1984:
47:
1651:" because the other natural sciences (like biology, geology etc.) deal with systems that seem to obey the laws of physics. According to physics, the physical laws of matter, energy and the fundamental forces of nature govern the interactions between particles and physical entities (such as planets, molecules, atoms or the subatomic particles). Some of the basic pursuits of physics, which include some of the most prominent developments in modern science in the last millennium, include:
1615:β law or rule that has to be, or usually is to be followed, or can be desirably followed, or is an inevitable consequence of something, such as the laws observed in nature or the way that a system is constructed. The principles of such a system are understood by its users as the essential characteristics of the system, or reflecting system's designed purpose, and the effective operation or use of which would be impossible if any one of the principles was to be ignored.
656:. It in turn has many branches, each referred to as a "physical science", together called the "physical sciences". However, the term "physical" creates an unintended, somewhat arbitrary distinction, since many branches of physical science also study biological phenomena (organic chemistry, for example). The four main branches of physical science are astronomy, physics, chemistry, and the Earth sciences, which include meteorology and geology.
452:
3051:
1220:β history of the coupling of the mechanical and the chemical phenomena on a molecular scale and includes mechanical breakage, chemical behavior of mechanically stressed solids (e.g., stress-corrosion cracking), tribology, polymer degradation under shear, cavitation-related phenomena (e.g., sonochemistry and sonoluminescence), shock wave chemistry and physics, and even the burgeoning field of molecular machines.
3061:
3071:
623:. In this realm, chemistry deals with such topics as the properties of individual atoms, the manner in which atoms form chemical bonds in the formation of compounds, the interactions of substances through intermolecular forces to give matter its general properties, and the interactions between substances through chemical reactions to form different substances.
467:
1150:β history of the chemistry of radioactive materials, where radioactive isotopes of elements are used to study the properties and chemical reactions of non-radioactive isotopes (often within radiochemistry the absence of radioactivity leads to a substance being described as being inactive as the isotopes are stable).
990:β history of the branch of atmospheric science in which the chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere and that of other planets is studied. It is a multidisciplinary field of research and draws on environmental chemistry, physics, meteorology, computer modeling, oceanography, geology and volcanology, and other disciplines
698:β history of the study of the universe beyond Earth, including its formation and development, and the evolution, physics, chemistry, meteorology, and motion of celestial objects (such as galaxies, planets, etc.) and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth (such as the cosmic background radiation).
1202:β history of the branch of chemistry that studies chemical reactions which take place in a solution at the interface of an electron conductor (a metal or a semiconductor) and an ionic conductor (the electrolyte), and which involve electron transfer between the electrode and the electrolyte or species in solution.
606:β study of celestial objects (such as stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets and nebulae), the physics, chemistry, and evolution of such objects, and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth, including supernovae explosions, gamma-ray bursts, and cosmic microwave background radiation.
2531:
The term 'universe' is defined as everything that physically exists: the entirety of space and time, all forms of matter, energy and momentum, and the physical laws and constants that govern them. However, the term 'universe' may also be used in slightly different contextual senses, denoting concepts
568:
must be verified scientifically to be regarded as scientific theory. Validity, accuracy, and social mechanisms ensuring quality control, such as peer review and repeatability of findings, are amongst the criteria and methods used for this purpose. Natural science can be broken into two main
1291:β history of the branch of engineering that deals with physical science (e.g., chemistry and physics), and life sciences (e.g., biology, microbiology and biochemistry) with mathematics and economics, to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms.
942:β history of the branch of mechanics concerned with the analysis of loads (force, torque/moment) on physical systems in static equilibrium, that is, in a state where the relative positions of subsystems do not vary over time, or where components and structures are at a constant velocity.
1042:β history of the discipline at the intersection of chemistry, especially synthetic organic chemistry, and pharmacology and various other biological specialties, where they are involved with design, chemical synthesis, and development for market of pharmaceutical agents (drugs).
636:β all-embracing term referring to the fields of science dealing with planet Earth. Earth science is the study of how the natural environment (ecosphere or Earth system) works and how it evolved to its current state. It includes the study of the atmosphere, hydrosphere,
1285:β history of the scientific discipline spanning the fields of chemistry and biology that involves the application of chemical techniques and tools, often compounds produced through synthetic chemistry, to the study and manipulation of biological systems.
964:β history of the physical science of atomic matter (matter that is composed of chemical elements), especially its chemical reactions, but also including its properties, structure, composition, behavior, and changes as they relate the chemical reactions
746:β history of the natural science that deals with the study of celestial objects (such as stars, planets, comets, nebulae, star clusters, and galaxies) and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth (such as cosmic background radiation)
2678:
as the single most prolific scientific concept: "If, in some cataclysm, all scientific knowledge were to be destroyed one sentence what statement would contain the most information in the fewest words? I believe it is that
1394:β history of the study of the dynamic interface between the ocean and the land, incorporating both the physical geography (i.e. coastal geomorphology, geology and oceanography) and the human geography (sociology and history) of the coast.
1909:, which assumes that people's destiny and human affairs in general correlate to the apparent positions of astronomical objects in the sky β although the two fields share a common origin, they are quite different; astronomers embrace the
1430:β history of the Population dynamics is the branch of life sciences that studies short-term and long-term changes in the size and age composition of populations, and the biological and environmental processes influencing those changes.
1333:β history of the Surface science is the study of physical and chemical phenomena that occur at the interface of two phases, including solidβliquid interfaces, solidβgas interfaces, solidβvacuum interfaces, and liquidβgas interfaces.
1054:β history of the chemical compound or substance produced by a living organism β history of the found in nature that usually has a pharmacological or biological activity for use in pharmaceutical drug discovery and drug design.
924:β history of the field of physics that studies polymers, their fluctuations, mechanical properties, as well as the kinetics of reactions involving degradation and polymerization of polymers and monomers respectively.
2783:
2681:
all things are made up of atoms β little particles that move around in perpetual motion, attracting each other when they are a little distance apart, but repelling upon being squeezed into one another
592:
and its motion through space and time, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.
1406:β history of the scientific study of the distribution and abundance of living organisms and how the distribution and abundance are affected by interactions between the organisms and their environment.
1106:β history of the study of the role of various elements in watersheds, including copper, sulfur, mercury, and how elemental fluxes are exchanged through atmospheric-terrestrial-aquatic interactions
1524:β history of the study of the movement, distribution, and quality of water on Earth and other planets, including the hydrologic cycle, water resources and environmental watershed sustainability.
1454:β history of the Environmental geology, like hydrogeology, is an applied science concerned with the practical application of the principles of geology in the solving of environmental problems.
1158:β history of the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation (by synthesis or by other means) of carbon-based compounds, hydrocarbons, and their derivatives.
1480:β history of the science and the technology which develops and uses information science infrastructure to address the problems of geography, geosciences and related branches of engineering.
864:β history of the branch of mechanics that deals with the analysis of the kinematics and the mechanical behavior of materials modeled as a continuous mass rather than as discrete particles.
846:β history of the branch of physics concerned with the behavior of physical bodies when subjected to forces or displacements, and the subsequent effects of the bodies on their environment.
1351:β history of the umbrella term for the study of the atmosphere, its processes, the effects other systems have on the atmosphere, and the effects of the atmosphere on these other systems.
896:β history of the branch of physics which involves the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it.
2597:; and required invention to devise the techniques, abstractions, apparatus, and organization for exhibiting the regularities and securing their law-like descriptions." βp.vii,
1468:β history of the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth, including its gravitational field, in a three-dimensional time-varying space
858:β history of one of the two major sub-fields of mechanics, which is concerned with the set of physical laws describing the motion of bodies under the action of a system of forces.
840:β history of the application of mathematics to problems in physics and the development of mathematical methods for such applications and for the formulation of physical theories.
1214:β history of the area of research engaged in novel applications of mathematics to chemistry; it concerns itself principally with the mathematical modeling of chemical phenomena.
2324:β the branches of science that study the atmosphere, its processes, the effects other systems have on the atmosphere, and the effects of the atmosphere on these other systems.
996:β history of the study of chemical processes in living organisms, including, but not limited to, living matter. Biochemistry governs all living organisms and living processes.
804:β history of cryogenics is the study of the production of very low temperature (below β150 Β°C, β238 Β°F or 123K) and the behavior of materials at those temperatures.
902:β history of the branch of physics that studies the existence and interactions of particles that are the constituents of what is usually referred to as matter or radiation.
1002:β history of the study of both chemistry and biochemistry which are important in agricultural production, the processing of raw products into foods and beverages, and in
1208:β history of the Femtochemistry is the science that studies chemical reactions on extremely short timescales, approximately 10 seconds (one femtosecond, hence the name).
1196:β history of the study of the interrelation of heat and work with chemical reactions or with physical changes of state within the confines of the laws of thermodynamics.
757:
1492:β history of the planetary science discipline concerned with the geology of the celestial bodies such as the planets and their moons, asteroids, comets, and meteorites.
1250:β history of the area of chemistry beyond the molecules and focuses on the chemical systems made up of a discrete number of assembled molecular subunits or components.
740:β history of the scientific study of planets (including Earth), moons, and planetary systems, in particular those of the Solar System and the processes that form them.
1588:, classification and mapping; physical, chemical, biological, and fertility properties of soils; and these properties in relation to the use and management of soils.
2593:"... modern science is a discovery as well as an invention. It was a discovery that nature generally acts regularly enough to be described by laws and even by
1276:β history of the study of the synthesis, structure, and properties of solid phase materials, particularly, but not necessarily exclusively of, non-molecular solids
852:β history of the study of the structure and function of biological systems such as humans, animals, plants, organs, and cells by means of the methods of mechanics.
734:β history of the study of the largest-scale structures and dynamics of the universe and is concerned with fundamental questions about its formation and evolution.
1060:β history of the specific study of neurochemicals, which include neurotransmitters and other molecules such as neuro-active drugs that influence neuron function.
1530:β history of the area of geology that deals with the distribution and movement of groundwater in the soil and rocks of the Earth's crust (commonly in aquifers).
1345:β history of the all-embracing term for the sciences related to the planet Earth. Earth science, and all of its branches, are branches of physical science.
1983:
816:β history of the interdisciplinary research field, applying theories and methods originally developed by physicists in order to solve problems in economics
1321:β history of the science and study of all aspects of wine and winemaking except vine-growing and grape-harvesting, which is a subfield called viticulture.
2646:
knowledge or a system of knowledge covering general truths or the operation of general laws especially as obtained and tested through scientific method
1232:β history of the branch of chemistry whose primary focus is the application of quantum mechanics in physical models and experiments of chemical systems.
2988:
1127:
3107:
1594:β history of the study of surface shape and features of the Earth and other observable astronomical objects including planets, moons, and asteroids.
1164:β history of the branch of chemistry that studies the transformation of crude oil (petroleum) and natural gas into useful products or raw materials.
2699:"Physical science is that department of knowledge which relates to the order of nature, or, in other words, to the regular succession of events." (
704:β history of the application of ballistics and celestial mechanics to the practical problems concerning the motion of rockets and other spacecraft.
1184:β history of the study of macroscopic, atomic, subatomic, and particulate phenomena in chemical systems in terms of physical laws and concepts.
976:β history of the study of the abundance and reactions of chemical elements and molecules in the universe, and their interaction with radiation.
948:β history of the study of rigid matter, or solids, through methods such as quantum mechanics, crystallography, electromagnetism, and metallurgy.
792:β history of the study and implementation of numerical algorithms to solve problems in physics for which a quantitative theory already exists.
3205:
2945:
1460:β history of the branch of biology, chemistry, and medicine concerned with the study of the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms.
970:β history of the study of the separation, identification, and quantification of the chemical components of natural and artificial materials.
1578:β history of the scientific study of earthquakes and the propagation of elastic waves through the Earth or through other planet-like bodies
1376:β history of the study of the distribution of species (biology), organisms, and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time.
710:β history of the branch of astronomy that involves precise measurements of the positions and movements of stars and other celestial bodies.
72:
46:
1853:
Solar System. Ancient cultures saw the Earth as the centre of the Solar System or universe (geocentrism). In the 16th century, Nicolaus
1438:β history of the Environmental chemistry is the scientific study of the chemical and biochemical phenomena that occur in natural places.
1270:β history of the multidisciplinary science that deals with the chemical synthesis and chemical properties of polymers or macromolecules.
1247:
1169:
795:
663:β history of the physical science that studies matter and its motion through space-time, and related concepts such as energy and force
573:(for example biology) and physical science. Each of these branches, and all of their sub-branches, are referred to as natural sciences.
1193:
1065:
908:β history of the quantitatively investigates the relationship between physical stimuli and the sensations and perceptions they affect.
2920:
2893:
2868:
2610:
2578:
1512:β history of the physics of the Earth and its environment in space; also the study of the Earth using quantitative physical methods.
1009:
495:
828:β history of the physics of the Earth and its environment in space; also the study of the Earth using quantitative physical methods
2466:
1397:
1364:
1273:
1112:β history of the study of the relative and absolute concentrations of the elements and their isotopes using chemistry and geology
987:
1486:β history of the study of the Earth, with the general exclusion of present-day life, flow within the ocean, and the atmosphere.
2859:
2808:
2666:
1288:
967:
933:
109:
2765:
1427:
982:β history of the study of the chemical composition of matter in the universe and the processes that led to those compositions
855:
77:
1441:
1223:
930:β history of the branch of physics dealing with physical phenomena where the action is on the order of the Planck constant.
876:β history of the branch of physics dealing with physical phenomena where the action is on the order of the Planck constant.
2981:
1181:
1051:
1024:β history of the new branch of chemistry that covers a broad spectrum of research activities involving biological systems.
731:
2742:
3100:
2096:
1435:
1306:
1267:
1229:
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1074:β history of the use of computer and informational techniques, applied to a range of problems in the field of chemistry.
1027:
873:
737:
719:
1710:
Different forms of Energy, their interconversion and the inevitable loss of energy in the form of heat (Thermodynamics)
1309:β history of the interdisciplinary field applying the properties of matter to various areas of science and engineering.
1211:
3184:
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1199:
1068:β history of the branch of chemistry that uses principles of computer science to assist in solving chemical problems.
1021:
899:
834:β history of the use of physics to describe materials in many different ways such as force, heat, light and mechanics.
819:
789:
649:
525:. It in turn has many branches, each referred to as a "physical science", together is called the "physical sciences".
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1130:β history of the study of the spatial variation in the chemical composition of materials at the surface of the Earth
1077:
1039:
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751:
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927:
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882:β history of the branch of physical science concerned with heat and its relation to other forms of energy and work.
867:
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553:
1542:β history of the interdisciplinary scientific study of the atmosphere which explains and forecasts weather events.
1489:
1391:
1187:
1071:
1036:β history of the branch of chemistry that involves the study of the reactions and components on the immune system.
831:
3054:
3021:
2505:
2500:
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1256:β history of the study of the energy and heat associated with chemical reactions and/or physical transformations.
1217:
1175:
1085:
1057:
979:
951:
879:
783:
633:
2784:"What's the difference between astronomy and astrology? (Beginner) β Curious About Astronomy? Ask an Astronomer"
1600:β history of the study of volcanoes, lava, magma, and related geological, geophysical and geochemical phenomena.
1536:β history of the study of chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals.
1400:β history of an integrated, quantitative, and interdisciplinary approach to the study of environmental systems.
1241:
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769:
3036:
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1118:β history of the study of the chemistry of marine environments including the influences of different variables.
1091:
1003:
973:
911:
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822:β history of the branch of science concerned with the forces that occur between electrically charged particles.
701:
327:
1503:
1388:β history of the study of climate, scientifically defined as weather conditions averaged over a period of time
1342:
1235:
1178:β history of the study of chemical reactions that proceed with the absorption of light by atoms or molecules..
1144:β history of the subfield of chemistry dealing with radioactivity, nuclear processes, and nuclear properties.
999:
1566:β history of the branch of geology that studies the origin, composition, distribution and structure of rocks.
1527:
775:
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813:
689:
113:
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1094:β history of the chemical reaction is run in a continuously flowing stream rather than in batch production.
801:
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2160:
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2033:
1953:
1778:
1713:
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292:
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1030:β history of the scientific study of the chemical and biochemical phenomena that occur in natural places.
3026:
2288:
2143:
2048:
2028:
1575:
1533:
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1424:β history of the Parasitology is the study of parasites, their hosts, and the relationship between them.
1018:β history of the rapidly growing scientific discipline that combines organic chemistry and biochemistry.
939:
825:
763:
707:
653:
488:
403:
247:
92:
87:
1418:β history of the scientific study of organisms in the ocean or other marine or brackish bodies of water
1226:β history of the study of the interrelationships between structure and reactivity in organic molecules.
1138:β history of the branch of chemistry concerned with the properties and behavior of inorganic compounds.
669:β history of the study of mechanical waves in solids, liquids, and gases (such as vibration and sound)
2885:
2332:
2321:
2155:
2138:
1921:
1821:
1569:
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1303:β history of the branch of physics that studies chemical processes from the point of view of physics.
961:
890:β history of the field of physics that studies the building blocks and interactions of atomic nuclei.
843:
786:β history of the branch of physics that studies chemical processes from the point of view of physics.
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as well as critical aspects of the biosphere, the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, and the atmosphere.
272:
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1412:β history of the scientific biological study of freshwater ecosystems and is a branch of limnology
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1518:β history of the study of glaciers, or more generally ice and natural phenomena that involve ice.
1483:
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1403:
660:
596:
585:
561:
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such knowledge or such a system of knowledge concerned with the physical world and its phenomena
1444:β history of the Environmental soil science is the study of the interaction of humans with the
652:β history of the branch of natural science that studies non-living systems, in contrast to the
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2016:
2006:
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1554:β history of the study of changes in climate taken on the scale of the entire history of Earth
1474:β history of the science that studies the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of Earth
893:
518:
471:
418:
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332:
182:
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1961:
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1238:β history of the study of the effect of sonic waves and wave properties on chemical systems.
722:β history of the branch of astronomy concerned with objects outside our own Milky Way Galaxy
481:
413:
282:
202:
143:
67:
1857:
advanced the ideas of heliocentrism, recognizing the Sun as the centre of the Solar System.
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Describing the nature, measuring and quantifying of bodies and their motion, dynamics etc.
1584:β history of the study of soil as a natural resource on the surface of the earth including
2997:
2854:
2769:
2671:
2631:
2065:
1883:
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1297:β history of the study of the behavior of the chemical elements within the Earth's oceans.
915:
514:
383:
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368:
257:
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1172:β history of the study of chemical compounds containing bonds between carbon and a metal.
1100:β history of the study of the mechanisms behind major geological systems using chemistry
2910:
1828:
of celestial bodies and their interactions in space. Its studies include the following:
1048:β history of the branch of medicine and biology concerned with the study of drug action.
3064:
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2270:
2248:
2182:
2078:
1977:
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676:
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1924:β branch of science that studies the composition, structure, properties and change of
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2284:
2224:
2170:
1937:
1723:
1244:β history of the study of the relative spatial arrangement of atoms within molecules.
337:
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1506:β history of the branch of statistics focusing on spatial or spatiotemporal datasets
1124:β history of the study of the impacts and processes that organisms have had on Earth
2762:
2405:
2345:
2260:
2234:
2021:
1850:
1088:β history of someone who uses chemistry to engineer artificial and natural flavors.
772:β history of the application of physics concepts, theories and methods to medicine.
570:
522:
451:
187:
160:
716:β history of the discipline that deals with the nature of the Universe as a whole.
2594:
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2341:
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2255:
2220:
1846:
theory as the commonly accepted scientific theory of the origin of the universe.
1796:
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1500:β history of the scientific study of landforms and the processes that shape them
798:β history of the study of the physical properties of condensed phases of matter.
637:
312:
219:
207:
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1936:
and their interactions and transformations, for example, the properties of the
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1315:β history of the study of manipulating matter on an atomic and molecular scale
565:
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317:
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Sears and
Zemansky's University Physics with Modern Physics Technology Update
2724:"Physics is the study of your world and the world and universe around you." (
2827:"astrology | Origin and meaning of astrology by Online Etymology Dictionary"
2413:
2382:
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1800:
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1327:β history of the study of the interaction between matter and radiated energy
428:
192:
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2772:. (n.d.). Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary. Retrieved August 19, 2007.
954:β history of the dynamics of vehicles, here assumed to be ground vehicles.
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1933:
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1843:
1837:
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546:
433:
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728:β history of the study of our own Milky Way galaxy and all its contents.
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Physical science topics and articles for school curricula (grades K-12)
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1973:
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similar to gas in which a certain portion of the particles are ionized.
557:
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1264:β history of the strict sense of the word the study of phytochemicals.
778:β history of the branch of biophysics dealing with the nervous system.
754:β history of the study of the application of physics to the atmosphere
27:
Hierarchical outline list of articles related to the physical sciences
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1949:
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1080:β history of the uses Newtonian mechanics to model molecular systems.
620:
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810:β history of the study of the causes of motion and changes in motion
692:β history of the study of the physical aspects of celestial objects
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2386:
2358:
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1982:
1969:
1957:
1869:
1833:
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1790:
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1644:
302:
252:
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1991:, partial ordering of the sciences proposed by Balaban and Klein.
766:β history of the study of physical processes relating to biology
684:β history of the study of soil physical properties and processes.
2430:
2336:
1929:
1896:
1786:
1758:
1663:
242:
3089:
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1548:β history of the branch of Earth science that studies the ocean
1128:
History of regional, environmental and exploration geochemistry
619:β studies the composition, structure, properties and change of
560:
that tries to explain and predict nature's phenomena, based on
545:
in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the
2354:
1882:
The shape and structure of Earth (roughly spherical, see also
287:
2695:
2693:
1382:β history of the study and practice of making maps or globes.
1968:. Preparation and properties of complex substances, such as
2900:
Physics is the study of your world and universe around you.
533:
Physical science can be described as all of the following:
1980:
agents are considered in specialized fields of chemistry.
1726:
the transfer of energy from one source to work in another.
588:β natural and physical science could involve the study of
1012:β history of the examines the role of metals in biology.
870:β history of the study of fluids and the forces on them.
760:β history of the study of how matter and light interact
2569:(1st ed.). New York, NY: Vintage Books. pp.
1190:β history of the study of rates of chemical processes.
2603:
The Oxford
Companion to the History of Modern Science
2684:
1842:Origins of the universe. Physical science uses the
541:(a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes
2562:
758:History of atomic, molecular, and optical physics
2809:"Astrology vs Astronomy: What's the Difference?"
1944:. As such, chemistry studies the involvement of
3101:
2982:
2712:
1905:(Note: Astronomy should not be confused with
1279:Multidisciplinary fields involving chemistry
675:β history of the study of physics applied to
489:
8:
2758:
2756:
2736:
2734:
2299:Seismology: stress, strain, and earthquakes
1809:The principles, sources, and properties of
1607:General principles of the physical sciences
3108:
3094:
3086:
2989:
2975:
2967:
1560:β history of the study of prehistoric life
496:
482:
120:
29:
2725:
2700:
2553:
2524:
1572:β history of the study of inland waters
556:β natural science is a major branch of
234:
123:
32:
1928:. Chemistry is chiefly concerned with
1639:, along with related concepts such as
2605:. New York: Oxford University Press.
2215:. Its studies include the following:
1442:History of environmental soil science
1224:History of physical organic chemistry
7:
3070:
2930:Young, H.D.; Freedman, R.A. (2014).
2857:; Leighton, R.B.; Sands, M. (1963).
1895:The composition and features of the
1052:History of natural product chemistry
2565:Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge
1248:History of supramolecular chemistry
1170:History of organometallic chemistry
796:History of condensed matter physics
2685:Feynman, Leighton & Sands 1963
1901:Interactions of the Earth and Moon
1436:History of environmental chemistry
1194:History of chemical thermodynamics
1066:History of computational chemistry
1028:History of environmental chemistry
720:History of extragalactic astronomy
25:
2628:Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
2315:Characteristics and formation of
2211:, as of 2018 the only identified
2196:Basic principles of Earth science
1627:β branch of science that studies
1212:History of mathematical chemistry
1010:History of bioinorganic chemistry
3069:
3059:
3050:
3049:
2807:Temming, Maria (July 14, 2014).
2745:. Chemweb.ucc.ie. Archived from
2467:List of Russian Earth scientists
1832:The life and characteristics of
1452:History of environmental geology
1398:History of environmental science
1365:History of atmospheric chemistry
1295:History of chemical oceanography
1274:History of solid-state chemistry
1022:History of biophysical chemistry
988:History of atmospheric chemistry
790:History of computational physics
465:
450:
45:
3185:Technology and applied sciences
2860:The Feynman Lectures on Physics
2667:The Feynman Lectures on Physics
1940:formed between atoms to create
1349:History of atmospheric sciences
1289:History of chemical engineering
1122:History of organic geochemistry
1110:History of isotope geochemistry
1104:History of aqueous geochemistry
1016:History of bioorganic chemistry
968:History of analytical chemistry
934:History of theory of relativity
838:History of mathematical physics
1428:History of population dynamics
1136:History of inorganic chemistry
1078:History of molecular mechanics
1040:History of medicinal chemistry
946:History of solid state physics
862:History of continuum mechanics
856:History of classical mechanics
752:History of atmospheric physics
1:
3160:Natural and physical sciences
1958:oxidation-reduction reactions
1917:Basic principles of chemistry
1913:, while astrologers do not.)
1817:Basic principles of astronomy
1410:History of Freshwater biology
1182:History of physical chemistry
732:History of physical cosmology
726:History of galactic astronomy
3206:Outlines of natural sciences
2488:Outline of physical science
1976:, biological molecules, and
1490:History of planetary geology
1392:History of coastal geography
1307:History of materials science
1268:History of polymer chemistry
1230:History of quantum chemistry
1188:History of chemical kinetics
1156:History of organic chemistry
1142:History of nuclear chemistry
1072:History of chemo-informatics
874:History of quantum mechanics
832:History of materials physics
744:History of stellar astronomy
738:History of planetary science
580:Branches of physical science
3180:Society and social sciences
3175:Religion and belief systems
2601:, (2003, editor-in-chief).
2439:Notable physical scientists
1962:changes in phases of matter
1647:. Physics is one of the "
1620:Basic principles of physics
1552:History of paleoclimatology
1301:History of chemical physics
1283:History of chemical biology
1218:History of mechanochemistry
1200:History of electrochemistry
1086:History of Flavor chemistry
952:History of vehicle dynamics
900:History of particle physics
820:History of electromagnetism
784:History of chemical physics
650:History of physical science
645:History of physical science
3232:
2561:Wilson, Edward O. (1998).
2511:Outline of applied science
2484:Outline of natural science
1331:History of surface science
1254:History of thermochemistry
1242:History of stereochemistry
1116:History of ocean chemistry
1034:History of immunochemistry
928:History of quantum physics
922:History of polymer physics
888:History of nuclear physics
868:History of fluid mechanics
770:History of medical physics
273:Interdisciplinary sciences
3123:
3045:
3017:
3004:
2788:curious.astro.cornell.edu
2713:Young & Freedman 2014
2506:Outline of social science
2501:Outline of formal science
1889:Earth in the Solar System
1478:History of geoinformatics
1416:History of marine biology
1313:History of nanotechnology
1262:History of phytochemistry
1206:History of Femtochemistry
1176:History of photochemistry
1162:History of petrochemistry
1148:History of radiochemistry
1092:History of Flow chemistry
1058:History of neurochemistry
980:History of cosmochemistry
974:History of astrochemistry
912:History of plasma physics
880:History of thermodynamics
2782:Scharringhausen, Britt.
2492:Outline of earth science
2166:Electroanalytical method
1732:Kinetic molecular theory
1698:, and their relationship
1504:History of geostatistics
1498:History of geomorphology
1343:History of Earth science
1236:History of sonochemistry
1004:environmental monitoring
1000:History of agrochemistry
906:History of psychophysics
702:History of astrodynamics
521:systems, in contrast to
328:Research and development
3170:Philosophy and thinking
2056:Computational chemistry
2002:Chemical thermodynamics
1954:photochemical reactions
1659:Newton's laws of motion
1582:History of soil science
1558:History of paleontology
1546:History of oceanography
1528:History of hydrogeology
1422:History of parasitology
1374:History of biogeography
1325:History of spectroscopy
1098:History of geochemistry
1046:History of pharmacology
994:History of biochemistry
850:History of biomechanics
814:History of econophysics
776:History of neurophysics
690:History of astrophysics
682:History of soil physics
2139:Coordination chemistry
2061:Mathematical chemistry
2034:Electron configuration
1992:
1966:separation of mixtures
1779:laws of thermodynamics
1681:conservation of energy
1598:History of volcanology
1540:History of meteorology
1386:History of climatology
1380:History of cartography
1360:History of meteorology
1355:History of climatology
673:History of agrophysics
564:. In natural science,
235:Extrascientific fields
3155:Mathematics and logic
2886:John Wiley & Sons
2161:Instrumental analysis
2144:Solid-state chemistry
2049:Statistical mechanics
2029:Theoretical chemistry
1986:
1948:and various forms of
1688:, theories of gravity
1592:History of topography
1576:History of seismology
1534:History of mineralogy
1516:History of glaciology
1510:History of geophysics
1458:History of toxicology
826:History of geophysics
802:History of cryogenics
764:History of biophysics
708:History of astrometry
627:Branches of chemistry
610:Branches of astronomy
472:Philosophy portal
404:Science communication
248:Communication studies
3140:Geography and places
3135:Culture and the arts
2878:Holzner, S. (2006).
2743:"What is Chemistry?"
2419:Major climate groups
2333:Atmospheric pressure
2322:Atmospheric sciences
2156:Analytical chemistry
2083:Characterization of
1649:fundamental sciences
1570:History of limnology
1564:History of petrology
1522:History of hydrology
1472:History of geography
962:History of chemistry
844:History of mechanics
714:History of cosmology
696:History of astronomy
667:History of acoustics
361:Scientific integrity
343:Vocational education
278:Knowledge management
168:Behavioural sciences
2915:. D. Van Nostrand.
2881:Physics for Dummies
2813:Sky & Telescope
2538:philosophical world
2450:List of astronomers
2328:Atmosphere of Earth
2303:Characteristics of
2223:and the process of
2213:life-bearing planet
2190:Materials chemistry
2129:Inorganic compounds
2124:Inorganic chemistry
2039:Molecular modelling
2012:Molecular structure
1989:the central science
1714:Energy conservation
1319:History of oenology
808:History of Dynamics
597:Branches of physics
3150:History and events
3145:Health and fitness
3117:Knowledge outlines
2831:www.etymonline.com
2768:2016-03-05 at the
2749:on 3 January 2021.
2479:Outline of science
2445:List of physicists
2294:Physical geography
2077:The nature of the
2044:Molecular dynamics
1997:Physical chemistry
1993:
1942:chemical compounds
1795:The principles of
1785:The principles of
1484:History of geology
1466:History of geodesy
1404:History of ecology
940:History of statics
661:History of physics
562:empirical evidence
457:Science portal
3216:Physical sciences
3193:
3192:
3128:General reference
3083:
3082:
2947:978-1-292-02063-1
2938:Pearson Education
2936:(13th ed.).
2912:Matter and Motion
2741:Russell, John B.
2676:atomic hypothesis
2134:Crystal structure
2117:Organic synthesis
2112:Functional groups
2102:Organic compounds
2097:Organic chemistry
2090:Nuclear reactions
2085:radioactive decay
2073:Nuclear chemistry
2017:Quantum chemistry
2007:Reaction kinetics
1911:scientific method
1860:The structure of
1741:phase transitions
914:β history of the
894:History of optics
506:
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419:Scientific method
409:Science education
350:
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333:Strategic studies
125:Scientific fields
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2455:List of chemists
2178:Electrochemistry
2107:Organic reaction
1892:Time measurement
1805:electromagnetism
1737:Phases of matter
1704:, position, and
1006:and remediation.
640:, and biosphere.
511:Physical science
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283:Language studies
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1884:Spherical Earth
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1720:, and transfer.
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513:is a branch of
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369:Reproducibility
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2830:
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2787:
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2747:the original
2728:, p. 7)
2726:Holzner 2006
2720:
2708:
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2701:Maxwell 1878
2683: ..." (
2680:
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2636:. Retrieved
2627:
2618:
2602:
2589:
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2532:such as the
2527:
2346:condensation
2261:Soil science
2235:Oceanography
2199:
2151:Biochemistry
2022:Spectroscopy
1920:
1904:
1851:heliocentric
1820:
1750:thermometers
1623:
648:
571:life science
552:A branch of
537:A branch of
532:
523:life science
510:
509:
507:
460:
293:Liberal arts
193:Sociological
155:
139:Mathematical
2848:Works cited
2715:, p. 9
2674:offers the
2595:mathematics
2374:climatology
2366:Meteorology
2342:Evaporation
2266:Pedogenesis
2256:Agrophysics
2221:water cycle
1987:Chemistry,
1797:electricity
1763:Heat flow:
1746:Temperature
638:lithosphere
397:Instruments
318:Professions
313:War studies
220:Engineering
3200:Categories
2836:2017-10-17
2793:2017-05-27
2638:2011-10-16
2548:References
2426:Speleology
2414:hurricanes
2396:Air masses
2289:geophysics
2240:Weathering
2230:Freshwater
1855:Copernicus
1769:convection
1765:conduction
1718:conversion
1446:pedosphere
569:branches:
566:hypotheses
529:Definition
519:non-living
439:Technology
308:Philosophy
298:Literature
268:Humanities
258:Futurology
208:Linguistic
93:Philosophy
88:Literature
78:Glossaries
2763:Chemistry
2624:"science"
2410:tornadoes
2383:Hydrology
2309:volcanoes
2305:mountains
2281:structure
1946:electrons
1934:molecules
1922:Chemistry
1907:astrology
1874:asteroids
1822:Astronomy
1801:magnetism
1777:The four
1773:radiation
1613:Principle
617:Chemistry
604:Astronomy
543:knowledge
429:Scientist
183:Political
3211:Outlines
3055:Category
2909:(1878).
2766:Archived
2473:See also
2350:humidity
2279:tectonic
2277:Earth's
1974:polymers
1844:Big Bang
1838:galaxies
1677:Momentum
1635:through
1631:and its
547:universe
434:Research
323:Religion
225:Medicine
203:Military
178:Economic
156:Physical
144:Computer
68:Category
3075:Commons
3009:Outline
2536:or the
2378:climate
2370:weather
2317:fossils
2244:erosion
2205:science
1878:meteors
1866:planets
1826:science
1686:Gravity
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586:Physics
558:science
539:science
263:History
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83:History
63:Outline
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2534:cosmos
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2387:clouds
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2203:β the
1970:alloys
1964:, and
1950:energy
1926:matter
1876:, and
1870:comets
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1771:, and
1755:Energy
1706:energy
1702:Motion
1692:Energy
1672:weight
1641:energy
1633:motion
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590:matter
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106:Fields
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2571:49β71
2519:Notes
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2249:Rocks
2209:Earth
1930:atoms
1834:stars
1811:light
1791:sound
1787:waves
1668:force
1645:force
303:Music
253:Craft
2942:ISBN
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1952:in
549:).
288:Law
3202::
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