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When exposed to the sun, the exposed areas seem to polymerize becoming insoluble, while the unexposed areas are still soluble. The plate is developed over a tray with petroleum-derived spirits like kerosene and turpentine, which washes away the unexposed areas. The process lasts 5 to 10 minutes and
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The resin is melted and a little portion of it is dissolved on alcohol. Then a silver plate, a glass plate or a mirror is coated with the solution and allowed to dry on a tray. Once it's completely dry, the alcohol evaporation leaves a residue of tiny dispersed resin particles that give the plate a
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On his way to
England, Niépce met in Paris with Louis Daguerre, who had a reputation as camera obscura specialist. Hoping to shorten the exposure time of his bitumen process, Niépce decided in 1829, to associate Daguerre to his research. This association did not bring any noticeable progress to the
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The process gives directly positive images, since the white deposit remains on the plate, at places that were touched by light, while the kerosene fumes render transparent the zones that were not illuminated. However, with the effect of reflections on the metal appearing at places where the white
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Niépce and
Daguerre obtained this residue evaporating lavender oil by heating it until they got a dry product. After evaporation, only a dark brown tar desiccated by heat is left, becoming hard and brittle. Nowadays the lavender oil and the evaporation process is usually replaced with the use of
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Niépce and
Daguerre would then dissolve a small amount of this tar in alcohol, then pour the solution on a well polished silver plate. Modern photographers interested in the process found out that the solution has to be about 1%. Any dirt or grease on the plate will show on the final
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bitumen process, however, the two partners discovered new photographic processes using as photosensitive agents tree resins and the residue of lavender oil distillation. With those, the exposure time went down to about 8 hours in the sun.
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residue dissolved in alcohol as the photographic agent. The solution was coated onto a silver or glass plate and allowed to dry, after which it had a powdery white appearance. The plate was then exposed in a
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for about 8 hours and developed with petroleum-based spirit vapors, which caused the least strongly exposed areas to become proportionally more transparent, creating a photographic image that was
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the solvent must never touch the plate. If left over the vapors for longer, the plate continues developing itself, with the final product of a clear plate with nothing on it.
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After the alcohol evaporation, a uniform white deposit remained on the plate. The thus prepared plate was exposed to light in the
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The photosensitive agent of this process fine-tuned by Niépce and
Daguerre in 1832 was the residue of lavender oil distillation.
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After exposure, the plate was put upside down above a tray holding oil of white petroleum (something like
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146:"Identification of the image called "La Table Servie" as a physautotype made by Niepce in 1832 - 1833"
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believed to be a circa 1832 Niépce physautotype (glass original accidentally destroyed circa 1900)
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237:"Disactis - Photographie par les Procédés Anciens: Physautotype ou l'avant Daguerreotype"
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36:) was a photographic process, invented in the course of his investigation of
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Capturing the Light: A Story of Genius, Rivalry and the Birth of
Photography
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deposit has become transparent, images can be seen as positive or negative.
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168:"Daguerre and the Invention of Photography (Physautotype)"
185:"Art & Architecture Thesaurus, s.v. "physautotypes""
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in 1832, in which images were produced by the use of
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Photographic processes dating from the 19th century
241:Disactis - Photographie par les Procédés Anciens
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100:that's melted without any further treatment.
61:when viewed against a darker background.
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260:AlternativePhotography (2012-06-14).
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321:Alternative photographic processes
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311:Audiovisual introductions in 1832
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235:Turban, Lionel (2011-11-10).
46:Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre
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266:AlternativePhotography.com
262:"The physautotype process"
79:white, blurry appearance.
111:for about 7 to 8 hours.
42:Joseph Nicéphore Niépce
148:. Université Paris-Sud
144:Jean-Louis Marignier.
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297:at Wikimedia Commons
170:. Photo-museum.org.
74:Chemical principle
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293:Media related to
221:978-0-230-77151-2
214:. Pan Macmillan.
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50:lavender oil
34:physautotype
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191:10 December
187:. Getty.edu
38:heliography
305:Categories
271:2019-02-14
246:2019-02-14
131:References
120:turpentine
22:still life
210:(2013).
116:kerosene
59:positive
87:Process
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152:20 May
104:image.
40:, by
216:ISBN
193:2007
154:2016
44:and
28:The
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