33:
286:. There are multiple hypotheses for how oxygenic photosynthesis evolved. The loss hypothesis states that PSI and PSII were present in anoxygenic ancestor cyanobacteria from which the different branches of anoxygenic bacteria evolved. The fusion hypothesis states that the photosystems merged later through
290:. The most recent hypothesis suggests that PSI and PSII diverged from an unknown common ancestor with a protein complex that was coded by one gene. These photosystems then specialized into the ones that are found today.
338:
that gradually lost the genes required to be free-living. However, it is difficult to determine whether all chloroplasts originated from a single, primary endosymbiotic event, or multiple independent events. Some
330:
and are believed to have originated about 2 billion years ago. Comparing the genes of chloroplast and cyanobacteria strongly suggests that chloroplasts evolved as a result of
720:
730:
32:
764:
448:
Hodgskiss, Malcolm S. W.; Crockford, Peter W.; Peng, Yongbo; Wing, Boswell A.; Horner, Tristan J. (27 August 2019).
184:
168:
141:
759:
287:
164:
670:
Yoon, Hwan Su; Hackett, Jeremiah D.; Ciniglia, Claudia; Pinto, Gabriele; Bhattacharya, Debashish (May 2004).
769:
671:
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192:
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boundary. Although the end of the Great
Oxidation Event was marked by a significant decrease in gross
528:
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67:
36:
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59:
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282:, which are pigment protein complexes for capturing light. Both of these photosystems use
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331:
307:
224:
119:
105:
51:
515:
Lyons, Timothy W.; Reinhard, Christopher T.; Planavsky, Noah J. (February 2014).
151:. The vast majority of known photoautotrophs perform photosynthesis that produce
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319:
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160:
126:
122:
108:
17:
722:
Convergent
Evolution on Earth. Lessons for the Search for Extraterrestrial Life
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Organisms that use light and inorganic carbon to produce organic materials
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144:
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63:
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Cyanobacteria is the only prokaryotic group that performs oxygenic
211:
enabled more energetic metabolism of organic molecules, leading to
672:"A Molecular Timeline for the Origin of Photosynthetic Eukaryotes"
187:
had been taking place since a billion years before that. Oxygenic
91:
87:
31:
179:
Chemical and geological evidence indicate that photosynthetic
581:
Sánchez-Baracaldo, Patricia; Cardona, Tanai (February 2020).
583:"On the origin of oxygenic photosynthesis and Cyanobacteria"
517:"The rise of oxygen in Earth's early ocean and atmosphere"
450:"A productivity collapse to end Earth's Great Oxidation"
191:
was the primary source of free oxygen and led to the
207:
that eclipsed extinction events, the development of
104:photoautotrophs absorb photonic energy through the
647:"The evolution of photosynthesis and chloroplasts"
387:"Thinking About the Evolution of Photosynthesis"
195:roughly 2.4 to 2.1 billion years ago during the
454:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
8:
82:). Such biological activities are known as
39:showing Photoautotrophs in purple and green
687:
608:
598:
491:
473:
270:. Anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria use
86:, and examples of such organisms include
183:existed about 2.6 billion years ago and
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223:, and allowing the diversification of
129:photoautotrophs use chlorophylls and
7:
640:
638:
636:
576:
574:
376:
374:
372:
235:Prokaryotic photoautotrophs include
175:Origin and the Great Oxidation Event
298:Eukaryotic photoautotrophs include
411:10.1023/B:PRES.0000030457.06495.83
159:, while a small minority (such as
25:
359:) also evolved photoautotrophy.
676:Molecular Biology and Evolution
719:George R. McGhee, Jr. (2019).
1:
74:needed to sustain their own
231:Prokaryotic photoautotrophs
786:
326:through organelles called
322:. These organisms perform
294:Eukaryotic photoautotrophs
725:. MIT Press. p. 47.
645:Björn, Lars (June 2009).
185:anoxygenic photosynthesis
169:anoxygenic photosynthesis
133:present in free-floating
288:horizontal gene transfer
165:sulfur-reducing bacteria
475:10.1073/pnas.1900325116
391:Photosynthesis Research
263:, and Eremiobacterota.
383:Blankenship, Robert E.
40:
689:10.1093/molbev/msh075
193:Great Oxidation Event
35:
205:primary productivity
147:derivatives such as
131:bacteriochlorophylls
765:Biology terminology
541:10.1038/nature13068
533:2014Natur.506..307L
466:2019PNAS..11617207H
460:(35): 17207–17212.
403:2004PhoRe..80..373O
284:bacteriochlorophyll
209:aerobic respiration
140:or, in rare cases,
68:inorganic compounds
41:
37:Winogradsky column
600:10.1111/nph.16249
527:(7488): 307–315.
149:bacteriorhodopsin
72:organic materials
50:that can utilize
16:(Redirected from
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659:(11): 1466–1474.
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593:(4): 1440–1446.
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397:(1–3): 373–386.
381:Olson, John M.;
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346:Gigantoproductus
201:Paleoproterozoic
21:
18:Photoautotrophic
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261:Gemmatimonadota
249:Acidobacteriota
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44:Photoautotrophs
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23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
783:
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770:Photosynthesis
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682:(5): 809–818.
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324:photosynthesis
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268:photosynthesis
241:Pseudomonadota
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189:photosynthesis
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142:membrane-bound
84:photosynthesis
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732:9780262354189
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336:cyanobacteria
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332:endosymbiosis
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308:stramenopiles
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245:Chloroflexota
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237:Cyanobacteria
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213:symbiogenesis
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736:. Retrieved
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328:chloroplasts
316:chlorophytes
312:cryptophytes
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280:photosystems
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234:
225:complex life
178:
123:chloroplasts
120:endosymbiont
106:photopigment
100:
52:light energy
43:
42:
26:
341:brachiopods
320:land plants
304:haptophytes
253:Chlorobiota
161:haloarchaea
135:cytoplasmic
127:prokaryotic
118:) in their
109:chlorophyll
70:to produce
754:Categories
363:References
227:on Earth.
221:eukaryotes
197:Neoarchean
167:) perform
138:thylakoids
116:derivative
102:Eukaryotic
80:autotrophy
76:metabolism
738:23 August
698:1537-1719
619:0028-646X
549:0028-0836
484:0027-8424
419:0166-8595
300:red algae
257:Bacillota
217:evolution
157:byproduct
113:porphyrin
62:(such as
48:organisms
706:14963099
627:31598981
557:24553238
502:31405980
427:16328834
385:(2004).
356:Tridacna
351:bivalves
215:and the
125:, while
60:elements
56:sunlight
565:4443958
529:Bibcode
493:6717284
462:Bibcode
435:1720483
399:Bibcode
145:retinal
66:) from
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521:Nature
500:
490:
482:
433:
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349:) and
318:, and
278:-like
274:- and
153:oxygen
88:plants
78:(i.e.
64:carbon
561:S2CID
431:S2CID
334:with
155:as a
92:algae
54:from
740:2022
727:ISBN
702:PMID
694:ISSN
623:PMID
615:ISSN
553:PMID
545:ISSN
498:PMID
480:ISSN
423:PMID
415:ISSN
276:PSII
163:and
94:and
58:and
46:are
684:doi
605:hdl
595:doi
591:225
537:doi
525:506
488:PMC
470:doi
458:116
407:doi
272:PSI
219:of
111:(a
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353:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
