442:. Phyllogens interact directly with class A and class E MTFs, inducing protein degradation in a ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent manner that, at least for SAP54, is dependent on interactions with the proteasome shuttle factor RAD23. Interestingly, RAD23 mutants do not show phyllody when infected with phytoplasma indicating that RAD23 proteins are susceptibility factors; i.e. phytoplasmas and SAP54 require these plant proteins to induce phyllody symptoms. The accumulation of mRNAs encoding class B MTFs, the transcription of which is positively regulated by class A and class E MTFs, is drastically decreased in Arabidopsis constitutively expressing PHYL1. Phyllogens induce abnormal floral organ development by inhibiting the functions of these MTFs. RAD23 proteins are also required for promoting leafhopper vector egg laying on plants that express SAP54 and are infected with AY-WB phytoplasma.
2723:
474:(jumping plant lice), which feed on the phloem of infected plants, ingesting phytoplasmas and transmitting them to the next plant on which they feed. Thus, the host range of phytoplasmas is strongly dependent upon that of the insect vector. Phytoplasmas contain a major antigenic protein constituting most of the cell surface protein. This protein associates with insect microfilament complexes and is believed to control insect-phytoplasma interactions. Phytoplasmas can overwinter in insect vectors or perennial plants. Phytoplasmas can have varying effects on their insect hosts; examples of both reduced and increased fitness have been noted.
2913:
33:
2762:
2824:
425:
jasmonate production, SAP11 encourages leafhoppers to lay more eggs on phytoplasma-infected plants, thereby ensuring that newly hatched leafhopper nymphs feed upon infected plants to become phytoplasma vectors. SAP11 effectors are identified in a number of divergent phytoplasmas and these effectors also interact with TCPs and modulate plant defenses. SAP11 is the first phytoplasma virulence protein for which plant targets and effector functions were identified. TCPs were found to be targeted by a number of other pathogen effectors.
2583:
2692:
2606:
2777:
2844:
5945:
2858:
2622:
2741:
2891:
2638:
60:
2674:
2794:
2870:
2809:
2657:
2707:
248:, which, like phytoplasmas, require insect vectors and cannot be cultured. Viral and phytoplasmic infections share some symptoms. In 1967, phytoplasmas were discovered in ultrathin sections of plant phloem tissue and were termed mycoplasma-like organisms due to their physiological resemblance. The organisms were renamed phytoplasmas in 1994 at the 10th Congress of the
424:
laid 30% more eggs on plants expressing SAP11 transgenically than control plants and 60% more eggs on plants infected with AY-WB. Phytoplasmas cannot survive in the external environment and are dependent upon insects such as leafhoppers for transmission to new (healthy) plants. Thus, by compromising
4228:
Mukhtar, MS; Carvunis, AR; Dreze, M; Epple, P; Steinbrenner, J; Moore, J; Tasan, M; Galli, M; Hao, T; Nishimura, MT; Pevzner, SJ; Donovan, SE; Ghamsari, L; Santhanam, B; Romero, V; Poulin, MM; Gebreab, F; Gutierrez, BJ; Tam, S; Monachello, D; Boxem, M; Harbort, CJ; McDonald, N; Gai, L; Chen, H; He,
534:
Before the molecular era, the diagnosis of diseases caused by phytoplasma was difficult because the organisms could not be cultured. Thus, classical diagnostic techniques, including symptom observation, were used. Ultrathin sections of phloem tissue from plants with suspected phytoplasma-infections
400:
phytoplasma strain (AY-WB); these were named secreted AY-WB proteins (SAPs) and considered effectors. Also in 2009, effector SAP11 was shown to target plant cell nuclei and unload from phloem cells in AY-WB-infected plants. SAP11 was later found to induce changes in leaf shapes of plants and stem
382:
plants induced sterility in male and female flowers. TENGU contains a signal peptide at its N-terminus. After cleavage, the mature protein is only 38 amino acids long. Although phytoplasmas are restricted to the phloem, TENGU is transported from the phloem to other cells, including those of the
393:, suggesting that the N-terminal peptide alone induces the observed symptoms. TENGU homologs have been identified in AY-group phytoplasmas. All such homologs undergo processing and can induce symptoms, suggesting that the symptom-inducing mechanism is conserved among TENGU homologs.
493:. The entire process can take up to 3 weeks. Once established in an insect host, phytoplasmas are found in most major organs. The time between ingestion by the insect and attainment of an infectious titer in the salivary glands is termed the latency period.
771:. In 1992, the Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Mollicutes proposed the use of "'Phytoplasma' rather than 'mycoplasma-like organisms' for reference to the phytopathogenic mollicutes". In 2004, the generic name Phytoplasma was adopted and is currently of
799:. The actual number of taxonomic groups remains unclear; recent work on computer-simulated restriction digests of the 16Sr gene suggested up to 28 groups, whereas others have proposed fewer groups with more subgroups. Each group includes at least one
383:
apical and axillary meristems. TENGU was suggested to inhibit both auxin- and jasmonic acid-related pathways, thereby affecting plant development. Surprisingly, the N-terminal 11 amino acid region of the mature protein triggers symptom development in
428:
The AY-WB phytoplasma effector SAP54 was shown to induce virescence and phyllody when expressed in plants, and homologs of this effector were found in at least three other phytoplasmas. Two SAP54 homologs, PHYL1 of the onion yellows phytoplasma and
5619:"Taxonomic groupings based on the analysis on the 16s/23s spacer regions which shows greater variation than the normally used 16srRNA gene results in classification similar to that derived from 16s rRNA data but with more detailed subdivisions"
433:
of the peanut witches' broom phytoplasma, also induce phyllody-like floral abnormalities. These results suggest that PHYL1, SAP54, and their homologs form a phyllody-inducing gene family, the members of which are termed phyllogens.
413:
plants and plants that transgenically express the AY-WB SAP11 effector. The downregulation of jasmonate production is beneficial to phytoplasmas because jasmonate is involved in plant defenses against herbivorous insects such as
212:, as well as horticultural crops like sweet cherry, peaches, and nectarines. They cause a wide variety of symptoms ranging from mild yellowing, small fruit, and reduced sugar content to death. Phytoplasmas are most prevalent in
811:
As of
November 2021, the following names and type strains are from LPSN,, the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature. The associated diseases and 16Sr group-subgroup classifications are from various sources.
626:
to phytoplasmas. However, disease symptoms reappear in the absence of continuous antibiotic application. Thus, tetracycline is not a viable agricultural control agent, but it is used to protect ornamental coconut trees.
3451:
Lee, Ing-Ming; Klopmeyer, Michael; Bartoszyk, Irena M.; Gundersen-Rindal, Dawn E.; Chou, Tau-San; Thomson, Karen L.; Eisenreich, Robert (1997). "Phytoplasma induced free-branching in commercial poinsettia cultivars".
670:(kb), one of the smallest known genomes of all living organisms. The larger phytoplasma genomes are around 1350 kb in size. The small genome size of phytoplasma is attributable to reductive evolution from
3564:
Minato, Nami; Himeno, Misako; Hoshi, Ayaka; Maejima, Kensaku; Komatsu, Ken; Takebayashi, Yumiko; Kasahara, Hiroyuki; Yusa, Akira; Yamaji, Yasuyuki; Oshima, Kenro; Kamiya, Yuji; Namba, Shigetou (2014).
2722:
366:, or effectors, that modulate or interfere with normal host processes to the benefit of the pathogens. The first phytoplasmal virulence factor, a secreted protein termed “tengu-su inducer” (TENGU;
3182:
Bertamini, M; Grando, M. S.; Muthuchelian, K; Nedunchezhian, N (2004). "Effect of phytoplasmal infection on photosystem II efficiency and thylakoid membrane protein changes in field grown apple (
272:
of unknown function that constitutes most of the protein in the membrane. A typical phytoplasma is pleiomorphic or filamentous in shape and is less than 1 ÎĽm in diameter. Like other
3371:"Unique morphological changes in plant pathogenic phytoplasma-infected petunia flowers are related to transcriptional regulation of floral homeotic genes in an organ-specific manner"
3074:"Mycoplasma- or PLT Group-like Microorganisms Found in the Phloem Elements of Plants Infected with Mulberry Dwarf, Potato Witches' Broom, Aster Yellows, or Paulownia Witches' Broom"
4967:
3502:
Hoshi, Ayaka; Oshima, Kenro; Kakizawa, Shigeyuki; Ishii, Yoshiko; Ozeki, Johji; Hashimoto, Masayoshi; Komatsu, Ken; Kagiwada, Satoshi; Yamaji, Yasuyuki; Namba, Shigetou (2009).
401:
proliferations which resembled the witches' broom symptoms of AY-WB-infected plants. In addition, it was demonstrated that SAP11 interacts with and destabilizes plant class II
2912:
3369:
Himeno, Misako; Neriya, Yutaro; Minato, Nami; Miura, Chihiro; Sugawara, Kyoko; Ishii, Yoshiko; Yamaji, Yasuyuki; Kakizawa, Shigeyuki; Oshima, Kenro; Namba, Shigetou (2011).
350:, but infection can trigger the proliferation of axillary (side) shoots and a reduction in internode size. Such symptoms are actually useful in the commercial production of
2582:
6035:
2776:
5847:
Yadav, A.; Bhale, U.; Thorat, V.; Shouche, Y. (2014). "First Report of new subgroup 16SrII- M 'Candidatus
Phytoplasma aurantifolia' associated with witches' broom on
2605:
8056:
3873:
Danisman, S; van der Wal, F; Dhondt, S; Waites, R; de Folter, S; Bimbo, A; van Dijk, AD; Muino, JM; Cutri, L; Dornelas, MC; Angenent, GC; Immink, RG (August 2012).
3215:"Isolation of the gene encoding an immunodominant membrane protein of the apple proliferation phytoplasma, and expression and characterization of the gene product"
335:
biosynthesis, and trigger chlorophyll breakdown. These symptoms may be attributable to stress caused by the infection rather than a specific pathogenetic process.
4604:
MacLean, Allyson M.; Sugio, Akiko; Makarova, Olga V.; Findlay, Kim C.; Grieve, Victoria M.; TĂłth, RĂ©ka; Nicolaisen, Mogens; Hogenhout, Saskia A. (October 2011).
8010:
249:
7899:
7408:
6839:
6401:
6177:
2823:
4493:
MacLean, Allyson M.; Orlovskis, Zigmunds; Kowitwanich, Krissana; Zdziarska, Anna M.; Angenent, Gerco C.; Immink, Richard G. H.; Hogenhout, Saskia A. (2014).
682:
ancestors. Phytoplasmas have lost ≥75% of their original genes, and can thus no longer survive outside of insects or plant phloem. Some phytoplasmas contain
327:
A phytoplasma infection often triggers leaf yellowing, probably due to the presence of phytoplasma cells in the phloem, which can affect phloem function and
165:
culture in any cell-free medium; routine cultivation in an artificial medium thus remains a major challenge. Phytoplasmas are characterized by the lack of a
4544:
Maejima, Kensaku; Kitazawa, Yugo; Tomomitsu, Tatsuya; Yusa, Akira; Neriya, Yutaro; Himeno, Misako; Yamaji, Yasuyuki; Oshima, Kenro; Namba, Shigetou (2015).
2761:
4229:
Y; European Union
Effectoromics, Consortium.; Vandenhaute, J; Roth, FP; Hill, DE; Ecker, JR; Vidal, M; Beynon, J; Braun, P; Dangl, JL (29 July 2011).
7984:
4288:"Pseudomonas syringae Type III Effector HopBB1 Promotes Host Transcriptional Repressor Degradation to Regulate Phytohormone Responses and Virulence"
792:
585:(LAMP) is now available as a commercial kit, allowing all known phytoplasma species to be detected in about 1 h, including the DNA extraction step.
555:
4495:"Phytoplasma Effector SAP54 Hijacks Plant Reproduction by Degrading MADS-box Proteins and Promotes Insect Colonization in a RAD23-Dependent Manner"
405:
transcription factors that lead to shoot proliferation and leaf shape changes. TCPs also control the expression of lipoxygenase genes required for
2740:
659:(sometimes as little as 23%, which is thought to be the lower threshold for a viable genome). In fact, the Bermuda grass white-leaf phytoplasma ("
3775:"The small phytoplasma virulence effector SAP11 contains distinct domains required for nuclear targeting and CIN-TCP binding and destabilization"
2857:
4440:
Yang, Chiao-Yin; Huang, Yu-Hsin; Lin, Chan-Pin; Lin, Yen-Yu; Hsu, Hao-Chun; Wang, Chun-Neng; Liu, Li-Yu; Shen, Bing-Nan; Lin, Shih-Shun (2015).
4081:
Tan, CM; Li, CH; Tsao, NW; Su, LW; Lu, YT; Chang, SH; Lin, YY; Liou, JC; Hsieh, LC; Yu, JZ; Sheue, CR; Wang, SY; Lee, CF; Yang, JY (July 2016).
2890:
418:. Leafhoppers lay increased numbers of eggs on AY-WB-infected plants, at least in part because of SAP11 production. For example, the leafhopper
582:
6028:
4920:
693:
Despite their small genomes, many predicted phytoplasma genes are present in multiple copies. Phytoplasmas lack many genes encoding standard
4286:
Yang, L; Teixeira, PJ; Biswas, S; Finkel, OM; He, Y; Salas-Gonzalez, I; English, ME; Epple, P; Mieczkowski, P; Dangl, JL (8 February 2017).
3330:"Tomato Flower Abnormalities Induced by Stolbur Phytoplasma Infection Are Associated with Changes of Expression of Floral Development Genes"
2621:
600:
Phytoplasmas are normally controlled by the breeding and planting of disease-resistant crop varieties and by the control of insect vectors.
3983:"Phytoplasma protein effector SAP11 enhances insect vector reproduction by manipulating plant development and defense hormone biosynthesis"
3724:"Phytoplasma protein effector SAP11 enhances insect vector reproduction by manipulating plant development and defense hormone biosynthesis"
2691:
5395:"Complete set of extrachromosomal DNAs from three pathogenic lines of onion yellows phytoplasma and use of PCR to differentiate each line"
5793:
2953:
570:
3924:"Empoasca leafhoppers attack wild tobacco plants in a jasmonate-dependent manner and identify jasmonate mutants in natural populations"
546:
Molecular diagnostic techniques for phytoplasma detection began to emerge in the 1980s and included enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (
2869:
2843:
4903:
Chen, TA; Lei, JD; Lin, CP (1989). "Detection and identification of plant and insect mollicutes". In
Whitcomb, RF; Tully, JG (eds.).
5924:
4391:
Maejima, K; Iwai R; Himeno M; Komatsu K; Kitazawa Y; Fujita N; Ishikawa K; Fukuoka M; Minato N; Yamaji Y; Oshima K; Namba S (2014).
3875:"Arabidopsis class I and class II TCP transcription factors regulate jasmonic acid metabolism and leaf development antagonistically"
2673:
154:
that are involved in their plant-to-plant transmission. Phytoplasmas were discovered in 1967 by
Japanese scientists who termed them
4034:"An effector of apple proliferation phytoplasma targets TCP transcription factors-a generalized virulence strategy of phytoplasma?"
5967:
5933:
4832:
Carraro, L.; Loi, N.; Favali, M. A.; Favali, M. A. (1991). "Transmission characteristics of the clover phyllody agent by dodder".
2637:
6073:
6021:
2121:
3213:
Berg, Michael; Davies, David L.; Clark, Michael F.; Vetten, H. Joseph; Maie, Gernot; Marcone, Carmine; SeemĂĽller, Erich (1999).
324:
or in the development of floral organs is altered in the morphologically affected floral organs of phytoplasma-infected plants.
6068:
140:
4335:
MacLean, A. M.; Sugio, A.; Makarova, O. V.; Findlay, K. C.; Grieve, V. M.; Toth, R.; Nicolaisen, M.; Hogenhout, S. A. (2011).
3626:"The alteration of plant morphology by small peptides released from the proteolytic processing of the bacterial peptide TENGU"
5912:
4741:"Interactions between a membrane protein of a pathogen and insect microfilament complex determines insect vector specificity"
2849:
2329:
1141:
7907:
5113:
3303:
6152:
6142:
6125:
4393:"Recognition of floral homeotic MADS-domain transcription factors by a phytoplasmal effector, phyllogen, induces phyllody"
3676:
Bai, Xiaodong; Correa, Valdir R; Toruño, Tania Y; Ammar, El-Desouky; Kamoun, Sophien; Hogenhout, Saskia A (January 2009).
3566:"The phytoplasmal virulence factor TENGU causes plant sterility by downregulating of the jasmonic acid and auxin pathways"
4739:
Suzuki, S.; Oshima, K.; Kakizawa, S.; Arashida, R.; Jung, H.-Y.; Yamaji, Y.; Nishigawa, H.; Ugaki, M.; Namba, S. (2006).
5939:
5185:"Living with Genome Instability: the Adaptation of Phytoplasmas to Diverse Environments of Their Insect and Plant Hosts"
2958:
5183:
Bai, X; Zhang, J; Ewing, A; Miller, SA; Jancso Radek, A; Shevchenko, DV; Tsukerman, K; Walunas, T; et al. (2006).
4655:"A Bacterial Parasite Effector Mediates Insect Vector Attraction in Host Plants Independently of Developmental Changes"
2706:
796:
742:
354:. An infection triggers more axillary shoot production; the poinsettia plants thus produce more than a single flower.
170:
4797:
Christensen, N; Axelsen, K; Nicolaisen, M; Schulz, A (2005). "Phytoplasmas and their interactions with their hosts".
4446:
is required to repress flowering and is related to the development of abnormal flower symptoms by the PHYL1 effector"
59:
4982:
606:
can be used to produce healthy clones of phytoplasma-infected plants. Cryotherapy, the freezing of plant samples in
7962:
4083:"Phytoplasma SAP11 alters 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine biosynthesis in Nicotiana benthamiana by suppressing NbOMT1"
1435:
420:
8015:
4132:"Phytoplasma effector SWP1 induces witches' broom symptom by destabilizing the TCP transcription factor BRANCHED1"
2793:
1463:
376:. TENGU induces characteristic symptoms, including witches' broom and dwarfism. Transgenic expression of TENGU in
6557:
551:
5022:"Expression of engineered antibodies in plants: A possible tool for spiroplasma and phytoplasma disease control"
3504:"A unique virulence factor for proliferation and dwarfism in plants identified from a phytopathogenic bacterium"
1689:
1372:
268:
rather than a cell wall. The phytoplasma cell membranes studied to date usually contain a single immunodominant
32:
8061:
5825:
5798:
5771:
5131:
Oshima, K; Kakizawa, S; Nishigawa, H; Jung, HY; Wei, W; Suzuki, S; Arashida, R; Nakata, D; et al. (2004).
4546:"Degradation of class E MADS-domain transcription factors in Arabidopsis by a phytoplasmal effector, phyllogen"
2963:
2881:
2728:
2039:
1671:
1491:
921:
698:
7424:
2808:
2656:
2392:
1729:
5888:
2203:
1976:
1955:
1559:
7876:
7720:
7516:
6157:
5570:"Taxonomic Note: Implementation of the Provisional Status Candidatus for Incompletely Described Procaryotes"
4983:"Efficient elimination of sweetpotato little leaf phytoplasma from sweetpotato by cryotherapy of shoot tips"
2968:
2161:
1873:
1791:
1750:
1708:
1393:
663:
588:
Although phytoplasmas have recently been reported to be grown in a specific artificial medium, experimental
6788:
5061:
Davies, R. E.; Whitcomb, R. F.; Steere, R. L. (1968). "Remission of aster yellows disease by antibiotics".
2535:
2413:
1913:
1894:
1810:
1601:
1512:
7924:
7701:
6908:
6888:
6372:
5292:
Kube, M; Schneider, B; Kuhl, H; Dandekar, T; Heitmann, K; Migdoll, AM; Reinhardt, R; SeemĂĽller, E (2008).
2902:
2453:
2434:
2245:
2142:
2059:
1852:
1771:
1540:
1353:
482:
317:
7340:
7241:
2556:
2474:
2371:
1580:
1414:
803:
Phytoplasma species, characterized by distinctive biological, phytopathological, and genetic properties.
7234:
7215:
7042:
6962:
6741:
6120:
4961:
4179:
Chang, SH; Tan, CM; Wu, CT; Lin, TH; Jiang, SY; Liu, RC; Tsai, MC; Su, LW; Yang, JY (26 November 2018).
2919:
2287:
2101:
2080:
2018:
1934:
1622:
750:
385:
151:
7802:
7628:
7604:
7575:
7462:
7386:
7270:
7248:
6489:
1643:
783:
are not available. Phytoplasma taxonomic groups are based on differences in fragment sizes produced by
7508:
7352:
6974:
6937:
6915:
6824:
6812:
2494:
2308:
2266:
2182:
1997:
316:(abnormal change in the apical meristem structure). Phytoplasma-harboring flowering plants may become
288:
Phytoplasmas can infect and cause various symptoms in more than 700 plant species. One characteristic
7771:
7708:
7590:
7484:
6800:
6729:
6706:
6323:
6286:
6234:
5070:
4606:"Phytoplasma effector SAP54 induces indeterminate leaf-like flower development in Arabidopsis plants"
4557:
4337:"Phytoplasma effector SAP54 induces indeterminate leaf-like flower development in Arabidopsis plants"
4242:
3935:
3624:
Sugawara, Kyoko; Honma, Youhei; Komatsu, Ken; Himeno, Misako; Oshima, Kenro; Namba, Shigetou (2013).
3577:
3515:
3130:; Oshima, Kenro; Ammar, El-Desouky; Kakizawa, Shigeyuki; Kingdom, Heather N; Namba, Shigetou (2008).
2612:
734:
683:
623:
225:
7374:
7203:
6993:
6955:
5499:"Clusters of diverse genes existing as multiple, sequence variable mosaics in a phytoplasma genomes"
4936:
Contaldo, Nicoletta; Bertaccini, Assunta; Paltrinieri, Samanta; Windsor, Helena; Windsor, G (2012).
3412:"Changes in carbohydrate metabolism in coconut palms infected with the lethal yellowing phytoplasma"
8051:
7883:
7777:
7532:
7325:
7255:
6867:
6711:
5133:"Reductive evolution suggested from the complete genome sequence of a plant-pathogenic phytoplasma"
2876:
2784:
1831:
471:
220:
regions. They are transmitted from plant to plant by vectors (normally sap-sucking insects such as
7864:
7790:
7222:
5652:"Computer-simulated RFLP analysis of 16S rRNA genes: identification of ten new phytoplasma groups"
4181:"Alterations of plant architecture and phase transition by the phytoplasma virulence factor SAP11"
438:
transcription factors (MTFs) of the ABCE model play critical roles in floral organ development in
7826:
7616:
7313:
7005:
6855:
6137:
6115:
6103:
6078:
5528:
5422:
5162:
5094:
3477:
2663:
2596:
2350:
938:
784:
738:
519:
402:
111:
101:
54:
45:
5893:
4937:
610:, prior to tissue culture increases the probability of producing healthy plants in this manner.
236:
References to diseases now known to be caused by phytoplasmas can be found as far back as 1603 (
4231:"Independently evolved virulence effectors converge onto hubs in a plant immune system network"
779:
that cannot be cultured). As phytoplasma cannot be cultured, methods normally used to classify
8023:
7563:
7124:
7030:
6147:
6110:
6098:
6088:
6002:
5868:
5722:
5673:
5599:
5591:
5520:
5479:
5461:
5414:
5394:
5393:
Nishigawa, Hisashi; Oshima, Kenro; Miyata, Shin-ichi; Ugaki, Masashi; Namba, Shigetou (2003).
5375:
5325:
5274:
5214:
5154:
5086:
5043:
5002:
4916:
4885:
4814:
4772:
4721:
4686:
4635:
4583:
4526:
4475:
4422:
4366:
4317:
4268:
4210:
4161:
4112:
4063:
4014:
3963:
3904:
3855:
3804:
3755:
3699:
3655:
3603:
3543:
3469:
3433:
3392:
3351:
3284:
3236:
3161:
3049:
2948:
2732:
2515:
2222:
1075:
788:
768:
343:
6566:
5233:
4864:"Distribution of phytoplasmas in infected plants as revealed by real-time PCR and bioimaging"
3214:
8028:
7782:
7540:
7495:
7448:
7286:
6452:
6062:
5992:
5860:
5712:
5704:
5663:
5630:
5581:
5510:
5469:
5453:
5406:
5365:
5315:
5305:
5264:
5256:
5204:
5196:
5144:
5078:
5033:
4994:
4949:
4908:
4875:
4841:
4806:
4762:
4752:
4713:
4676:
4666:
4625:
4617:
4573:
4565:
4516:
4506:
4465:
4457:
4412:
4404:
4356:
4348:
4307:
4299:
4258:
4250:
4200:
4192:
4151:
4143:
4102:
4094:
4053:
4045:
4004:
3994:
3953:
3943:
3894:
3886:
3845:
3835:
3794:
3786:
3745:
3735:
3689:
3645:
3637:
3593:
3585:
3533:
3523:
3461:
3423:
3382:
3341:
3276:
3226:
3195:
3151:
3143:
3127:
3085:
3039:
3028:, a taxon for the wall-less, non-helical prokaryotes that colonize plant phloem and insects"
2938:
2628:
559:
478:
460:
363:
347:
7833:
7737:
7550:
7545:
7299:
7101:
7079:
6894:
6607:
6578:
6528:
6363:
6258:
6226:
5928:
5921:
5916:
4717:
765:
762:
607:
589:
526:, and for other reasons, passive translocation within plants is thought to be unimportant
5294:"The linear chromosome of the plant-pathogenic mycoplasma 'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali'"
5074:
4953:
4862:
Christensen, Nynne Meyn; Nicolaisen, Mogens; Hansen, Michael; Schulz, Alexander (2004).
4561:
4246:
3939:
3581:
3519:
3105:
Okuda, S (1972). "Occurrence of diseases caused by mycoplasma-like organisms in Japan".
7813:
7752:
7743:
7640:
7596:
7404:
7367:
7281:
7173:
7114:
6617:
6594:
6297:
6210:
6197:
6192:
6093:
6013:
5717:
5692:
5691:
Parte, A.C.; Sardà Carbasse, J.; Meier-Kolthoff, J.P.; Reimer, L.C.; Göker, M. (2020).
5320:
5293:
5269:
5209:
5184:
4912:
4845:
4767:
4740:
4681:
4654:
4630:
4605:
4578:
4545:
4521:
4494:
4470:
4441:
4417:
4392:
4361:
4336:
4312:
4287:
4263:
4230:
4205:
4180:
4156:
4131:
4107:
4082:
4058:
4033:
4009:
3982:
3958:
3923:
3922:
Kallenbach, M; Bonaventure, G; Gilardoni, PA; Wissgott, A; Baldwin, IT (12 June 2012).
3899:
3874:
3799:
3774:
3750:
3723:
3650:
3625:
3598:
3565:
3538:
3503:
3156:
3131:
2768:
2750:
636:
603:
490:
81:
5546:
4032:
Janik, K; Mithöfer, A; Raffeiner, M; Stellmach, H; Hause, B; Schlink, K (April 2017).
8045:
7819:
7473:
7192:
7132:
7109:
7048:
6835:
6718:
6696:
6665:
6639:
6540:
6354:
6245:
6221:
6202:
6173:
5972:
5635:
5618:
5515:
5498:
5474:
5457:
5441:
5200:
4998:
3822:
Schommer, C; Debernardi, JM; Bresso, EG; Rodriguez, RE; Palatnik, JF (October 2014).
3387:
3370:
3147:
2644:
640:
554:(PCR)-based techniques were developed. These are far more sensitive than ELISAs, and
397:
237:
174:
5532:
5426:
5354:"Chromosome Sizes of Phytoplasmas Composing Major Phylogenetic Groups and Subgroups"
5098:
3481:
3022:
The IRPCM Phytoplasma/Spiroplasma
Working Team - Phytoplasma taxonomy group (2004).
7679:
7669:
7393:
7185:
7157:
7066:
6986:
6922:
6777:
6752:
6675:
6271:
6253:
3410:
Muast, BE; Espadas, F; Talavera, C; Aguilar, M; SantamarĂa, JM; Oropeza, C (2003).
3280:
2830:
719:
619:
540:
328:
5997:
5980:
5909:
5693:"List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ"
5166:
5038:
5021:
4810:
4569:
3722:
Sugio, A; Kingdom, HN; MacLean, AM; Grieve, VM; Hogenhout, SA (29 November 2011).
5082:
4880:
4863:
4704:
Weintraub, Phyllis G.; Beanland, LeAnn (2006). "Insect vectors of phytoplasmas".
4511:
346:" appearance due to changes in their normal growth patterns. Most plants exhibit
7997:
7956:
7651:
7555:
7162:
7089:
5864:
5370:
5353:
3428:
3411:
3231:
2943:
2683:
678:
536:
378:
332:
245:
217:
4303:
3928:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
3728:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
3090:
3073:
7764:
7656:
7435:
7167:
7094:
6431:
6397:
6277:
6044:
5962:
5957:
5586:
5569:
5410:
2924:
780:
772:
727:
723:
715:
694:
656:
613:
574:
467:
463:
415:
351:
313:
305:
273:
261:
221:
205:
182:
156:
91:
7947:
5820:
5740:
5595:
5465:
5418:
5006:
7971:
7147:
6413:
5310:
4757:
4671:
4254:
3999:
3948:
3740:
3528:
2234:
746:
703:
486:
406:
277:
201:
166:
6006:
5872:
5726:
5708:
5677:
5524:
5379:
5329:
5278:
5218:
5158:
5047:
4889:
4818:
4776:
4725:
4690:
4639:
4587:
4530:
4479:
4426:
4370:
4321:
4272:
4214:
4165:
4116:
4067:
4018:
3967:
3908:
3859:
3808:
3759:
3703:
3694:
3677:
3659:
3607:
3547:
3437:
3396:
3355:
3288:
3240:
3199:
3165:
3053:
655:
Phytoplasma mali". Phytoplasmas have very small genomes with extremely low
558:(RFLP) analysis allowed the accurate identification of various phytoplasma
5668:
5651:
5603:
5483:
5090:
4621:
4352:
3890:
3641:
3473:
3044:
3023:
389:
plants. TENGU undergoes proteolytic processing by a plant serine protease
7941:
6132:
6048:
5766:
5342:
Dikinson, M. Molecular Plant
Pathology (2003) BIOS Scientific Publishers
4196:
4098:
3346:
3329:
2990:
2834:
2800:
2746:
2713:
2697:
776:
672:
667:
503:
435:
396:
In 2009, 56 genes for secreted proteins were identified in the genome of
368:
321:
293:
265:
213:
209:
193:
178:
71:
40:
5951:
5260:
4461:
3840:
3823:
3465:
3072:
Doi, Yoji; Teranaka, Michiaki; Yora, Kiyoshi; Asuyama, Hidefumi (1967).
7989:
6419:
5899:
5232:
Tran-Nguyen, LT; Kube, M; Schneider, B; Reinhardt, R; Gibb, KS (2008).
3850:
2814:
2648:
687:
563:
498:
308:(the development of green flowers attributable to a loss of pigment by
289:
269:
197:
8002:
4408:
4147:
4049:
3790:
3589:
5352:
Marcone, C; Neimark, H; Ragozzino, A; Lauer, U; SeemĂĽller, E (1999).
3678:"AY-WB phytoplasma secretes a protein that targets plant cell nuclei"
2897:
711:
523:
515:
456:
409:
biosynthesis. Jasmonate levels are decreased in phytoplasma-infected
301:
186:
148:
144:
7918:
3264:
745:
termed PhREPS, for which no role is known. It is theorized that the
161:. Since their discovery, phytoplasmas have resisted all attempts at
7976:
5617:
Hodgetts, J; Ball, T; Boonham, N; Mumford, R; Dickinson, M (2007).
5149:
5132:
3263:
Lee, Ing-Ming; Davis, Robert E.; Gundersen-Rindal, Dawn E. (2000).
569:
More recent techniques allow infection levels to be assessed. Both
3981:
Sugio, A; Kingdom HN; MacLean AM; Grieve VM; Hogenhout SA (2011).
3328:
Pracros, P; Renaudin J; Eveillard S; Mouras A; Hernould M (2006).
2589:
578:
547:
373:
372:), was identified in 2009 from a phytoplasma causing yellowing of
339:
309:
241:
5697:
International
Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
5656:
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
5548:
Minutes of the Interim Meetings, 1 and 2 August, 1992, Ames, Iowa
4130:
Wang, N; Yang, H; Yin, Z; Liu, W; Sun, L; Wu, Y (December 2018).
5238:
Phytoplasma australiense" (Subgroup tuf-Australia I; rp-A) and "
708:
297:
7922:
6017:
2680:
5968:
Current research on Phytoplasmas at the Norwich Research Park
5650:
Wei, Wei; Davis, Robert E.; Lee, Ing-Ming; Zhao, Yan (2007).
3122:
3120:
5922:
Phytoplasma Resource and phytoplasma classification database
5900:
First International Phytoplasmologist Working Group Meeting
3824:"Repression of cell proliferation by miR319-regulated TCP4"
3132:"Phytoplasmas: bacteria that manipulate plants and insects"
3308:
The University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture
244:). Such diseases were originally thought to be caused by
5940:
First Internet Conference of Phytopathogenic Mollicutes
5896:
A comprehensive database of phytoplasma diseased images
2999:
List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature
5952:
The Centre for Information on Coconut Lethal Yellowing
3304:"Plant of the Week: Fasciated Plants (Crested Plants)"
320:. The expression of genes involved in maintaining the
4857:
4855:
3177:
3175:
5942:
includes several interesting articles on this topic.
5558:, p. 394–397; Vol. 43, No. 2 (see minutes 10 and 25)
5442:"Molecular Biology and Pathogenicity of Mycoplasmas"
5440:
Razin, Shmuel; Yogev, David; Naot, Yehudith (1998).
2782:
Symptoms of sweet potato little leaf phytoplasma on
7931:
7856:
7730:
7531:
7416:
7403:
7146:
7078:
7020:
6947:
6847:
6834:
6770:
6689:
6658:
6651:
6556:
6396:
6344:
6185:
6172:
522:. However, as phytoplasmas spread more slowly than
5910:Photo gallery about plants infected of phytoplasma
4653:Orlovskis, Zigmunds; Hogenhout, Saskia A. (2016).
43:induced by phytoplasma infection on a coneflower (
4966:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
4938:"Axenic culture of plant pathogenic phytoplasmas"
3773:Sugio, A; MacLean, AM; Hogenhout, SA (May 2014).
3619:
3617:
2863:A palm tree dying of lethal yellowing phytoplasma
707:transport pathway. Many phytoplasmas contain two
616:targeting phytoplasmas have also been developed.
276:, phytoplasmic DNA is distributed throughout the
5574:International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology
4386:
4384:
4382:
4380:
3078:Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan
292:is abnormal floral organ development, including
4745:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
3987:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
3559:
3557:
3508:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
506:of infected plant tissue onto a healthy plant.
477:Phytoplasmas enter the insect body through the
3497:
3495:
3493:
3491:
196:of agriculturally important plants, including
6029:
4599:
4597:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3671:
3669:
733:Phytoplasma genomes contain large numbers of
496:Phytoplasmas can also be spread via dodders (
250:International Organization for Mycoplasmology
8:
5936:publishes an informative site on this topic.
5545:Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Mollicutes.
5242:Phytoplasma asteris" Strains OY-M and AY-WB"
3258:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3067:
3065:
3063:
280:instead of being concentrated in a nucleus.
5981:"Phytoplasma Identity and Disease Etiology"
5568:Murray, R. G. E.; Stackebrandt, E. (1995).
4981:Wang, Qiaochun; Valkonen, J. P. T. (2008).
3188:Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology
635:The genomes of four phytoplasmas have been
502:) or by vegetative propagation such as the
338:Many phytoplasma-infected plants develop a
7919:
7413:
6844:
6655:
6182:
6036:
6022:
6014:
5954:with an associated Yahoo discussion group.
5497:Jomantiene, Rasa; Davis, Robert E (2006).
5446:Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
5114:"DRUG FOR HUMANS CHECKS PALM TREE DISEASE"
4792:
4790:
4788:
4786:
1324:
795:) or by comparisons of DNA sequences from
31:
20:
5996:
5889:Phytoplasma Classification Iphyclassifier
5716:
5667:
5634:
5585:
5514:
5473:
5369:
5319:
5309:
5268:
5208:
5148:
5037:
4879:
4766:
4756:
4680:
4670:
4629:
4577:
4520:
4510:
4469:
4416:
4360:
4311:
4262:
4204:
4155:
4106:
4057:
4008:
3998:
3957:
3947:
3898:
3849:
3839:
3798:
3749:
3739:
3693:
3649:
3597:
3537:
3527:
3427:
3386:
3345:
3265:"Phytoplasma: Phytopathogenic Mollicutes"
3230:
3155:
3089:
3043:
3017:
3015:
556:restriction fragment length polymorphism
535:were also studied. The empirical use of
5178:
5176:
3302:Klingaman, Gerald (February 22, 2008).
2979:
2578:
455:Phytoplasmas are spread principally by
8057:Bacterial plant pathogens and diseases
5979:Davis, R. E.; Sinclair, W. A. (1998).
4959:
2985:
2983:
583:loop-mediated isothermal amplification
4718:10.1146/annurev.ento.51.110104.151039
2398:Stylosanthes little leaf phytoplasma
577:can effectively quantify phytoplasma
550:)-based methods. In the early 1990s,
514:Phytoplasmas move within phloem from
7:
4868:Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
3682:Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
3334:Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
749:structures in PhREPS play a role in
5973:Phytoplasma universal detection kit
5963:Video of maize bushy stunt symptoms
4954:10.14601/Phytopathol_Mediterr-11773
2954:List of taxa with candidatus status
2749:caused by phytoplasma infection on
1217:
1195:
1175:
1120:
1098:
1091:
1067:
1016:
1008:
1001:
981:
913:
870:
862:
842:
835:
828:
264:that are bound by a triple-layered
5399:Journal of General Plant Pathology
4913:10.1016/B978-0-12-078405-9.50016-1
4846:10.1111/j.1439-0434.1991.tb00132.x
1646:" corrig. Zreik et al. 1995 (
1466:" corrig. White et al. 1998 (
1438:" corrig. Davis et al. 2012 (
697:functions and have no functioning
14:
5234:"Comparative Genome Analysis of "
5020:Chen, Y. D.; Chen, T. A. (1998).
4907:. Vol. 5. pp. 393–424.
743:repetitive extragenic palindromes
666:") has a genome size of only 530
224:) in which they both survive and
5636:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2006.01561.x
5516:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2005.00057.x
5458:10.1128/MMBR.62.4.1094-1156.1998
5201:10.1128/JB.188.10.3682-3696.2006
4999:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2007.01710.x
3388:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2011.04650.x
3148:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2008.00472.x
2911:
2889:
2868:
2856:
2842:
2822:
2807:
2792:
2775:
2760:
2739:
2721:
2705:
2690:
2672:
2655:
2636:
2620:
2604:
2581:
1982:Malaysian periwinkle virescence
1515:" corrig. Win et al. 2013 (
1399:American potato purple top wilt
741:, as well as a unique family of
651:Phytoplasma australiense", and "
141:obligate intracellular parasites
58:
5958:Video of Melia yellows symptoms
2395:" Rodrigues-Jardim et al. 2021
2335:Sugarcane Grassy Shoot Disease
2269:" SeemĂĽller and Schneider 2004
2248:" SeemĂĽller and Schneider 2004
2206:" Rodrigues-Jardim et al. 2023
2000:" SeemĂĽller and Schneider 2004
1794:" Rodrigues-Jardim et al. 2023
1543:" Rodrigues-Jardim et al. 2023
4550:Plant Signaling & Behavior
4185:Journal of Experimental Botany
4087:Journal of Experimental Botany
3281:10.1146/annurev.micro.54.1.221
2850:Sugarcane grassy shoot disease
1879:Mexican periwinkle virescence
1:
5998:10.1094/PHYTO.1998.88.12.1372
5039:10.1094/PHYTO.1998.88.12.1367
4811:10.1016/j.tplants.2005.09.008
4570:10.1080/15592324.2015.1042635
3269:Annual Review of Microbiology
3032:Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol
2311:" Malembic-Maher et al. 2011
2251:European stone fruit yellows
1692:" corrig. Firrao et al. 2004
1674:" corrig. Firrao et al. 2004
1628:Cirsium yellows and stunting
1497:Australian grapevine yellows
362:Many plant pathogens produce
358:Effector (virulence) proteins
300:-like structures in place of
5741:"Phytoplasma classification"
5112:Pace, Eric (July 19, 1983).
5083:10.1126/science.161.3843.793
4942:Phytopathologia Mediterranea
4881:10.1094/MPMI.2004.17.11.1175
4512:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001835
2959:Milkweed yellows phytoplasma
2541:Foxtail palm yellow decline
1919:Japanese hydrangea phyllody
1448:Passionfruit witches' broom
701:pathway, but they do have a
581:within plants. In addition,
398:aster yellows witches' broom
5946:Phytoplasma Genome Projects
5865:10.1094/PDIS-11-13-1183-PDN
5371:10.1094/PHYTO.1999.89.9.805
4706:Annual Review of Entomology
3429:10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.8.976
3232:10.1099/13500872-145-8-1937
2684:phloem necrosis phytoplasma
761:Phytoplasmas belong to the
543:was additionally employed.
8078:
5906:of Bulletin of Insectology
4659:Frontiers in Plant Science
4304:10.1016/j.chom.2017.01.003
3091:10.3186/jjphytopath.33.259
2437:" corrig. Matiashova 2017
2419:Salt cedar witches' broom
421:Macrosteles quadrilineatus
181:normally less than 1
7893:
7430:"Acidulodesulfobacteriia"
6056:
5587:10.1099/00207713-45-1-186
5503:FEMS Microbiology Letters
5411:10.1007/s10327-003-0035-1
4834:Journal of Phytopathology
4136:Molecular Plant Pathology
4038:Molecular Plant Pathology
3136:Molecular Plant Pathology
2127:Coconut lethal yellowing
1916:" Sawayanagi et al. 1999
1756:Bermuda grass white leaf
1525:Balanites witches' broom
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1235:
1222:
1215:
1201:
1193:
1180:
1173:
1138:
1125:
1118:
1104:
1096:
1089:
1072:
1065:
1034:
1023:"Ca. P. australasiatica"
1021:
1014:
1006:
999:
986:
979:
935:
918:
911:
888:
875:
868:
860:
849:"Ca. P. tritici" {16SrI}
847:
840:
833:
751:transcription termination
552:polymerase chain reaction
55:Scientific classification
53:
39:
30:
23:
7687:"Thermodesulfovibrionia"
7425:Acidulodesulfobacteriota
6440:"Thermosediminibacteria"
6378:"Marinamargulisbacteria"
5826:Genome Taxonomy Database
5799:Genome Taxonomy Database
5772:Genome Taxonomy Database
5552:Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol.
5120:– via NYTimes.com.
2964:List of bacterial orders
2882:Phytoplasma australiense
2729:Parthenium hysterophorus
2377:Spartium witches' broom
2185:" Schneider et al. 2005
2021:" Fernández et al. 2016
1834:" Griffiths et al. 1999
1607:Chestnut witches' broom
1565:Hibiscus witches' broom
1451:PassWB-Br3; PassWB-Br3R
1182:"Ca. P. pini" {16SrXXI}
699:homologous recombination
647:Phytoplasma asteris"), "
592:has yet to be reported.
7721:Thermodesulfobacteriota
7522:"Thermosulfidibacteria"
6381:"Riflemargulisbacteria"
5902:published in Vol. 60-2
5767:"GTDB release 08-RS214"
5311:10.1186/1471-2164-9-306
5249:Journal of Bacteriology
5189:Journal of Bacteriology
4799:Trends in Plant Science
4758:10.1073/pnas.0508668103
4672:10.3389/fpls.2016.00885
4292:Cell Host & Microbe
4255:10.1126/science.1203659
4000:10.1073/pnas.1105664108
3949:10.1073/pnas.1200363109
3741:10.1073/pnas.1105664108
3529:10.1073/pnas.0813038106
2969:List of bacteria genera
2767:Little leaf disease of
2700:Little leaf phytoplasma
2627:Coconut palms dying of
2544:Bangi-2; FPYD Bangi-2R
2538:" Naderali et al. 2017
2456:" Hiruki and Wang 2004
2353:" Quaglino et al. 2013
2293:Rhamnus witches' broom
2124:" Harrison et al. 2014
2062:" Al-Saady et al. 2008
2045:Bogia coconut syndrome
2042:" Miyazaki et al. 2018
1813:" Valiunas et al. 2006
1625:" Šafárová et al. 2016
775:(Ca.) status (used for
530:Detection and diagnosis
518:, and can pass through
485:, and then move to the
451:Movement between plants
7963:Candidatus Phytoplasma
7877:Salinosulfoleibacteria
7695:"Lambdaproteobacteria"
7517:Thermosulfidibacterota
6794:"Macinerneyibacteriia"
6437:"Thermoanaerobacteria"
6364:Vampirovibrionophyceae
5794:"bac120_r214.sp_label"
5709:10.1099/ijsem.0.004332
4956:(inactive 2024-09-12).
4444:SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE
3695:10.1094/MPMI-22-1-0018
3200:10.1006/pmpp.2003.0450
3026:Candidatus Phytoplasma
2903:Dendrocalamus strictus
2562:Jujube witches' broom
2374:" Marcone et al. 2004
2290:" Marcone et al. 2004
2167:Almond witches' broom
2107:Palm lethal yellowing
2065:Cassia witches' broom
1961:Tomato 'brote grande'
1940:Loofah witches' broom
1858:Sugarcane yellow leaf
1753:" Marcone et al. 2004
1711:" Martini et al. 2012
1562:" Montano et al. 2001
1378:Allocasuarina yellows
1375:" Marcone et al. 2004
988:"Ca. P. mali" {16SrX}
797:16S/23S spacer regions
510:Movement within plants
6789:Macinerneyibacteriota
5975:Nippon Gene Co., Ltd.
5934:Ohio State University
5669:10.1099/ijs.0.65000-0
4622:10.1104/pp.111.181586
4353:10.1104/pp.111.181586
3891:10.1104/pp.112.200303
3642:10.1104/pp.113.218586
3045:10.1099/ijs.0.02854-0
2920:Trillium grandiflorum
2615:" phytoplasma disease
2599:" phytoplasma disease
2518:" Firrao et al. 2004
2459:Clover proliferation
2332:" Kirdat et al. 2021
2164:" Verdin et al. 2003
2104:" Firrao et al. 2004
2024:Chinaberry yellowing
1958:" Arocha et al. 2007
1855:" Arocha et al. 2005
1583:" Arocha et al. 2005
1402:APPTW12-NE; PPT12-NE
1330:Phytoplasma" species
753:or genome stability.
386:Nicotiana benthamiana
7772:Polarisedimenticolia
7760:"Guanabaribacteriia"
7702:Schekmaniibacteriota
7443:"Desulfurobacteriia"
7358:"Handelsmanbacteria"
7346:"Krumholzibacteriia"
6909:Firestoneibacteriota
6889:Desantisiibacteriota
6707:Coprothermobacterota
6587:"Absconditabacteria"
6504:"Desulfitobacteriia"
6373:Margulisiibacteriota
5894:Phytoplasma iPhyDSDB
5745:EPPO Global Database
3454:Nature Biotechnology
3347:10.1094/MPMI-19-0062
2731:showing symptoms of
2225:" Davis et al. 2013
2188:Pine witches' broom
2145:" Jones et al. 2004
2130:LYDM-178; LYDM-178R
2003:Apple proliferation
1979:" Nejat et al. 2013
1937:" Davis et al. 2017
1876:" Davis et al. 2016
1774:" Jones et al. 2021
1656:Lime witches' broom
1494:" Davis et al. 1997
1436:P. australamericanum
1344:16Sr group-subgroup
684:extrachromosomal DNA
639:: "onion yellows", "
470:(planthoppers), and
7906:Alternative views:
7778:Thermoanaerobaculia
7581:"Anaeroferrophilia"
7533:Deltaproteobacteria
7505:Desulfobacterota G
7368:Neomarinimicrobiota
7341:Krumholzibacteriota
7242:Edwardsiibacteriota
6968:"Hinthialibacteria"
6747:"Thermodesulfobiia"
6712:Coprothermobacteria
6524:"Halanaerobiaeota"
6472:"Thermaerobacteria"
6359:"Sericytochromatia"
5261:10.1128/JB.01301-07
5075:1968Sci...161..793D
4562:2015PlSiB..10E2635M
4462:10.1104/pp.15.00307
4247:2011Sci...333..596M
3993:(48): E1254–E1263.
3940:2012PNAS..109E1548K
3779:The New Phytologist
3582:2014NatSR...4E7399M
3520:2009PNAS..106.6416H
3466:10.1038/nbt0297-178
3128:Hogenhout, Saskia A
3038:(Pt 4): 1243–1255.
2785:Catharanthus roseus
2716:yellows phytoplasma
2611:A grape vine with "
2559:" Jung et al. 2003
2477:" Zhao et al. 2021
2416:" Zhao et al. 2009
2083:" Jung et al. 2003
1897:" Soto et al. 2021
1816:Strawberry yellows
1653:Zreik et al. 1995)
1604:" Jung et al. 2002
1473:White et al. 1998)
1464:P. australasiaticum
1445:Davis et al. 2012)
1356:" Soto et al. 2021
1338:Associated disease
1331:
1106:"Ca. P. phoenicia"
877:"Ca. P. hispanica"
785:restriction digests
739:insertion sequences
481:, pass through the
331:transport, inhibit
296:(the production of
185:, and a very small
7634:"Methylomirabilia"
7584:"Deferrimicrobiia"
7468:"Calescibacteriia"
7294:"Raymondbacteriia"
7276:"Fermentibacteria"
7235:Delongiibacteriota
7216:Coatesiibacteriota
7043:Lindowiibacteriota
6963:Hinthialibacterota
6742:Thermodesulfobiota
6590:"Andersenbacteria"
6516:"Syntrophomonadia"
6507:"Desulfotomaculia"
6498:"Carboxydothermia"
6329:"Eudoremicrobiia"
6314:"Heboniibacteriia"
5927:2008-12-08 at the
5915:2012-02-08 at the
5849:Tephrosia purpurea
5118:The New York Times
4197:10.1093/jxb/ery318
4099:10.1093/jxb/erw225
3570:Scientific Reports
2896:Witches' broom on
2664:Tephrosia purpurea
2497:" Lee et al. 2004
2231:PX11Ct1; PX11CT1R
2191:Pin127S; Pin127SR
2086:Rice yellow dwarf
1732:" Lee et al. 2011
1586:Papaya bunchy top
1417:" Lee et al. 2004
1396:" Lee et al. 2006
1325:
643:witches' broom" ("
520:sieve tube element
516:a source to a sink
403:TCP protein domain
147:tissue and of the
129:Firrao et al. 2004
112:Acholeplasmataceae
46:Echinacea purpurea
8039:
8038:
8024:Open Tree of Life
7925:Taxon identifiers
7916:
7915:
7852:
7851:
7848:
7847:
7803:Leptospirillaeota
7757:"Fischerbacteria"
7629:Methylomirabilota
7605:Desulfuromonadota
7576:Deferrimicrobiota
7500:"Deferribacteria"
7463:Calescibacteriota
7453:"Campylobacteria"
7387:Tianyaibacteriota
7361:"Latescibacteria"
7271:Fermentibacterota
7249:Eiseniibacteriota
7151:(Sphingobacteria)
7125:Verrucomicrobiota
7083:(Planctobacteria)
6980:"Hydrogenedentia"
6882:"Tritonobacteria"
6766:
6765:
6632:"Saccharimonadia"
6613:"Howlettbacteria"
6552:
6551:
6536:"Selenobacteria"
6501:"Dehalobacteriia"
6495:"Carboxydocellia"
6490:Desulfotomaculota
6480:"Hydrogenisporia"
6469:"Symbiobacteriia"
6458:"Proteinivoracia"
6302:"Abditibacteriia"
6215:"Geothermincolia"
5991:(12): 1372–1376.
5703:(11): 5607–5612.
5195:(10): 3682–3696.
5069:(3843): 793–794.
5032:(12): 1367–1371.
4922:978-0-12-078405-9
4874:(11): 1175–1184.
4751:(11): 4252–4257.
4442:"MiR396-targeted
4409:10.1111/tpj.12495
4241:(6042): 596–601.
4191:(22): 5389–5401.
4148:10.1111/mpp.12733
4142:(12): 2623–2634.
4050:10.1111/mpp.12409
3841:10.1093/mp/ssu084
3791:10.1111/nph.12721
3590:10.1038/srep07399
3514:(15): 6416–6421.
2949:Grapevine yellows
2613:flavescence dorée
2572:
2571:
1714:Bindweed yellows
1690:P. cocoitanzaniae
1522:Win et al. 2013)
1373:P. allocasuarinae
1323:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1309:
1308:
1300:
1299:
1291:
1290:
1282:
1281:
1273:
1272:
1264:
1263:
1255:
1254:
1246:
1245:
1237:"Ca. P. ziziphi"
1162:
1161:
1153:
1152:
1054:
1053:
1045:
1044:
968:
967:
959:
958:
950:
949:
899:
898:
789:16S ribosomal RNA
769:Acholeplasmatales
730:in phytoplasmas.
489:and colonize the
364:virulence factors
260:Phytoplasmas are
240:dwarf disease in
192:Phytoplasmas are
134:
133:
130:
102:Acholeplasmatales
16:Genus of bacteria
8069:
8032:
8031:
8019:
8018:
8006:
8005:
7993:
7992:
7980:
7979:
7967:
7966:
7965:
7952:
7951:
7950:
7920:
7808:"Leptospirillia"
7783:Vicinamibacteria
7714:"Entotheonellia"
7610:Desulfuromonadia
7541:Bdellovibrionota
7509:Syntrophorhabdia
7496:Deferribacterota
7449:Campylobacterota
7414:
7353:Latescibacterota
7287:Chitinivibrionia
7264:"Tariuqbacteria"
7137:Verrucomicrobiia
6975:Hydrogenedentota
6938:Ratteibacteriota
6931:"Velamenicoccia"
6916:Goldiibacteriota
6879:"Erginobacteria"
6873:"Ancaeobacteria"
6845:
6825:Walliibacteriota
6813:Rifleibacteriota
6806:"Muiribacteriia"
6735:"Lithacetigenia"
6656:
6626:"Microgenomatia"
6603:"Doudnabacteria"
6448:"Dethiobacteria"
6407:
6387:"Termititenacia"
6351:Cyanobacteriota
6335:"Eremiobacteria"
6266:"Limnocylindria"
6240:"Bipolaricaulia"
6183:
6085:
6065:
6038:
6031:
6024:
6015:
6010:
6000:
5877:
5876:
5844:
5838:
5837:
5835:
5833:
5817:
5811:
5810:
5808:
5806:
5790:
5784:
5783:
5781:
5779:
5763:
5757:
5756:
5754:
5752:
5737:
5731:
5730:
5720:
5688:
5682:
5681:
5671:
5662:(8): 1855–1867.
5647:
5641:
5640:
5638:
5614:
5608:
5607:
5589:
5565:
5559:
5543:
5537:
5536:
5518:
5494:
5488:
5487:
5477:
5452:(4): 1094–1156.
5437:
5431:
5430:
5390:
5384:
5383:
5373:
5349:
5343:
5340:
5334:
5333:
5323:
5313:
5289:
5283:
5282:
5272:
5246:
5229:
5223:
5222:
5212:
5180:
5171:
5170:
5152:
5128:
5122:
5121:
5109:
5103:
5102:
5058:
5052:
5051:
5041:
5017:
5011:
5010:
4978:
4972:
4971:
4965:
4957:
4933:
4927:
4926:
4900:
4894:
4893:
4883:
4859:
4850:
4849:
4829:
4823:
4822:
4794:
4781:
4780:
4770:
4760:
4736:
4730:
4729:
4701:
4695:
4694:
4684:
4674:
4650:
4644:
4643:
4633:
4610:Plant Physiology
4601:
4592:
4591:
4581:
4541:
4535:
4534:
4524:
4514:
4490:
4484:
4483:
4473:
4456:(4): 1702–1716.
4450:Plant Physiology
4437:
4431:
4430:
4420:
4388:
4375:
4374:
4364:
4341:Plant Physiology
4332:
4326:
4325:
4315:
4283:
4277:
4276:
4266:
4225:
4219:
4218:
4208:
4176:
4170:
4169:
4159:
4127:
4121:
4120:
4110:
4078:
4072:
4071:
4061:
4029:
4023:
4022:
4012:
4002:
3978:
3972:
3971:
3961:
3951:
3934:(24): E1548-57.
3919:
3913:
3912:
3902:
3879:Plant Physiology
3870:
3864:
3863:
3853:
3843:
3819:
3813:
3812:
3802:
3770:
3764:
3763:
3753:
3743:
3734:(48): E1254-63.
3719:
3708:
3707:
3697:
3673:
3664:
3663:
3653:
3636:(4): 2004–2015.
3630:Plant Physiology
3621:
3612:
3611:
3601:
3561:
3552:
3551:
3541:
3531:
3499:
3486:
3485:
3448:
3442:
3441:
3431:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3390:
3366:
3360:
3359:
3349:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3299:
3293:
3292:
3260:
3245:
3244:
3234:
3225:(8): 1939–1943.
3210:
3204:
3203:
3179:
3170:
3169:
3159:
3124:
3115:
3114:
3107:Plant Protection
3102:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3069:
3058:
3057:
3047:
3019:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3005:
2987:
2939:Cherry X-disease
2915:
2893:
2872:
2860:
2846:
2826:
2811:
2796:
2779:
2764:
2743:
2725:
2709:
2694:
2676:
2659:
2640:
2629:lethal yellowing
2624:
2608:
2585:
2228:Peach X-disease
2048:BCS-Bo; BCS-BoR
2040:P. noviguineense
1819:StrawY; StrawYR
1672:P. cocoinigeriae
1652:
1521:
1472:
1444:
1443:P. sudamericanum
1332:
1218:
1203:"Ca. P. luffae"
1196:
1176:
1127:"Ca. P. oryzae"
1121:
1099:
1092:
1068:
1017:
1009:
1002:
982:
914:
890:"Ca. P. meliae"
871:
863:
843:
836:
829:
815:
814:
791:gene sequences (
571:quantitative PCR
371:
348:apical dominance
128:
63:
62:
35:
21:
8077:
8076:
8072:
8071:
8070:
8068:
8067:
8066:
8062:Candidatus taxa
8042:
8041:
8040:
8035:
8027:
8022:
8014:
8009:
8001:
7996:
7988:
7983:
7975:
7970:
7961:
7960:
7955:
7946:
7945:
7940:
7927:
7917:
7912:
7900:Bergey's Manual
7889:
7844:
7839:"Pseudomonadia"
7749:"Aminicenantia"
7738:Acidobacteriota
7726:
7709:Tectimicrobiota
7591:Deferrisomatota
7551:Bdellovibrionia
7546:Bacteriovoracia
7527:
7485:Dadaibacteriota
7407:
7399:
7394:Zixiibacteriota
7380:"Marinisomatia"
7334:"Stahlbacteria"
7307:"Glassbacteria"
7300:Gemmatimonadota
7209:"Cloacimonadia"
7174:Ignavibacteriia
7150:
7142:
7129:Kiritimatiellia
7119:"Uabimicrobiia"
7102:Planctomycetota
7082:
7074:
7023:bacteriobiontes
7022:
7016:
6999:"Saltatorellae"
6943:
6895:Elusimicrobiota
6838:
6830:
6818:"Ozemibacteria"
6801:Muiribacteriota
6762:
6730:Lithacetigenota
6719:Dictyoglomerota
6685:
6647:
6635:"Torokbacteria"
6629:"Paceibacteria"
6623:"Kazanbacteria"
6608:Gracilibacteria
6600:"Dojkabacteria"
6579:Patescibacteria
6572:"Elulimicrobia"
6548:
6466:"Sulfobacillia"
6405:
6404:
6400:
6392:
6384:"Saganbacteria"
6345:Cyanoprokaryota
6340:
6324:Eremiobacterota
6292:"Dormibacteria"
6287:Dormiibacterota
6263:Ktedonobacteria
6259:Dehalococcoidia
6235:Bipolaricaulota
6227:Thermoleophilia
6218:"Humimicrobiia"
6176:
6168:
6167:
6083:
6061:
6052:
6042:
5978:
5929:Wayback Machine
5917:Wayback Machine
5885:
5880:
5846:
5845:
5841:
5831:
5829:
5821:"Taxon History"
5819:
5818:
5814:
5804:
5802:
5792:
5791:
5787:
5777:
5775:
5765:
5764:
5760:
5750:
5748:
5739:
5738:
5734:
5690:
5689:
5685:
5649:
5648:
5644:
5623:Plant Pathology
5616:
5615:
5611:
5567:
5566:
5562:
5544:
5540:
5496:
5495:
5491:
5439:
5438:
5434:
5392:
5391:
5387:
5351:
5350:
5346:
5341:
5337:
5291:
5290:
5286:
5255:(11): 3979–91.
5244:
5231:
5230:
5226:
5182:
5181:
5174:
5137:Nature Genetics
5130:
5129:
5125:
5111:
5110:
5106:
5060:
5059:
5055:
5019:
5018:
5014:
4987:Plant Pathology
4980:
4979:
4975:
4958:
4935:
4934:
4930:
4923:
4905:The Mycoplasmas
4902:
4901:
4897:
4861:
4860:
4853:
4831:
4830:
4826:
4805:(11): 526–535.
4796:
4795:
4784:
4738:
4737:
4733:
4703:
4702:
4698:
4652:
4651:
4647:
4603:
4602:
4595:
4556:(8): e1042635.
4543:
4542:
4538:
4505:(4): e1001835.
4492:
4491:
4487:
4439:
4438:
4434:
4390:
4389:
4378:
4334:
4333:
4329:
4285:
4284:
4280:
4227:
4226:
4222:
4178:
4177:
4173:
4129:
4128:
4124:
4093:(14): 4415–25.
4080:
4079:
4075:
4031:
4030:
4026:
3980:
3979:
3975:
3921:
3920:
3916:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3834:(10): 1533–44.
3828:Molecular Plant
3821:
3820:
3816:
3772:
3771:
3767:
3721:
3720:
3711:
3675:
3674:
3667:
3623:
3622:
3615:
3563:
3562:
3555:
3501:
3500:
3489:
3450:
3449:
3445:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3312:
3310:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3262:
3261:
3248:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3181:
3180:
3173:
3126:
3125:
3118:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3080:(in Japanese).
3071:
3070:
3061:
3021:
3020:
3013:
3003:
3001:
2989:
2988:
2981:
2977:
2935:
2928:
2916:
2907:
2894:
2885:
2873:
2864:
2861:
2852:
2847:
2838:
2827:
2818:
2812:
2803:
2797:
2788:
2780:
2771:
2765:
2756:
2744:
2735:
2726:
2717:
2712:Trees dying of
2710:
2701:
2695:
2686:
2677:
2668:
2660:
2651:
2641:
2632:
2625:
2616:
2609:
2600:
2586:
2577:
2393:P. stylosanthis
1840:AshY1; Ashy lT
1730:P. costaricanum
1651:P. aurantifolia
1647:
1516:
1492:P. australiense
1467:
1439:
1319:
1310:
1301:
1292:
1283:
1274:
1265:
1256:
1247:
1224:"Ca. P. vitis"
1163:
1154:
1055:
1046:
1036:"Ca. P. citri"
969:
960:
951:
922:P. australiense
900:
809:
759:
714:. Unlike other
633:
608:liquid nitrogen
598:
532:
512:
491:salivary glands
466:(leafhoppers),
453:
448:
432:
367:
360:
322:apical meristem
286:
258:
234:
159:-like organisms
127:
57:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8075:
8073:
8065:
8064:
8059:
8054:
8044:
8043:
8037:
8036:
8034:
8033:
8020:
8007:
7994:
7981:
7968:
7953:
7937:
7935:
7929:
7928:
7923:
7914:
7913:
7911:
7910:
7904:
7894:
7891:
7890:
7888:
7887:
7880:
7873:
7872:
7871:
7860:
7858:
7854:
7853:
7850:
7849:
7846:
7845:
7843:
7842:
7841:
7840:
7837:
7830:
7823:
7814:Pseudomonadota
7811:
7810:
7809:
7799:
7798:
7797:
7787:
7786:
7785:
7780:
7775:
7768:
7761:
7758:
7755:
7753:Blastocatellia
7750:
7747:
7744:Acidobacteriia
7734:
7732:
7728:
7727:
7725:
7724:
7717:
7716:
7715:
7705:
7698:
7697:
7696:
7690:
7689:
7688:
7685:
7677:
7676:
7675:
7667:
7666:
7665:
7662:
7661:"Bradymonadia"
7659:
7649:
7648:
7647:
7646:"Moduliflexia"
7637:
7636:
7635:
7625:
7624:
7623:
7613:
7612:
7611:
7601:
7600:
7599:
7597:Deferrisomatia
7587:
7586:
7585:
7582:
7572:
7571:
7570:
7560:
7559:
7558:
7553:
7548:
7537:
7535:
7529:
7528:
7526:
7525:
7524:
7523:
7513:
7512:
7511:
7503:
7502:
7501:
7493:
7492:
7491:
7490:"Dadabacteria"
7481:
7480:
7479:
7471:
7470:
7469:
7459:
7458:
7457:
7454:
7446:
7445:
7444:
7441:
7433:
7432:
7431:
7420:
7418:
7411:
7405:Proteobacteria
7401:
7400:
7398:
7397:
7390:
7383:
7382:
7381:
7375:Marinisomatota
7371:
7364:
7363:
7362:
7359:
7349:
7348:
7347:
7337:
7336:
7335:
7332:
7331:"Hydrothermia"
7322:
7321:
7320:
7310:
7309:
7308:
7305:
7304:Gemmatimonadia
7297:
7296:
7295:
7292:
7289:
7282:Fibrobacterota
7279:
7278:
7277:
7267:
7266:
7265:
7262:
7261:"Electryoneia"
7252:
7245:
7238:
7231:
7230:
7229:
7228:"Cosmopolitia"
7219:
7212:
7211:
7210:
7204:Cloacimonadota
7200:
7199:
7198:
7190:
7189:
7188:
7183:
7180:
7179:"Kapabacteria"
7177:
7170:
7165:
7154:
7152:
7144:
7143:
7141:
7140:
7139:
7138:
7135:
7130:
7122:
7121:
7120:
7117:
7115:Planctomycetia
7112:
7107:
7099:
7098:
7097:
7086:
7084:
7076:
7075:
7073:
7072:
7071:
7070:
7063:
7060:
7057:
7056:"Brachyspirae"
7054:
7053:"Brevinematia"
7046:
7039:
7038:
7037:
7026:
7024:
7018:
7017:
7015:
7014:
7013:
7012:
7002:
7001:
7000:
6994:Saltatorellota
6990:
6987:Poribacteriota
6983:
6982:
6981:
6971:
6970:
6969:
6959:
6956:Abyssubacteria
6951:
6949:
6945:
6944:
6942:
6941:
6934:
6933:
6932:
6929:
6919:
6912:
6905:
6904:
6903:
6900:
6899:Elusimicrobiia
6892:
6885:
6884:
6883:
6880:
6877:
6876:"Auribacteria"
6874:
6864:
6863:
6862:
6851:
6849:
6842:
6832:
6831:
6829:
6828:
6821:
6820:
6819:
6809:
6808:
6807:
6797:
6796:
6795:
6785:
6784:
6783:
6778:Fusobacteriota
6774:
6772:
6768:
6767:
6764:
6763:
6761:
6760:
6759:
6758:
6750:
6749:
6748:
6738:
6737:
6736:
6726:
6725:
6724:
6723:Dictyoglomeria
6716:
6715:
6714:
6704:
6703:
6702:
6693:
6691:
6687:
6686:
6684:
6683:
6682:
6681:
6673:
6672:
6671:
6662:
6660:
6653:
6649:
6648:
6646:
6645:
6644:
6643:
6636:
6633:
6630:
6627:
6624:
6621:
6618:Katanobacteria
6614:
6611:
6604:
6601:
6598:
6595:Berkelbacteria
6591:
6588:
6585:
6575:
6574:
6573:
6562:
6560:
6554:
6553:
6550:
6549:
6547:
6546:
6545:
6544:
6534:
6533:
6532:
6522:
6521:
6520:
6519:"Thermincolia"
6517:
6514:
6511:
6508:
6505:
6502:
6499:
6496:
6486:
6485:
6484:
6481:
6475:
6474:
6473:
6470:
6467:
6461:
6460:
6459:
6456:
6453:Natranaerobiia
6449:
6443:
6442:
6441:
6438:
6435:
6425:
6424:
6423:
6410:
6408:
6394:
6393:
6391:
6390:
6389:
6388:
6385:
6382:
6379:
6369:
6368:
6367:
6360:
6357:
6348:
6346:
6342:
6341:
6339:
6338:
6337:
6336:
6333:
6327:
6320:
6319:
6318:
6315:
6312:
6311:Fimbriimonadia
6309:
6308:Chthonomonadia
6306:
6303:
6298:Armatimonadota
6295:
6294:
6293:
6283:
6282:
6281:
6269:
6268:
6267:
6264:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6243:
6242:
6241:
6231:
6230:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6216:
6213:
6211:Coriobacteriia
6208:
6207:"Aquicultoria"
6205:
6200:
6198:Acidimicrobiia
6193:Actinomycetota
6189:
6187:
6180:
6170:
6169:
6166:
6165:
6164:
6163:
6162:
6161:
6158:Mesomycetozoea
6155:
6150:
6140:
6130:
6129:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6107:
6106:
6094:Diaphoretickes
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6058:
6057:
6054:
6053:
6051:classification
6043:
6041:
6040:
6033:
6026:
6018:
6012:
6011:
5985:Phytopathology
5976:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5949:
5943:
5937:
5931:
5919:
5907:
5897:
5891:
5884:
5883:External links
5881:
5879:
5878:
5839:
5812:
5785:
5758:
5732:
5683:
5642:
5629:(3): 357–365.
5609:
5580:(1): 186–187.
5560:
5538:
5489:
5432:
5405:(3): 194–198.
5385:
5364:(9): 805–810.
5358:Phytopathology
5344:
5335:
5284:
5224:
5172:
5150:10.1038/ng1277
5123:
5104:
5053:
5026:Phytopathology
5012:
4993:(2): 338–347.
4973:
4948:(3): 607–617.
4928:
4921:
4895:
4851:
4824:
4782:
4731:
4696:
4645:
4593:
4536:
4485:
4432:
4403:(4): 541–554.
4376:
4347:(2): 831–841.
4327:
4298:(2): 156–168.
4278:
4220:
4171:
4122:
4073:
4044:(3): 435–442.
4024:
3973:
3914:
3885:(4): 1511–23.
3865:
3814:
3765:
3709:
3665:
3613:
3553:
3487:
3460:(2): 178–182.
3443:
3422:(8): 976–981.
3416:Phytopathology
3402:
3381:(6): 971–979.
3361:
3320:
3294:
3246:
3205:
3194:(2): 237–242.
3171:
3142:(4): 403–423.
3116:
3097:
3084:(4): 259–266.
3059:
3011:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2917:
2910:
2908:
2895:
2888:
2886:
2874:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2855:
2853:
2848:
2841:
2839:
2828:
2821:
2819:
2813:
2806:
2804:
2798:
2791:
2789:
2781:
2774:
2772:
2769:Cleome viscosa
2766:
2759:
2757:
2745:
2738:
2736:
2733:witches' broom
2727:
2720:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2702:
2696:
2689:
2687:
2678:
2671:
2669:
2667:witches' broom
2661:
2654:
2652:
2642:
2635:
2633:
2626:
2619:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2601:
2587:
2580:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2528:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2508:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2487:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2467:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2446:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2427:
2426:
2423:
2422:SCWB1; SCWB1R
2420:
2417:
2406:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2385:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2364:
2363:
2360:
2359:STOL; STOL11R
2357:
2354:
2343:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2322:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2280:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2259:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:P. planchoniae
2196:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2175:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:P. malaysianum
1969:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:P. lycopersici
1948:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1735:Soybean stunt
1733:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:P. brasiliense
1552:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1505:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1476:Papaya mosaic
1474:
1471:P. australasia
1456:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1420:Aster yellows
1418:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1097:
1095:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1071:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1007:
1005:
1000:
998:
995:
994:
991:
990:
985:
980:
978:
975:
974:
971:
970:
966:
965:
962:
961:
957:
956:
953:
952:
948:
947:
944:
943:
934:
931:
930:
927:
926:
917:
912:
910:
906:
905:
902:
901:
897:
896:
893:
892:
887:
884:
883:
880:
879:
874:
869:
867:
861:
859:
856:
855:
852:
851:
846:
841:
839:
834:
832:
827:
824:
823:
818:Phylogeny of "
808:
805:
758:
755:
632:
629:
624:bacteriostatic
604:Tissue culture
597:
594:
531:
528:
511:
508:
452:
449:
447:
444:
430:
359:
356:
344:witches' broom
285:
282:
257:
254:
233:
230:
132:
131:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
82:Mycoplasmatota
79:
75:
74:
69:
65:
64:
51:
50:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8074:
8063:
8060:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8050:
8049:
8047:
8030:
8025:
8021:
8017:
8012:
8008:
8004:
7999:
7995:
7991:
7986:
7982:
7978:
7973:
7969:
7964:
7958:
7954:
7949:
7943:
7939:
7938:
7936:
7934:
7930:
7926:
7921:
7909:
7905:
7902:
7901:
7896:
7895:
7892:
7885:
7884:Teskebacteria
7881:
7878:
7874:
7870:"Qinglongiia"
7869:
7868:
7866:
7862:
7861:
7859:
7855:
7838:
7835:
7834:Magnetococcia
7831:
7828:
7827:Mariprofundia
7824:
7821:
7820:Caulobacteria
7817:
7816:
7815:
7812:
7807:
7806:
7804:
7800:
7796:"Canglongiia"
7795:
7794:
7792:
7788:
7784:
7781:
7779:
7776:
7773:
7769:
7766:
7762:
7759:
7756:
7754:
7751:
7748:
7745:
7741:
7740:
7739:
7736:
7735:
7733:
7729:
7722:
7718:
7713:
7712:
7710:
7706:
7703:
7699:
7694:
7693:
7691:
7686:
7683:
7682:
7681:
7678:
7673:
7672:
7671:
7668:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7654:
7653:
7650:
7645:
7644:
7642:
7641:Moduliflexota
7638:
7633:
7632:
7630:
7626:
7621:
7620:
7618:
7614:
7609:
7608:
7606:
7602:
7598:
7595:
7594:
7592:
7588:
7583:
7580:
7579:
7577:
7573:
7568:
7567:
7565:
7561:
7557:
7554:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7543:
7542:
7539:
7538:
7536:
7534:
7530:
7521:
7520:
7518:
7514:
7510:
7507:
7506:
7504:
7499:
7498:
7497:
7494:
7489:
7488:
7486:
7482:
7477:
7476:
7475:
7474:Chrysiogenota
7472:
7467:
7466:
7464:
7460:
7456:Desulfurellia
7455:
7452:
7451:
7450:
7447:
7442:
7439:
7438:
7437:
7434:
7429:
7428:
7426:
7422:
7421:
7419:
7415:
7412:
7410:
7406:
7402:
7395:
7391:
7388:
7384:
7379:
7378:
7376:
7372:
7369:
7365:
7360:
7357:
7356:
7354:
7350:
7345:
7344:
7342:
7338:
7333:
7330:
7329:
7327:
7326:Hydrothermota
7323:
7318:
7317:
7315:
7311:
7306:
7303:
7302:
7301:
7298:
7293:
7291:Fibrobacteria
7290:
7288:
7285:
7284:
7283:
7280:
7275:
7274:
7272:
7268:
7263:
7260:
7259:
7257:
7256:Electryoneota
7253:
7250:
7246:
7243:
7239:
7236:
7232:
7227:
7226:
7224:
7220:
7217:
7213:
7208:
7207:
7205:
7201:
7196:
7195:
7194:
7193:Calditrichota
7191:
7187:
7184:
7181:
7178:
7175:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7160:
7159:
7156:
7155:
7153:
7149:
7145:
7136:
7134:
7133:Lentisphaeria
7131:
7128:
7127:
7126:
7123:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7110:Phycisphaeria
7108:
7105:
7104:
7103:
7100:
7096:
7093:
7092:
7091:
7088:
7087:
7085:
7081:
7077:
7068:
7064:
7062:"Leptospiria"
7061:
7059:"Exilispiria"
7058:
7055:
7052:
7051:
7050:
7049:Spirochaetota
7047:
7044:
7040:
7035:
7034:
7032:
7028:
7027:
7025:
7019:
7010:
7009:
7007:
7003:
6998:
6997:
6995:
6991:
6988:
6984:
6979:
6978:
6976:
6972:
6967:
6966:
6964:
6960:
6957:
6953:
6952:
6950:
6946:
6939:
6935:
6930:
6928:"Omnitrophia"
6927:
6926:
6924:
6920:
6917:
6913:
6910:
6906:
6902:Endomicrobiia
6901:
6898:
6897:
6896:
6893:
6890:
6886:
6881:
6878:
6875:
6872:
6871:
6869:
6868:Auribacterota
6865:
6860:
6859:
6857:
6853:
6852:
6850:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6837:
6836:Hydrobacteria
6833:
6826:
6822:
6817:
6816:
6814:
6810:
6805:
6804:
6802:
6798:
6793:
6792:
6790:
6786:
6782:Fusobacteriia
6781:
6780:
6779:
6776:
6775:
6773:
6771:Fusobacterida
6769:
6757:"Thermotogia"
6756:
6755:
6754:
6751:
6746:
6745:
6743:
6739:
6734:
6733:
6731:
6727:
6722:
6721:
6720:
6717:
6713:
6710:
6709:
6708:
6705:
6700:
6699:
6698:
6697:Caldisericota
6695:
6694:
6692:
6688:
6679:
6678:
6677:
6674:
6669:
6668:
6667:
6666:Atribacterota
6664:
6663:
6661:
6659:Synergistetes
6657:
6654:
6650:
6641:
6640:Wirthbacteria
6637:
6634:
6631:
6628:
6625:
6622:
6619:
6615:
6612:
6609:
6605:
6602:
6599:
6596:
6592:
6589:
6586:
6583:
6582:
6580:
6576:
6571:
6570:
6568:
6564:
6563:
6561:
6559:
6555:
6542:
6541:Selenomonadia
6538:
6537:
6535:
6530:
6529:Halanaerobiia
6526:
6525:
6523:
6518:
6515:
6513:"Peptococcia"
6512:
6509:
6506:
6503:
6500:
6497:
6494:
6493:
6491:
6487:
6482:
6479:
6478:
6476:
6471:
6468:
6465:
6464:
6462:
6457:
6454:
6450:
6447:
6446:
6444:
6439:
6436:
6433:
6429:
6428:
6426:
6421:
6417:
6416:
6415:
6412:
6411:
6409:
6403:
6399:
6395:
6386:
6383:
6380:
6377:
6376:
6374:
6370:
6365:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6355:Cyanobacteria
6353:
6352:
6350:
6349:
6347:
6343:
6334:
6331:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6321:
6316:
6313:
6310:
6307:
6305:Armatimonadia
6304:
6301:
6300:
6299:
6296:
6291:
6290:
6288:
6284:
6279:
6275:
6274:
6273:
6270:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:"Caldilineia"
6249:
6248:
6247:
6246:Chloroflexota
6244:
6239:
6238:
6236:
6232:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6222:Rubrobacteria
6220:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6203:Actinomycetia
6201:
6199:
6196:
6195:
6194:
6191:
6190:
6188:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6178:BV1, BV3, BV5
6175:
6174:Terrabacteria
6171:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6145:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6135:
6134:
6131:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6121:Stramenopiles
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6105:
6102:
6101:
6100:
6097:
6096:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6084:(major groups
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6064:
6060:
6059:
6055:
6050:
6046:
6039:
6034:
6032:
6027:
6025:
6020:
6019:
6016:
6008:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5990:
5986:
5982:
5977:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5953:
5950:
5947:
5944:
5941:
5938:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5926:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5914:
5911:
5908:
5905:
5901:
5898:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5886:
5882:
5874:
5870:
5866:
5862:
5858:
5854:
5853:Plant Disease
5850:
5843:
5840:
5828:
5827:
5822:
5816:
5813:
5801:
5800:
5795:
5789:
5786:
5774:
5773:
5768:
5762:
5759:
5746:
5742:
5736:
5733:
5728:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5710:
5706:
5702:
5698:
5694:
5687:
5684:
5679:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5661:
5657:
5653:
5646:
5643:
5637:
5632:
5628:
5624:
5620:
5613:
5610:
5605:
5601:
5597:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5579:
5575:
5571:
5564:
5561:
5557:
5553:
5550:
5549:
5542:
5539:
5534:
5530:
5526:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5508:
5504:
5500:
5493:
5490:
5485:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5467:
5463:
5459:
5455:
5451:
5447:
5443:
5436:
5433:
5428:
5424:
5420:
5416:
5412:
5408:
5404:
5400:
5396:
5389:
5386:
5381:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5363:
5359:
5355:
5348:
5345:
5339:
5336:
5331:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5303:
5299:
5295:
5288:
5285:
5280:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5262:
5258:
5254:
5250:
5243:
5241:
5237:
5228:
5225:
5220:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5202:
5198:
5194:
5190:
5186:
5179:
5177:
5173:
5168:
5164:
5160:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5127:
5124:
5119:
5115:
5108:
5105:
5100:
5096:
5092:
5088:
5084:
5080:
5076:
5072:
5068:
5064:
5057:
5054:
5049:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5031:
5027:
5023:
5016:
5013:
5008:
5004:
5000:
4996:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4977:
4974:
4969:
4963:
4955:
4951:
4947:
4943:
4939:
4932:
4929:
4924:
4918:
4914:
4910:
4906:
4899:
4896:
4891:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4873:
4869:
4865:
4858:
4856:
4852:
4847:
4843:
4839:
4835:
4828:
4825:
4820:
4816:
4812:
4808:
4804:
4800:
4793:
4791:
4789:
4787:
4783:
4778:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4750:
4746:
4742:
4735:
4732:
4727:
4723:
4719:
4715:
4711:
4707:
4700:
4697:
4692:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4649:
4646:
4641:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4623:
4619:
4616:(2): 831–41.
4615:
4611:
4607:
4600:
4598:
4594:
4589:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4540:
4537:
4532:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4496:
4489:
4486:
4481:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4463:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4445:
4436:
4433:
4428:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4398:
4397:Plant Journal
4394:
4387:
4385:
4383:
4381:
4377:
4372:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4331:
4328:
4323:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4282:
4279:
4274:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4224:
4221:
4216:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4175:
4172:
4167:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4126:
4123:
4118:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4077:
4074:
4069:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4028:
4025:
4020:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3977:
3974:
3969:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3918:
3915:
3910:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3869:
3866:
3861:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3818:
3815:
3810:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3785:(3): 838–48.
3784:
3780:
3776:
3769:
3766:
3761:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3710:
3705:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3672:
3670:
3666:
3661:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3620:
3618:
3614:
3609:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3560:
3558:
3554:
3549:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3488:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3447:
3444:
3439:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3406:
3403:
3398:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3375:Plant Journal
3372:
3365:
3362:
3357:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3324:
3321:
3309:
3305:
3298:
3295:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3242:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3209:
3206:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3167:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3112:
3108:
3101:
3098:
3092:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3055:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3027:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3000:
2996:
2995:Phytoplasma""
2994:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2974:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2926:
2922:
2921:
2914:
2909:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2892:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2878:
2871:
2866:
2859:
2854:
2851:
2845:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2825:
2820:
2816:
2810:
2805:
2802:
2795:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2778:
2773:
2770:
2763:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2748:
2742:
2737:
2734:
2730:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2708:
2703:
2699:
2693:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2675:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2658:
2653:
2650:
2646:
2645:aster yellows
2639:
2634:
2630:
2623:
2618:
2614:
2607:
2602:
2598:
2595:
2591:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2408:
2407:
2404:16SrXXXVII-A
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2274:
2272:Pear decline
2271:
2268:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2162:P. phoenicium
2160:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1874:P. hispanicum
1872:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1792:P. fabacearum
1790:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1751:P. cynodontis
1749:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1709:P. convolvuli
1707:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1434:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1394:P. americanum
1392:
1388:
1387:
1384:16SrXXXIII-A
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1335:Species name
1333:
1329:
1314:
1313:
1305:
1304:
1296:
1295:
1287:
1286:
1278:
1277:
1269:
1268:
1260:
1259:
1251:
1250:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1220:
1219:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1178:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1158:
1157:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1123:
1122:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1070:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1050:
1049:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1019:
1018:
1011:
1010:
1004:
1003:
997:
996:
993:
992:
989:
984:
983:
977:
976:
973:
972:
964:
963:
955:
954:
946:
945:
942:
940:
933:
932:
929:
928:
925:
923:
916:
915:
908:
907:
904:
903:
895:
894:
891:
886:
885:
882:
881:
878:
873:
872:
865:
864:
858:
857:
854:
853:
850:
845:
844:
838:
837:
831:
830:
826:
825:
822:Phytoplasma"
821:
817:
816:
813:
806:
804:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
767:
764:
756:
754:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
731:
729:
726:is used as a
725:
721:
717:
713:
710:
706:
705:
700:
696:
691:
689:
685:
681:
680:
675:
674:
669:
665:
664:P. cynodontis
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
641:aster yellows
638:
630:
628:
625:
621:
620:Tetracyclines
617:
615:
611:
609:
605:
601:
595:
593:
591:
586:
584:
580:
576:
572:
567:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
544:
542:
538:
529:
527:
525:
521:
517:
509:
507:
505:
501:
500:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
475:
473:
469:
465:
462:
458:
450:
445:
443:
441:
437:
426:
423:
422:
417:
412:
408:
404:
399:
394:
392:
388:
387:
381:
380:
375:
370:
365:
357:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
336:
334:
330:
325:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
283:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
255:
253:
251:
247:
243:
239:
231:
229:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
190:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
158:
153:
150:
146:
142:
138:
126:
124:
120:
117:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
93:
90:
87:
86:
83:
80:
77:
76:
73:
70:
67:
66:
61:
56:
52:
48:
47:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
7932:
7898:
7865:Qinglongiota
7791:Canglongiota
7680:Nitrospirota
7670:Nitrospinota
7622:"Lernaellia"
7478:Chrysiogenia
7319:"Heilongiia"
7223:Cosmopoliota
7197:Calditrichia
7186:Rhodothermia
7182:"Kryptoniia"
7158:Bacteroidota
7067:Spirochaetia
7011:"Sumerlaeia"
6923:Omnitrophota
6861:"Aerophobia"
6753:Thermotogota
6701:Caldisericia
6676:Synergistota
6670:Atribacteria
6652:Thermotogida
6483:Limnochordia
6477:Bacillota G
6463:Bacillota E
6445:Bacillota D
6427:Bacillota A
6317:"Zipacnadia"
6272:Deinococcota
6254:Chloroflexia
6143:Opisthokonta
5988:
5984:
5903:
5856:
5852:
5848:
5842:
5830:. Retrieved
5824:
5815:
5803:. Retrieved
5797:
5788:
5776:. Retrieved
5770:
5761:
5749:. Retrieved
5744:
5735:
5700:
5696:
5686:
5659:
5655:
5645:
5626:
5622:
5612:
5577:
5573:
5563:
5555:
5551:
5547:
5541:
5509:(1): 59–65.
5506:
5502:
5492:
5449:
5445:
5435:
5402:
5398:
5388:
5361:
5357:
5347:
5338:
5301:
5298:BMC Genomics
5297:
5287:
5252:
5248:
5239:
5235:
5227:
5192:
5188:
5143:(1): 27–29.
5140:
5136:
5126:
5117:
5107:
5066:
5062:
5056:
5029:
5025:
5015:
4990:
4986:
4976:
4962:cite journal
4945:
4941:
4931:
4904:
4898:
4871:
4867:
4837:
4833:
4827:
4802:
4798:
4748:
4744:
4734:
4709:
4705:
4699:
4662:
4658:
4648:
4613:
4609:
4553:
4549:
4539:
4502:
4499:PLOS Biology
4498:
4488:
4453:
4449:
4443:
4435:
4400:
4396:
4344:
4340:
4330:
4295:
4291:
4281:
4238:
4234:
4223:
4188:
4184:
4174:
4139:
4135:
4125:
4090:
4086:
4076:
4041:
4037:
4027:
3990:
3986:
3976:
3931:
3927:
3917:
3882:
3878:
3868:
3831:
3827:
3817:
3782:
3778:
3768:
3731:
3727:
3688:(1): 18–30.
3685:
3681:
3633:
3629:
3573:
3569:
3511:
3507:
3457:
3453:
3446:
3419:
3415:
3405:
3378:
3374:
3364:
3340:(1): 62–68.
3337:
3333:
3323:
3311:. Retrieved
3307:
3297:
3272:
3268:
3222:
3219:Microbiology
3218:
3208:
3191:
3187:
3184:Malus pumila
3183:
3139:
3135:
3110:
3106:
3100:
3081:
3077:
3035:
3031:
3025:
3002:. Retrieved
2998:
2992:
2918:
2901:
2880:
2877:cabbage tree
2829:A flower of
2799:Phyllody of
2783:
2751:
2679:Symptoms of
2662:
2643:Symptoms of
2593:
2565:JWB; JWB-Ky
2553:
2547:16SrXXXVI-A
2536:P. wodyetiae
2532:
2512:
2500:Elm yellows
2491:
2471:
2450:
2431:
2414:P. tamaricis
2410:
2389:
2368:
2347:
2326:
2314:Rubus stunt
2305:
2284:
2263:
2242:
2219:
2200:
2179:
2158:
2139:
2122:P. palmicola
2118:
2098:
2077:
2056:
2036:
2015:
1994:
1988:16SrXXXII-A
1985:MaPV; MaPVR
1973:
1952:
1943:LfWB; LfWBR
1931:
1914:P. japonicum
1910:
1895:P. hispanola
1891:
1870:
1849:
1837:Ash yellows
1828:
1811:P. fragariae
1807:
1788:
1768:
1747:
1726:
1705:
1686:
1668:
1648:
1640:
1619:
1602:P. castaneae
1598:
1577:
1556:
1537:
1520:P. balanitae
1517:
1513:P. balanitis
1509:
1488:
1468:
1460:
1440:
1432:
1411:
1405:16SrXVIII-A
1390:
1369:
1350:
1341:Type strain
1327:
1236:
1223:
1202:
1181:
1139:
1126:
1105:
1078:" {16SrIII}
1073:
1035:
1022:
987:
936:
919:
889:
876:
848:
819:
810:
800:
760:
732:
720:triplet code
702:
692:
677:
671:
660:
652:
648:
644:
634:
618:
614:Plantibodies
612:
602:
599:
587:
568:
545:
541:tetracycline
533:
513:
497:
495:
476:
464:Cicadellidae
454:
446:Transmission
439:
427:
419:
410:
395:
390:
384:
377:
361:
337:
329:carbohydrate
326:
312:cells), and
287:
259:
235:
191:
171:pleiomorphic
162:
155:
137:Phytoplasmas
136:
135:
122:
121:
44:
24:
18:
7998:iNaturalist
7957:Wikispecies
7933:Phytoplasma
7908:Wikispecies
7903:(2001–2012)
7684:Nitrospiria
7674:Nitrospinia
7652:Myxococcota
7617:Lernaellota
7556:Oligoflexia
7314:Heilongiota
7163:Bacteroidia
7106:"Brocadiia"
7090:Chlamydiota
7021:Spirochaeto
7006:Sumerlaeota
6856:Aerophobota
6690:Thermocalda
6680:Synergistia
6510:"Moorellia"
6432:Clostridiia
6278:Deinococcia
6045:Prokaryotes
5851:in India".
5751:22 November
3851:11336/29605
3275:: 221–255.
3186:) leaves".
3004:21 November
2944:Elm yellows
2831:China Aster
2817:Phytoplasma
2592:vine with "
2454:P. trifolii
2435:P. taraxaca
2401:VPRI 43683
2330:P. sacchari
2246:P. prunorum
2143:P. persicae
2133:16SrXXII-A
2071:16SrXXIX-A
2060:P. omanense
2030:16SrXIII-G
1946:16SrVIII-A
1885:16SrXIII-A
1853:P. graminis
1772:P. dypsidis
1741:16SrXXXI-A
1592:16SrXVII-A
1541:P. bonamiae
1354:P. aculeata
1142:P. sacchari
781:prokaryotes
735:transposons
679:Clostridium
537:antibiotics
440:Arabidopsis
416:leafhoppers
411:Arabidopsis
379:Arabidopsis
352:poinsettias
333:chlorophyll
274:prokaryotes
222:leafhoppers
218:subtropical
175:filamentous
125:Phytoplasma
25:Phytoplasma
8052:Mollicutes
8046:Categories
7765:Holophagia
7664:Polyangiia
7657:Myxococcia
7436:Aquificota
7417:Aquificida
7168:Chlorobiia
7095:Chlamydiia
7036:"Babeliae"
6398:Firmicutes
6332:"Xenobiia"
5859:(7): 990.
5304:(1): 306.
4712:: 91–111.
3113:: 180–183.
2993:Candidatus
2975:References
2879:killed by
2594:Candidatus
2557:P. ziziphi
2475:P. tritici
2425:16SrXXX-A
2372:P. spartii
2362:16SrXII-A
2296:BAWB; BWB
2194:16SrXXI-A
1925:16SrXII-D
1882:MPV; MPVR
1864:16SrXVI-A
1843:16SrVII-A
1832:P. fraxini
1822:16SrXII-E
1762:16SrXIV-A
1720:16SrXII-H
1717:BY-S57/11
1613:16SrXIX-A
1581:P. caricae
1503:16SrXII-B
1423:MIAY; OAY
1415:P. asteris
1328:Candidatus
773:Candidatus
728:stop codon
716:Mollicutes
657:GC content
645:Candidatus
590:repetition
575:bioimaging
468:Fulgoridae
314:fasciation
306:virescence
262:Mollicutes
256:Morphology
206:sandalwood
157:mycoplasma
123:Candidatus
92:Mollicutes
7569:"Binatia"
7440:Aquificia
7148:FCB group
7080:PVC group
6558:CPR group
6414:Bacillota
6138:Amoebozoa
6116:Alveolata
6104:Cryptista
6079:Eukaryota
5596:0020-7713
5466:1092-2172
5419:1345-2630
5007:0032-0862
4840:: 15–22.
2925:virescent
2801:goldenrod
2597:bois noir
2465:16SrVI-A
2351:P. solani
2341:16SrXI-B
2299:16SrXX-A
2288:P. rhamni
2235:16SrIII-A
2173:16SrIX-B
2112:16SrIV-D
2102:P. palmae
2092:16SrXI-A
2081:P. oryzae
2027:ChTY-Mo3
2019:P. meliae
1935:P. luffae
1782:16SrIV-?
1738:SoyST1c1
1662:16SrII-B
1634:16SrXI-E
1623:P. cirsii
1571:16SrXV-A
1482:16SrII-D
1454:16SrVI-I
1199:16SrVIII
939:P. solani
866:16SrXIII
763:monotypic
747:stem-loop
695:metabolic
668:kilobases
637:sequenced
487:hemolymph
483:intestine
472:Psyllidae
407:jasmonate
278:cytoplasm
226:replicate
202:sugarcane
194:pathogens
177:shape, a
167:cell wall
143:of plant
7942:Wikidata
7897:Source:
7564:Binatota
7031:Babelota
6840:BV2, BV4
6420:Bacillia
6133:Amorphea
6111:Rhizaria
6099:Hacrobia
6089:Excavata
6074:Bacteria
6049:Bacteria
6007:18944842
5925:Archived
5913:Archived
5873:30708921
5727:32701423
5678:17684271
5533:12057877
5525:16436062
5427:46180540
5380:18944709
5330:18582369
5279:18359806
5219:16672622
5159:14661021
5099:46249624
5048:18944841
4890:15553243
4819:16226054
4777:16537517
4726:16332205
4691:27446117
4640:21849514
4588:26179462
4531:24714165
4480:26103992
4427:24597566
4371:21849514
4322:28132837
4273:21798943
4215:30165491
4166:30047227
4117:27279277
4068:27037957
4019:22065743
3968:22615404
3909:22718775
3860:25053833
3809:24552625
3760:22065743
3704:19061399
3660:23784461
3608:25492247
3576:: 7399.
3548:19329488
3482:11228113
3438:18943864
3397:21605209
3356:16404954
3289:11018129
3241:10463160
3166:18705857
3054:15280299
2991:"Genus "
2933:See also
2837:symptoms
2835:phyllody
2833:showing
2747:Phyllody
2649:marigold
2568:16SrV-B
2526:16SrV-?
2516:P. vitis
2506:16SrV-A
2485:16SrI-C
2444:16SrIII
2383:16SrX-D
2356:Stolbur
2320:16SrV-E
2278:16SrX-C
2257:16SrX-B
2254:ESFY-G1
2223:P. pruni
2152:16SrXII
2009:16SrX-A
1967:16SrI-Y
1779:RID7692
1759:BGWL-C1
1644:P. citri
1568:HibWB26
1531:16SrV-F
1426:16SrI-B
1076:P. pruni
909:16SrXII
777:bacteria
757:Taxonomy
688:plasmids
686:such as
673:Bacillus
631:Genetics
539:such as
504:grafting
461:families
436:MADS-box
294:phyllody
284:Symptoms
266:membrane
238:mulberry
214:tropical
210:cannabis
179:diameter
163:in vitro
108:Family:
78:Phylum:
72:Bacteria
68:Domain:
41:Phyllody
7990:3226099
7948:Q132782
7692:SAR324
6948:Clade 2
6848:Clade 1
6567:Elulota
6148:Animals
6069:Archaea
5718:7723251
5604:7857801
5484:9841667
5321:2459194
5270:2395047
5210:1482866
5091:5663807
5071:Bibcode
5063:Science
4768:1449679
4682:4917533
4665:: 885.
4631:3192582
4579:4623417
4558:Bibcode
4522:3979655
4471:4528741
4418:4282529
4362:3192582
4313:5314207
4264:3170753
4243:Bibcode
4235:Science
4206:6255702
4157:6638060
4108:5301940
4059:6638208
4010:3228479
3959:3386116
3936:Bibcode
3900:3425195
3800:4235307
3751:3228479
3651:3729778
3599:4261181
3578:Bibcode
3539:2669400
3516:Bibcode
3474:9035146
3157:6640453
2815:Soybean
2698:Brinjal
2631:disease
2575:Gallery
2495:P. ulmi
2309:P. rubi
2267:P. pyri
2183:P. pini
2089:RYD-Th
1998:P. mali
1902:16SrIV
1697:16SrIV
1363:16SrIV
1116:16SrXI
1102:16SrIX
1012:16SrII
807:Species
712:operons
596:Control
564:species
560:strains
524:solutes
499:Cuscuta
459:of the
457:insects
391:in vivo
318:sterile
302:flowers
290:symptom
270:protein
246:viruses
232:History
198:coconut
152:vectors
118:Genus:
98:Order:
88:Class:
8029:820498
8003:479641
7977:1PHYPG
7857:others
7731:others
6406:Low GC
6186:others
6126:Plants
6063:Domain
6005:
5871:
5832:10 May
5805:10 May
5778:10 May
5747:. 2020
5725:
5715:
5676:
5602:
5594:
5554:April
5531:
5523:
5482:
5472:
5464:
5425:
5417:
5378:
5328:
5318:
5277:
5267:
5217:
5207:
5167:572757
5165:
5157:
5097:
5089:
5046:
5005:
4919:
4888:
4817:
4775:
4765:
4724:
4689:
4679:
4638:
4628:
4586:
4576:
4529:
4519:
4478:
4468:
4425:
4415:
4369:
4359:
4320:
4310:
4271:
4261:
4213:
4203:
4164:
4154:
4115:
4105:
4066:
4056:
4017:
4007:
3966:
3956:
3907:
3897:
3858:
3807:
3797:
3758:
3748:
3702:
3658:
3648:
3606:
3596:
3546:
3536:
3480:
3472:
3436:
3395:
3354:
3313:20 May
3287:
3239:
3164:
3154:
3052:
2927:petals
2898:bamboo
2752:Cosmos
2482:WBD R
2380:SpaWB
1861:SCYLP
1631:CirYS
1381:AlloY
1213:16SrV
718:, the
579:titers
479:stylet
374:onions
369:C0H5W6
208:, and
187:genome
149:insect
145:phloem
8016:33926
6153:Fungi
5529:S2CID
5475:98941
5423:S2CID
5245:(PDF)
5163:S2CID
5095:S2CID
3478:S2CID
2923:with
2590:grape
2523:none
2338:SCGS
2211:none
2068:IM-1
2006:AP15
1922:none
1799:none
1659:WBDL
1610:CnWB
1548:none
1528:none
1500:none
1479:PpYC
1140:"Ca.
1074:"Ca.
937:"Ca.
920:"Ca.
793:RFLPs
766:order
548:ELISA
429:PHYL1
340:bushy
310:petal
242:Japan
8011:NCBI
7985:GBIF
7972:EPPO
6584:ABY1
6003:PMID
5904:2007
5869:PMID
5834:2023
5807:2023
5780:2023
5753:2021
5723:PMID
5674:PMID
5600:PMID
5592:ISSN
5556:1993
5521:PMID
5480:PMID
5462:ISSN
5415:ISSN
5376:PMID
5326:PMID
5275:PMID
5215:PMID
5155:PMID
5087:PMID
5044:PMID
5003:ISSN
4968:link
4917:ISBN
4886:PMID
4815:PMID
4773:PMID
4722:PMID
4687:PMID
4636:PMID
4584:PMID
4527:PMID
4476:PMID
4423:PMID
4367:PMID
4318:PMID
4269:PMID
4211:PMID
4162:PMID
4113:PMID
4064:PMID
4015:PMID
3964:PMID
3905:PMID
3856:PMID
3805:PMID
3756:PMID
3700:PMID
3656:PMID
3604:PMID
3544:PMID
3470:PMID
3434:PMID
3393:PMID
3352:PMID
3315:2023
3285:PMID
3237:PMID
3162:PMID
3050:PMID
3006:2021
2754:spp.
2503:EY1
2317:RuS
2275:PD1
1964:THP
1589:PAY
737:and
709:rRNA
622:are
573:and
562:and
431:PnWB
342:or "
298:leaf
216:and
169:, a
139:are
7409:BV2
6402:BV3
5993:doi
5861:doi
5713:PMC
5705:doi
5664:doi
5631:doi
5582:doi
5511:doi
5507:255
5470:PMC
5454:doi
5407:doi
5366:doi
5316:PMC
5306:doi
5265:PMC
5257:doi
5253:190
5240:Ca.
5236:Ca.
5205:PMC
5197:doi
5193:188
5145:doi
5079:doi
5067:161
5034:doi
4995:doi
4950:doi
4909:doi
4876:doi
4842:doi
4838:133
4807:doi
4763:PMC
4753:doi
4749:103
4714:doi
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