1144:
740:
33:
46:
477:
588:
571:
516:
553:
511:
538:
492:
1110:
Matheny PB, Curtis JM, Hofstetter V, Aime MC, Moncalvo JM, Ge ZW, Yang ZL, Slot JC, Ammirati JF, Baroni TJ, Bougher NL, Hughes KW, Lodge DJ, Kerrigan RW, Seidl MT, Aanen DK, DeNitis M, Daniele GM, Desjardin DE, Kropp BR, Norvell LL, Parker A, Vellinga EC, Vilgalys R, Hibbett DS (2007).
653:
to dirty yellow to whitish (especially in age), and the surface texture is smooth to slightly fibrillose. The cap is somewhat sticky when it is wet. In young specimens, the cap margin curves inward and is often lobed; as the mushroom matures the margin can either pull away from the
698: in) thick; it extends into the cap, where it is known as the "columella". More or less equal in width throughout, or thicker on either end, its color is whitish to brownish to rusty-brown. The
779:
are yellowish to brownish, thin-walled, with dimensions of 60â100 by 15â25 Ξm. The peridium is made of two distinct tissue layers. The epicutis comprises narrow, gelatinous interwoven
775:(cells that grow down from the roof of locules, and often end up connecting the roof and the floor of the locule) are abundant in the gleba; they measure about 16 by 12.5 Ξm.
730:
is classified as "pileate", meaning there is a single stalk with the gleba arranged with gill-like tramal plates; other fungi with a similar development include species of
249:
logs. It fruits in spring, often under snow, and early summer toward the end of the snowmelt period in high mountain forests. Fruit bodies appear similar to unopened
1734:
1595:
1621:
783:
in a layer that is 15â50 Ξm. Underneath the epicutis is the subcutis, which consists of thin-walled hyphae up to 12 Ξm in diameter. All hyphae are
892:, meaning it is often found near melting snow or soon after the snow has disappeared. In the United States, it is common in the Sierra Nevada and the
1721:
1569:
896:, and usually found in elevations ranging from 1,650 to 2,400 m (5,410 to 7,870 ft). The fungus has been collected from the US states of
476:
1459:
1440:
1289:
702:
of the cap is white and soft, while it is brownish and tougher in the stipe. Its odor ranges from mild to distinctly fruity, reminiscent of
1365:
1780:
645:â1 in) in diameter. In maturity, the center of the cap flattens out or develops a depression. Its color ranges from somewhat
1775:
1158:
855:, but can be distinguished from the latter by its terrestrial habitat, autumn fruiting period and lack of odor. Some species of
912:. Squirrels consume the fungus, sometimes collecting fruit bodies and leaving them out in sunny spots to dry for later use.
402:
1534:
710:, colored brown to cinnamon brown in maturity, are arranged as irregular, deformed plates that form internal chambers (
928:
1626:
45:
1112:
805:
1785:
811:
718:, visible as whitish, cottony tissue extending from the cap margin to the stipe, often disappears in age. The
817:
423:
1800:
1795:
1790:
328:
1143:
847:
771:(translucent), club-shaped, usually four-spored (some are two-spored), and measure 17â21 by 6â8.2 Ξm.
1496:
1226:
406:
140:
1452:
Gasteromycetes: Morphological and
Developmental Features, with Keys to the Orders, Families, and Genera
1047:
1713:
1636:
1561:
1476:
1336:
1181:
981:
862:
364:
348:
1377:
739:
324:
32:
1207:
1005:
997:
909:
707:
577:
417:
378:
352:
312:
304:
188:
166:
40:
1739:
1600:
1695:
1644:
1543:
1455:
1436:
1285:
1237:
1132:
893:
632:
521:
288:
1659:
1649:
1344:
1279:
1197:
1189:
1124:
1090:
989:
788:
772:
699:
655:
558:
292:
234:
241:. It is found in mountainous areas of the western United States, where it grows on rotting
889:
719:
1399:
1340:
1185:
985:
587:
1708:
1556:
1482:
1429:
435:
369:
340:
336:
238:
107:
87:
1769:
650:
77:
1211:
1009:
1700:
1548:
1349:
1324:
1024:
715:
386:
311:
is present in young specimens, but it often disappears in age and does not leave a
308:
1157:
Matheny PB, Moreau PA, Vizzini A, Harrower E, De Haan A, Contu M, Curti M (2015).
1686:
1519:
1193:
1582:
1528:
760:
600:
592:
454:
374:
204:
1128:
1325:"Contributions to the knowledge of the Agaricales s.l. (Fungi) of New Zealand"
897:
800:
752:
703:
97:
1241:
784:
756:
57:
1136:
865:, but clearly distinct in their microscopic characteristics. Additionally,
1747:
1680:
1608:
1513:
936:
776:
723:
543:
502:
482:
411:
398:
250:
117:
658:, or remain attached. The short and stout stipe measures 0.5â2 cm (
1726:
1574:
1202:
1001:
881:
857:
768:
764:
732:
591:
The fruit body features a short stipe/columella and a gleba comprising
242:
208:
1587:
409:
analysis has demonstrated that the species is nested within the genus
1752:
1613:
905:
711:
300:
291:
that are whitish to brownish. They have a short but distinct whitish
200:
157:
67:
1490:
1095:
1070:
993:
714:); the gills may not become exposed until maturity, if at all. The
901:
780:
748:
738:
646:
586:
498:
442:
299:) of the fruit body into the cap. The gleba consists of irregular
296:
888:
and lodgepole pine. Fruiting in spring and early summer, it is a
1431:
Mushrooms
Demystified: A Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi
1113:"Major clades of Agaricales: a multilocus phylogenetic overview"
363:
was incorrect because of typographical errors carried down from
1494:
1075:, a forgotten name for a common snowbank fungus, and notes on
968:
Smith AH, Singer R (1959). "Studies on secotiaceous fungi. V.
885:
246:
933:(Harkn.) Singer & A.H. Sm., Brittonia, 11 (4): 224, 1959"
457:
known as the "gastroid pholiota" or the "bubble gum fungus".
880:
fruits singly, in groups, or in small clusters on rotting
355:
discussed the species in a 1903 publication, but named it
427:. Mycologist Scott Redhead transferred the species to
833:
fruit on the ground (the former among mosses), while
869:
species grow on hardwoods rather than conifer wood.
1670:
1503:
568:
550:
535:
508:
489:
470:
389:and only species. They considered Lloyd's spelling
1428:
1264:
1262:
1260:
453:, meaning "born of" or "originating from". It is
763:, but the spores are yellow-brown in mass. The
307:that are brownish in color. A whitish, cottony
1029:Bulletin of the California Academy of Sciences
351:at an elevation of 7,000 feet (2,100 m).
837:fruits on rotten wood. The three New Zealand
295:that extend through the internal spore mass (
8:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
1167:: two new genera of dark-spored Agaricales"
821:from New Zealand, all of which differ from
1491:
373:was circumscribed by American mycologists
31:
20:
1348:
1281:The Laws Field Guide to the Sierra Nevada
1201:
1094:
1069:Siegel N, Nguyen NH, Vellinga EC (2015).
722:of the fungus is unknown. The fruit body
546:attachment is irregular or not applicable
841:species lack the fruity odor present in
631: in) tall and have round to convex
1454:. Eureka, California: Mad River Press.
939:. International Mycological Association
920:
743:Spores are thick-walled and elliptical.
467:
1284:. Berkeley: Heyday Books. p. 7.
851:is somewhat similar in appearance to
751:typically measure 7.5â10 by 5â7
7:
1637:c89e7ddb-cdf5-46f1-b778-a7ce1405a1d8
747:The smooth, thick-walled elliptical
277: in) tall with 1â2.4 cm (
759:. The mushroom does not produce a
14:
1313:Miller and Miller (1988), p. 111.
678: in) long by 0.2â2 cm (
1304:Miller and Miller (1988), p. 23.
1142:
1025:"Fungi of the Pacific Coast. IV"
569:
551:
536:
514:
509:
490:
475:
44:
327:in 1899 by American mycologist
1350:10.1080/0028825x.1971.10430194
401:specimen was destroyed in the
339:collection growing on logs of
1:
1450:Miller HR, Miller OK (1988).
1435:. Berkeley: Ten Speed Press.
1329:New Zealand Journal of Botany
403:1906 San Francisco earthquake
253:, measuring 1â4 centimetres (
1194:10.1080/14772000.2014.967823
1174:Systematics and Biodiversity
415:, and is closely related to
1254:Arora (1986), pp. 906, 908.
825:by microscopic characters.
483:Mycological characteristics
1817:
1781:Fungi of the United States
1400:"Snowbank fungi revisited"
1129:10.3852/mycologia.98.6.982
806:Nivatogastrium baylisianum
767:(spore-bearing cells) are
1227:"Nomenclatural novelties"
635:measuring 1â2.4 cm (
172:
165:
146:
139:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
1535:Nivatogastrium nubigenum
1505:Nivatogastrium nubigenum
1368:Nivatogastrium nubigenum
1268:Arora (1986), pp. 735â6.
931:Nivatogastrium nubigenum
873:Habitat and distribution
225:, commonly known as the
196:Nivatogastrium nubigenum
1776:Fungi described in 1899
1073:Pholiota olivaceophylla
449:, meaning "cloud", and
424:Pholiota multicingulata
329:Harvey Willson Harkness
848:Thaxterogaster pingue
803:described the species
744:
596:
407:molecular phylogenetic
323:The species was first
1023:Harkness HW. (1886).
755:. They have a narrow
742:
590:
395:sphalma typographicum
335:. Harkness found the
287:â1 in) diameter
1225:Redhead SA. (2014).
365:Pier Andrea Saccardo
1364:Wood M, Stevens F.
1341:1971NZJB....9..463H
1186:2015SyBio..13...28M
986:1959Britt..11..224S
827:N. baylisianum
607:are 1.5â4 cm (
1672:Secotium nubigenum
1398:Cripps C. (2009).
1050:Secotium rubigenum
1046:Lloyd CG. (1903).
745:
597:
418:Pholiota squarrosa
393:to be a misprint (
379:Alexander H. Smith
353:Curtis Gates Lloyd
333:Secotium nubigenum
303:made of contorted
233:, is a species of
184:Secotium rubigenum
176:Secotium nubigenum
1763:
1762:
1645:Open Tree of Life
1497:Taxon identifiers
1477:Pholiota nubigena
1461:978-0-916422-74-5
1442:978-0-89815-169-5
1427:Arora D. (1986).
1323:Horak E. (1971).
1291:978-1-59714-052-2
1278:Laws JM. (2007).
1077:Pholiota nubigena
1056:Mycological Notes
894:Cascade Mountains
884:wood, especially
878:Pholiota nubigena
835:N. lignicola
823:Pholiota nubigena
812:N. lignicola
789:clamp connections
728:Pholiota nubigena
605:N. nubigenum
585:
584:
472:Pholiota nubigena
465:Species of fungus
441:derives from the
383:N. nubigenum
381:in 1959, who set
231:bubble gum fungus
227:gastroid pholiota
222:Pholiota nubigena
218:
217:
212:
192:
180:
150:Pholiota nubigena
25:Pholiota nubigena
16:Species of fungus
1808:
1756:
1755:
1743:
1742:
1730:
1729:
1717:
1716:
1704:
1703:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1663:
1662:
1653:
1652:
1640:
1639:
1630:
1629:
1617:
1616:
1604:
1603:
1591:
1590:
1578:
1577:
1565:
1564:
1552:
1551:
1539:
1538:
1537:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1492:
1465:
1446:
1434:
1415:
1414:
1404:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1376:. Archived from
1374:California Fungi
1361:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1320:
1314:
1311:
1305:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1275:
1269:
1266:
1255:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1231:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1205:
1171:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1140:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1020:
1014:
1013:
965:
948:
947:
945:
944:
925:
853:P. nubigena
843:P. nubigena
831:N. sulcatum
818:N. sulcatum
773:Pseudoparaphyses
697:
696:
692:
687:
686:
682:
677:
676:
672:
667:
666:
662:
644:
643:
639:
630:
629:
625:
622:
616:
615:
611:
573:
572:
555:
554:
540:
539:
518:
517:
513:
512:
494:
493:
479:
468:
436:specific epithet
286:
285:
281:
276:
275:
271:
268:
262:
261:
257:
235:secotioid fungus
198:
186:
178:
160:) Redhead (2014)
152:
132:P. nubigena
49:
48:
35:
21:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1786:Secotioid fungi
1766:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1751:
1746:
1738:
1733:
1725:
1720:
1712:
1707:
1699:
1694:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1666:
1658:
1656:
1648:
1643:
1635:
1633:
1625:
1620:
1612:
1607:
1599:
1594:
1586:
1581:
1573:
1568:
1560:
1555:
1547:
1542:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1499:
1472:
1462:
1449:
1443:
1426:
1423:
1418:
1402:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1383:
1381:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1292:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1258:
1253:
1249:
1229:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1169:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1141:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1096:10.5248/130.517
1068:
1067:
1063:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1022:
1021:
1017:
994:10.2307/2805007
967:
966:
951:
942:
940:
927:
926:
922:
918:
890:snowbank fungus
875:
861:are similar in
797:
795:Similar species
787:, and all have
694:
690:
689:
684:
680:
679:
674:
670:
669:
664:
660:
659:
641:
637:
636:
627:
623:
620:
618:
613:
609:
608:
570:
552:
537:
515:
510:
491:
485:
480:
466:
463:
359:, stating that
321:
283:
279:
278:
273:
269:
266:
264:
259:
255:
254:
161:
154:
148:
135:
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1814:
1812:
1804:
1803:
1801:Fungus species
1798:
1796:Strophariaceae
1793:
1791:Snowbank fungi
1788:
1783:
1778:
1768:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1744:
1731:
1718:
1705:
1692:
1676:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1654:
1641:
1631:
1618:
1605:
1592:
1579:
1566:
1553:
1540:
1525:
1509:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1487:
1486:
1483:Index Fungorum
1471:
1470:External links
1468:
1467:
1466:
1460:
1447:
1441:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1416:
1390:
1356:
1315:
1306:
1297:
1290:
1270:
1256:
1247:
1234:Index Fungorum
1217:
1149:
1102:
1061:
1038:
1015:
970:Nivatogastrium
949:
919:
917:
914:
874:
871:
796:
793:
583:
582:
574:
566:
565:
556:
548:
547:
541:
533:
532:
519:
506:
505:
495:
487:
486:
481:
474:
464:
462:
459:
370:Nivatogastrium
349:Sierra Nevadas
345:Pinus contorta
341:lodgepole pine
320:
317:
315:on the stipe.
239:Strophariaceae
237:in the family
216:
215:
214:
213:
193:
181:
170:
169:
163:
162:
155:
144:
143:
137:
136:
129:
127:
123:
122:
115:
111:
110:
108:Strophariaceae
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
88:Agaricomycetes
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1813:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1661:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1632:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1545:
1541:
1536:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1515:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1444:
1438:
1433:
1432:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1412:
1408:
1401:
1394:
1391:
1380:on 2013-06-02
1379:
1375:
1371:
1369:
1360:
1357:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1335:(3): 463â93.
1334:
1330:
1326:
1319:
1316:
1310:
1307:
1301:
1298:
1293:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1274:
1271:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1251:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1228:
1221:
1218:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1168:
1166:
1165:Romagnesiella
1162:
1161:Crassisporium
1153:
1150:
1145:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1123:(6): 982â95.
1122:
1118:
1114:
1106:
1103:
1097:
1092:
1089:(2): 517â32.
1088:
1084:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1065:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1051:
1042:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1019:
1016:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
964:
962:
960:
958:
956:
954:
950:
938:
934:
932:
924:
921:
915:
913:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
872:
870:
868:
864:
860:
859:
854:
850:
849:
844:
840:
839:Nivatogastrum
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
819:
814:
813:
808:
807:
802:
794:
792:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
741:
737:
735:
734:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
657:
652:
648:
634:
606:
602:
594:
589:
581:
580:
576:Edibility is
575:
567:
564:
560:
557:
549:
545:
542:
534:
531:
527:
523:
520:
507:
504:
501:
500:
496:
488:
484:
478:
473:
469:
460:
458:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
437:
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425:
420:
419:
414:
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408:
404:
400:
396:
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388:
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380:
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372:
371:
366:
362:
358:
354:
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346:
342:
338:
334:
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179:Harkn. (1899)
177:
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141:Binomial name
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727:
716:partial veil
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601:fruit bodies
598:
593:anastomosing
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360:
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309:partial veil
245:wood, often
230:
226:
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183:
175:
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1583:iNaturalist
1529:Wikispecies
1421:Cited texts
1413:(1): 47â53.
1203:2318/152675
972:gen. nov".
761:spore print
724:development
461:Description
375:Rolf Singer
187:Harkn. ex.
1770:Categories
1384:2013-09-01
1236:(148): 1.
1058:(14): 103.
943:2013-09-01
916:References
910:Washington
898:California
863:morphology
801:Egon Horak
704:bubble gum
98:Agaricales
74:Division:
1687:Q59540874
1520:Q10601382
1242:2049-2375
1117:Mycologia
1083:Mycotaxon
974:Brittonia
799:In 1971,
785:inamyloid
757:germ pore
720:edibility
530:depressed
439:nubigenum
431:in 2014.
405:. Modern
391:rubigenum
361:nubigenum
357:rubigenum
347:) in the
325:described
251:mushrooms
126:Species:
64:Kingdom:
58:Eukaryota
1748:MycoBank
1740:10482487
1709:Fungorum
1681:Wikidata
1609:MycoBank
1601:11077947
1557:Fungorum
1514:Wikidata
1212:53694501
1137:17486974
1010:20567054
937:MycoBank
777:Cystidia
544:Hymenium
503:hymenium
455:commonly
429:Pholiota
412:Pholiota
399:holotype
319:Taxonomy
301:chambers
167:Synonyms
119:Pholiota
104:Family:
54:Domain:
1727:2533240
1660:3951290
1575:2533239
1337:Bibcode
1182:Bibcode
1002:2805007
982:Bibcode
882:conifer
867:Weraroa
858:Weraroa
769:hyaline
765:basidia
733:Podaxis
712:locules
693:⁄
683:⁄
673:⁄
663:⁄
640:⁄
626:⁄
612:⁄
579:unknown
397:). The
385:as the
282:⁄
272:⁄
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243:conifer
229:or the
209:A.H.Sm.
114:Genus:
94:Order:
84:Class:
1753:185029
1714:185029
1657:uBio:
1650:208501
1634:NZOR:
1627:283328
1614:301848
1588:498077
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908:, and
906:Oregon
815:, and
781:hyphae
749:spores
706:. The
595:gills.
526:convex
499:Glebal
445:roots
211:(1959)
207:&
205:Singer
201:Harkn.
191:(1903)
158:Harkn.
1735:IRMNG
1701:4W8GR
1596:IRMNG
1549:47K3V
1407:FUNGI
1403:(PDF)
1230:(PDF)
1208:S2CID
1170:(PDF)
1048:"245â
1006:S2CID
998:JSTOR
902:Idaho
708:gills
700:flesh
656:stipe
651:tawny
647:ochre
559:Stipe
443:Latin
305:gills
297:gleba
293:stipe
189:Lloyd
68:Fungi
1722:GBIF
1622:NCBI
1570:GBIF
1456:ISBN
1437:ISBN
1286:ISBN
1238:ISSN
1163:and
1133:PMID
829:and
633:caps
599:The
563:bare
451:gen-
434:The
421:and
387:type
377:and
337:type
313:ring
289:caps
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1480:in
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1190:doi
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