNaturalist
4935:Wikispecies
4779:M. layardii
4698:M. bowdoini
4646:Indopacetus
4229:P. phocoena
4168:Neophocoena
4156:(Porpoises)
4150:Phocoenidae
3724:L. borealis
3692:L. obscurus
3674:L. cruciger
3468:C. eutropia
3430:Delphinidae
3415:Odontoceti
3324:E. robustus
3291:B. physalus
3289:Fin whale (
3273:B. musculus
3246:B. borealis
3244:Sei whale (
3183:E. japonica
3067:Superorder
3061:Infraclass
2878:12 November
2741:Appendix II
2617:: 279–295.
2541:: 295–308.
2115:. Hvaler.dk
1970:: 277–281.
1848:10023/10866
1221:12 November
996:Overfishing
991:Overfishing
927:Alby People
923:prehistoric
915:Puget Sound
903:Little Belt
736:Vestfjorden
700:Sea of Azov
669:Vladivostok
653:Nova Scotia
547:Description
473:porcopiscus
342:Subspecies
280:Phocoenidae
5377:Categories
5294:Q109647226
4837:Tasmacetus
4797:M. perrini
4770:M. hotaula
4761:M. hectori
4670:Mesoplodon
4605:Hyperoodon
4592:B. minimus
4583:B. bairdii
4574:B. arnuxii
4518:Pontoporia
4472:Platanista
4046:T. aduncus
3963:S. clymene
3930:S. teuszii
3912:S. plumbea
3814:P. electra
3733:L. peronii
3599:G. griseus
3510:D. delphis
3486:C. hectori
3413:Parvorder
3205:(Rorquals)
3112:Balaenidae
3097:Mysticeti
3095:Parvorder
2924:Ir. Nat. J
2642:10023/3847
2494:: 115755.
2474:: 355–390.
2119:22 October
1161:References
1082:endangered
1058:vulnerable
1025:pesticides
909:, western
845:Grey seals
813:pearlsides
685:California
661:Baltic Sea
596:Wadden Sea
589:dorsal fin
480:(pig) and
460:Old French
195:) (Europe)
188:Vulnerable
4689:M. bidens
4563:Berardius
4545:Ziphiidae
4425:Lipotidae
4236:Vaquita (
4132:Narwhal (
4110:D. leucas
3827:Pseudorca
3656:L. acutus
3499:Delphinus
3337:Megaptera
3282:B. omurai
3255:B. brydei
3146:Eubalaena
3079:Suborder
2960:ARKive -
2826:cite iucn
2192:21 August
2058:21 August
1883:Porpoises
1645:"Marsvin"
1398:20 August
1372:20 August
1015:Pollution
959:gill nets
901:, in the
893:, in the
887:Black Sea
744:North Sea
732:Gibraltar
645:Black Sea
611:North Sea
541:Old Norse
522:Aristotle
516:φώκαινα,
498:mereswijn
430:polytypic
298:Species:
226:Kingdom:
220:Eukaryota
5393:Phocoena
5288:Wikidata
5249:Species+
5137:2.103916
5124:14300116
5072:11135562
5007:46559342
4920:Wikidata
4861:Ziphius
4788:M. mirus
4752:M. grayi
4492:P. minor
4354:K. simus
4324:Kogiidae
4297:Physeter
4271:P. dalli
4238:P. sinus
4209:Phocoena
4027:Tursiops
3943:Stenella
3860:Tucuxi (
3746:Orcaella
3623:L. hosei
3575:G. melas
3300:B. ricei
3264:B. edeni
3063:Eutheria
3057:Mammalia
3051:Chordata
3045:Animalia
3043:Kingdom
2945:18 March
2785:3 August
2763:(2013).
2744:Archived
2727:17251125
2678:19507958
2592:19603857
2516:37976591
2350:17170148
2305:11285736
1857:27238281
1793:18 March
1705:59474268
1392:ITV News
1250:cite web
1095:See also
1089:ASCOBANS
1038:sand eel
985:trawling
899:Flanders
891:Normandy
833:Scotland
819:include
717:and the
604:Cornwall
518:phōkaina
455:pourpois
448:Taxonomy
422:cetacean
418:porpoise
383:Synonyms
330:Linnaeus
291:Phocoena
276:Family:
250:Mammalia
240:Chordata
236:Phylum:
230:Animalia
216:Domain:
193:IUCN 3.1
171:IUCN 3.1
44:– Recent
5355:ZooBank
5334:2440674
5111:1006450
5046:2440669
4725:M. eueu
4444:Baiji (
4435:Lipotes
4370:Iniidae
4123:Monodon
3851:Sotalia
3790:O. orca
3779:Orcinus
3588:Grampus
3374:Caperea
3122:Balaena
3049:Phylum
3034:species
3032:Cetacea
3030:Extant
2851:relicta
2718:2375924
2619:Bibcode
2572:Bibcode
2496:Bibcode
2407:4412647
2385:Bibcode
2358:6184532
2285:Bibcode
2242:Bibcode
2083:Bibcode
1972:Bibcode
1945:9699310
1936:1689180
1865:3923189
1825:Bibcode
1683:Bibcode
1458:1378247
1072:by the
971:⁄
955:Bycatch
907:Iceland
881:Hunting
868:Threats
805:capelin
797:sardine
789:pollack
785:herring
779:Ecology
748:Denmark
704:unnamed
649:Iceland
582:⁄
568:⁄
491:marsvin
464:porpais
414:species
286:Genus:
270:Cetacea
256:Order:
246:Class:
191: (
169: (
110:↓
42:Miocene
5347:771098
5267:137117
5215:851312
5202:137117
5085:180473
5020:POCAPH
4926:Q27027
3523:Feresa
3073:Order
3055:Class
2900:1 June
2817:1 June
2761:HELCOM
2725:
2715:
2676:
2590:
2514:
2405:
2377:Nature
2356:
2348:
2303:
2214:4 July
2150:
2036:3 July
1943:
1933:
1892:
1863:
1855:
1747:1 June
1725:29 May
1703:
1629:1 June
1603:1 June
1581:: 7-13
1558:
1516:
1456:
1346:8 July
1301:
1066:HELCOM
935:Sweden
911:Norway
897:, off
889:, off
807:, and
683:, and
677:Alaska
671:, the
488:Danish
483:piscus
478:porcus
5321:14460
5316:EUNIS
5308:34JY4
5262:WoRMS
5254:11185
5241:69402
5228:63544
5098:17027
5067:IRMNG
5059:41440
5028:EUNIS
4981:77C9R
4968:29235
4334:Kogia
4003:Steno
3884:Sousa
2930:: 55.
2849:ssp.
2779:(PDF)
2768:(PDF)
2403:S2CID
2354:S2CID
2144:67–68
2113:(PDF)
1861:S2CID
1701:S2CID
1454:JSTOR
1330:(2).
1008:Noise
931:Öland
919:Inuit
913:, in
809:sprat
702:, an
526:phōkē
514:Greek
5342:ITIS
5329:GBIF
5197:OBIS
5171:NOAA
5163:9742
5158:NCBI
5093:IUCN
5080:ITIS
5041:GBIF
5033:1510
5015:EPPO
4963:BOLD
4380:Inia
2947:2006
2902:2017
2880:2021
2863:2008
2830:help
2819:2017
2812:2008
2787:2014
2723:PMID
2674:PMID
2588:PMID
2512:PMID
2346:PMID
2301:PMID
2275:)".
2216:2018
2194:2023
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