453:. Phyllogens interact directly with class A and class E MTFs, inducing protein degradation in a ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent manner that, at least for SAP54, is dependent on interactions with the proteasome shuttle factor RAD23. Interestingly, RAD23 mutants do not show phyllody when infected with phytoplasma indicating that RAD23 proteins are susceptibility factors; i.e. phytoplasmas and SAP54 require these plant proteins to induce phyllody symptoms. The accumulation of mRNAs encoding class B MTFs, the transcription of which is positively regulated by class A and class E MTFs, is drastically decreased in Arabidopsis constitutively expressing PHYL1. Phyllogens induce abnormal floral organ development by inhibiting the functions of these MTFs. RAD23 proteins are also required for promoting leafhopper vector egg laying on plants that express SAP54 and are infected with AY-WB phytoplasma.
2734:
485:(jumping plant lice), which feed on the phloem of infected plants, ingesting phytoplasmas and transmitting them to the next plant on which they feed. Thus, the host range of phytoplasmas is strongly dependent upon that of the insect vector. Phytoplasmas contain a major antigenic protein constituting most of the cell surface protein. This protein associates with insect microfilament complexes and is believed to control insect-phytoplasma interactions. Phytoplasmas can overwinter in insect vectors or perennial plants. Phytoplasmas can have varying effects on their insect hosts; examples of both reduced and increased fitness have been noted.
2924:
44:
2773:
2835:
436:
jasmonate production, SAP11 encourages leafhoppers to lay more eggs on phytoplasma-infected plants, thereby ensuring that newly hatched leafhopper nymphs feed upon infected plants to become phytoplasma vectors. SAP11 effectors are identified in a number of divergent phytoplasmas and these effectors also interact with TCPs and modulate plant defenses. SAP11 is the first phytoplasma virulence protein for which plant targets and effector functions were identified. TCPs were found to be targeted by a number of other pathogen effectors.
2594:
2703:
2617:
2788:
2855:
5956:
2869:
2633:
2752:
2902:
2649:
71:
2685:
2805:
2881:
2820:
2668:
2718:
259:, which, like phytoplasmas, require insect vectors and cannot be cultured. Viral and phytoplasmic infections share some symptoms. In 1967, phytoplasmas were discovered in ultrathin sections of plant phloem tissue and were termed mycoplasma-like organisms due to their physiological resemblance. The organisms were renamed phytoplasmas in 1994 at the 10th Congress of the
435:
laid 30% more eggs on plants expressing SAP11 transgenically than control plants and 60% more eggs on plants infected with AY-WB. Phytoplasmas cannot survive in the external environment and are dependent upon insects such as leafhoppers for transmission to new (healthy) plants. Thus, by compromising
4239:
Mukhtar, MS; Carvunis, AR; Dreze, M; Epple, P; Steinbrenner, J; Moore, J; Tasan, M; Galli, M; Hao, T; Nishimura, MT; Pevzner, SJ; Donovan, SE; Ghamsari, L; Santhanam, B; Romero, V; Poulin, MM; Gebreab, F; Gutierrez, BJ; Tam, S; Monachello, D; Boxem, M; Harbort, CJ; McDonald, N; Gai, L; Chen, H; He,
545:
Before the molecular era, the diagnosis of diseases caused by phytoplasma was difficult because the organisms could not be cultured. Thus, classical diagnostic techniques, including symptom observation, were used. Ultrathin sections of phloem tissue from plants with suspected phytoplasma-infections
411:
phytoplasma strain (AY-WB); these were named secreted AY-WB proteins (SAPs) and considered effectors. Also in 2009, effector SAP11 was shown to target plant cell nuclei and unload from phloem cells in AY-WB-infected plants. SAP11 was later found to induce changes in leaf shapes of plants and stem
393:
plants induced sterility in male and female flowers. TENGU contains a signal peptide at its N-terminus. After cleavage, the mature protein is only 38 amino acids long. Although phytoplasmas are restricted to the phloem, TENGU is transported from the phloem to other cells, including those of the
404:, suggesting that the N-terminal peptide alone induces the observed symptoms. TENGU homologs have been identified in AY-group phytoplasmas. All such homologs undergo processing and can induce symptoms, suggesting that the symptom-inducing mechanism is conserved among TENGU homologs.
504:. The entire process can take up to 3 weeks. Once established in an insect host, phytoplasmas are found in most major organs. The time between ingestion by the insect and attainment of an infectious titer in the salivary glands is termed the latency period.
782:. In 1992, the Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Mollicutes proposed the use of "'Phytoplasma' rather than 'mycoplasma-like organisms' for reference to the phytopathogenic mollicutes". In 2004, the generic name Phytoplasma was adopted and is currently of
810:. The actual number of taxonomic groups remains unclear; recent work on computer-simulated restriction digests of the 16Sr gene suggested up to 28 groups, whereas others have proposed fewer groups with more subgroups. Each group includes at least one
394:
apical and axillary meristems. TENGU was suggested to inhibit both auxin- and jasmonic acid-related pathways, thereby affecting plant development. Surprisingly, the N-terminal 11 amino acid region of the mature protein triggers symptom development in
439:
The AY-WB phytoplasma effector SAP54 was shown to induce virescence and phyllody when expressed in plants, and homologs of this effector were found in at least three other phytoplasmas. Two SAP54 homologs, PHYL1 of the onion yellows phytoplasma and
5630:"Taxonomic groupings based on the analysis on the 16s/23s spacer regions which shows greater variation than the normally used 16srRNA gene results in classification similar to that derived from 16s rRNA data but with more detailed subdivisions"
444:
of the peanut witches' broom phytoplasma, also induce phyllody-like floral abnormalities. These results suggest that PHYL1, SAP54, and their homologs form a phyllody-inducing gene family, the members of which are termed phyllogens.
424:
plants and plants that transgenically express the AY-WB SAP11 effector. The downregulation of jasmonate production is beneficial to phytoplasmas because jasmonate is involved in plant defenses against herbivorous insects such as
223:, as well as horticultural crops like sweet cherry, peaches, and nectarines. They cause a wide variety of symptoms ranging from mild yellowing, small fruit, and reduced sugar content to death. Phytoplasmas are most prevalent in
822:
As of
November 2021, the following names and type strains are from LPSN,, the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature. The associated diseases and 16Sr group-subgroup classifications are from various sources.
637:
to phytoplasmas. However, disease symptoms reappear in the absence of continuous antibiotic application. Thus, tetracycline is not a viable agricultural control agent, but it is used to protect ornamental coconut trees.
3462:
Lee, Ing-Ming; Klopmeyer, Michael; Bartoszyk, Irena M.; Gundersen-Rindal, Dawn E.; Chou, Tau-San; Thomson, Karen L.; Eisenreich, Robert (1997). "Phytoplasma induced free-branching in commercial poinsettia cultivars".
681:(kb), one of the smallest known genomes of all living organisms. The larger phytoplasma genomes are around 1350 kb in size. The small genome size of phytoplasma is attributable to reductive evolution from
3575:
Minato, Nami; Himeno, Misako; Hoshi, Ayaka; Maejima, Kensaku; Komatsu, Ken; Takebayashi, Yumiko; Kasahara, Hiroyuki; Yusa, Akira; Yamaji, Yasuyuki; Oshima, Kenro; Kamiya, Yuji; Namba, Shigetou (2014).
2733:
377:, or effectors, that modulate or interfere with normal host processes to the benefit of the pathogens. The first phytoplasmal virulence factor, a secreted protein termed “tengu-su inducer” (TENGU;
3193:
Bertamini, M; Grando, M. S.; Muthuchelian, K; Nedunchezhian, N (2004). "Effect of phytoplasmal infection on photosystem II efficiency and thylakoid membrane protein changes in field grown apple (
283:
of unknown function that constitutes most of the protein in the membrane. A typical phytoplasma is pleiomorphic or filamentous in shape and is less than 1 ÎĽm in diameter. Like other
3382:"Unique morphological changes in plant pathogenic phytoplasma-infected petunia flowers are related to transcriptional regulation of floral homeotic genes in an organ-specific manner"
3085:"Mycoplasma- or PLT Group-like Microorganisms Found in the Phloem Elements of Plants Infected with Mulberry Dwarf, Potato Witches' Broom, Aster Yellows, or Paulownia Witches' Broom"
4978:
3513:
Hoshi, Ayaka; Oshima, Kenro; Kakizawa, Shigeyuki; Ishii, Yoshiko; Ozeki, Johji; Hashimoto, Masayoshi; Komatsu, Ken; Kagiwada, Satoshi; Yamaji, Yasuyuki; Namba, Shigetou (2009).
412:
proliferations which resembled the witches' broom symptoms of AY-WB-infected plants. In addition, it was demonstrated that SAP11 interacts with and destabilizes plant class II
2923:
3380:
Himeno, Misako; Neriya, Yutaro; Minato, Nami; Miura, Chihiro; Sugawara, Kyoko; Ishii, Yoshiko; Yamaji, Yasuyuki; Kakizawa, Shigeyuki; Oshima, Kenro; Namba, Shigetou (2011).
361:, but infection can trigger the proliferation of axillary (side) shoots and a reduction in internode size. Such symptoms are actually useful in the commercial production of
2593:
6046:
2787:
5858:
Yadav, A.; Bhale, U.; Thorat, V.; Shouche, Y. (2014). "First Report of new subgroup 16SrII- M 'Candidatus
Phytoplasma aurantifolia' associated with witches' broom on
2616:
8067:
3884:
Danisman, S; van der Wal, F; Dhondt, S; Waites, R; de Folter, S; Bimbo, A; van Dijk, AD; Muino, JM; Cutri, L; Dornelas, MC; Angenent, GC; Immink, RG (August 2012).
3226:"Isolation of the gene encoding an immunodominant membrane protein of the apple proliferation phytoplasma, and expression and characterization of the gene product"
346:
biosynthesis, and trigger chlorophyll breakdown. These symptoms may be attributable to stress caused by the infection rather than a specific pathogenetic process.
4615:
MacLean, Allyson M.; Sugio, Akiko; Makarova, Olga V.; Findlay, Kim C.; Grieve, Victoria M.; TĂłth, RĂ©ka; Nicolaisen, Mogens; Hogenhout, Saskia A. (October 2011).
8021:
260:
7910:
7419:
6850:
6412:
6188:
2834:
4504:
MacLean, Allyson M.; Orlovskis, Zigmunds; Kowitwanich, Krissana; Zdziarska, Anna M.; Angenent, Gerco C.; Immink, Richard G. H.; Hogenhout, Saskia A. (2014).
693:
ancestors. Phytoplasmas have lost ≥75% of their original genes, and can thus no longer survive outside of insects or plant phloem. Some phytoplasmas contain
338:
A phytoplasma infection often triggers leaf yellowing, probably due to the presence of phytoplasma cells in the phloem, which can affect phloem function and
176:
culture in any cell-free medium; routine cultivation in an artificial medium thus remains a major challenge. Phytoplasmas are characterized by the lack of a
4555:
Maejima, Kensaku; Kitazawa, Yugo; Tomomitsu, Tatsuya; Yusa, Akira; Neriya, Yutaro; Himeno, Misako; Yamaji, Yasuyuki; Oshima, Kenro; Namba, Shigetou (2015).
2772:
4240:
Y; European Union
Effectoromics, Consortium.; Vandenhaute, J; Roth, FP; Hill, DE; Ecker, JR; Vidal, M; Beynon, J; Braun, P; Dangl, JL (29 July 2011).
7995:
4299:"Pseudomonas syringae Type III Effector HopBB1 Promotes Host Transcriptional Repressor Degradation to Regulate Phytohormone Responses and Virulence"
803:
596:(LAMP) is now available as a commercial kit, allowing all known phytoplasma species to be detected in about 1 h, including the DNA extraction step.
566:
4506:"Phytoplasma Effector SAP54 Hijacks Plant Reproduction by Degrading MADS-box Proteins and Promotes Insect Colonization in a RAD23-Dependent Manner"
416:
transcription factors that lead to shoot proliferation and leaf shape changes. TCPs also control the expression of lipoxygenase genes required for
2751:
670:(sometimes as little as 23%, which is thought to be the lower threshold for a viable genome). In fact, the Bermuda grass white-leaf phytoplasma ("
3786:"The small phytoplasma virulence effector SAP11 contains distinct domains required for nuclear targeting and CIN-TCP binding and destabilization"
2868:
4451:
Yang, Chiao-Yin; Huang, Yu-Hsin; Lin, Chan-Pin; Lin, Yen-Yu; Hsu, Hao-Chun; Wang, Chun-Neng; Liu, Li-Yu; Shen, Bing-Nan; Lin, Shih-Shun (2015).
4092:
Tan, CM; Li, CH; Tsao, NW; Su, LW; Lu, YT; Chang, SH; Lin, YY; Liou, JC; Hsieh, LC; Yu, JZ; Sheue, CR; Wang, SY; Lee, CF; Yang, JY (July 2016).
2901:
429:. Leafhoppers lay increased numbers of eggs on AY-WB-infected plants, at least in part because of SAP11 production. For example, the leafhopper
593:
6039:
4931:
704:
Despite their small genomes, many predicted phytoplasma genes are present in multiple copies. Phytoplasmas lack many genes encoding standard
4297:
Yang, L; Teixeira, PJ; Biswas, S; Finkel, OM; He, Y; Salas-Gonzalez, I; English, ME; Epple, P; Mieczkowski, P; Dangl, JL (8 February 2017).
3341:"Tomato Flower Abnormalities Induced by Stolbur Phytoplasma Infection Are Associated with Changes of Expression of Floral Development Genes"
2632:
611:
Phytoplasmas are normally controlled by the breeding and planting of disease-resistant crop varieties and by the control of insect vectors.
3994:"Phytoplasma protein effector SAP11 enhances insect vector reproduction by manipulating plant development and defense hormone biosynthesis"
3735:"Phytoplasma protein effector SAP11 enhances insect vector reproduction by manipulating plant development and defense hormone biosynthesis"
2702:
5406:"Complete set of extrachromosomal DNAs from three pathogenic lines of onion yellows phytoplasma and use of PCR to differentiate each line"
5804:
2964:
581:
3935:"Empoasca leafhoppers attack wild tobacco plants in a jasmonate-dependent manner and identify jasmonate mutants in natural populations"
557:
Molecular diagnostic techniques for phytoplasma detection began to emerge in the 1980s and included enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (
2880:
2854:
4914:
Chen, TA; Lei, JD; Lin, CP (1989). "Detection and identification of plant and insect mollicutes". In
Whitcomb, RF; Tully, JG (eds.).
5935:
4402:
Maejima, K; Iwai R; Himeno M; Komatsu K; Kitazawa Y; Fujita N; Ishikawa K; Fukuoka M; Minato N; Yamaji Y; Oshima K; Namba S (2014).
3886:"Arabidopsis class I and class II TCP transcription factors regulate jasmonic acid metabolism and leaf development antagonistically"
2684:
165:
that are involved in their plant-to-plant transmission. Phytoplasmas were discovered in 1967 by
Japanese scientists who termed them
4045:"An effector of apple proliferation phytoplasma targets TCP transcription factors-a generalized virulence strategy of phytoplasma?"
5978:
5944:
4843:
Carraro, L.; Loi, N.; Favali, M. A.; Favali, M. A. (1991). "Transmission characteristics of the clover phyllody agent by dodder".
2648:
6084:
6032:
2132:
3224:
Berg, Michael; Davies, David L.; Clark, Michael F.; Vetten, H. Joseph; Maie, Gernot; Marcone, Carmine; SeemĂĽller, Erich (1999).
335:
or in the development of floral organs is altered in the morphologically affected floral organs of phytoplasma-infected plants.
6079:
151:
4346:
MacLean, A. M.; Sugio, A.; Makarova, O. V.; Findlay, K. C.; Grieve, V. M.; Toth, R.; Nicolaisen, M.; Hogenhout, S. A. (2011).
3637:"The alteration of plant morphology by small peptides released from the proteolytic processing of the bacterial peptide TENGU"
5923:
4752:"Interactions between a membrane protein of a pathogen and insect microfilament complex determines insect vector specificity"
2860:
2340:
1152:
7918:
5124:
3314:
6163:
6153:
6136:
4404:"Recognition of floral homeotic MADS-domain transcription factors by a phytoplasmal effector, phyllogen, induces phyllody"
3687:
Bai, Xiaodong; Correa, Valdir R; Toruño, Tania Y; Ammar, El-Desouky; Kamoun, Sophien; Hogenhout, Saskia A (January 2009).
3577:"The phytoplasmal virulence factor TENGU causes plant sterility by downregulating of the jasmonic acid and auxin pathways"
4750:
Suzuki, S.; Oshima, K.; Kakizawa, S.; Arashida, R.; Jung, H.-Y.; Yamaji, Y.; Nishigawa, H.; Ugaki, M.; Namba, S. (2006).
5950:
5196:"Living with Genome Instability: the Adaptation of Phytoplasmas to Diverse Environments of Their Insect and Plant Hosts"
2969:
5194:
Bai, X; Zhang, J; Ewing, A; Miller, SA; Jancso Radek, A; Shevchenko, DV; Tsukerman, K; Walunas, T; et al. (2006).
4666:"A Bacterial Parasite Effector Mediates Insect Vector Attraction in Host Plants Independently of Developmental Changes"
2717:
807:
753:
365:. An infection triggers more axillary shoot production; the poinsettia plants thus produce more than a single flower.
181:
4808:
Christensen, N; Axelsen, K; Nicolaisen, M; Schulz, A (2005). "Phytoplasmas and their interactions with their hosts".
4457:
is required to repress flowering and is related to the development of abnormal flower symptoms by the PHYL1 effector"
70:
4993:
617:
can be used to produce healthy clones of phytoplasma-infected plants. Cryotherapy, the freezing of plant samples in
7973:
4094:"Phytoplasma SAP11 alters 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine biosynthesis in Nicotiana benthamiana by suppressing NbOMT1"
1446:
431:
8026:
4143:"Phytoplasma effector SWP1 induces witches' broom symptom by destabilizing the TCP transcription factor BRANCHED1"
2804:
1474:
387:. TENGU induces characteristic symptoms, including witches' broom and dwarfism. Transgenic expression of TENGU in
6568:
562:
5033:"Expression of engineered antibodies in plants: A possible tool for spiroplasma and phytoplasma disease control"
3515:"A unique virulence factor for proliferation and dwarfism in plants identified from a phytopathogenic bacterium"
1700:
1383:
279:
rather than a cell wall. The phytoplasma cell membranes studied to date usually contain a single immunodominant
43:
8072:
5836:
5809:
5782:
5142:
Oshima, K; Kakizawa, S; Nishigawa, H; Jung, HY; Wei, W; Suzuki, S; Arashida, R; Nakata, D; et al. (2004).
4557:"Degradation of class E MADS-domain transcription factors in Arabidopsis by a phytoplasmal effector, phyllogen"
2974:
2892:
2739:
2050:
1682:
1502:
932:
709:
7435:
2819:
2667:
2403:
1740:
5899:
2214:
1987:
1966:
1570:
7887:
7731:
7527:
6168:
5581:"Taxonomic Note: Implementation of the Provisional Status Candidatus for Incompletely Described Procaryotes"
4994:"Efficient elimination of sweetpotato little leaf phytoplasma from sweetpotato by cryotherapy of shoot tips"
2979:
2172:
1884:
1802:
1761:
1719:
1404:
674:
599:
Although phytoplasmas have recently been reported to be grown in a specific artificial medium, experimental
6799:
5072:
Davies, R. E.; Whitcomb, R. F.; Steere, R. L. (1968). "Remission of aster yellows disease by antibiotics".
2546:
2424:
1924:
1905:
1821:
1612:
1523:
7935:
7712:
6919:
6899:
6383:
5303:
Kube, M; Schneider, B; Kuhl, H; Dandekar, T; Heitmann, K; Migdoll, AM; Reinhardt, R; SeemĂĽller, E (2008).
2913:
2464:
2445:
2256:
2153:
2070:
1863:
1782:
1551:
1364:
493:
328:
7351:
7252:
2567:
2485:
2382:
1591:
1425:
814:
Phytoplasma species, characterized by distinctive biological, phytopathological, and genetic properties.
7245:
7226:
7053:
6973:
6752:
6131:
4972:
4190:
Chang, SH; Tan, CM; Wu, CT; Lin, TH; Jiang, SY; Liu, RC; Tsai, MC; Su, LW; Yang, JY (26 November 2018).
2930:
2298:
2112:
2091:
2029:
1945:
1633:
761:
396:
162:
7813:
7639:
7615:
7586:
7473:
7397:
7281:
7259:
6500:
1654:
794:
are not available. Phytoplasma taxonomic groups are based on differences in fragment sizes produced by
7519:
7363:
6985:
6948:
6926:
6835:
6823:
2505:
2319:
2277:
2193:
2008:
327:(abnormal change in the apical meristem structure). Phytoplasma-harboring flowering plants may become
299:
Phytoplasmas can infect and cause various symptoms in more than 700 plant species. One characteristic
7782:
7719:
7601:
7495:
6811:
6740:
6717:
6334:
6297:
6245:
5081:
4617:"Phytoplasma effector SAP54 induces indeterminate leaf-like flower development in Arabidopsis plants"
4568:
4348:"Phytoplasma effector SAP54 induces indeterminate leaf-like flower development in Arabidopsis plants"
4253:
3946:
3635:
Sugawara, Kyoko; Honma, Youhei; Komatsu, Ken; Himeno, Misako; Oshima, Kenro; Namba, Shigetou (2013).
3588:
3526:
3141:; Oshima, Kenro; Ammar, El-Desouky; Kakizawa, Shigeyuki; Kingdom, Heather N; Namba, Shigetou (2008).
2623:
745:
694:
634:
236:
7385:
7214:
7004:
6966:
5510:"Clusters of diverse genes existing as multiple, sequence variable mosaics in a phytoplasma genomes"
4947:
Contaldo, Nicoletta; Bertaccini, Assunta; Paltrinieri, Samanta; Windsor, Helena; Windsor, G (2012).
3423:"Changes in carbohydrate metabolism in coconut palms infected with the lethal yellowing phytoplasma"
8062:
7894:
7788:
7543:
7336:
7266:
6878:
6722:
5144:"Reductive evolution suggested from the complete genome sequence of a plant-pathogenic phytoplasma"
2887:
2795:
1842:
482:
231:
regions. They are transmitted from plant to plant by vectors (normally sap-sucking insects such as
7875:
7801:
7233:
5663:"Computer-simulated RFLP analysis of 16S rRNA genes: identification of ten new phytoplasma groups"
4192:"Alterations of plant architecture and phase transition by the phytoplasma virulence factor SAP11"
449:
transcription factors (MTFs) of the ABCE model play critical roles in floral organ development in
7837:
7627:
7324:
7016:
6866:
6148:
6126:
6114:
6089:
5539:
5433:
5173:
5105:
3488:
2674:
2607:
2361:
949:
795:
749:
530:
413:
122:
112:
65:
56:
5904:
4948:
621:, prior to tissue culture increases the probability of producing healthy plants in this manner.
247:
References to diseases now known to be caused by phytoplasmas can be found as far back as 1603 (
4242:"Independently evolved virulence effectors converge onto hubs in a plant immune system network"
790:
that cannot be cultured). As phytoplasma cannot be cultured, methods normally used to classify
8034:
7574:
7135:
7041:
6158:
6121:
6109:
6099:
6013:
5879:
5733:
5684:
5610:
5602:
5531:
5490:
5472:
5425:
5405:
5404:
Nishigawa, Hisashi; Oshima, Kenro; Miyata, Shin-ichi; Ugaki, Masashi; Namba, Shigetou (2003).
5386:
5336:
5285:
5225:
5165:
5097:
5054:
5013:
4927:
4896:
4825:
4783:
4732:
4697:
4646:
4594:
4537:
4486:
4433:
4377:
4328:
4279:
4221:
4172:
4123:
4074:
4025:
3974:
3915:
3866:
3815:
3766:
3710:
3666:
3614:
3554:
3480:
3444:
3403:
3362:
3295:
3247:
3172:
3060:
2959:
2743:
2526:
2233:
1086:
799:
779:
354:
6577:
5244:
4875:"Distribution of phytoplasmas in infected plants as revealed by real-time PCR and bioimaging"
3225:
8039:
7793:
7551:
7506:
7459:
7297:
6463:
6073:
6003:
5871:
5723:
5715:
5674:
5641:
5592:
5521:
5480:
5464:
5417:
5376:
5326:
5316:
5275:
5267:
5215:
5207:
5155:
5089:
5044:
5005:
4960:
4919:
4886:
4852:
4817:
4773:
4763:
4724:
4687:
4677:
4636:
4628:
4584:
4576:
4527:
4517:
4476:
4468:
4423:
4415:
4367:
4359:
4318:
4310:
4269:
4261:
4211:
4203:
4162:
4154:
4113:
4105:
4064:
4056:
4015:
4005:
3964:
3954:
3905:
3897:
3856:
3846:
3805:
3797:
3756:
3746:
3700:
3656:
3648:
3604:
3596:
3544:
3534:
3472:
3434:
3393:
3352:
3287:
3237:
3206:
3162:
3154:
3138:
3096:
3050:
3039:, a taxon for the wall-less, non-helical prokaryotes that colonize plant phloem and insects"
2949:
2639:
570:
489:
471:
374:
358:
7844:
7748:
7561:
7556:
7310:
7112:
7090:
6905:
6618:
6589:
6539:
6374:
6269:
6237:
5939:
5932:
5927:
4728:
776:
773:
618:
600:
537:, and for other reasons, passive translocation within plants is thought to be unimportant
5305:"The linear chromosome of the plant-pathogenic mycoplasma 'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali'"
5085:
4964:
4873:
Christensen, Nynne Meyn; Nicolaisen, Mogens; Hansen, Michael; Schulz, Alexander (2004).
4572:
4257:
3950:
3592:
3530:
3116:
Okuda, S (1972). "Occurrence of diseases caused by mycoplasma-like organisms in Japan".
7824:
7763:
7754:
7651:
7607:
7415:
7378:
7292:
7184:
7125:
6628:
6605:
6308:
6221:
6208:
6203:
6104:
6024:
5728:
5703:
5702:
Parte, A.C.; Sardà Carbasse, J.; Meier-Kolthoff, J.P.; Reimer, L.C.; Göker, M. (2020).
5331:
5304:
5280:
5220:
5195:
4923:
4856:
4778:
4751:
4692:
4665:
4641:
4616:
4589:
4556:
4532:
4505:
4481:
4452:
4428:
4403:
4372:
4347:
4323:
4298:
4274:
4241:
4216:
4191:
4167:
4142:
4118:
4093:
4069:
4044:
4020:
3993:
3969:
3934:
3933:
Kallenbach, M; Bonaventure, G; Gilardoni, PA; Wissgott, A; Baldwin, IT (12 June 2012).
3910:
3885:
3810:
3785:
3761:
3734:
3661:
3636:
3609:
3576:
3549:
3514:
3167:
3142:
2779:
2761:
647:
614:
501:
92:
5557:
4043:
Janik, K; Mithöfer, A; Raffeiner, M; Stellmach, H; Hause, B; Schlink, K (April 2017).
8056:
7830:
7484:
7203:
7143:
7120:
7059:
6846:
6729:
6707:
6676:
6650:
6551:
6365:
6256:
6232:
6213:
6184:
5983:
5646:
5629:
5526:
5509:
5485:
5468:
5452:
5211:
5009:
3833:
Schommer, C; Debernardi, JM; Bresso, EG; Rodriguez, RE; Palatnik, JF (October 2014).
3398:
3381:
3158:
2655:
651:
565:(PCR)-based techniques were developed. These are far more sensitive than ELISAs, and
408:
248:
185:
5543:
5437:
5365:"Chromosome Sizes of Phytoplasmas Composing Major Phylogenetic Groups and Subgroups"
5109:
3492:
3033:
The IRPCM Phytoplasma/Spiroplasma
Working Team - Phytoplasma taxonomy group (2004).
7690:
7680:
7404:
7196:
7168:
7077:
6997:
6933:
6788:
6763:
6686:
6282:
6264:
3421:
Muast, BE; Espadas, F; Talavera, C; Aguilar, M; SantamarĂa, JM; Oropeza, C (2003).
3291:
2841:
730:
630:
551:
339:
6008:
5991:
5920:
5704:"List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ"
5177:
5049:
5032:
4821:
4580:
3733:
Sugio, A; Kingdom, HN; MacLean, AM; Grieve, VM; Hogenhout, SA (29 November 2011).
5093:
4891:
4874:
4715:
Weintraub, Phyllis G.; Beanland, LeAnn (2006). "Insect vectors of phytoplasmas".
4522:
357:" appearance due to changes in their normal growth patterns. Most plants exhibit
8008:
7967:
7662:
7566:
7173:
7100:
5875:
5381:
5364:
3439:
3422:
3242:
2954:
2694:
689:
547:
389:
343:
256:
228:
4314:
3939:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
3739:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
3101:
3084:
7775:
7667:
7446:
7178:
7105:
6442:
6408:
6288:
6055:
5973:
5968:
5597:
5580:
5421:
2935:
791:
783:
738:
734:
726:
705:
667:
624:
585:
478:
474:
426:
362:
324:
316:
284:
272:
232:
216:
193:
167:
102:
7958:
5831:
5751:
5606:
5476:
5429:
5017:
7982:
7158:
6424:
5321:
4768:
4682:
4265:
4010:
3959:
3751:
3539:
2245:
757:
714:
497:
417:
288:
212:
177:
17:
6017:
5883:
5737:
5719:
5688:
5535:
5390:
5340:
5289:
5229:
5169:
5058:
4900:
4829:
4787:
4736:
4701:
4650:
4598:
4541:
4490:
4437:
4381:
4332:
4283:
4225:
4176:
4127:
4078:
4029:
3978:
3919:
3870:
3819:
3770:
3714:
3705:
3688:
3670:
3618:
3558:
3448:
3407:
3366:
3299:
3251:
3210:
3176:
3064:
666:
Phytoplasma mali". Phytoplasmas have very small genomes with extremely low
569:(RFLP) analysis allowed the accurate identification of various phytoplasma
5679:
5662:
5614:
5494:
5101:
4632:
4363:
3901:
3652:
3484:
3055:
3034:
400:
plants. TENGU undergoes proteolytic processing by a plant serine protease
7952:
6143:
6059:
5777:
5353:
Dikinson, M. Molecular Plant
Pathology (2003) BIOS Scientific Publishers
4207:
4109:
3357:
3340:
3001:
2845:
2811:
2757:
2724:
2708:
787:
683:
678:
514:
446:
407:
In 2009, 56 genes for secreted proteins were identified in the genome of
379:
332:
304:
276:
224:
220:
204:
189:
82:
51:
5962:
5271:
4472:
3851:
3834:
3476:
3083:
Doi, Yoji; Teranaka, Michiaki; Yora, Kiyoshi; Asuyama, Hidefumi (1967).
8000:
6430:
5910:
5243:
Tran-Nguyen, LT; Kube, M; Schneider, B; Reinhardt, R; Gibb, KS (2008).
3861:
2825:
2659:
698:
574:
509:
319:(the development of green flowers attributable to a loss of pigment by
300:
280:
208:
8013:
4419:
4158:
4060:
3801:
3600:
5363:
Marcone, C; Neimark, H; Ragozzino, A; Lauer, U; SeemĂĽller, E (1999).
3689:"AY-WB phytoplasma secretes a protein that targets plant cell nuclei"
2908:
722:
534:
526:
467:
420:
biosynthesis. Jasmonate levels are decreased in phytoplasma-infected
312:
197:
159:
155:
7929:
3275:
756:
termed PhREPS, for which no role is known. It is theorized that the
172:. Since their discovery, phytoplasmas have resisted all attempts at
7987:
5628:
Hodgetts, J; Ball, T; Boonham, N; Mumford, R; Dickinson, M (2007).
5160:
5143:
3274:
Lee, Ing-Ming; Davis, Robert E.; Gundersen-Rindal, Dawn E. (2000).
580:
More recent techniques allow infection levels to be assessed. Both
3992:
Sugio, A; Kingdom HN; MacLean AM; Grieve VM; Hogenhout SA (2011).
3339:
Pracros, P; Renaudin J; Eveillard S; Mouras A; Hernould M (2006).
2600:
589:
558:
384:
383:), was identified in 2009 from a phytoplasma causing yellowing of
350:
320:
252:
5708:
International
Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
5667:
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
5559:
Minutes of the Interim Meetings, 1 and 2 August, 1992, Ames, Iowa
4141:
Wang, N; Yang, H; Yin, Z; Liu, W; Sun, L; Wu, Y (December 2018).
5249:
Phytoplasma australiense" (Subgroup tuf-Australia I; rp-A) and "
719:
308:
7933:
6028:
2691:
5979:
Current research on Phytoplasmas at the Norwich Research Park
5661:
Wei, Wei; Davis, Robert E.; Lee, Ing-Ming; Zhao, Yan (2007).
3133:
3131:
5933:
Phytoplasma Resource and phytoplasma classification database
5911:
First International Phytoplasmologist Working Group Meeting
3835:"Repression of cell proliferation by miR319-regulated TCP4"
3143:"Phytoplasmas: bacteria that manipulate plants and insects"
3319:
The University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture
255:). Such diseases were originally thought to be caused by
5951:
First Internet Conference of Phytopathogenic Mollicutes
5907:
A comprehensive database of phytoplasma diseased images
3010:
List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature
5963:
The Centre for Information on Coconut Lethal Yellowing
3315:"Plant of the Week: Fasciated Plants (Crested Plants)"
331:. The expression of genes involved in maintaining the
4868:
4866:
3188:
3186:
5953:
includes several interesting articles on this topic.
5569:, p. 394–397; Vol. 43, No. 2 (see minutes 10 and 25)
5453:"Molecular Biology and Pathogenicity of Mycoplasmas"
5451:
Razin, Shmuel; Yogev, David; Naot, Yehudith (1998).
2793:
Symptoms of sweet potato little leaf phytoplasma on
7942:
7867:
7741:
7542:
7427:
7414:
7157:
7089:
7031:
6958:
6858:
6845:
6781:
6700:
6669:
6662:
6567:
6407:
6355:
6196:
6183:
533:. However, as phytoplasmas spread more slowly than
5921:Photo gallery about plants infected of phytoplasma
4664:Orlovskis, Zigmunds; Hogenhout, Saskia A. (2016).
54:induced by phytoplasma infection on a coneflower (
4977:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
4949:"Axenic culture of plant pathogenic phytoplasmas"
3784:Sugio, A; MacLean, AM; Hogenhout, SA (May 2014).
3630:
3628:
2874:A palm tree dying of lethal yellowing phytoplasma
718:transport pathway. Many phytoplasmas contain two
627:targeting phytoplasmas have also been developed.
287:, phytoplasmic DNA is distributed throughout the
5585:International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology
4397:
4395:
4393:
4391:
3089:Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan
303:is abnormal floral organ development, including
4756:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
3998:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
3570:
3568:
3519:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
517:of infected plant tissue onto a healthy plant.
488:Phytoplasmas enter the insect body through the
3508:
3506:
3504:
3502:
207:of agriculturally important plants, including
6040:
4610:
4608:
3728:
3726:
3724:
3682:
3680:
744:Phytoplasma genomes contain large numbers of
507:Phytoplasmas can also be spread via dodders (
261:International Organization for Mycoplasmology
8:
5947:publishes an informative site on this topic.
5556:Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Mollicutes.
5253:Phytoplasma asteris" Strains OY-M and AY-WB"
3269:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3078:
3076:
3074:
291:instead of being concentrated in a nucleus.
5992:"Phytoplasma Identity and Disease Etiology"
5579:Murray, R. G. E.; Stackebrandt, E. (1995).
4992:Wang, Qiaochun; Valkonen, J. P. T. (2008).
3199:Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology
646:The genomes of four phytoplasmas have been
513:) or by vegetative propagation such as the
349:Many phytoplasma-infected plants develop a
7930:
7424:
6855:
6666:
6193:
6047:
6033:
6025:
5965:with an associated Yahoo discussion group.
5508:Jomantiene, Rasa; Davis, Robert E (2006).
5457:Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
5125:"DRUG FOR HUMANS CHECKS PALM TREE DISEASE"
4803:
4801:
4799:
4797:
1335:
806:) or by comparisons of DNA sequences from
42:
31:
6007:
5900:Phytoplasma Classification Iphyclassifier
5727:
5678:
5645:
5596:
5525:
5484:
5380:
5330:
5320:
5279:
5219:
5159:
5048:
4890:
4777:
4767:
4691:
4681:
4640:
4588:
4531:
4521:
4480:
4427:
4371:
4322:
4273:
4215:
4166:
4117:
4068:
4019:
4009:
3968:
3958:
3909:
3860:
3850:
3809:
3760:
3750:
3704:
3660:
3608:
3548:
3538:
3438:
3397:
3356:
3276:"Phytoplasma: Phytopathogenic Mollicutes"
3241:
3166:
3100:
3054:
3028:
3026:
567:restriction fragment length polymorphism
546:were also studied. The empirical use of
5189:
5187:
3313:Klingaman, Gerald (February 22, 2008).
2990:
2589:
466:Phytoplasmas are spread principally by
8068:Bacterial plant pathogens and diseases
5990:Davis, R. E.; Sinclair, W. A. (1998).
4970:
2996:
2994:
594:loop-mediated isothermal amplification
4729:10.1146/annurev.ento.51.110104.151039
2409:Stylosanthes little leaf phytoplasma
588:can effectively quantify phytoplasma
561:)-based methods. In the early 1990s,
525:Phytoplasmas move within phloem from
7:
4879:Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
3693:Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
3345:Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
760:structures in PhREPS play a role in
5984:Phytoplasma universal detection kit
5974:Video of maize bushy stunt symptoms
4965:10.14601/Phytopathol_Mediterr-11773
2965:List of taxa with candidatus status
2760:caused by phytoplasma infection on
1228:
1206:
1186:
1131:
1109:
1102:
1078:
1027:
1019:
1012:
992:
924:
881:
873:
853:
846:
839:
275:that are bound by a triple-layered
5410:Journal of General Plant Pathology
4924:10.1016/B978-0-12-078405-9.50016-1
4857:10.1111/j.1439-0434.1991.tb00132.x
1657:" corrig. Zreik et al. 1995 (
1477:" corrig. White et al. 1998 (
1449:" corrig. Davis et al. 2012 (
708:functions and have no functioning
25:
5245:"Comparative Genome Analysis of "
5031:Chen, Y. D.; Chen, T. A. (1998).
4918:. Vol. 5. pp. 393–424.
754:repetitive extragenic palindromes
677:") has a genome size of only 530
235:) in which they both survive and
5647:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2006.01561.x
5527:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2005.00057.x
5469:10.1128/MMBR.62.4.1094-1156.1998
5212:10.1128/JB.188.10.3682-3696.2006
5010:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2007.01710.x
3399:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2011.04650.x
3159:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2008.00472.x
2922:
2900:
2879:
2867:
2853:
2833:
2818:
2803:
2786:
2771:
2750:
2732:
2716:
2701:
2683:
2666:
2647:
2631:
2615:
2592:
1993:Malaysian periwinkle virescence
1526:" corrig. Win et al. 2013 (
1410:American potato purple top wilt
752:, as well as a unique family of
662:Phytoplasma australiense", and "
152:obligate intracellular parasites
69:
5969:Video of Melia yellows symptoms
2406:" Rodrigues-Jardim et al. 2021
2346:Sugarcane Grassy Shoot Disease
2280:" SeemĂĽller and Schneider 2004
2259:" SeemĂĽller and Schneider 2004
2217:" Rodrigues-Jardim et al. 2023
2011:" SeemĂĽller and Schneider 2004
1805:" Rodrigues-Jardim et al. 2023
1554:" Rodrigues-Jardim et al. 2023
4561:Plant Signaling & Behavior
4196:Journal of Experimental Botany
4098:Journal of Experimental Botany
3292:10.1146/annurev.micro.54.1.221
2861:Sugarcane grassy shoot disease
1890:Mexican periwinkle virescence
1:
6009:10.1094/PHYTO.1998.88.12.1372
5050:10.1094/PHYTO.1998.88.12.1367
4822:10.1016/j.tplants.2005.09.008
4581:10.1080/15592324.2015.1042635
3280:Annual Review of Microbiology
3043:Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol
2322:" Malembic-Maher et al. 2011
2262:European stone fruit yellows
1703:" corrig. Firrao et al. 2004
1685:" corrig. Firrao et al. 2004
1639:Cirsium yellows and stunting
1508:Australian grapevine yellows
373:Many plant pathogens produce
369:Effector (virulence) proteins
311:-like structures in place of
5752:"Phytoplasma classification"
5123:Pace, Eric (July 19, 1983).
5094:10.1126/science.161.3843.793
4953:Phytopathologia Mediterranea
4892:10.1094/MPMI.2004.17.11.1175
4523:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001835
2970:Milkweed yellows phytoplasma
2552:Foxtail palm yellow decline
1930:Japanese hydrangea phyllody
1459:Passionfruit witches' broom
712:pathway, but they do have a
592:within plants. In addition,
409:aster yellows witches' broom
5957:Phytoplasma Genome Projects
5876:10.1094/PDIS-11-13-1183-PDN
5382:10.1094/PHYTO.1999.89.9.805
4717:Annual Review of Entomology
3440:10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.8.976
3243:10.1099/13500872-145-8-1937
2695:phloem necrosis phytoplasma
772:Phytoplasmas belong to the
554:was additionally employed.
8089:
5917:of Bulletin of Insectology
4670:Frontiers in Plant Science
4315:10.1016/j.chom.2017.01.003
3102:10.3186/jjphytopath.33.259
2448:" corrig. Matiashova 2017
2430:Salt cedar witches' broom
432:Macrosteles quadrilineatus
192:normally less than 1
7904:
7441:"Acidulodesulfobacteriia"
6067:
5598:10.1099/00207713-45-1-186
5514:FEMS Microbiology Letters
5422:10.1007/s10327-003-0035-1
4845:Journal of Phytopathology
4147:Molecular Plant Pathology
4049:Molecular Plant Pathology
3147:Molecular Plant Pathology
2138:Coconut lethal yellowing
1927:" Sawayanagi et al. 1999
1767:Bermuda grass white leaf
1536:Balanites witches' broom
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1246:
1233:
1226:
1212:
1204:
1191:
1184:
1149:
1136:
1129:
1115:
1107:
1100:
1083:
1076:
1045:
1034:"Ca. P. australasiatica"
1032:
1025:
1017:
1010:
997:
990:
946:
929:
922:
899:
886:
879:
871:
860:"Ca. P. tritici" {16SrI}
858:
851:
844:
762:transcription termination
563:polymerase chain reaction
66:Scientific classification
64:
50:
41:
34:
7698:"Thermodesulfovibrionia"
7436:Acidulodesulfobacteriota
6451:"Thermosediminibacteria"
6389:"Marinamargulisbacteria"
5837:Genome Taxonomy Database
5810:Genome Taxonomy Database
5783:Genome Taxonomy Database
5563:Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol.
5131:– via NYTimes.com.
2975:List of bacterial orders
2893:Phytoplasma australiense
2740:Parthenium hysterophorus
2388:Spartium witches' broom
2196:" Schneider et al. 2005
2032:" Fernández et al. 2016
1845:" Griffiths et al. 1999
1618:Chestnut witches' broom
1576:Hibiscus witches' broom
1462:PassWB-Br3; PassWB-Br3R
1193:"Ca. P. pini" {16SrXXI}
710:homologous recombination
658:Phytoplasma asteris"), "
603:has yet to be reported.
7732:Thermodesulfobacteriota
7533:"Thermosulfidibacteria"
6392:"Riflemargulisbacteria"
5913:published in Vol. 60-2
5778:"GTDB release 08-RS214"
5322:10.1186/1471-2164-9-306
5260:Journal of Bacteriology
5200:Journal of Bacteriology
4810:Trends in Plant Science
4769:10.1073/pnas.0508668103
4683:10.3389/fpls.2016.00885
4303:Cell Host & Microbe
4266:10.1126/science.1203659
4011:10.1073/pnas.1105664108
3960:10.1073/pnas.1200363109
3752:10.1073/pnas.1105664108
3540:10.1073/pnas.0813038106
2980:List of bacteria genera
2778:Little leaf disease of
2711:Little leaf phytoplasma
2638:Coconut palms dying of
2555:Bangi-2; FPYD Bangi-2R
2549:" Naderali et al. 2017
2467:" Hiruki and Wang 2004
2364:" Quaglino et al. 2013
2304:Rhamnus witches' broom
2135:" Harrison et al. 2014
2073:" Al-Saady et al. 2008
2056:Bogia coconut syndrome
2053:" Miyazaki et al. 2018
1824:" Valiunas et al. 2006
1636:" Šafárová et al. 2016
786:(Ca.) status (used for
541:Detection and diagnosis
529:, and can pass through
496:, and then move to the
462:Movement between plants
7974:Candidatus Phytoplasma
7888:Salinosulfoleibacteria
7706:"Lambdaproteobacteria"
7528:Thermosulfidibacterota
6805:"Macinerneyibacteriia"
6448:"Thermoanaerobacteria"
6375:Vampirovibrionophyceae
5805:"bac120_r214.sp_label"
5720:10.1099/ijsem.0.004332
4967:(inactive 2024-09-12).
4455:SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE
3706:10.1094/MPMI-22-1-0018
3211:10.1006/pmpp.2003.0450
3037:Candidatus Phytoplasma
2914:Dendrocalamus strictus
2573:Jujube witches' broom
2385:" Marcone et al. 2004
2301:" Marcone et al. 2004
2178:Almond witches' broom
2118:Palm lethal yellowing
2076:Cassia witches' broom
1972:Tomato 'brote grande'
1951:Loofah witches' broom
1869:Sugarcane yellow leaf
1764:" Marcone et al. 2004
1722:" Martini et al. 2012
1573:" Montano et al. 2001
1389:Allocasuarina yellows
1386:" Marcone et al. 2004
999:"Ca. P. mali" {16SrX}
808:16S/23S spacer regions
521:Movement within plants
6800:Macinerneyibacteriota
5986:Nippon Gene Co., Ltd.
5945:Ohio State University
5680:10.1099/ijs.0.65000-0
4633:10.1104/pp.111.181586
4364:10.1104/pp.111.181586
3902:10.1104/pp.112.200303
3653:10.1104/pp.113.218586
3056:10.1099/ijs.0.02854-0
2931:Trillium grandiflorum
2626:" phytoplasma disease
2610:" phytoplasma disease
2529:" Firrao et al. 2004
2470:Clover proliferation
2343:" Kirdat et al. 2021
2175:" Verdin et al. 2003
2115:" Firrao et al. 2004
2035:Chinaberry yellowing
1969:" Arocha et al. 2007
1866:" Arocha et al. 2005
1594:" Arocha et al. 2005
1413:APPTW12-NE; PPT12-NE
1341:Phytoplasma" species
764:or genome stability.
397:Nicotiana benthamiana
7783:Polarisedimenticolia
7771:"Guanabaribacteriia"
7713:Schekmaniibacteriota
7454:"Desulfurobacteriia"
7369:"Handelsmanbacteria"
7357:"Krumholzibacteriia"
6920:Firestoneibacteriota
6900:Desantisiibacteriota
6718:Coprothermobacterota
6598:"Absconditabacteria"
6515:"Desulfitobacteriia"
6384:Margulisiibacteriota
5905:Phytoplasma iPhyDSDB
5756:EPPO Global Database
3465:Nature Biotechnology
3358:10.1094/MPMI-19-0062
2742:showing symptoms of
2236:" Davis et al. 2013
2199:Pine witches' broom
2156:" Jones et al. 2004
2141:LYDM-178; LYDM-178R
2014:Apple proliferation
1990:" Nejat et al. 2013
1948:" Davis et al. 2017
1887:" Davis et al. 2016
1785:" Jones et al. 2021
1667:Lime witches' broom
1505:" Davis et al. 1997
1447:P. australamericanum
1355:16Sr group-subgroup
695:extrachromosomal DNA
650:: "onion yellows", "
481:(planthoppers), and
7917:Alternative views:
7789:Thermoanaerobaculia
7592:"Anaeroferrophilia"
7544:Deltaproteobacteria
7516:Desulfobacterota G
7379:Neomarinimicrobiota
7352:Krumholzibacteriota
7253:Edwardsiibacteriota
6979:"Hinthialibacteria"
6758:"Thermodesulfobiia"
6723:Coprothermobacteria
6535:"Halanaerobiaeota"
6483:"Thermaerobacteria"
6370:"Sericytochromatia"
5272:10.1128/JB.01301-07
5086:1968Sci...161..793D
4573:2015PlSiB..10E2635M
4473:10.1104/pp.15.00307
4258:2011Sci...333..596M
4004:(48): E1254–E1263.
3951:2012PNAS..109E1548K
3790:The New Phytologist
3593:2014NatSR...4E7399M
3531:2009PNAS..106.6416H
3477:10.1038/nbt0297-178
3139:Hogenhout, Saskia A
3049:(Pt 4): 1243–1255.
2796:Catharanthus roseus
2727:yellows phytoplasma
2622:A grape vine with "
2570:" Jung et al. 2003
2488:" Zhao et al. 2021
2427:" Zhao et al. 2009
2094:" Jung et al. 2003
1908:" Soto et al. 2021
1827:Strawberry yellows
1664:Zreik et al. 1995)
1615:" Jung et al. 2002
1484:White et al. 1998)
1475:P. australasiaticum
1456:Davis et al. 2012)
1367:" Soto et al. 2021
1349:Associated disease
1342:
1117:"Ca. P. phoenicia"
888:"Ca. P. hispanica"
796:restriction digests
750:insertion sequences
492:, pass through the
342:transport, inhibit
307:(the production of
196:, and a very small
7645:"Methylomirabilia"
7595:"Deferrimicrobiia"
7479:"Calescibacteriia"
7305:"Raymondbacteriia"
7287:"Fermentibacteria"
7246:Delongiibacteriota
7227:Coatesiibacteriota
7054:Lindowiibacteriota
6974:Hinthialibacterota
6753:Thermodesulfobiota
6601:"Andersenbacteria"
6527:"Syntrophomonadia"
6518:"Desulfotomaculia"
6509:"Carboxydothermia"
6340:"Eudoremicrobiia"
6325:"Heboniibacteriia"
5938:2008-12-08 at the
5926:2012-02-08 at the
5860:Tephrosia purpurea
5129:The New York Times
4208:10.1093/jxb/ery318
4110:10.1093/jxb/erw225
3581:Scientific Reports
2907:Witches' broom on
2675:Tephrosia purpurea
2508:" Lee et al. 2004
2242:PX11Ct1; PX11CT1R
2202:Pin127S; Pin127SR
2097:Rice yellow dwarf
1743:" Lee et al. 2011
1597:Papaya bunchy top
1428:" Lee et al. 2004
1407:" Lee et al. 2006
1336:
654:witches' broom" ("
531:sieve tube element
527:a source to a sink
414:TCP protein domain
158:tissue and of the
140:Firrao et al. 2004
123:Acholeplasmataceae
57:Echinacea purpurea
8050:
8049:
8035:Open Tree of Life
7936:Taxon identifiers
7927:
7926:
7863:
7862:
7859:
7858:
7814:Leptospirillaeota
7768:"Fischerbacteria"
7640:Methylomirabilota
7616:Desulfuromonadota
7587:Deferrimicrobiota
7511:"Deferribacteria"
7474:Calescibacteriota
7464:"Campylobacteria"
7398:Tianyaibacteriota
7372:"Latescibacteria"
7282:Fermentibacterota
7260:Eiseniibacteriota
7162:(Sphingobacteria)
7136:Verrucomicrobiota
7094:(Planctobacteria)
6991:"Hydrogenedentia"
6893:"Tritonobacteria"
6777:
6776:
6643:"Saccharimonadia"
6624:"Howlettbacteria"
6563:
6562:
6547:"Selenobacteria"
6512:"Dehalobacteriia"
6506:"Carboxydocellia"
6501:Desulfotomaculota
6491:"Hydrogenisporia"
6480:"Symbiobacteriia"
6469:"Proteinivoracia"
6313:"Abditibacteriia"
6226:"Geothermincolia"
6002:(12): 1372–1376.
5714:(11): 5607–5612.
5206:(10): 3682–3696.
5080:(3843): 793–794.
5043:(12): 1367–1371.
4933:978-0-12-078405-9
4885:(11): 1175–1184.
4762:(11): 4252–4257.
4453:"MiR396-targeted
4420:10.1111/tpj.12495
4252:(6042): 596–601.
4202:(22): 5389–5401.
4159:10.1111/mpp.12733
4153:(12): 2623–2634.
4061:10.1111/mpp.12409
3852:10.1093/mp/ssu084
3802:10.1111/nph.12721
3601:10.1038/srep07399
3525:(15): 6416–6421.
2960:Grapevine yellows
2624:flavescence dorée
2583:
2582:
1725:Bindweed yellows
1701:P. cocoitanzaniae
1533:Win et al. 2013)
1384:P. allocasuarinae
1334:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1320:
1319:
1311:
1310:
1302:
1301:
1293:
1292:
1284:
1283:
1275:
1274:
1266:
1265:
1257:
1256:
1248:"Ca. P. ziziphi"
1173:
1172:
1164:
1163:
1065:
1064:
1056:
1055:
979:
978:
970:
969:
961:
960:
910:
909:
800:16S ribosomal RNA
780:Acholeplasmatales
741:in phytoplasmas.
500:and colonize the
375:virulence factors
271:Phytoplasmas are
251:dwarf disease in
203:Phytoplasmas are
145:
144:
141:
113:Acholeplasmatales
27:Genus of bacteria
16:(Redirected from
8080:
8043:
8042:
8030:
8029:
8017:
8016:
8004:
8003:
7991:
7990:
7978:
7977:
7976:
7963:
7962:
7961:
7931:
7819:"Leptospirillia"
7794:Vicinamibacteria
7725:"Entotheonellia"
7621:Desulfuromonadia
7552:Bdellovibrionota
7520:Syntrophorhabdia
7507:Deferribacterota
7460:Campylobacterota
7425:
7364:Latescibacterota
7298:Chitinivibrionia
7275:"Tariuqbacteria"
7148:Verrucomicrobiia
6986:Hydrogenedentota
6949:Ratteibacteriota
6942:"Velamenicoccia"
6927:Goldiibacteriota
6890:"Erginobacteria"
6884:"Ancaeobacteria"
6856:
6836:Walliibacteriota
6824:Rifleibacteriota
6817:"Muiribacteriia"
6746:"Lithacetigenia"
6667:
6637:"Microgenomatia"
6614:"Doudnabacteria"
6459:"Dethiobacteria"
6418:
6398:"Termititenacia"
6362:Cyanobacteriota
6346:"Eremiobacteria"
6277:"Limnocylindria"
6251:"Bipolaricaulia"
6194:
6096:
6076:
6049:
6042:
6035:
6026:
6021:
6011:
5888:
5887:
5855:
5849:
5848:
5846:
5844:
5828:
5822:
5821:
5819:
5817:
5801:
5795:
5794:
5792:
5790:
5774:
5768:
5767:
5765:
5763:
5748:
5742:
5741:
5731:
5699:
5693:
5692:
5682:
5673:(8): 1855–1867.
5658:
5652:
5651:
5649:
5625:
5619:
5618:
5600:
5576:
5570:
5554:
5548:
5547:
5529:
5505:
5499:
5498:
5488:
5463:(4): 1094–1156.
5448:
5442:
5441:
5401:
5395:
5394:
5384:
5360:
5354:
5351:
5345:
5344:
5334:
5324:
5300:
5294:
5293:
5283:
5257:
5240:
5234:
5233:
5223:
5191:
5182:
5181:
5163:
5139:
5133:
5132:
5120:
5114:
5113:
5069:
5063:
5062:
5052:
5028:
5022:
5021:
4989:
4983:
4982:
4976:
4968:
4944:
4938:
4937:
4911:
4905:
4904:
4894:
4870:
4861:
4860:
4840:
4834:
4833:
4805:
4792:
4791:
4781:
4771:
4747:
4741:
4740:
4712:
4706:
4705:
4695:
4685:
4661:
4655:
4654:
4644:
4621:Plant Physiology
4612:
4603:
4602:
4592:
4552:
4546:
4545:
4535:
4525:
4501:
4495:
4494:
4484:
4467:(4): 1702–1716.
4461:Plant Physiology
4448:
4442:
4441:
4431:
4399:
4386:
4385:
4375:
4352:Plant Physiology
4343:
4337:
4336:
4326:
4294:
4288:
4287:
4277:
4236:
4230:
4229:
4219:
4187:
4181:
4180:
4170:
4138:
4132:
4131:
4121:
4089:
4083:
4082:
4072:
4040:
4034:
4033:
4023:
4013:
3989:
3983:
3982:
3972:
3962:
3945:(24): E1548-57.
3930:
3924:
3923:
3913:
3890:Plant Physiology
3881:
3875:
3874:
3864:
3854:
3830:
3824:
3823:
3813:
3781:
3775:
3774:
3764:
3754:
3745:(48): E1254-63.
3730:
3719:
3718:
3708:
3684:
3675:
3674:
3664:
3647:(4): 2004–2015.
3641:Plant Physiology
3632:
3623:
3622:
3612:
3572:
3563:
3562:
3552:
3542:
3510:
3497:
3496:
3459:
3453:
3452:
3442:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3401:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3360:
3336:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3271:
3256:
3255:
3245:
3236:(8): 1939–1943.
3221:
3215:
3214:
3190:
3181:
3180:
3170:
3135:
3126:
3125:
3118:Plant Protection
3113:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3080:
3069:
3068:
3058:
3030:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3016:
2998:
2950:Cherry X-disease
2926:
2904:
2883:
2871:
2857:
2837:
2822:
2807:
2790:
2775:
2754:
2736:
2720:
2705:
2687:
2670:
2651:
2640:lethal yellowing
2635:
2619:
2596:
2239:Peach X-disease
2059:BCS-Bo; BCS-BoR
2051:P. noviguineense
1830:StrawY; StrawYR
1683:P. cocoinigeriae
1663:
1532:
1483:
1455:
1454:P. sudamericanum
1343:
1229:
1214:"Ca. P. luffae"
1207:
1187:
1138:"Ca. P. oryzae"
1132:
1110:
1103:
1079:
1028:
1020:
1013:
993:
925:
901:"Ca. P. meliae"
882:
874:
854:
847:
840:
826:
825:
802:gene sequences (
582:quantitative PCR
382:
359:apical dominance
139:
74:
73:
46:
32:
21:
8088:
8087:
8083:
8082:
8081:
8079:
8078:
8077:
8073:Candidatus taxa
8053:
8052:
8051:
8046:
8038:
8033:
8025:
8020:
8012:
8007:
7999:
7994:
7986:
7981:
7972:
7971:
7966:
7957:
7956:
7951:
7938:
7928:
7923:
7911:Bergey's Manual
7900:
7855:
7850:"Pseudomonadia"
7760:"Aminicenantia"
7749:Acidobacteriota
7737:
7720:Tectimicrobiota
7602:Deferrisomatota
7562:Bdellovibrionia
7557:Bacteriovoracia
7538:
7496:Dadaibacteriota
7418:
7410:
7405:Zixiibacteriota
7391:"Marinisomatia"
7345:"Stahlbacteria"
7318:"Glassbacteria"
7311:Gemmatimonadota
7220:"Cloacimonadia"
7185:Ignavibacteriia
7161:
7153:
7140:Kiritimatiellia
7130:"Uabimicrobiia"
7113:Planctomycetota
7093:
7085:
7034:bacteriobiontes
7033:
7027:
7010:"Saltatorellae"
6954:
6906:Elusimicrobiota
6849:
6841:
6829:"Ozemibacteria"
6812:Muiribacteriota
6773:
6741:Lithacetigenota
6730:Dictyoglomerota
6696:
6658:
6646:"Torokbacteria"
6640:"Paceibacteria"
6634:"Kazanbacteria"
6619:Gracilibacteria
6611:"Dojkabacteria"
6590:Patescibacteria
6583:"Elulimicrobia"
6559:
6477:"Sulfobacillia"
6416:
6415:
6411:
6403:
6395:"Saganbacteria"
6356:Cyanoprokaryota
6351:
6335:Eremiobacterota
6303:"Dormibacteria"
6298:Dormiibacterota
6274:Ktedonobacteria
6270:Dehalococcoidia
6246:Bipolaricaulota
6238:Thermoleophilia
6229:"Humimicrobiia"
6187:
6179:
6178:
6094:
6072:
6063:
6053:
5989:
5940:Wayback Machine
5928:Wayback Machine
5896:
5891:
5857:
5856:
5852:
5842:
5840:
5832:"Taxon History"
5830:
5829:
5825:
5815:
5813:
5803:
5802:
5798:
5788:
5786:
5776:
5775:
5771:
5761:
5759:
5750:
5749:
5745:
5701:
5700:
5696:
5660:
5659:
5655:
5634:Plant Pathology
5627:
5626:
5622:
5578:
5577:
5573:
5555:
5551:
5507:
5506:
5502:
5450:
5449:
5445:
5403:
5402:
5398:
5362:
5361:
5357:
5352:
5348:
5302:
5301:
5297:
5266:(11): 3979–91.
5255:
5242:
5241:
5237:
5193:
5192:
5185:
5148:Nature Genetics
5141:
5140:
5136:
5122:
5121:
5117:
5071:
5070:
5066:
5030:
5029:
5025:
4998:Plant Pathology
4991:
4990:
4986:
4969:
4946:
4945:
4941:
4934:
4916:The Mycoplasmas
4913:
4912:
4908:
4872:
4871:
4864:
4842:
4841:
4837:
4816:(11): 526–535.
4807:
4806:
4795:
4749:
4748:
4744:
4714:
4713:
4709:
4663:
4662:
4658:
4614:
4613:
4606:
4567:(8): e1042635.
4554:
4553:
4549:
4516:(4): e1001835.
4503:
4502:
4498:
4450:
4449:
4445:
4401:
4400:
4389:
4345:
4344:
4340:
4296:
4295:
4291:
4238:
4237:
4233:
4189:
4188:
4184:
4140:
4139:
4135:
4104:(14): 4415–25.
4091:
4090:
4086:
4042:
4041:
4037:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3932:
3931:
3927:
3883:
3882:
3878:
3845:(10): 1533–44.
3839:Molecular Plant
3832:
3831:
3827:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3732:
3731:
3722:
3686:
3685:
3678:
3634:
3633:
3626:
3574:
3573:
3566:
3512:
3511:
3500:
3461:
3460:
3456:
3420:
3419:
3415:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3323:
3321:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3273:
3272:
3259:
3223:
3222:
3218:
3192:
3191:
3184:
3137:
3136:
3129:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3091:(in Japanese).
3082:
3081:
3072:
3032:
3031:
3024:
3014:
3012:
3000:
2999:
2992:
2988:
2946:
2939:
2927:
2918:
2905:
2896:
2884:
2875:
2872:
2863:
2858:
2849:
2838:
2829:
2823:
2814:
2808:
2799:
2791:
2782:
2776:
2767:
2755:
2746:
2737:
2728:
2723:Trees dying of
2721:
2712:
2706:
2697:
2688:
2679:
2671:
2662:
2652:
2643:
2636:
2627:
2620:
2611:
2597:
2588:
2404:P. stylosanthis
1851:AshY1; Ashy lT
1741:P. costaricanum
1662:P. aurantifolia
1658:
1527:
1503:P. australiense
1478:
1450:
1330:
1321:
1312:
1303:
1294:
1285:
1276:
1267:
1258:
1235:"Ca. P. vitis"
1174:
1165:
1066:
1057:
1047:"Ca. P. citri"
980:
971:
962:
933:P. australiense
911:
820:
770:
725:. Unlike other
644:
619:liquid nitrogen
609:
543:
523:
502:salivary glands
477:(leafhoppers),
464:
459:
443:
378:
371:
333:apical meristem
297:
269:
245:
170:-like organisms
138:
68:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8086:
8084:
8076:
8075:
8070:
8065:
8055:
8054:
8048:
8047:
8045:
8044:
8031:
8018:
8005:
7992:
7979:
7964:
7948:
7946:
7940:
7939:
7934:
7925:
7924:
7922:
7921:
7915:
7905:
7902:
7901:
7899:
7898:
7891:
7884:
7883:
7882:
7871:
7869:
7865:
7864:
7861:
7860:
7857:
7856:
7854:
7853:
7852:
7851:
7848:
7841:
7834:
7825:Pseudomonadota
7822:
7821:
7820:
7810:
7809:
7808:
7798:
7797:
7796:
7791:
7786:
7779:
7772:
7769:
7766:
7764:Blastocatellia
7761:
7758:
7755:Acidobacteriia
7745:
7743:
7739:
7738:
7736:
7735:
7728:
7727:
7726:
7716:
7709:
7708:
7707:
7701:
7700:
7699:
7696:
7688:
7687:
7686:
7678:
7677:
7676:
7673:
7672:"Bradymonadia"
7670:
7660:
7659:
7658:
7657:"Moduliflexia"
7648:
7647:
7646:
7636:
7635:
7634:
7624:
7623:
7622:
7612:
7611:
7610:
7608:Deferrisomatia
7598:
7597:
7596:
7593:
7583:
7582:
7581:
7571:
7570:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7548:
7546:
7540:
7539:
7537:
7536:
7535:
7534:
7524:
7523:
7522:
7514:
7513:
7512:
7504:
7503:
7502:
7501:"Dadabacteria"
7492:
7491:
7490:
7482:
7481:
7480:
7470:
7469:
7468:
7465:
7457:
7456:
7455:
7452:
7444:
7443:
7442:
7431:
7429:
7422:
7416:Proteobacteria
7412:
7411:
7409:
7408:
7401:
7394:
7393:
7392:
7386:Marinisomatota
7382:
7375:
7374:
7373:
7370:
7360:
7359:
7358:
7348:
7347:
7346:
7343:
7342:"Hydrothermia"
7333:
7332:
7331:
7321:
7320:
7319:
7316:
7315:Gemmatimonadia
7308:
7307:
7306:
7303:
7300:
7293:Fibrobacterota
7290:
7289:
7288:
7278:
7277:
7276:
7273:
7272:"Electryoneia"
7263:
7256:
7249:
7242:
7241:
7240:
7239:"Cosmopolitia"
7230:
7223:
7222:
7221:
7215:Cloacimonadota
7211:
7210:
7209:
7201:
7200:
7199:
7194:
7191:
7190:"Kapabacteria"
7188:
7181:
7176:
7165:
7163:
7155:
7154:
7152:
7151:
7150:
7149:
7146:
7141:
7133:
7132:
7131:
7128:
7126:Planctomycetia
7123:
7118:
7110:
7109:
7108:
7097:
7095:
7087:
7086:
7084:
7083:
7082:
7081:
7074:
7071:
7068:
7067:"Brachyspirae"
7065:
7064:"Brevinematia"
7057:
7050:
7049:
7048:
7037:
7035:
7029:
7028:
7026:
7025:
7024:
7023:
7013:
7012:
7011:
7005:Saltatorellota
7001:
6998:Poribacteriota
6994:
6993:
6992:
6982:
6981:
6980:
6970:
6967:Abyssubacteria
6962:
6960:
6956:
6955:
6953:
6952:
6945:
6944:
6943:
6940:
6930:
6923:
6916:
6915:
6914:
6911:
6910:Elusimicrobiia
6903:
6896:
6895:
6894:
6891:
6888:
6887:"Auribacteria"
6885:
6875:
6874:
6873:
6862:
6860:
6853:
6843:
6842:
6840:
6839:
6832:
6831:
6830:
6820:
6819:
6818:
6808:
6807:
6806:
6796:
6795:
6794:
6789:Fusobacteriota
6785:
6783:
6779:
6778:
6775:
6774:
6772:
6771:
6770:
6769:
6761:
6760:
6759:
6749:
6748:
6747:
6737:
6736:
6735:
6734:Dictyoglomeria
6727:
6726:
6725:
6715:
6714:
6713:
6704:
6702:
6698:
6697:
6695:
6694:
6693:
6692:
6684:
6683:
6682:
6673:
6671:
6664:
6660:
6659:
6657:
6656:
6655:
6654:
6647:
6644:
6641:
6638:
6635:
6632:
6629:Katanobacteria
6625:
6622:
6615:
6612:
6609:
6606:Berkelbacteria
6602:
6599:
6596:
6586:
6585:
6584:
6573:
6571:
6565:
6564:
6561:
6560:
6558:
6557:
6556:
6555:
6545:
6544:
6543:
6533:
6532:
6531:
6530:"Thermincolia"
6528:
6525:
6522:
6519:
6516:
6513:
6510:
6507:
6497:
6496:
6495:
6492:
6486:
6485:
6484:
6481:
6478:
6472:
6471:
6470:
6467:
6464:Natranaerobiia
6460:
6454:
6453:
6452:
6449:
6446:
6436:
6435:
6434:
6421:
6419:
6405:
6404:
6402:
6401:
6400:
6399:
6396:
6393:
6390:
6380:
6379:
6378:
6371:
6368:
6359:
6357:
6353:
6352:
6350:
6349:
6348:
6347:
6344:
6338:
6331:
6330:
6329:
6326:
6323:
6322:Fimbriimonadia
6320:
6319:Chthonomonadia
6317:
6314:
6309:Armatimonadota
6306:
6305:
6304:
6294:
6293:
6292:
6280:
6279:
6278:
6275:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6254:
6253:
6252:
6242:
6241:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6227:
6224:
6222:Coriobacteriia
6219:
6218:"Aquicultoria"
6216:
6211:
6209:Acidimicrobiia
6204:Actinomycetota
6200:
6198:
6191:
6181:
6180:
6177:
6176:
6175:
6174:
6173:
6172:
6169:Mesomycetozoea
6166:
6161:
6151:
6141:
6140:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6118:
6117:
6105:Diaphoretickes
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6069:
6068:
6065:
6064:
6062:classification
6054:
6052:
6051:
6044:
6037:
6029:
6023:
6022:
5996:Phytopathology
5987:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5960:
5954:
5948:
5942:
5930:
5918:
5908:
5902:
5895:
5894:External links
5892:
5890:
5889:
5850:
5823:
5796:
5769:
5743:
5694:
5653:
5640:(3): 357–365.
5620:
5591:(1): 186–187.
5571:
5549:
5500:
5443:
5416:(3): 194–198.
5396:
5375:(9): 805–810.
5369:Phytopathology
5355:
5346:
5295:
5235:
5183:
5161:10.1038/ng1277
5134:
5115:
5064:
5037:Phytopathology
5023:
5004:(2): 338–347.
4984:
4959:(3): 607–617.
4939:
4932:
4906:
4862:
4835:
4793:
4742:
4707:
4656:
4604:
4547:
4496:
4443:
4414:(4): 541–554.
4387:
4358:(2): 831–841.
4338:
4309:(2): 156–168.
4289:
4231:
4182:
4133:
4084:
4055:(3): 435–442.
4035:
3984:
3925:
3896:(4): 1511–23.
3876:
3825:
3776:
3720:
3676:
3624:
3564:
3498:
3471:(2): 178–182.
3454:
3433:(8): 976–981.
3427:Phytopathology
3413:
3392:(6): 971–979.
3372:
3331:
3305:
3257:
3216:
3205:(2): 237–242.
3182:
3153:(4): 403–423.
3127:
3108:
3095:(4): 259–266.
3070:
3022:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2928:
2921:
2919:
2906:
2899:
2897:
2885:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2866:
2864:
2859:
2852:
2850:
2839:
2832:
2830:
2824:
2817:
2815:
2809:
2802:
2800:
2792:
2785:
2783:
2780:Cleome viscosa
2777:
2770:
2768:
2756:
2749:
2747:
2744:witches' broom
2738:
2731:
2729:
2722:
2715:
2713:
2707:
2700:
2698:
2689:
2682:
2680:
2678:witches' broom
2672:
2665:
2663:
2653:
2646:
2644:
2637:
2630:
2628:
2621:
2614:
2612:
2598:
2591:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2539:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2498:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2478:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2457:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2438:
2437:
2434:
2433:SCWB1; SCWB1R
2431:
2428:
2417:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2375:
2374:
2371:
2370:STOL; STOL11R
2368:
2365:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2333:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2270:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:P. planchoniae
2207:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2165:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2125:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:P. malaysianum
1980:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:P. lycopersici
1959:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1746:Soybean stunt
1744:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:P. brasiliense
1563:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1516:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1487:Papaya mosaic
1485:
1482:P. australasia
1467:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1431:Aster yellows
1429:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1114:
1108:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1082:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1018:
1016:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1002:
1001:
996:
991:
989:
986:
985:
982:
981:
977:
976:
973:
972:
968:
967:
964:
963:
959:
958:
955:
954:
945:
942:
941:
938:
937:
928:
923:
921:
917:
916:
913:
912:
908:
907:
904:
903:
898:
895:
894:
891:
890:
885:
880:
878:
872:
870:
867:
866:
863:
862:
857:
852:
850:
845:
843:
838:
835:
834:
829:Phylogeny of "
819:
816:
769:
766:
643:
640:
635:bacteriostatic
615:Tissue culture
608:
605:
542:
539:
522:
519:
463:
460:
458:
455:
441:
370:
367:
355:witches' broom
296:
293:
268:
265:
244:
241:
143:
142:
130:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
93:Mycoplasmatota
90:
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
62:
61:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8085:
8074:
8071:
8069:
8066:
8064:
8061:
8060:
8058:
8041:
8036:
8032:
8028:
8023:
8019:
8015:
8010:
8006:
8002:
7997:
7993:
7989:
7984:
7980:
7975:
7969:
7965:
7960:
7954:
7950:
7949:
7947:
7945:
7941:
7937:
7932:
7920:
7916:
7913:
7912:
7907:
7906:
7903:
7896:
7895:Teskebacteria
7892:
7889:
7885:
7881:"Qinglongiia"
7880:
7879:
7877:
7873:
7872:
7870:
7866:
7849:
7846:
7845:Magnetococcia
7842:
7839:
7838:Mariprofundia
7835:
7832:
7831:Caulobacteria
7828:
7827:
7826:
7823:
7818:
7817:
7815:
7811:
7807:"Canglongiia"
7806:
7805:
7803:
7799:
7795:
7792:
7790:
7787:
7784:
7780:
7777:
7773:
7770:
7767:
7765:
7762:
7759:
7756:
7752:
7751:
7750:
7747:
7746:
7744:
7740:
7733:
7729:
7724:
7723:
7721:
7717:
7714:
7710:
7705:
7704:
7702:
7697:
7694:
7693:
7692:
7689:
7684:
7683:
7682:
7679:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7665:
7664:
7661:
7656:
7655:
7653:
7652:Moduliflexota
7649:
7644:
7643:
7641:
7637:
7632:
7631:
7629:
7625:
7620:
7619:
7617:
7613:
7609:
7606:
7605:
7603:
7599:
7594:
7591:
7590:
7588:
7584:
7579:
7578:
7576:
7572:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7554:
7553:
7550:
7549:
7547:
7545:
7541:
7532:
7531:
7529:
7525:
7521:
7518:
7517:
7515:
7510:
7509:
7508:
7505:
7500:
7499:
7497:
7493:
7488:
7487:
7486:
7485:Chrysiogenota
7483:
7478:
7477:
7475:
7471:
7467:Desulfurellia
7466:
7463:
7462:
7461:
7458:
7453:
7450:
7449:
7448:
7445:
7440:
7439:
7437:
7433:
7432:
7430:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7417:
7413:
7406:
7402:
7399:
7395:
7390:
7389:
7387:
7383:
7380:
7376:
7371:
7368:
7367:
7365:
7361:
7356:
7355:
7353:
7349:
7344:
7341:
7340:
7338:
7337:Hydrothermota
7334:
7329:
7328:
7326:
7322:
7317:
7314:
7313:
7312:
7309:
7304:
7302:Fibrobacteria
7301:
7299:
7296:
7295:
7294:
7291:
7286:
7285:
7283:
7279:
7274:
7271:
7270:
7268:
7267:Electryoneota
7264:
7261:
7257:
7254:
7250:
7247:
7243:
7238:
7237:
7235:
7231:
7228:
7224:
7219:
7218:
7216:
7212:
7207:
7206:
7205:
7204:Calditrichota
7202:
7198:
7195:
7192:
7189:
7186:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7171:
7170:
7167:
7166:
7164:
7160:
7156:
7147:
7145:
7144:Lentisphaeria
7142:
7139:
7138:
7137:
7134:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7121:Phycisphaeria
7119:
7116:
7115:
7114:
7111:
7107:
7104:
7103:
7102:
7099:
7098:
7096:
7092:
7088:
7079:
7075:
7073:"Leptospiria"
7072:
7070:"Exilispiria"
7069:
7066:
7063:
7062:
7061:
7060:Spirochaetota
7058:
7055:
7051:
7046:
7045:
7043:
7039:
7038:
7036:
7030:
7021:
7020:
7018:
7014:
7009:
7008:
7006:
7002:
6999:
6995:
6990:
6989:
6987:
6983:
6978:
6977:
6975:
6971:
6968:
6964:
6963:
6961:
6957:
6950:
6946:
6941:
6939:"Omnitrophia"
6938:
6937:
6935:
6931:
6928:
6924:
6921:
6917:
6913:Endomicrobiia
6912:
6909:
6908:
6907:
6904:
6901:
6897:
6892:
6889:
6886:
6883:
6882:
6880:
6879:Auribacterota
6876:
6871:
6870:
6868:
6864:
6863:
6861:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6848:
6847:Hydrobacteria
6844:
6837:
6833:
6828:
6827:
6825:
6821:
6816:
6815:
6813:
6809:
6804:
6803:
6801:
6797:
6793:Fusobacteriia
6792:
6791:
6790:
6787:
6786:
6784:
6782:Fusobacterida
6780:
6768:"Thermotogia"
6767:
6766:
6765:
6762:
6757:
6756:
6754:
6750:
6745:
6744:
6742:
6738:
6733:
6732:
6731:
6728:
6724:
6721:
6720:
6719:
6716:
6711:
6710:
6709:
6708:Caldisericota
6706:
6705:
6703:
6699:
6690:
6689:
6688:
6685:
6680:
6679:
6678:
6677:Atribacterota
6675:
6674:
6672:
6670:Synergistetes
6668:
6665:
6661:
6652:
6651:Wirthbacteria
6648:
6645:
6642:
6639:
6636:
6633:
6630:
6626:
6623:
6620:
6616:
6613:
6610:
6607:
6603:
6600:
6597:
6594:
6593:
6591:
6587:
6582:
6581:
6579:
6575:
6574:
6572:
6570:
6566:
6553:
6552:Selenomonadia
6549:
6548:
6546:
6541:
6540:Halanaerobiia
6537:
6536:
6534:
6529:
6526:
6524:"Peptococcia"
6523:
6520:
6517:
6514:
6511:
6508:
6505:
6504:
6502:
6498:
6493:
6490:
6489:
6487:
6482:
6479:
6476:
6475:
6473:
6468:
6465:
6461:
6458:
6457:
6455:
6450:
6447:
6444:
6440:
6439:
6437:
6432:
6428:
6427:
6426:
6423:
6422:
6420:
6414:
6410:
6406:
6397:
6394:
6391:
6388:
6387:
6385:
6381:
6376:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6366:Cyanobacteria
6364:
6363:
6361:
6360:
6358:
6354:
6345:
6342:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6332:
6327:
6324:
6321:
6318:
6316:Armatimonadia
6315:
6312:
6311:
6310:
6307:
6302:
6301:
6299:
6295:
6290:
6286:
6285:
6284:
6281:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:"Caldilineia"
6260:
6259:
6258:
6257:Chloroflexota
6255:
6250:
6249:
6247:
6243:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6233:Rubrobacteria
6231:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6214:Actinomycetia
6212:
6210:
6207:
6206:
6205:
6202:
6201:
6199:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6189:BV1, BV3, BV5
6186:
6185:Terrabacteria
6182:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6156:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6146:
6145:
6142:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6132:Stramenopiles
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6116:
6113:
6112:
6111:
6108:
6107:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6095:(major groups
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6075:
6071:
6070:
6066:
6061:
6057:
6050:
6045:
6043:
6038:
6036:
6031:
6030:
6027:
6019:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6001:
5997:
5993:
5988:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5964:
5961:
5958:
5955:
5952:
5949:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5937:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5925:
5922:
5919:
5916:
5912:
5909:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5897:
5893:
5885:
5881:
5877:
5873:
5869:
5865:
5864:Plant Disease
5861:
5854:
5851:
5839:
5838:
5833:
5827:
5824:
5812:
5811:
5806:
5800:
5797:
5785:
5784:
5779:
5773:
5770:
5757:
5753:
5747:
5744:
5739:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5721:
5717:
5713:
5709:
5705:
5698:
5695:
5690:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5672:
5668:
5664:
5657:
5654:
5648:
5643:
5639:
5635:
5631:
5624:
5621:
5616:
5612:
5608:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5590:
5586:
5582:
5575:
5572:
5568:
5564:
5561:
5560:
5553:
5550:
5545:
5541:
5537:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5519:
5515:
5511:
5504:
5501:
5496:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5478:
5474:
5470:
5466:
5462:
5458:
5454:
5447:
5444:
5439:
5435:
5431:
5427:
5423:
5419:
5415:
5411:
5407:
5400:
5397:
5392:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5374:
5370:
5366:
5359:
5356:
5350:
5347:
5342:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5314:
5310:
5306:
5299:
5296:
5291:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5273:
5269:
5265:
5261:
5254:
5252:
5248:
5239:
5236:
5231:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5213:
5209:
5205:
5201:
5197:
5190:
5188:
5184:
5179:
5175:
5171:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5153:
5149:
5145:
5138:
5135:
5130:
5126:
5119:
5116:
5111:
5107:
5103:
5099:
5095:
5091:
5087:
5083:
5079:
5075:
5068:
5065:
5060:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5042:
5038:
5034:
5027:
5024:
5019:
5015:
5011:
5007:
5003:
4999:
4995:
4988:
4985:
4980:
4974:
4966:
4962:
4958:
4954:
4950:
4943:
4940:
4935:
4929:
4925:
4921:
4917:
4910:
4907:
4902:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4884:
4880:
4876:
4869:
4867:
4863:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4846:
4839:
4836:
4831:
4827:
4823:
4819:
4815:
4811:
4804:
4802:
4800:
4798:
4794:
4789:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4746:
4743:
4738:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4722:
4718:
4711:
4708:
4703:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4660:
4657:
4652:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4634:
4630:
4627:(2): 831–41.
4626:
4622:
4618:
4611:
4609:
4605:
4600:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4582:
4578:
4574:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4551:
4548:
4543:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4507:
4500:
4497:
4492:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4474:
4470:
4466:
4462:
4458:
4456:
4447:
4444:
4439:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4408:Plant Journal
4405:
4398:
4396:
4394:
4392:
4388:
4383:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4342:
4339:
4334:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4293:
4290:
4285:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4259:
4255:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4235:
4232:
4227:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4186:
4183:
4178:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4137:
4134:
4129:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4088:
4085:
4080:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4039:
4036:
4031:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3988:
3985:
3980:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3929:
3926:
3921:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3880:
3877:
3872:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3829:
3826:
3821:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3796:(3): 838–48.
3795:
3791:
3787:
3780:
3777:
3772:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3729:
3727:
3725:
3721:
3716:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3683:
3681:
3677:
3672:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3631:
3629:
3625:
3620:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3571:
3569:
3565:
3560:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3499:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3458:
3455:
3450:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3417:
3414:
3409:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3386:Plant Journal
3383:
3376:
3373:
3368:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3335:
3332:
3320:
3316:
3309:
3306:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3253:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3220:
3217:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3178:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3123:
3119:
3112:
3109:
3103:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3066:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3038:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3011:
3007:
3006:Phytoplasma""
3005:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2985:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2925:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2903:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2889:
2882:
2877:
2870:
2865:
2862:
2856:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2836:
2831:
2827:
2821:
2816:
2813:
2806:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2789:
2784:
2781:
2774:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2759:
2753:
2748:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2730:
2726:
2719:
2714:
2710:
2704:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2686:
2681:
2677:
2676:
2669:
2664:
2661:
2657:
2656:aster yellows
2650:
2645:
2641:
2634:
2629:
2625:
2618:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2602:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2419:
2418:
2415:16SrXXXVII-A
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2285:
2283:Pear decline
2282:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2173:P. phoenicium
2171:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1885:P. hispanicum
1883:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1816:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1803:P. fabacearum
1801:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1762:P. cynodontis
1760:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1720:P. convolvuli
1718:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1565:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1405:P. americanum
1403:
1399:
1398:
1395:16SrXXXIII-A
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1346:Species name
1344:
1340:
1325:
1324:
1316:
1315:
1307:
1306:
1298:
1297:
1289:
1288:
1280:
1279:
1271:
1270:
1262:
1261:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1231:
1230:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1189:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1169:
1168:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1134:
1133:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1081:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1061:
1060:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1030:
1029:
1022:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1000:
995:
994:
988:
987:
984:
983:
975:
974:
966:
965:
957:
956:
953:
951:
944:
943:
940:
939:
936:
934:
927:
926:
919:
918:
915:
914:
906:
905:
902:
897:
896:
893:
892:
889:
884:
883:
876:
875:
869:
868:
865:
864:
861:
856:
855:
849:
848:
842:
841:
837:
836:
833:Phytoplasma"
832:
828:
827:
824:
817:
815:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
778:
775:
767:
765:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
742:
740:
737:is used as a
736:
732:
728:
724:
721:
717:
716:
711:
707:
702:
700:
696:
692:
691:
686:
685:
680:
676:
675:P. cynodontis
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
652:aster yellows
649:
641:
639:
636:
632:
631:Tetracyclines
628:
626:
622:
620:
616:
612:
606:
604:
602:
597:
595:
591:
587:
583:
578:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
555:
553:
549:
540:
538:
536:
532:
528:
520:
518:
516:
512:
511:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
486:
484:
480:
476:
473:
469:
461:
456:
454:
452:
448:
437:
434:
433:
428:
423:
419:
415:
410:
405:
403:
399:
398:
392:
391:
386:
381:
376:
368:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
347:
345:
341:
336:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
294:
292:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
266:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
242:
240:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
201:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
169:
164:
161:
157:
153:
149:
137:
135:
131:
128:
127:
124:
121:
118:
117:
114:
111:
108:
107:
104:
101:
98:
97:
94:
91:
88:
87:
84:
81:
78:
77:
72:
67:
63:
59:
58:
53:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
7943:
7909:
7876:Qinglongiota
7802:Canglongiota
7691:Nitrospirota
7681:Nitrospinota
7633:"Lernaellia"
7489:Chrysiogenia
7330:"Heilongiia"
7234:Cosmopoliota
7208:Calditrichia
7197:Rhodothermia
7193:"Kryptoniia"
7169:Bacteroidota
7078:Spirochaetia
7022:"Sumerlaeia"
6934:Omnitrophota
6872:"Aerophobia"
6764:Thermotogota
6712:Caldisericia
6687:Synergistota
6681:Atribacteria
6663:Thermotogida
6494:Limnochordia
6488:Bacillota G
6474:Bacillota E
6456:Bacillota D
6438:Bacillota A
6328:"Zipacnadia"
6283:Deinococcota
6265:Chloroflexia
6154:Opisthokonta
5999:
5995:
5914:
5867:
5863:
5859:
5853:
5841:. Retrieved
5835:
5826:
5814:. Retrieved
5808:
5799:
5787:. Retrieved
5781:
5772:
5760:. Retrieved
5755:
5746:
5711:
5707:
5697:
5670:
5666:
5656:
5637:
5633:
5623:
5588:
5584:
5574:
5566:
5562:
5558:
5552:
5520:(1): 59–65.
5517:
5513:
5503:
5460:
5456:
5446:
5413:
5409:
5399:
5372:
5368:
5358:
5349:
5312:
5309:BMC Genomics
5308:
5298:
5263:
5259:
5250:
5246:
5238:
5203:
5199:
5154:(1): 27–29.
5151:
5147:
5137:
5128:
5118:
5077:
5073:
5067:
5040:
5036:
5026:
5001:
4997:
4987:
4973:cite journal
4956:
4952:
4942:
4915:
4909:
4882:
4878:
4848:
4844:
4838:
4813:
4809:
4759:
4755:
4745:
4720:
4716:
4710:
4673:
4669:
4659:
4624:
4620:
4564:
4560:
4550:
4513:
4510:PLOS Biology
4509:
4499:
4464:
4460:
4454:
4446:
4411:
4407:
4355:
4351:
4341:
4306:
4302:
4292:
4249:
4245:
4234:
4199:
4195:
4185:
4150:
4146:
4136:
4101:
4097:
4087:
4052:
4048:
4038:
4001:
3997:
3987:
3942:
3938:
3928:
3893:
3889:
3879:
3842:
3838:
3828:
3793:
3789:
3779:
3742:
3738:
3699:(1): 18–30.
3696:
3692:
3644:
3640:
3584:
3580:
3522:
3518:
3468:
3464:
3457:
3430:
3426:
3416:
3389:
3385:
3375:
3351:(1): 62–68.
3348:
3344:
3334:
3322:. Retrieved
3318:
3308:
3283:
3279:
3233:
3230:Microbiology
3229:
3219:
3202:
3198:
3195:Malus pumila
3194:
3150:
3146:
3121:
3117:
3111:
3092:
3088:
3046:
3042:
3036:
3013:. Retrieved
3009:
3003:
2929:
2912:
2891:
2888:cabbage tree
2840:A flower of
2810:Phyllody of
2794:
2762:
2690:Symptoms of
2673:
2654:Symptoms of
2604:
2576:JWB; JWB-Ky
2564:
2558:16SrXXXVI-A
2547:P. wodyetiae
2543:
2523:
2511:Elm yellows
2502:
2482:
2461:
2442:
2425:P. tamaricis
2421:
2400:
2379:
2358:
2337:
2325:Rubus stunt
2316:
2295:
2274:
2253:
2230:
2211:
2190:
2169:
2150:
2133:P. palmicola
2129:
2109:
2088:
2067:
2047:
2026:
2005:
1999:16SrXXXII-A
1996:MaPV; MaPVR
1984:
1963:
1954:LfWB; LfWBR
1942:
1925:P. japonicum
1921:
1906:P. hispanola
1902:
1881:
1860:
1848:Ash yellows
1839:
1822:P. fragariae
1818:
1799:
1779:
1758:
1737:
1716:
1697:
1679:
1659:
1651:
1630:
1613:P. castaneae
1609:
1588:
1567:
1548:
1531:P. balanitae
1528:
1524:P. balanitis
1520:
1499:
1479:
1471:
1451:
1443:
1422:
1416:16SrXVIII-A
1401:
1380:
1361:
1352:Type strain
1338:
1247:
1234:
1213:
1192:
1150:
1137:
1116:
1089:" {16SrIII}
1084:
1046:
1033:
998:
947:
930:
900:
887:
859:
830:
821:
811:
771:
743:
731:triplet code
713:
703:
688:
682:
671:
663:
659:
655:
645:
629:
625:Plantibodies
623:
613:
610:
598:
579:
556:
552:tetracycline
544:
524:
508:
506:
487:
475:Cicadellidae
465:
457:Transmission
450:
438:
430:
421:
406:
401:
395:
388:
372:
348:
340:carbohydrate
337:
323:cells), and
298:
270:
246:
202:
182:pleiomorphic
173:
166:
148:Phytoplasmas
147:
146:
133:
132:
55:
35:
29:
18:Phytoplasmas
8009:iNaturalist
7968:Wikispecies
7944:Phytoplasma
7919:Wikispecies
7914:(2001–2012)
7695:Nitrospiria
7685:Nitrospinia
7663:Myxococcota
7628:Lernaellota
7567:Oligoflexia
7325:Heilongiota
7174:Bacteroidia
7117:"Brocadiia"
7101:Chlamydiota
7032:Spirochaeto
7017:Sumerlaeota
6867:Aerophobota
6701:Thermocalda
6691:Synergistia
6521:"Moorellia"
6443:Clostridiia
6289:Deinococcia
6056:Prokaryotes
5862:in India".
5762:22 November
3862:11336/29605
3286:: 221–255.
3197:) leaves".
3015:21 November
2955:Elm yellows
2842:China Aster
2828:Phytoplasma
2603:vine with "
2465:P. trifolii
2446:P. taraxaca
2412:VPRI 43683
2341:P. sacchari
2257:P. prunorum
2154:P. persicae
2144:16SrXXII-A
2082:16SrXXIX-A
2071:P. omanense
2041:16SrXIII-G
1957:16SrVIII-A
1896:16SrXIII-A
1864:P. graminis
1783:P. dypsidis
1752:16SrXXXI-A
1603:16SrXVII-A
1552:P. bonamiae
1365:P. aculeata
1153:P. sacchari
792:prokaryotes
746:transposons
690:Clostridium
548:antibiotics
451:Arabidopsis
427:leafhoppers
422:Arabidopsis
390:Arabidopsis
363:poinsettias
344:chlorophyll
285:prokaryotes
233:leafhoppers
229:subtropical
186:filamentous
136:Phytoplasma
36:Phytoplasma
8063:Mollicutes
8057:Categories
7776:Holophagia
7675:Polyangiia
7668:Myxococcia
7447:Aquificota
7428:Aquificida
7179:Chlorobiia
7106:Chlamydiia
7047:"Babeliae"
6409:Firmicutes
6343:"Xenobiia"
5870:(7): 990.
5315:(1): 306.
4723:: 91–111.
3124:: 180–183.
3004:Candidatus
2986:References
2890:killed by
2605:Candidatus
2568:P. ziziphi
2486:P. tritici
2436:16SrXXX-A
2383:P. spartii
2373:16SrXII-A
2307:BAWB; BWB
2205:16SrXXI-A
1936:16SrXII-D
1893:MPV; MPVR
1875:16SrXVI-A
1854:16SrVII-A
1843:P. fraxini
1833:16SrXII-E
1773:16SrXIV-A
1731:16SrXII-H
1728:BY-S57/11
1624:16SrXIX-A
1592:P. caricae
1514:16SrXII-B
1434:MIAY; OAY
1426:P. asteris
1339:Candidatus
784:Candidatus
739:stop codon
727:Mollicutes
668:GC content
656:Candidatus
601:repetition
586:bioimaging
479:Fulgoridae
325:fasciation
317:virescence
273:Mollicutes
267:Morphology
217:sandalwood
168:mycoplasma
134:Candidatus
103:Mollicutes
7580:"Binatia"
7451:Aquificia
7159:FCB group
7091:PVC group
6569:CPR group
6425:Bacillota
6149:Amoebozoa
6127:Alveolata
6115:Cryptista
6090:Eukaryota
5607:0020-7713
5477:1092-2172
5430:1345-2630
5018:0032-0862
4851:: 15–22.
2936:virescent
2812:goldenrod
2608:bois noir
2476:16SrVI-A
2362:P. solani
2352:16SrXI-B
2310:16SrXX-A
2299:P. rhamni
2246:16SrIII-A
2184:16SrIX-B
2123:16SrIV-D
2113:P. palmae
2103:16SrXI-A
2092:P. oryzae
2038:ChTY-Mo3
2030:P. meliae
1946:P. luffae
1793:16SrIV-?
1749:SoyST1c1
1673:16SrII-B
1645:16SrXI-E
1634:P. cirsii
1582:16SrXV-A
1493:16SrII-D
1465:16SrVI-I
1210:16SrVIII
950:P. solani
877:16SrXIII
774:monotypic
758:stem-loop
706:metabolic
679:kilobases
648:sequenced
498:hemolymph
494:intestine
483:Psyllidae
418:jasmonate
289:cytoplasm
237:replicate
213:sugarcane
205:pathogens
188:shape, a
178:cell wall
154:of plant
7953:Wikidata
7908:Source:
7575:Binatota
7042:Babelota
6851:BV2, BV4
6431:Bacillia
6144:Amorphea
6122:Rhizaria
6110:Hacrobia
6100:Excavata
6085:Bacteria
6060:Bacteria
6018:18944842
5936:Archived
5924:Archived
5884:30708921
5738:32701423
5689:17684271
5544:12057877
5536:16436062
5438:46180540
5391:18944709
5341:18582369
5290:18359806
5230:16672622
5170:14661021
5110:46249624
5059:18944841
4901:15553243
4830:16226054
4788:16537517
4737:16332205
4702:27446117
4651:21849514
4599:26179462
4542:24714165
4491:26103992
4438:24597566
4382:21849514
4333:28132837
4284:21798943
4226:30165491
4177:30047227
4128:27279277
4079:27037957
4030:22065743
3979:22615404
3920:22718775
3871:25053833
3820:24552625
3771:22065743
3715:19061399
3671:23784461
3619:25492247
3587:: 7399.
3559:19329488
3493:11228113
3449:18943864
3408:21605209
3367:16404954
3300:11018129
3252:10463160
3177:18705857
3065:15280299
3002:"Genus "
2944:See also
2848:symptoms
2846:phyllody
2844:showing
2758:Phyllody
2660:marigold
2579:16SrV-B
2537:16SrV-?
2527:P. vitis
2517:16SrV-A
2496:16SrI-C
2455:16SrIII
2394:16SrX-D
2367:Stolbur
2331:16SrV-E
2289:16SrX-C
2268:16SrX-B
2265:ESFY-G1
2234:P. pruni
2163:16SrXII
2020:16SrX-A
1978:16SrI-Y
1790:RID7692
1770:BGWL-C1
1655:P. citri
1579:HibWB26
1542:16SrV-F
1437:16SrI-B
1087:P. pruni
920:16SrXII
788:bacteria
768:Taxonomy
699:plasmids
697:such as
684:Bacillus
642:Genetics
550:such as
515:grafting
472:families
447:MADS-box
305:phyllody
295:Symptoms
277:membrane
249:mulberry
225:tropical
221:cannabis
190:diameter
174:in vitro
119:Family:
89:Phylum:
83:Bacteria
79:Domain:
52:Phyllody
8001:3226099
7959:Q132782
7703:SAR324
6959:Clade 2
6859:Clade 1
6578:Elulota
6159:Animals
6080:Archaea
5729:7723251
5615:7857801
5495:9841667
5332:2459194
5281:2395047
5221:1482866
5102:5663807
5082:Bibcode
5074:Science
4779:1449679
4693:4917533
4676:: 885.
4642:3192582
4590:4623417
4569:Bibcode
4533:3979655
4482:4528741
4429:4282529
4373:3192582
4324:5314207
4275:3170753
4254:Bibcode
4246:Science
4217:6255702
4168:6638060
4119:5301940
4070:6638208
4021:3228479
3970:3386116
3947:Bibcode
3911:3425195
3811:4235307
3762:3228479
3662:3729778
3610:4261181
3589:Bibcode
3550:2669400
3527:Bibcode
3485:9035146
3168:6640453
2826:Soybean
2709:Brinjal
2642:disease
2586:Gallery
2506:P. ulmi
2320:P. rubi
2278:P. pyri
2194:P. pini
2100:RYD-Th
2009:P. mali
1913:16SrIV
1708:16SrIV
1374:16SrIV
1127:16SrXI
1113:16SrIX
1023:16SrII
818:Species
723:operons
607:Control
575:species
571:strains
535:solutes
510:Cuscuta
470:of the
468:insects
402:in vivo
329:sterile
313:flowers
301:symptom
281:protein
257:viruses
243:History
209:coconut
163:vectors
129:Genus:
109:Order:
99:Class:
8040:820498
8014:479641
7988:1PHYPG
7868:others
7742:others
6417:Low GC
6197:others
6137:Plants
6074:Domain
6016:
5882:
5843:10 May
5816:10 May
5789:10 May
5758:. 2020
5736:
5726:
5687:
5613:
5605:
5565:April
5542:
5534:
5493:
5483:
5475:
5436:
5428:
5389:
5339:
5329:
5288:
5278:
5228:
5218:
5178:572757
5176:
5168:
5108:
5100:
5057:
5016:
4930:
4899:
4828:
4786:
4776:
4735:
4700:
4690:
4649:
4639:
4597:
4587:
4540:
4530:
4489:
4479:
4436:
4426:
4380:
4370:
4331:
4321:
4282:
4272:
4224:
4214:
4175:
4165:
4126:
4116:
4077:
4067:
4028:
4018:
3977:
3967:
3918:
3908:
3869:
3818:
3808:
3769:
3759:
3713:
3669:
3659:
3617:
3607:
3557:
3547:
3491:
3483:
3447:
3406:
3365:
3324:20 May
3298:
3250:
3175:
3165:
3063:
2938:petals
2909:bamboo
2763:Cosmos
2493:WBD R
2391:SpaWB
1872:SCYLP
1642:CirYS
1392:AlloY
1224:16SrV
729:, the
590:titers
490:stylet
385:onions
380:C0H5W6
219:, and
198:genome
160:insect
156:phloem
8027:33926
6164:Fungi
5540:S2CID
5486:98941
5434:S2CID
5256:(PDF)
5174:S2CID
5106:S2CID
3489:S2CID
2934:with
2601:grape
2534:none
2349:SCGS
2222:none
2079:IM-1
2017:AP15
1933:none
1810:none
1670:WBDL
1621:CnWB
1559:none
1539:none
1511:none
1490:PpYC
1151:"Ca.
1085:"Ca.
948:"Ca.
931:"Ca.
804:RFLPs
777:order
559:ELISA
440:PHYL1
351:bushy
321:petal
253:Japan
8022:NCBI
7996:GBIF
7983:EPPO
6595:ABY1
6014:PMID
5915:2007
5880:PMID
5845:2023
5818:2023
5791:2023
5764:2021
5734:PMID
5685:PMID
5611:PMID
5603:ISSN
5567:1993
5532:PMID
5491:PMID
5473:ISSN
5426:ISSN
5387:PMID
5337:PMID
5286:PMID
5226:PMID
5166:PMID
5098:PMID
5055:PMID
5014:ISSN
4979:link
4928:ISBN
4897:PMID
4826:PMID
4784:PMID
4733:PMID
4698:PMID
4647:PMID
4595:PMID
4538:PMID
4487:PMID
4434:PMID
4378:PMID
4329:PMID
4280:PMID
4222:PMID
4173:PMID
4124:PMID
4075:PMID
4026:PMID
3975:PMID
3916:PMID
3867:PMID
3816:PMID
3767:PMID
3711:PMID
3667:PMID
3615:PMID
3555:PMID
3481:PMID
3445:PMID
3404:PMID
3363:PMID
3326:2023
3296:PMID
3248:PMID
3173:PMID
3061:PMID
3017:2021
2765:spp.
2514:EY1
2328:RuS
2286:PD1
1975:THP
1600:PAY
748:and
720:rRNA
633:are
584:and
573:and
442:PnWB
353:or "
309:leaf
227:and
180:, a
150:are
7420:BV2
6413:BV3
6004:doi
5872:doi
5724:PMC
5716:doi
5675:doi
5642:doi
5593:doi
5522:doi
5518:255
5481:PMC
5465:doi
5418:doi
5377:doi
5327:PMC
5317:doi
5276:PMC
5268:doi
5264:190
5251:Ca.
5247:Ca.
5216:PMC
5208:doi
5204:188
5156:doi
5090:doi
5078:161
5045:doi
5006:doi
4961:doi
4920:doi
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