285:
190:
36:
606:
685:
organism. There also seems to be a relationship between the dose given to an organism and the excretion of the compound as well the radioactivity; in live animal studies it is observed that at a higher dose, excretion of the compound is significantly slower than at lower doses. Inversely, there is a higher reported radioactivity with acute exposure rather than repeated exposure.
27:
602:-chloromethylphthalimide with dimethyldithiophosphoric acid. The former, in turn, can be prepared by the reaction of phthalimide with formaldehyde and hydrogen chloride. Phosmet can also be obtained through the condensation of phthalimide with formaldehyde and conversion of the product to chloride which is reacted with sodium dimethylphosphorodithioate.
495:
846:
Research on phosmet's (and other organophosphate/chlorine insecticides) effect on the placenta indicate that phosmet has been found to enter the placenta and carryover to the fetus. In addition, the compound has been shown to decrease PI 4-kinase activity in the nucleus, but has no effect on membrane
734:
An epidemiologic study on farmers which assessed their exposure from insecticides showed that farmers who applied phosmet to animals had measurable exposures, but the levels were lower than what had been seen in other pesticide applications. Inhalation exposures were insignificant when compared with
666:
The absorption of phosmet in the body is rapid, based on live rat studies, with almost complete absorption (84.4%) within 24 hours of administering dose. At 0.5 hours after dosing, it was observed that the peak concentration of blood and plasma concentrations are observed. The elimination of phosmet
726:
Organophosphorus insecticides are the most widely used and are most frequently involved in fatal human poisonings. They may be absorbed through the skin, and there have been accidental poisoning cases arising from such exposure. Accidental contamination of food with insecticides is also possible.
684:
The primary excretory pathway for phosmet is through the urine or feces, with greater than 70% of the compound being excreted through the former and about 4.5% to 9.9% being excreted in the latter; by 12 hours, more than 50% of the radioactivity can be seen to have been eliminated from an animal
675:
The distribution of the compound can be observed and analyzed at every dosage in a variety of tissues. The areas that display the highest level of activity can be found in the liver and the whole blood as this is where the major metabolic process takes place. The lowest level of activity for the
789:
Using the Margin of
Exposure (MOE) approach to assess the risk of phosmet, the EPA deemed that there is little to no concern of phosmet having an MOE at or above 100. The primary toxicological endpoint of concern to the EPA is cholinesterase inhibition; a common toxic effect of organophosphate
766:
can be administered to regenerate the acetylcholinesterase. It acts in place of the serine hydroxyl group in the enzyme and forming a complex with the organophosphorus moiety. It must be administered quickly after the poisoning. In addition, the physiological effects of the accumulation of
667:
takes place in two phases. The first phase corresponds with the distribution of the compound to tissues and has an observed half life of 0.2 to 6 hours. The second phase corresponds with the direct elimination of the compound and has a significantly longer half life of 41 to 1543 hours.
573:
such as the codling moth, leafrollers, and others. It has also been registered for use on cattle, swine, and dogs for treatment of lice, fleas, and ticks. It can also be used domestically for trees, bushes, and shrubs by homeowners. Phosmet is being used all over the world.
1393:
Guiñazú, Natalia; Rena, Viviana; Genti-Raimondi, Susana; Rivero, Virginia; Magnarelli, Gladis (April 2012). "Effects of the organophosphate insecticides phosmet and chlorpyrifos on trophoblast JEG-3 cell death, proliferation and inflammatory molecule production".
785:
Phosmet does not cause reproductive toxicity and it is not likely to cause teratogenic effects, but the available data is not sufficient to draw a firm conclusion about the carcinogenicity of phosmet. The primary target organ for
Phosmet is the nervous system.
717:
study using rat liver microsomes, for which C-phosmet is incubated with said microsomes, and confirming metabolization of compound. The resulting compound to the metabolism along with U3 and U6 metabolites, is the
Phosmet oxygen analogue Phosmet-oxon.
847:
PI 4-kinase. Affecting PI 4-kinase activity suggests detrimental effects on different processes regulated by 4-phosphoinositides. However, more research is needed on the consequences of phosmet and other organophosphates on placenta physiopathology.
793:
There is not a lot of data on the effect of phosmet in humans, but in rats the chemical was found to have an LD50 of 113 to 160 mg/kg through oral exposure, and an LD50 of 3160 to 4640 mg/kg through skin exposure. The table below shows the
730:
The adverse effect of phosmet are caused by the inhibition of cholinesterases. Acute poisoning leads to uncontrollable muscle movement. Which can in severe cases lead to convulsions, respiratory depression and possible death if left untreated.
626:(AChE), preventing hydrolysis and inactivation of acetylcholine. Its inhibitory effects on the AChE enzyme leads to a pathological excess of acetylcholine in the body. Acetylcholine accumulates at nerve junctions, causing malfunction of the
748:
Nicotinic symptoms result from the accumulation of acetylcholine at motor nerve endings in skeletal muscle and ganglia. Thus, there is fatigue, involuntary twitching, and muscular weakness, which may affect the muscles of respiration.
903:
The US EPA had no concern for acute dietary risk through food or water. There are however concerns for workers who are in contact with
Phosmet through mixing, handling and loading who are at risk for inhalation or dermal exposure.
2730:
713:(U6). In addition, analysis of both rat and cockroach faeces and urine in live animal studies showed that phosmet is metabolized in the liver, oxidizing the compound into phosmet-oxon. This is further validated through an
1437:
K Al Rawas, Hisham; Al Mawla, Reem; Pham, Thi Yen Nhi; Truong, Dinh Hieu; Nguyen, Thi Le Anh; Taamalli, Sonia; Ribaucour, Marc; El Bakali, Abderrahman; Černušák, Ivan; Dao, Duy Quang; Louis, Florent (2023-12-13).
1341:
Souza, María S.; Magnarelli de Potas, Gladis; Pechén de D'Angelo, Ana M. (2004). "Organophosphorous and organochlorine pesticides affect human placental phosphoinositides metabolism and PI-4 kinase activity".
2723:
3164:
3210:
2716:
705:-methylation, hydrolysis of the phtalamide ring to the respective phtalamide acid. The process ends with the sulfoxidation, via an FAD-containing monooxygenase, of the sulfur into either
642:. Clinical signs of cholinergic excess can develop. The mechanism of inhibition consists of phosmet blocking the active site of the enzyme that binds the ester portion of acetylcholine.
907:
Phosmet was recently banned in the
European Union in 2022 the reason cited being its harmful effects however its true effects on environmental degradation are still being analyzed
4398:
454:
508:
4403:
745:, and constriction of the pupils. Salivation, lacrimation, and sweating are all increased, and peristalsis is also increased, leading to nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
774:
Should atropine and pralidoxime be used in conjunction with one another, the result is a synergistic effect that is greater than if either were to be used separately.
752:
Accumulation of acetylcholine in the CNS leads to a variety of signs and symptoms, including tension, anxiety, ataxia, convulsions, restlessness, insomnia and coma.
334:
1252:
4424:
3355:
2825:
1518:
886:
738:
The accumulation of acetylcholine leads to symptoms that mimic the muscarinic, nicotinic, and central nervous system actions of acetylcholine.
701:-methylsulfonylmethyl)-phthalamic acid (U6). The compound undergoes a series of various chemical reactions include thiophosphoryl hydrolysis,
4429:
924:
799:
4277:
4190:
4246:
3050:
1011:
735:
dermal exposures, which came primarily from the hands. Clothing, particularly gloves, provided substantial protection from exposures.
127:
1131:
1068:
299:
2835:
1440:"New insight into environmental oxidation of phosmet insecticide initiated by HO˙ radicals in gas and water - a theoretical study"
3330:
1864:
866:
Phosmet has been found to give positive results in aromatase inhibition assays, indicating phosmet decreases aromatase activity.
795:
590:
ester, with two methyl groups. The structure is a benzene ring connected to an imide, which is connected to the dithiophosphate.
2869:
1859:
874:
Phosmet gives positive results in androgen receptor binding assays, this indicates that phosmet binds to androgen receptors.
631:
2795:
3545:
2845:
515:
4439:
4393:
4132:
2746:
565:
The first registered use of phosmet was in the United States in 1966, where it was used on a variety of crops including
242:
2830:
3340:
2012:
263:
2840:
1097:
4025:
4003:
2506:
1819:
1511:
890:
627:
2805:
2790:
2774:
2691:
1939:
1834:
1650:
1582:
877:
More research is needed to find the physiological effects of aromatase inhibition and androgen receptor binding.
635:
2810:
4220:
3873:
3770:
3495:
2800:
2684:
2642:
1695:
693:
In the metabolism of phosmet, there are two major metabolites that are produced and excreted in the urine,
185:
4444:
2663:
2623:
1675:
639:
1162:
4434:
4138:
4059:
2677:
1504:
1179:
4303:
4299:
4295:
4291:
4268:
4264:
3988:
3335:
2855:
2815:
1824:
760:
Poisoning by organophosphorus compounds can be treated and acute symptoms are able to be alleviated.
623:
619:
48:
2708:
4149:
4115:
4049:
3978:
3795:
3745:
3270:
3070:
2928:
2656:
2386:
1982:
1844:
1839:
1655:
1640:
545:, though it is also used on a wide range of fruit crops, ornamentals, and vines for the control of
280:
93:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3080:
3037:
2988:
3866:
3570:
3465:
3042:
2908:
2749:
2649:
2635:
2531:
2332:
2062:
1854:
1849:
1670:
1632:
1375:
3023:
2923:
2467:
1685:
1597:
928:
4034:
3715:
3700:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3199:
3139:
3129:
2993:
2893:
2512:
1104:. U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Health & Human Services
4322:
4318:
4260:
4237:
4226:
3780:
3765:
3640:
3590:
3540:
3420:
3220:
2406:
2192:
2187:
2152:
2112:
1660:
1467:
1459:
1419:
1411:
1367:
1359:
1323:
1315:
1234:
1226:
1137:
1127:
1074:
1064:
1007:
3525:
3013:
1027:
4352:
4333:
4029:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3720:
3605:
3485:
3475:
3305:
2763:
2391:
2122:
1992:
1451:
1403:
1351:
1305:
1216:
999:
357:
3480:
308:
InChI=1S/C11H12NO4PS2/c1-15-17(18,16-2)19-7-12-10(13)8-5-3-4-6-9(8)11(12)14/h3-6H,7H2,1-2H3
251:
167:
4287:
4256:
4170:
4165:
3973:
3260:
3250:
3230:
2670:
2589:
1972:
1957:
587:
570:
535:
475:
465:
318:
InChI=1/C11H12NO4PS2/c1-15-17(18,16-2)19-7-12-10(13)8-5-3-4-6-9(8)11(12)14/h3-6H,7H2,1-2H3
103:
1489:
853:
studies have shown phosmet induces apoptosis in trophoblasts, through oxidative stress.
284:
189:
147:
3888:
3580:
3500:
3255:
3225:
3065:
2487:
1967:
1806:
486:
4418:
3958:
3790:
3565:
3530:
3405:
3060:
2739:
2571:
2452:
2396:
2368:
2275:
2265:
2097:
2077:
1743:
1708:
554:
438:
428:
178:
1379:
1310:
1293:
4314:
4105:
3998:
3953:
3918:
3908:
3903:
3750:
3630:
3535:
3440:
3265:
3075:
2958:
2943:
2614:
2556:
2551:
2457:
2432:
2363:
2358:
2328:
2300:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2230:
2177:
2082:
2052:
1977:
1952:
1914:
1796:
1786:
1771:
1766:
1756:
1733:
1713:
1562:
1527:
1292:
Waliszewski, S. M.; Aguirre, A. A.; Infanzón, R. M.; Siliceo, J. (September 2000).
542:
470:
460:
1003:
231:
569:(apple, pear, peach) and nut trees (almonds, walnuts) as a treatment for various
4342:
4180:
4100:
4044:
3938:
3883:
3785:
3550:
3450:
3325:
3280:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3047:
3008:
2953:
2938:
2918:
2903:
2629:
2546:
2447:
2437:
2348:
2324:
2315:
2295:
2290:
2280:
2240:
2215:
2197:
2007:
1791:
1761:
1751:
1703:
1680:
1587:
1577:
1531:
763:
742:
650:
605:
583:
538:
531:
741:
Muscarinic signs and symptoms are tightness of the chest, bronchoconstriction,
35:
4367:
4363:
4095:
4085:
4080:
3993:
3968:
3928:
3923:
3913:
3898:
3839:
3834:
3645:
3505:
3490:
3460:
3435:
3410:
3365:
3360:
3350:
3320:
3290:
3154:
3144:
3089:
3084:
3055:
3032:
2998:
2963:
2948:
2913:
2888:
2742:
2581:
2561:
2492:
2482:
2472:
2462:
2442:
2422:
2353:
2343:
2310:
2305:
2285:
2270:
2260:
2235:
2225:
2220:
2207:
2157:
2127:
2067:
2047:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2002:
1924:
1899:
1889:
1781:
1776:
1728:
1718:
1645:
1592:
1572:
1557:
1407:
1294:"Carry-over of persistent organochlorine pesticides through placenta to fetus"
1203:
Stewart, P. A.; Fears, T.; Kross, B.; Ogilvie, L.; Blair, A. (February 1999).
566:
397:
158:
1496:
1463:
1415:
1363:
1319:
1230:
1141:
1078:
4206:
4090:
4039:
3948:
3943:
3933:
3775:
3710:
3705:
3695:
3650:
3620:
3615:
3600:
3585:
3555:
3520:
3510:
3415:
3295:
3285:
3275:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3159:
3134:
3099:
3028:
3003:
2973:
2933:
2883:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2502:
2401:
2338:
2320:
2137:
2117:
2107:
2087:
2072:
1987:
1962:
1929:
1829:
1723:
1617:
1607:
1552:
1539:
1439:
956:
706:
541:
used on plants and animals. It is mainly used on apple trees for control of
1471:
1423:
1371:
1327:
1238:
994:
Müller, Franz; Streibert, Hans Peter; Farooq, Saleem (2009). "Acaricides".
782:
Phosmet is a moderately toxic compound, falling in EPA toxicity class II.
4373:
4075:
4008:
3963:
3893:
3861:
3760:
3740:
3730:
3595:
3515:
3445:
3430:
3315:
3310:
3215:
3149:
3094:
3018:
2968:
2898:
2878:
2697:
2599:
2594:
2566:
2541:
2497:
2477:
2182:
2167:
2057:
2042:
1997:
1947:
1884:
1665:
1622:
1602:
1567:
1547:
768:
646:
1282:
Washington, D.C.: Office of
Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances
984:
Washington, D.C.: Office of
Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances
4110:
4018:
3983:
3755:
3655:
3610:
3560:
3455:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3345:
3300:
3194:
3189:
3109:
3104:
2978:
2535:
2427:
2378:
2172:
2162:
2132:
2092:
2017:
1909:
1879:
1455:
710:
418:
218:
1355:
1221:
1204:
3635:
3425:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
2983:
2757:
2147:
2037:
1904:
1894:
1814:
1612:
485:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
206:
26:
4013:
3735:
3725:
3575:
3470:
2820:
2102:
1919:
604:
546:
138:
126:
116:
2604:
1874:
676:
compound can be observed in the bone and fat of the individual.
550:
197:
2712:
1500:
1869:
3165:
Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium bromide)
1280:
Reregistration
Decisions on Nine Phosmet “Time-Limited” Uses
268:
4278:
4191:
3211:
2-Ethoxycarbonyl-1-methylvinyl cyclohexyl methylphosphonate
4247:
1124:
Sittig's handbook of pesticides and agricultural chemicals
767:
acetylcholine can be antagonized by the administration of
503:
1209:
Scandinavian
Journal of Work, Environment & Health
618:
As an organophosphate, phosmet competitively inhibits
1205:"Exposure of farmers to phosmet, a swine insecticide"
4332:
4236:
4219:
4189:
4148:
4131:
4058:
2854:
2773:
2756:
2613:
2580:
2415:
2377:
2206:
1938:
1805:
1742:
1694:
1631:
1538:
1028:"Frequently Asked Questions About Organophosphates"
645:If signs of cholinesterase inhibition are present,
2775:
802:(LOAEL) of short and long-term exposure in rats.
697:-(methylsulfinylmethyl)-phthalamic acid (U3) and
230:
1344:Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology
982:Reregistration Eligibility Decision for Phosmet
582:Phosmet is an organophosphate, consisting of a
102:
4120:Many of the other AChE inhibitors listed above
1444:Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts
1063:(4th ed.). New York: Informa Healthcare.
996:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
4060:
2724:
1512:
8:
4399:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators
2856:
951:
949:
947:
945:
4404:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators
4283:Tooltip Vesicle-associated membrane protein
4196:Tooltip Vesicular acetylcholine transporter
4150:
1493:in the Pesticide Properties DataBase (PPDB)
474:
464:
4252:Tooltip Synaptosomal-associated protein 25
4233:
4145:
2770:
2731:
2717:
2709:
1519:
1505:
1497:
283:
188:
166:
18:
1309:
1278:Environmental Protection Agency. (2007).
1220:
980:Environmental Protection Agency. (2006).
653:are antidotal and may be coadministered.
250:
1032:National Center for Environmental Health
885:Phosmet is on the US Emergency Planning
804:
16:Organophosphate non-systemic insecticide
3356:Dimethyl 4-(methylthio)phenyl phosphate
916:
339:
304:
279:
887:List of Extremely Hazardous Substances
179:
3546:Methylfluorophosphonylcholine (MFPCh)
2796:2-(α-Naphthoyl)ethyltrimethylammonium
1274:
1272:
900:if inhaled or absorbed through skin.
433:72 °C (162 °F; 345 K)
311:Key: LMNZTLDVJIUSHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
146:
7:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1061:Principles of biochemical toxicology
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
800:lowest observed adverse effect level
4343:
2846:N,N-Dimethylaminoethylchloroacetate
1126:(2nd ed.). Norwich, New York.
598:Phosmet is produced by reaction of
321:Key: LMNZTLDVJIUSHT-UHFFFAOYAV
221:
205:
384:
14:
2780:Tooltip Choline acetyltransferase
3840:Fasciculins (green mamba toxins)
3331:Dicyclohexyl phosphorofluoridate
796:no observed adverse effect level
493:
375:
369:
342:O=C2c1ccccc1C(=O)N2CSP(=S)(OC)OC
34:
25:
4425:Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
3771:Tetraethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP)
3496:Hexaethyl tetraphosphate (HETP)
1311:10.1590/s0036-36342000000500003
489:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
2841:N,N-Dimethylaminoethylacrylate
387:
378:
363:
1:
4394:Receptor/signaling modulators
4166:Hemicholinium-3 (hemicholine)
4065:Tooltip Butyrylcholinesterase
1004:10.1002/14356007.a01_017.pub2
4430:Organophosphate insecticides
2861:Tooltip Acetylcholinesterase
413:White to off-white crystals
4155:Tooltip Choline transporter
4101:Profenamine (ethopropazine)
3341:Diisopropyl fluorophosphate
2806:4-(1-Naphthylvinyl)pyridine
2791:1-(-Benzoylethyl)pyridinium
2013:Diisopropyl fluorophosphate
1180:"Cholinesterase Inhibition"
998:. American Cancer Society.
4461:
4004:Dimethylcarbamoyl fluoride
2811:Acetylseco hemicholinium-3
1059:Timbrell, John A. (2009).
64:-dimethyl phosphorothioate
4386:
2692:Purpureocillium lilacinum
1651:Chromated copper arsenate
1583:m-Cumenyl methylcarbamate
1408:10.1016/j.tiv.2012.01.003
483:
447:
443:Decomposes at >100 °C
350:
330:
295:
86:
70:
47:
42:
33:
24:
3874:Methanesulfonyl fluoride
1696:Insect growth regulators
1253:"EXTOXNET PIP - PHOSMET"
1163:"CHL Report For Phosmet"
638:systems and some of the
578:Structure and reactivity
534:-derived, non-systemic,
3051:+glycopyrronium bromide
2685:Paenibacillus popilliae
1298:Salud Publica de Mexico
2801:3-Chloro-4-stillbazole
2664:Metarhizium anisopliae
2643:Beauveria brongniartii
2624:Bacillus thuringiensis
1676:Lead hydrogen arsenate
640:central nervous system
610:
2678:Lecanicillium lecanii
1122:Pohanish, Richard P.
925:"Phosmet Safety Card"
608:
4362:Atracotoxins (e.g.,
3989:Tetrahydrocannabinol
3336:Diisopropylphosphate
1825:Carbon tetrachloride
1184:pmep.cce.cornell.edu
891:highly toxic to bees
824:22.5 mg/kg/day
624:acetylcholinesterase
620:pseudocholinesterase
614:Mechanisms of action
49:Preferred IUPAC name
4440:Phosphorodithioates
4348:Tooltip Latrophilin
4050:Trimedoxime bromide
3979:Stercuronium iodide
3796:Tricresyl phosphate
3271:Chlorpyrifos-methyl
2657:Metarhizium acridum
2387:Chlorantraniliprole
1983:Chlorpyrifos-methyl
1656:Copper(II) arsenate
1641:Aluminium phosphide
1633:Inorganic compounds
1396:Toxicology in Vitro
835:1.8 mg/kg/day
832:1.1 mg/kg/day
405: g·mol
21:
3867:Onchidella binneyi
3209:Organophosphates:
2650:Isaria fumosorosea
2636:Beauveria bassiana
2532:Piperonyl butoxide
2333:chrysanthemic acid
1671:Diatomaceous earth
1456:10.1039/d3em00325f
821:15 mg/kg/day
636:peripheral nervous
611:
516:Infobox references
19:
4412:
4411:
4382:
4381:
4230:
4215:
4214:
4142:
4127:
4126:
3766:Tetrachlorvinphos
3641:Pirimiphos-methyl
3591:Oxydemeton-methyl
3541:Methyl phenkapton
2767:
2706:
2705:
2507:+milbemycin oxime
2188:Tetrachlorvinphos
2153:Pirimiphos-methyl
2113:Oxydemeton-methyl
1661:Copper(I) cyanide
1450:(12): 2042–2056.
1356:10.1002/jbt.20003
1257:extoxnet.orst.edu
1222:10.5271/sjweh.380
839:
838:
657:Biotransformation
609:Phosmet synthesis
524:Chemical compound
522:
521:
264:CompTox Dashboard
128:Interactive image
4452:
4349:
4345:
4284:
4280:
4253:
4249:
4234:
4224:
4197:
4193:
4156:
4152:
4146:
4136:
4066:
4062:
4030:Asoxime chloride
3606:Parathion-methyl
3306:Demeton-S-methyl
2862:
2858:
2781:
2777:
2771:
2761:
2733:
2726:
2719:
2710:
2392:Cyantraniliprole
2123:Parathion-methyl
1993:Demeton-S-methyl
1940:Organophosphorus
1521:
1514:
1507:
1498:
1476:
1475:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1313:
1289:
1283:
1276:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1224:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1159:
1146:
1145:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1109:
1094:
1083:
1082:
1056:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1039:
1024:
1018:
1017:
991:
985:
978:
972:
971:
969:
968:
953:
940:
939:
937:
936:
927:. Archived from
921:
857:Endocrine system
805:
506:
500:
497:
496:
478:
468:
404:
389:
386:
380:
377:
371:
365:
358:Chemical formula
288:
287:
272:
270:
254:
234:
223:
209:
192:
181:
170:
150:
130:
106:
38:
29:
22:
4460:
4459:
4455:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4450:
4449:
4415:
4414:
4413:
4408:
4378:
4347:
4328:
4288:Botulinum toxin
4282:
4257:Botulinum toxin
4251:
4223:
4211:
4195:
4185:
4171:Triethylcholine
4154:
4135:
4123:
4064:
4054:
3974:Rosmarinic acid
3741:Sulfotep (TEDP)
3411:Ethylsarin (GE)
3291:Cyclosarin (GF)
3261:Chlorfenvinphos
3251:Carbophenothion
3231:Azinphos-methyl
2860:
2850:
2816:Acryloylcholine
2779:
2760:
2752:
2737:
2707:
2702:
2671:Nomuraea rileyi
2609:
2576:
2416:Other chemicals
2411:
2373:
2202:
1973:Chlorfenvinphos
1958:Azinphos-methyl
1934:
1807:Organochlorides
1801:
1738:
1690:
1686:Scheele's Green
1627:
1534:
1525:
1485:
1480:
1479:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1277:
1270:
1261:
1259:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1188:
1186:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1149:
1134:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1107:
1105:
1098:"HSDB: PHOSMET"
1096:
1095:
1086:
1071:
1058:
1057:
1046:
1037:
1035:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1014:
993:
992:
988:
979:
975:
966:
964:
955:
954:
943:
934:
932:
923:
922:
918:
913:
883:
872:
864:
859:
844:
780:
758:
724:
691:
682:
673:
664:
659:
632:parasympathetic
616:
596:
588:dithiophosphate
580:
563:
536:organophosphate
525:
518:
513:
512:
511: ?)
502:
498:
494:
490:
457:
402:
392:
383:
374:
368:
360:
346:
343:
338:
337:
326:
323:
322:
319:
313:
312:
309:
303:
302:
291:
273:
266:
257:
237:
224:
212:
173:
153:
133:
120:
109:
96:
82:
80:
78:
76:
74:
66:
65:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4458:
4456:
4448:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4417:
4416:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4376:
4371:
4356:
4355:
4338:
4336:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4326:
4323:γ-bungarotoxin
4319:β-bungarotoxin
4308:
4307:
4273:
4272:
4242:
4240:
4231:
4217:
4216:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4209:
4200:
4198:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4174:
4173:
4168:
4159:
4157:
4143:
4129:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4069:
4067:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4022:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3877:
3876:
3871:
3859:
3837:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3581:Novichok agent
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3501:Isofluorophate
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3256:Chlorethoxyfos
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3226:Azinphos-ethyl
3223:
3218:
3213:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3066:Pyridostigmine
3063:
3058:
3053:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2865:
2863:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2784:
2782:
2768:
2754:
2753:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2728:
2721:
2713:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2688:
2681:
2674:
2667:
2660:
2653:
2646:
2639:
2632:
2627:
2619:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2586:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2488:Hydramethylnon
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2419:
2417:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2383:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2212:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1968:Chlorethoxyfos
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1944:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1811:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1748:
1746:
1744:Neonicotinoids
1740:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1700:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
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1629:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1544:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1516:
1509:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1484:
1483:External links
1481:
1478:
1477:
1429:
1402:(3): 406–413.
1385:
1333:
1304:(5): 384–390.
1284:
1268:
1244:
1195:
1171:
1147:
1132:
1114:
1084:
1069:
1044:
1019:
1013:978-3527306732
1012:
986:
973:
941:
915:
914:
912:
909:
882:
879:
871:
868:
863:
860:
858:
855:
843:
840:
837:
836:
833:
830:
826:
825:
822:
819:
815:
814:
811:
808:
779:
776:
757:
754:
723:
720:
690:
687:
681:
678:
672:
669:
663:
660:
658:
655:
615:
612:
595:
592:
579:
576:
562:
559:
523:
520:
519:
514:
492:
491:
487:standard state
484:
481:
480:
458:
453:
450:
449:
445:
444:
441:
435:
434:
431:
425:
424:
421:
415:
414:
411:
407:
406:
400:
394:
393:
390:
381:
372:
366:
361:
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161:
155:
154:
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143:
141:
135:
134:
132:
131:
123:
121:
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107:
99:
97:
92:
89:
88:
84:
83:
72:
68:
67:
52:
51:
45:
44:
40:
39:
31:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4457:
4446:
4445:Methyl esters
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4385:
4375:
4372:
4369:
4365:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4354:
4351:
4346:
4340:
4339:
4337:
4335:
4331:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4315:Bungarotoxins
4313:
4310:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4286:
4285:inactivators:
4281:
4275:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4255:
4254:inactivators:
4250:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4239:
4235:
4232:
4228:
4222:
4218:
4208:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4194:
4188:
4182:
4179:
4176:
4175:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4153:
4147:
4144:
4140:
4134:
4130:
4119:
4117:
4116:ZINC-12613047
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4063:
4057:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3959:Lactucopicrin
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3863:
3860:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3791:Trichloronate
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3566:Monocrotophos
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3531:Methamidophos
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3406:Echothiophate
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3207:Irreversible:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3071:Quilostigmine
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3061:Physostigmine
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:; Stigmines:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2929:Chloropropham
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2859:
2853:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2778:
2772:
2769:
2765:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2748:
2744:
2741:
2740:Acetylcholine
2734:
2729:
2727:
2722:
2720:
2715:
2714:
2711:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2675:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2615:Biopesticides
2612:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2579:
2573:
2572:Metaflumizone
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2453:Chlordimeform
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2397:Flubendiamide
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2376:
2370:
2369:Transfluthrin
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2276:Fenpropathrin
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2266:Esfenvalerate
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2098:Monocrotophos
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2078:Methamidophos
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
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1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
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1873:
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1741:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1709:Diflubenzuron
1707:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
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1492:
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1425:
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1389:
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1373:
1369:
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1361:
1357:
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1321:
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1312:
1307:
1303:
1299:
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1285:
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1275:
1273:
1269:
1258:
1254:
1248:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1199:
1196:
1185:
1181:
1175:
1172:
1164:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1133:9781455731480
1129:
1125:
1118:
1115:
1103:
1099:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1070:9780849373022
1066:
1062:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1033:
1029:
1023:
1020:
1015:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
990:
987:
983:
977:
974:
962:
958:
952:
950:
948:
946:
942:
931:on 2006-09-24
930:
926:
920:
917:
910:
908:
905:
901:
899:
894:
892:
888:
880:
878:
875:
869:
867:
861:
856:
854:
852:
848:
841:
834:
831:
828:
827:
823:
820:
817:
816:
812:
809:
807:
806:
803:
801:
797:
791:
787:
783:
777:
775:
772:
770:
765:
761:
755:
753:
750:
746:
744:
739:
736:
732:
728:
721:
719:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
688:
686:
679:
677:
670:
668:
661:
656:
654:
652:
648:
643:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
613:
607:
603:
601:
593:
591:
589:
585:
577:
575:
572:
568:
560:
558:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
537:
533:
529:
517:
510:
505:
488:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
459:
456:
452:
451:
448:Pharmacology
446:
442:
440:
439:Boiling point
437:
436:
432:
430:
429:Melting point
427:
426:
422:
420:
417:
416:
412:
409:
408:
401:
399:
396:
395:
362:
359:
355:
354:
349:
340:
336:
329:
315:
305:
301:
294:
286:
282:
281:DTXSID5024261
278:
277:
275:
265:
261:
260:
253:
249:
248:
246:
244:
241:
240:
233:
229:
228:
226:
220:
216:
215:
208:
204:
203:
201:
199:
196:
195:
191:
187:
184:
182:
180:ECHA InfoCard
177:
176:
169:
165:
164:
162:
160:
157:
156:
149:
145:
144:
142:
140:
137:
136:
129:
125:
124:
122:
118:
113:
112:
105:
101:
100:
98:
95:
91:
90:
85:
69:
63:
59:
55:
50:
46:
41:
37:
32:
28:
23:
4435:Phthalimides
4359:
4353:α-Latrotoxin
4341:
4311:
4276:
4245:
4203:
4177:
4162:
4106:Rivastigmine
4072:
4026:Reactivators
3999:Ungiminorine
3954:Kobophenol A
3919:Coronaridine
3909:Bulbocapnine
3904:Arisugacin A
3880:
3865:
3751:Tebupirimfos
3631:Phosphamidon
3625:
3536:Methidathion
3441:Fenitrothion
3266:Chlorpyrifos
3206:
3081:Terestigmine
3076:Rivastigmine
3038:Eptastigmine
2989:Phenmedipham
2959:Formparanate
2944:Ethiofencarb
2877:Carbamates:
2874:
2868:
2787:
2690:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2662:
2655:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2622:
2557:Tebufenpyrad
2552:Tebufenozide
2458:Chlorfenapyr
2433:Azadirachtin
2364:Tralomethrin
2359:Tetramethrin
2301:Metofluthrin
2256:Deltamethrin
2251:Cyphenothrin
2246:Cypermethrin
2231:Bioallethrin
2178:Tebupirimfos
2142:
2083:Methidathion
2053:Fenitrothion
1978:Chlorpyrifos
1953:Azamethiphos
1915:Methoxychlor
1797:Thiamethoxam
1787:Paichongding
1772:Imidaclothiz
1767:Imidacloprid
1757:Clothianidin
1734:Pyriproxyfen
1714:Flufenoxuron
1704:Benzoylureas
1563:Butocarboxim
1532:Insecticides
1528:Pest control
1488:
1447:
1443:
1432:
1399:
1395:
1388:
1350:(1): 30–36.
1347:
1343:
1336:
1301:
1297:
1287:
1279:
1260:. Retrieved
1256:
1247:
1215:(1): 33–38.
1212:
1208:
1198:
1187:. Retrieved
1183:
1174:
1123:
1117:
1106:. Retrieved
1101:
1060:
1036:. Retrieved
1031:
1022:
995:
989:
981:
976:
965:. Retrieved
960:
933:. Retrieved
929:the original
919:
906:
902:
897:
895:
884:
876:
873:
865:
850:
849:
845:
842:Fetal health
798:(NOAEL) and
792:
788:
784:
781:
773:
762:
759:
751:
747:
740:
737:
733:
729:
725:
722:Side effects
714:
702:
698:
694:
692:
683:
674:
671:Distribution
665:
644:
617:
599:
597:
581:
564:
543:codling moth
527:
526:
87:Identifiers
71:Other names
61:
57:
53:
4204:Inhibitors:
4181:Coluracetam
4163:Inhibitors:
4133:Transporter
4073:Inhibitors:
4045:Pralidoxime
3939:Cyclanoline
3889:α-Viniferin
3786:Trichlorfon
3551:Metrifonate
3466:Fosthiazate
3451:Fluorotabun
3326:Dicrotophos
3281:Crotylsarin
3125:Huperzine A
3120:Galantamine
3115:Edrophonium
3048:Neostigmine
3043:Ganstigmine
3009:Propamocarb
2954:Formetanate
2939:Ethienocarb
2919:Carbosulfan
2909:Carbetamide
2904:Carbendazim
2875:Reversible:
2788:Inhibitors:
2630:Baculovirus
2582:Metabolites
2547:Sulfluramid
2349:Silafluofen
2316:Prallethrin
2296:Imiprothrin
2291:Fluvalinate
2281:Fenvalerate
2241:Cyhalothrin
2216:Acrinathrin
2208:Pyrethroids
2198:Trichlorfon
2063:Fosthiazate
2008:Dicrotophos
1792:Thiacloprid
1762:Dinotefuran
1752:Acetamiprid
1681:Paris Green
1588:Ethienocarb
1578:Carbosulfan
818:Short-term
790:poisoning.
764:Pralidoxime
743:bradycardia
651:pralidoxime
628:sympathetic
584:phthalimide
567:fruit trees
555:fruit flies
549:, suckers,
539:insecticide
532:phthalimide
455:ATCvet code
410:Appearance
351:Properties
186:100.010.899
148:CHEBI:38786
81:Phthalophos
4419:Categories
4368:versutoxin
4364:robustoxin
4238:Inhibitors
4227:modulators
4178:Enhancers:
4139:modulators
4096:Ladostigil
4086:Conodurine
4081:Affinisine
3994:Ungeremine
3969:Phosacetim
3929:Corynoline
3924:Corydaline
3914:Conodurine
3899:Affinisine
3835:Demecarium
3833:; Others:
3746:Tabun (GA)
3736:Soman (GD)
3726:Sarin (GB)
3646:Profenofos
3506:Isoxathion
3491:Guanitoxin
3461:Formothion
3436:Fenamiphos
3366:Disulfoton
3361:Dioxathion
3351:Dimethoate
3321:Dichlorvos
3155:Ladostigil
3145:Ipidacrine
3090:Ambenonium
3085:Acotiamide
3083:; Others:
3056:Phenserine
3033:Distigmine
3024:Thiodicarb
2999:Pirimicarb
2964:Methiocarb
2949:Fenobucarb
2924:Chlorbufam
2914:Carbofuran
2889:Bendiocarb
2870:Inhibitors
2764:modulators
2750:modulators
2743:metabolism
2562:Veracevine
2493:Indoxacarb
2483:Fluralaner
2473:Fenoxycarb
2468:Fenazaquin
2463:Cyromazine
2443:Buprofezin
2423:Afoxolaner
2354:Tefluthrin
2344:Resmethrin
2311:Phenothrin
2306:Permethrin
2286:Flumethrin
2271:Etofenprox
2261:Empenthrin
2236:Cyfluthrin
2226:Bifenthrin
2221:Allethrins
2158:Quinalphos
2128:Phenthoate
2068:Isoxathion
2048:Fenamiphos
2033:Disulfoton
2028:Dioxathion
2023:Dimethoate
2003:Dichlorvos
1925:Tetradifon
1900:Heptachlor
1890:Endosulfan
1835:Cyclodiene
1782:Nithiazine
1777:Nitenpyram
1729:Methoprene
1719:Hydroprene
1646:Boric acid
1598:Isoprocarb
1593:Fenobucarb
1573:Carbofuran
1558:Bendiocarb
1540:Carbamates
1262:2024-03-14
1189:2018-03-23
1108:2018-03-28
1038:2018-03-23
967:2006-08-06
935:2006-08-06
911:References
829:Long-term
689:Metabolism
662:Absorption
423:1.03 g/cm
398:Molar mass
252:VN04LI540Y
159:ChemSpider
115:3D model (
94:CAS Number
77:Imidathion
75:Decemthion
4350:agonists:
4334:Enhancers
4207:Vesamicol
4091:Cymserine
4040:Obidoxime
4035:Methoxime
3949:Harmaline
3944:Cymserine
3934:Crimidine
3881:Unsorted:
3776:Triazofos
3716:Ro 3-0433
3711:Ro 3-0422
3706:Ro 3-0419
3701:Ro 3-0417
3696:Ro 3-0412
3691:Ro 3-0411
3686:Ro 3-0397
3681:Ro 3-0352
3676:Ro 3-0351
3671:Ro 3-0347
3666:Ro 3-0346
3661:Ro 3-0340
3651:Prothoate
3621:Phosfolan
3616:Phosalone
3601:Parathion
3586:Omethoate
3556:Mevinphos
3521:Malathion
3511:Leptophos
3416:Endothion
3296:Demephion
3286:Cyanophos
3276:Coumaphos
3246:Cadusafos
3241:Bensulide
3236:BAY-29952
3200:Zanapezil
3160:Minaprine
3140:Huprine Y
3135:Huprine X
3130:Huprine W
3100:Donepezil
3029:Thiofanox
3004:Promecarb
2994:Pinmicarb
2974:Metolcarb
2934:Dimetilan
2894:Bufencarb
2884:Aminocarb
2836:CM-54,903
2747:transport
2528:Adjuvants
2523:Sarolaner
2518:Pyriprole
2513:Pyridaben
2503:Lotilaner
2438:Bensultap
2402:Ryanodine
2339:Pyrethrum
2321:Pyrethrin
2138:Phosalone
2118:Parathion
2108:Omethoate
2088:Mevinphos
2073:Malathion
1988:Coumaphos
1963:Bensulide
1930:Toxaphene
1830:Chlordane
1724:Lufenuron
1618:Promecarb
1608:Metolcarb
1553:Aminocarb
1464:2050-7895
1416:1879-3177
1364:1095-6670
1320:0036-3634
1231:0355-3140
1142:893680450
1079:243818515
957:"Phosmet"
889:. It is
870:Androgens
862:Estrogens
756:Treatment
707:sulfoxide
680:Excretion
594:Synthesis
4390:See also
4374:Crotoxin
4076:Affinine
4009:BW284C51
3964:Lycorine
3894:Affinine
3884:α-Pinene
3862:Onchidal
3781:Tribufos
3761:Terbufos
3731:Schradan
3596:Paraoxon
3516:Malaoxon
3446:Fenthion
3431:Ethoprop
3316:Diazinon
3311:Dialifor
3216:Acephate
3150:Itopride
3095:Caffeine
3019:Propoxur
2969:Methomyl
2899:Carbaryl
2879:Aldicarb
2698:Spinosad
2600:Paraoxon
2595:Malaoxon
2567:Xanthone
2542:Spinosad
2498:Limonene
2478:Fipronil
2407:Ryanodol
2379:Ryanoids
2193:Tribufos
2183:Terbufos
2168:Schradan
2058:Fenthion
2043:Ethoprop
1998:Diazinon
1948:Acephate
1885:Dieldrin
1820:Beta-HCH
1666:Cryolite
1623:Propoxur
1603:Methomyl
1568:Carbaryl
1548:Aldicarb
1472:37850503
1424:22265773
1380:43310772
1372:14994277
1328:11125622
1239:10204668
961:EXTOXNET
851:In vitro
778:Toxicity
769:atropine
715:in vitro
709:(U3) or
647:atropine
471:QP53BB03
461:QP53AF06
104:732-11-6
20:Phosmet
4360:Others:
4312:Others:
4248:SNAP-25
4221:Release
4111:Tacrine
4019:3152 CT
3984:Taspine
3756:Temefos
3656:R-16661
3626:Phosmet
3611:Phorate
3561:Mipafox
3526:Mazidox
3456:Fonofos
3401:EA-4352
3396:EA-3148
3391:EA-2613
3386:EA-2192
3381:EA-2098
3376:EA-2054
3371:EA-2012
3346:Dimefox
3301:Demeton
3195:Tacrine
3190:TL-1238
3110:EA-4056
3105:EA-3990
3014:Propham
2979:Miotine
2536:Sesamex
2428:Amitraz
2173:Temefos
2163:R-16661
2143:Phosmet
2133:Phorate
2093:Mipafox
2018:Dimefox
1910:Lindane
1880:Dicofol
1855:1,2-DCE
1850:1,1-DCE
1845:1,4-DCB
1840:1,2-DCB
1490:Phosmet
896:May be
711:sulfone
561:History
528:Phosmet
509:what is
507: (
473: (
469:)
463: (
419:Density
219:PubChem
3721:Ronnel
3636:Phoxim
3426:Ethion
3221:Armine
3185:TL-599
3180:T-1194
3175:T-1152
3170:T-1123
2984:Oxamyl
2758:Enzyme
2448:Cartap
2148:Phoxim
2038:Ethion
1905:Kepone
1895:Endrin
1815:Aldrin
1613:Oxamyl
1470:
1462:
1422:
1414:
1378:
1370:
1362:
1326:
1318:
1237:
1229:
1140:
1130:
1102:TOXNET
1077:
1067:
1010:
963:. 1996
881:Safety
813:LOAEL
810:NOAEL
634:, and
586:and a
553:, and
547:aphids
504:verify
501:
403:317.31
335:SMILES
207:C18756
79:Imidan
73:Fosmet
43:Names
4192:VAChT
4014:TMTFA
3576:Naled
3481:GT-45
3471:GD-42
2821:AF64A
2103:Naled
1920:Mirex
1376:S2CID
1166:(PDF)
1034:. CDC
898:fatal
571:pests
551:mites
530:is a
300:InChI
232:12901
168:12367
139:ChEBI
117:JSmol
4344:LPHN
4279:VAMP
4061:BChE
3571:MSPI
2857:AChE
2831:BETA
2826:B115
2776:ChAT
2745:and
2605:TCPy
2590:Oxon
1875:DFDT
1468:PMID
1460:ISSN
1420:PMID
1412:ISSN
1368:PMID
1360:ISSN
1324:PMID
1316:ISSN
1235:PMID
1227:ISSN
1138:OCLC
1128:ISBN
1075:OCLC
1065:ISBN
1008:ISBN
649:and
622:and
243:UNII
198:KEGG
4151:CHT
3421:EPN
1870:DDT
1865:DDE
1860:DDD
1452:doi
1404:doi
1352:doi
1306:doi
1217:doi
1000:doi
476:WHO
466:WHO
269:EPA
222:CID
4421::
4366:,
4321:,
4302:,
4298:,
4294:,
4267:,
4263:,
4028::
3854:,
3850:,
3846:,
3831:VX
3826:VR
3821:VS
3816:VP
3811:VM
3806:VG
3801:VE
3486:GV
3476:GH
2534:,
2331:;
2329:II
2327:,
1530::
1466:.
1458:.
1448:25
1446:.
1442:.
1418:.
1410:.
1400:26
1398:.
1374:.
1366:.
1358:.
1348:18
1346:.
1322:.
1314:.
1302:42
1300:.
1296:.
1271:^
1255:.
1233:.
1225:.
1213:25
1211:.
1207:.
1182:.
1150:^
1136:.
1100:.
1087:^
1073:.
1047:^
1030:.
1006:.
959:.
944:^
893:.
771:.
630:,
557:.
479:)
373:12
367:11
56:-
4370:)
4325:)
4317:(
4306:)
4304:G
4300:F
4296:D
4292:B
4290:(
4271:)
4269:E
4265:C
4261:A
4259:(
4229:)
4225:(
4141:)
4137:(
3870:)
3864:(
3858:)
3856:4
3852:3
3848:2
3844:1
3842:(
2872::
2766:)
2762:(
2732:e
2725:t
2718:v
2538:)
2530:(
2509:)
2505:(
2335:)
2325:I
2323:(
1520:e
1513:t
1506:v
1474:.
1454::
1426:.
1406::
1382:.
1354::
1330:.
1308::
1265:.
1241:.
1219::
1192:.
1168:.
1144:.
1111:.
1081:.
1041:.
1016:.
1002::
970:.
938:.
703:S
699:N
695:N
600:N
499:Y
391:2
388:S
385:P
382:4
379:O
376:N
370:H
364:C
271:)
267:(
119:)
62:O
60:,
58:O
54:S
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