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was coined in 1810. Whether it has any validity at all as a generic label in the
Spanish sixteenth and seventeenth centuries—Cervantes certainly used "picaresque" with a different meaning than it has today—has been called into question. There is unresolved debate within Hispanic studies about what
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by
Apuleius nevertheless remains, according to different scholars such as F. W. Chandler, A. Marasso, T. Somerville and T. Bodenmüller, the primary antecedent influence for the picaresque genre. Subsequently, following the example of Spanish writers, the genre flourished throughout Europe for more
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In the
English-speaking world, the term "picaresque" is often used loosely to refer to novels that contain some elements of this genre; e.g. an episodic recounting of adventures on the road. The term is also sometimes used to describe works which only contain some of the genre's elements, such as
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attacks. Moreover, argues Rico, the structure of the novel is radically different from previous works of the picaresque genre: Quevedo uses the conventions of the picaresque as a mere vehicle to show off his abilities with conceit and rhetoric, rather than to construct a satirical critique of
800:(1722) are considered picaresque, but they lack the sense of religious redemption of delinquency that was very important in Spanish and German novels. The triumph of Moll Flanders is more economic than moral. While the mores of the early 18th century wouldn't permit Moll to be a heroine
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character, he is an alienated outsider, whose ability to expose and ridicule individuals compromised within society gives him a revolutionary stance. Lázaro states that the motivation for his writing is to communicate his experiences of overcoming deception, hypocrisy, and falsehood
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also suggests the influence of medieval Slavic tales of tricksters, thieves, itinerant prostitutes, and brigands, who were common figures in the impoverished areas bordering on
Germany to the west. When diplomatic ties to Germany and Spain were established under the emperor
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In order to understand the historical context that led to the development of these paradigmatic picaresque novels in Spain during the 16th and 17th centuries, it is essential to take into consideration the circumstances surrounding the lives of
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As narrator of his own adventures, Lázaro seeks to portray himself as the victim of both his ancestry and his circumstance. This means of appealing to the compassion of the reader would be directly challenged by later picaresque novels such as
283:
According to the traditional view of Thrall and
Hibbard (first published in 1936), seven qualities distinguish the picaresque novel or narrative form, all or some of which an author may employ for effect:
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is considered to have considerable picaresque elements. Having been published in 1590, it is contemporary with much of the above—but is unlikely to have been directly influenced by the
European genre.
1321:. It follows the adventures of Ignatius J. Reilly, a well-educated but lazy and obese slob, as he attempts to find stable employment in New Orleans and meets many colorful characters along the way.
1290:
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are based on Arabic folktales that were well known to the
Moorish inhabitants of Spain. The Arabic influence may account for the negative portrayal of priests and other church officials in
675:(1604 according to Francisco Rico; the exact date is uncertain, yet it was certainly a very early work) is considered the absolute masterpiece of the genre by A. A. Parker, because of his
928:. The character conducts business of uneven honesty around Europe before returning home to get into politics and newspaper publishing. Bay Ganyo is a well-known stereotype in Bulgaria.
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from the picaresque novel, that most of these are funny, and they all have protagonists who are outsiders by their nature. His list of picaresque novels includes
Petronius' novel
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tells the story of a kind, but hedonistic and scheming ex soldier who ends up tricking God, the Devil, and the Grim Reaper so that he can sneak into Heaven to party forever.
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1609:), entitled "Tiempo de pícaros" (Time of rascals) focuses on Lazarillo de Tormes as a young boy prior to his adventures in the genre-creating novel that bears his name. The
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in which a wandering vagabond makes his living on the gifts his listeners give him following his extemporaneous displays of rhetoric, erudition, or verse, often done with a
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is
Germany's version of the picaresque novel; it is an "entertaining story of the adventures of the hero, but there is also often a serious aspect to the story."
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786:(1594) in which a court page, Jack Wilson, exposes the underclass life in a string of European cities through lively, often brutal descriptions. The body of
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The
History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews, and of His Friend Mr. Abraham Adams. Written in Imitation of the Manner of Cervantes, Author of Don Quixote
2946:
1135:, named Kvachi Kvachantiradze: womanizer, cheat, perpetrator of insurance fraud, bank-robber, associate of Rasputin, filmmaker, revolutionary, and pimp.
780:(1715) is a classic example of the genre, which in France had declined into an aristocratic adventure. In Britain, the first example is Thomas Nashe's
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had a relevant influence on the picaresque genre and are considered predecessors. Other notable early Spanish contributors to the genre included
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1619:(2022) has been called "somewhat anhedonic post-internet picaresque," though it is the protagonist, rather than the society, that is corrupt.
683:, rejects Parker's view, contending instead that the protagonist, Don Pablos, is a unrealistic character, simply a means for Quevedo to launch
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the term means, or meant, and which works were, or should be, so called. The only work clearly called "picaresque" by its contemporaries was
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Canton, James; Cleary, Helen; Kramer, Ann; Laxby, Robin; Loxley, Diana; Ripley, Esther; Todd, Megan; Shaghar, Hila; Valente, Alex (2016).
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first starts to appear in Spain with the current meaning in 1545, though at the time it had no association with literature. The word
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in the main character. Once a pícaro, always a pícaro. Their circumstances may change but these rarely result in a change of heart.
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Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature. Merriam-Webster, Incorporated, Publishers. Springfield, Massachusetts, 1995. Page 3.
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The protagonist, Lázaro, lives by his wits in an effort to survive and succeed in an impoverished country full of hypocrisy. As a
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329:. Carefree or immoral rascality positions the picaresque hero as a sympathetic outsider, untouched by the false rules of society.
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Halevi-Wise, Yael (2011). "The Life and Times of the Pícaro Converso from Spain to Latin America". In Halevi-Wise, Yael (ed.).
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The Spanish novels were read and imitated in other European countries where their influence can be found. In Germany,
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905:(1844) recounts the rise and fall of an Irish arriviste conniving his way into the 18th-century English aristocracy.
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and possessed a literary tradition with similar themes, is thus another possible influence on the picaresque style.
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756:(1669), considered the most important of non-Spanish picaresque novels. It describes the devastation caused by the
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The main character is often of low character or social class. They get by with wits and rarely deign to hold a job.
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718:(1613; "Colloquy of the Dogs")". "Cervantes also incorporated elements of the picaresque into his greatest novel,
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1515:(2008) features a young, one-handed orphan who craves a family, and finds one in a group of rogues and misfits.
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204:. Although the term "picaresque novel" was coined in 1810, the picaresque genre began with the Spanish novel
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magazine and Modern Library editors as one of the greatest English-language novels of the 20th century. See
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655:(1599), characterized by religiosity. Guzmán de Alfarache is a fictional character who lived in the city of
980:(1759) contains elements of the picaresque. An interesting variation on the tradition of the picaresque is
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s revolutionary stance, as an alienated outsider who nevertheless constructs his own self and his world").
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185:, who lives by his wits in a corrupt society. Picaresque novels typically adopt the form of "an episodic
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1229:(1954), which like many novels emphasizes the theme of a charmingly roguish ascent in the social order.
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447:. It is variously considered either the first picaresque novel or at least the antecedent of the genre.
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was a devoted fan of picaresque novels, and gave a series of lectures involving the topic in 1979 at
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has described as a "quasi-picaresque narrative". Here the hero is not a rogue but a foolish knight.
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609:(composed in the first decade of the 17th century and first published in 1626) because the idea of
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Al-Maqamat al-luzumiyah, by Abu-l-Tahir Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Tamimi al-Saraqus'i ibn al-Astarkuwi
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have a picaresque feel and may have contributed to the style, the modern picaresque begins with
262:(1626). Some other ancient influences of the picaresque genre include Roman playwrights such as
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944:. The English-language term can simply refer to an episodic recounting of the adventures of an
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397:(1599–1604), which they considered "El libro del pícaro" (English: "The Book of the Pícaro").
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style and the study of delinquent psychology. However, a different school of thought, led by
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The Picaresque Novel in Western Literature: From the Sixteenth Century to the Neopicaresque
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Boruchoff, David A. (2009). "Free Will, the Picaresque, and the Exemplarity of Cervantes's
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Ricapito, Joseph V. (1978). "The Golden Ass of Apuleius and the Spanish Picaresque Novel".
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Der Schelmenroman in Russland: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Russischen Romans vor Gogol
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than 200 years and it continues to have an influence on modern literature and fiction.
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borrows the figure of the parasite and the supple slave. Other traits are taken from
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Las aventuras, desventuras y sueños de Adonis García, el vampiro de la colonia Roma
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Literature and the delinquent: the picaresque novel in Spain and Europe, 1599–1753
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La novela picaresca: Concepto genérico y evolución del género (siglos XVI y XVII)
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Weitzman, Erica (2006). "Imperium Stupidum: Švejk, Satire, Sabotage, Sabotage".
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in the development of the picaresque novel in 16th- and 17th-century Spain, see
1471:(1923) is an example of a work from Central Europe that has picaresque elements.
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804:, Defoe hardly disguises his admiration for her resilience and resourcefulness.
724:(1605, 1615)", the "single most important progenitor of the modern novel", that
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Spanish Loanwords in the English Language: a tendency towards hegemony reversal
859:(1749), though Fielding attributed his style to an "imitation of the manner of
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569:'s touch. Ibn al-Astarkuwi or al-Ashtarkuni (d.1134) also wrote in the genre
559:(d.1008) of Hamadhan (Iran) is credited with inventing the literary genre of
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In the English-speaking world, the term "picaresque" has referred more to a
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302:. The story is told in a series of loosely connected adventures or episodes.
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is the master of the 19th-century English picaresque. His best-known work,
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published in 1924. This is, in brief, the story of a swindler, a Georgian
531:, which he published sometime in the 2nd century AD. (ms. Vat. Lat. 2194,
17:
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Textual confrontations: comparative readings in Latin American literature
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The sixth episode of Season 1 of the Spanish fantasy television series,
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Approaches to teaching Lazarillo de Tormes and the picaresque tradition
2377:"The neopicaresque: The picaresque myth in the twentieth-century novel"
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1945:
Approaches to teaching Lazarillo de Tormes and the picaresque tradition
1610:
1075: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1908:
The Cambridge Companion to the Spanish Novel: From 1600 to the Present
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Sephardism: Spanish Jewish History in the Modern Literary Imagination
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Fernández, Teodosio (2001). "Sobre la picaresca en Hispanoamérica".
1201:(1953) were also among mid-twentieth-century picaresque literature.
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credited by modern scholars with founding the genre. The expression
30:"Picaresque" redirects here. For the album by the Decemberists, see
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3665:
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1905:
Turner, Harriet; López de Martínez, Adelaida (11 September 2003).
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760:. Grimmelshausen's novel has been called an example of the German
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516:
443:, which at the time was under Spanish rule as a major city in the
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El Género Picaresco: La Novela Picaresca Española y Su Influencia
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Rogue's Progress: Studies in the Picaresque Novel by Robert Alter
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beginning in 1558, also has much in common with the picaresque.
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The art of Badi'u 'l-Zaman al-Hamadhani as picaresque narrative
521:
One of the most influential novels on the picaresque genre was
1044:
589:, these tales began to be read in Italian translations in the
36:
2004:
The life of Lazarillo de Tormes: his fortunes and adversities
1291:
The Life and Extraordinary Adventures of Private Ivan Chonkin
325:
The behavior of a picaresque protagonist stops just short of
2954:
2412:
A Study of the Picaresque Novel in Twentieth-Century America
480:. Lázaro shares some of the traits of the central figure of
2383:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 247–268,
891:(1678) — follows the career of fortune-hunting adventuress
312:
The pícaro's story is told with a plainness of language or
27:
Genre of prose fiction featuring "rascal"-like protagonists
1539:. It was co-produced with Spain, where it was released as
940:
or model than to the precise genre that the Spanish call
2657:"Review of "The First Book of Lankhmar" by Fritz Leiber"
2504:"Class On Creative Reading – William S. Burroughs – 2/3"
2375:
Godsland, Shelley (2015), Garrido Ardila, J. A. (ed.),
1211:(1944) tells amusing tales about New Zealand folk hero
1037:(1884) also has some elements of the picaresque novel.
706:
wrote several works "in the picaresque manner, notably
1354:
in Colorado. He says it is impossible to separate the
1409:
In contemporary Latin American literature, there are
2891:
Meyer-Minnemann, Klaus and Sabine Schlickers (eds),
1569:, the film is freely inspired by the Spanish novels
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faith was subjected to close scrutiny and mistrust.
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2158:(7th ed.). Harcourt Brace. 1985. p. 191.
1215:(1840–1927) surviving by his wits and beating the '
957:
The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman
210:(1554), which was published anonymously during the
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2902:, Karlsruhe, ZKM: Center for Art and Media, 2016.
1983:
1981:
181:of a roguish but "appealing hero", usually of low
143:The picaresque genre began with the Spanish novel
2950:. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). pp. 576–579.
2847:Rogue's progress: studies in the picaresque novel
222:published during the 1st–2nd century AD, such as
2445:"With Baudolino, Eco Returns to Romance Writing"
1853:. Vol. 26. pp. 203–219. Archived from
1732:(3/4). University of Pennsylvania Press: 77–85.
1274:Other examples from the 1960s and 1970s include
551:, which was read widely in Spain in the time of
2739:""Wait! What? Aladdin is a Picaro?" by unknown"
2188:. Stanford University Press. pp. 143–167.
2081:S. Rodzevich, "K istorii russkogo romantizma",
1259:(1960) is a picaresque novel that parodies the
986:(1824), a satirical view on early 19th-century
2569:(2). University of California Press: 117–148.
2178:For an overview of scholarship on the role of
1007:Elements of the picaresque novel are found in
963:A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy
881:(1847–1848) — a title ironically derived from
850:The Life and Death of Jonathan Wild, the Great
764:(which literally means "adventure novel"). An
2970:
2708:Roberto Chiti; Roberto Poppi; Enrico Lancia.
2259:The Journal of English and Germanic Philology
1591:(1992) can be considered a picaresque story.
966:(1768) each have strong picaresque elements.
427:, which was published anonymously in 1554 in
288:A picaresque narrative is usually written in
8:
2415:(Master thesis). Wisconsin State University.
1795:, Vol. 17, No. 3/4 (1963/1964), pp. 352–357.
2879:El género picaresco en la crítica literaria
739:whose ancestors had been Jewish, and whose
573:, comparable to later European picaresque.
2977:
2963:
2955:
2820:. Modern Language Association of America.
2606:"The First & Second Books of Lankhmar"
2222:] (in German). Nuremberg: J. Fillion.
2537:
2356:(in German). Berlin: Freien Universität.
2035:Fouad Al-Mounir, "The Muslim Heritage of
1091:Learn how and when to remove this message
748:Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
2253:Paulson, Ronald (1965). "Reviewed Work:
462:The character type draws on elements of
196:style. There are often some elements of
2338:
2336:
2298:The title page of the first edition of
1806:Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary
1675:
1021:occasionally used the technique, as in
983:The Adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispahan
3648:Types of fiction with multiple endings
2059:(American University of Beirut c1983).
2797:. Norman Maccoll lecture. Edinburgh:
1750:Thrall, William and Addison Hibbard.
1535:was released under the Italian title
1249:(1959) is a German picaresque novel.
994:. Another novel on the same theme is
856:The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling
7:
2793:Parker, Alexander Augustine (1967).
1793:Nueva Revista de Filología Hispánica
1754:. The Odyssey Press, New York. 1960.
1073:adding citations to reliable sources
65:adding citations to reliable sources
2898:Klein, Norman M. and Margo Bistis,
2466:Sanderson, Mark (4 November 2003).
2451:. 11 September 2000. Archived from
1267:by intentionally incorrectly using
895:, her progress echoing the earlier
878:Vanity Fair: A Novel Without a Hero
808:Works with some picaresque elements
510:are rare surviving samples of the "
2855:"Does the Picaresque Novel Exist?"
2631:"1990: Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser"
2085:, 77 (1917), 194–237 (in Russian).
1844:"Does the Picaresque Novel Exist?"
1819:Rodríguez González, Félix (1996).
1457:Works influenced by the picaresque
1161:) became classics of 20th-century
932:Works influenced by the picaresque
885:'s Puritan allegory of redemption
841:proved his mastery of the form in
25:
4051:Third-person omniscient narrative
2881:, Madrid: Biblioteca Nueva, 2008.
2215:Der abentheurliche Simplicissimus
322:is sometimes a prominent element.
149:(1554) (Pictured: Its title page)
2913:
2342:"Picaresque", Britannica online.
2043:vol. 8, no. 2 (1983), pp. 16–17.
1877:. Clo Iar-Chonnacht. p. 6.
1629:
1307:Examples from the 1980s include
1049:
576:The curious presence of Russian
413:While elements of literature by
41:
2895:, Madrid, Iberoamericana, 2008.
2317:"Picaresque novel | literature"
2144:"Picaresque", Britannica online
1789:"Para la etimología de pícaro".
1485:James Tait Black Memorial Prize
1060:needs additional citations for
292:as an autobiographical account.
52:needs additional citations for
3439:Conflict between good and evil
2884:Garrido Ardila, Juan Antonio,
2877:Garrido Ardila, Juan Antonio,
2710:Dizionario del cinema italiano
2220:The adventurous Simplicissimus
1990:La vida de Lazarillo de Tormes
1034:Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
218:content. Literary works from
1:
2941:"Picaresque Novel, The"
2888:, Madrid: Visor libros, 2009.
2886:La novela picaresca en Europa
2871:10.1080/03648664.1979.9926339
2502:NewThinkable (7 March 2013).
2083:Russky Filologichesky Vestnik
2068:Monroe, James T. translator,
1531:film written and directed by
1370:(1594) by Thomas Nashe, both
1194:The Adventures of Augie March
617:as a victim clashed with the
173:' or 'rascal') is a genre of
2156:A Glossary of Literary Terms
1874:The History of Éamon O'Clery
1477:made use of the form in his
1178:The Family of Pascual Duarte
2468:"The picaresque, in detail"
2442:As expressed by the author
2288:. Cambridge: Belknap Press.
1824:, p. 36. Walter de Gruyter.
873:William Makepeace Thackeray
4298:
2900:The Imaginary 20th Century
2859:Kentucky Romance Quarterly
2853:Eisenberg, Daniel (1979).
2799:Edinburgh University Press
2743:onthewarside.wordpress.com
2637:. Epic Comics. 27 May 2020
2604:Thompson, William (2014).
2210:Grimmelshausen, H. J. Chr.
1987:Chaytor, Henry John (1922)
1913:Cambridge University Press
1851:Kentucky Romance Quarterly
1500:Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser
1319:Pulitzer Prize for Fiction
1226:Confessions of Felix Krull
908:The 1880 Romanian novella
823:The classic Chinese novel
539:The principal episodes of
29:
4078:Stream of unconsciousness
3609:Falling action/Catastasis
2689:. Tumblr. 14 January 2021
2575:10.1525/lal.2006.18.2.117
2352:Striedter, Jurij (1961).
2302:lists its full title as:
2284:Schmidt, Michael (2014).
1871:Seán Ó Neachtain (2000).
1726:Revista Hispánica Moderna
1683:Oxford English Dictionary
1543:, and internationally as
1367:The Unfortunate Traveller
1167:numerous film adaptations
1165:satire and the basis for
926:eponymous Bulgarian rogue
783:The Unfortunate Traveller
753:Simplicius Simplicissimus
715:El coloquio de los perros
3446:Self-fulfilling prophecy
2936:Fitzmaurice-Kelly, James
2723:Leonardo De Franceschi.
2712:. Gremese Editore, 1991.
2409:Deters, Mary E. (1969).
1769:dictionary.cambridge.org
1752:A Handbook to Literature
1602:El ministerio del tiempo
1433:Hasta no verte Jesús mío
902:The Luck of Barry Lyndon
657:San Juan de Aznalfarache
4073:Stream of consciousness
3536:Suspension of disbelief
2947:Encyclopædia Britannica
2321:Encyclopedia Britannica
1650:Becky Sharp (character)
1379:A Voice Through a Cloud
1324:Later examples include
1314:A Confederacy of Dunces
1208:Shining with the Shiner
1143:(1928) and its sequel,
1131:, or perhaps a cynical
1041:20th and 21st centuries
834:18th and 19th centuries
637:Title page of the book
305:There is little if any
3614:Denouement/Catastrophe
3595:Rising action/Epitasis
2814:Cruz, Anne J. (2008).
2286:The Novel: A Biography
2072:. Leiden: Brill, 2002.
1942:Cruz, Anne J. (2008).
1483:(1929), which won the
1468:The Good Soldier Švejk
1453:(2017), among others.
1404:Louis-Ferdinand Céline
1146:The Little Golden Calf
1115:
888:The Pilgrim's Progress
709:Rinconete y Cortadillo
642:
536:
535:) (1345 illustration).
439:in Spain, and also in
298:There is little or no
150:
3960:Utopian and dystopian
2922:at Wikimedia Commons
2019:Le Satyricon: Pétrone
1810:Merriam-Webster, Inc.
1344:(Booker Prize 2008).
1217:Protestant work ethic
1125:Mikheil Javakhishvili
1120:Kvachi Kvachantiradze
1106:
918:wrote the 1895 novel
812:The autobiography of
636:
520:
307:character development
142:
3514:Narrative techniques
3294:Story within a story
3106:Supporting character
2725:Lo sguardo eclettico
2513:– via YouTube.
2455:on 6 September 2006.
2016:Martin, René (1999)
1607:The Ministry of Time
1406:, and even himself.
1348:William S. Burroughs
1301:The Year of the Hare
1069:improve this article
899:. His earlier novel
667:Francisco de Quevedo
645:An early example is
344:(1605 and 1615), or
254:Francisco de Quevedo
61:improve this article
4219:Political narrative
4061:Unreliable narrator
3918:Speculative fiction
3626:Nonlinear narrative
3574:Three-act structure
3434:Deal with the Devil
2037:Lazarillo de Tormes
1965:MacAdam, Alfred J.
1697:The Literature Book
1578:Guzman de Alfarache
1572:Lazarillo de Tormes
1541:Los alegres pícaros
1480:The Good Companions
1256:The Sot-Weed Factor
1157:(together known as
1014:The Pickwick Papers
826:Journey to the West
704:Miguel de Cervantes
652:Guzmán de Alfarache
639:Guzmán de Alfarache
629:Other initial works
600:Guzmán de Alfarache
580:in the text of the
466:already present in
445:Spanish Netherlands
424:Lazarillo de Tormes
407:Lazarillo de Tormes
394:Guzmán de Alfarache
375:Lazarillo de Tormes
372:does not appear in
351:The Pickwick Papers
336:Miguel de Cervantes
249:Guzmán de Alfarache
207:Lazarillo de Tormes
146:Lazarillo de Tormes
4197:Narrative paradigm
4192:Narrative identity
4122:Dominant narrative
4068:Multiple narrators
3352:Fictional location
3195:Dramatic structure
2563:Law and Literature
2115:10.1353/mln.0.0121
2097:Novelas ejemplares
2041:The Maghreb Review
1567:Giancarlo Giannini
1497:series of novels,
1389:Two Serious Ladies
1309:John Kennedy Toole
1286:Vladimir Voinovich
1116:
938:literary technique
916:Aleko Konstantinov
772:Alain-René Le Sage
698:Spanish Golden Age
643:
537:
419:Giovanni Boccaccio
212:Spanish Golden Age
151:
76:"Picaresque novel"
32:Picaresque (album)
4277:Adventure fiction
4272:Picaresque novels
4259:
4258:
4202:Narrative therapy
3636:television series
3581:Freytag's Pyramid
3424:Moral development
3327:Alternate history
3037:False protagonist
2918:Media related to
2827:978-1-60329-016-6
2745:. 30 October 2015
2727:. Marsilio, 2001.
2687:The Outcast Rogue
2663:. 8 November 2012
2390:978-1-107-03165-4
2195:978-0-8047-7746-9
1922:978-0-521-77815-2
1884:978-1-902420-35-6
1840:Eisenberg, Daniel
1710:978-1-4654-2988-9
1655:Fool's literature
1495:sword and sorcery
1429:Elena Poniatowska
1352:Naropa University
1140:The Twelve Chairs
1101:
1100:
1093:
814:Benvenuto Cellini
758:Thirty Years' War
613:used to cast the
603:(1599/1604) and
591:Iberian Peninsula
549:Arabic literature
437:Alcalá de Henares
177:. It depicts the
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
4289:
4182:Literary science
3725:Narrative poetry
3621:Linear narrative
3531:Stylistic device
3526:Show, don't tell
3489:Figure of speech
3279:Shaggy dog story
3022:Characterization
2979:
2972:
2965:
2956:
2951:
2943:
2931:
2920:Picaresque novel
2917:
2874:
2831:
2810:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2750:
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2463:
2457:
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2449:The Modern World
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2014:
2008:
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1985:
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1934:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1860:on June 5, 2019.
1859:
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1721:
1715:
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1692:
1686:
1680:
1639:
1634:
1633:
1605:(English title:
1559:Enrico Montesano
1551:Vittorio Gassman
1451:Un hijo de perra
1281:The Painted Bird
1269:literary devices
1261:historical novel
1173:Camilo José Cela
1096:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1076:
1053:
1045:
960:(1761–1767) and
619:Catholic Revival
468:Roman literature
464:characterization
433:Medina del Campo
415:Geoffrey Chaucer
384:picaresque novel
252:(1599–1604) and
155:picaresque novel
132:
125:
121:
118:
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110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
4297:
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4292:
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4282:Literary genres
4262:
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4260:
4255:
4187:Literary theory
4127:Fiction writing
4110:
4082:
4017:
3769:
3761:
3652:
3550:
3455:
3390:
3313:
3184:Deus ex machina
3125:
3111:Title character
3096:Stock character
3042:Focal character
2988:
2983:
2934:
2929:
2911:
2852:
2838:
2836:Further reading
2828:
2813:
2792:
2789:
2784:
2774:
2772:
2771:. February 2022
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2498:Wayback Machine
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1703:. p. 342.
1694:
1693:
1689:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1645:Adventure novel
1635:
1628:
1625:
1597:
1563:Giuliana De Sio
1533:Mario Monicelli
1522:
1475:J. B. Priestley
1459:
1421:Joaquín Edwards
1399:Death on Credit
1341:The White Tiger
1296:Arto Paasilinna
1097:
1086:
1080:
1077:
1066:
1054:
1043:
1009:Charles Dickens
952:Laurence Sterne
934:
836:
810:
788:Tobias Smollett
631:
533:Vatican Library
411:
409:and its sources
403:
360:
346:Charles Dickens
281:
214:because of its
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122:
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68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
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4253:
4251:Verisimilitude
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4154:Parallel novel
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3796:Action fiction
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3274:Self-insertion
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3259:Poetic justice
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2783:
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2765:"False Profit"
2756:
2730:
2715:
2700:
2683:"we ARE Rogue"
2674:
2648:
2622:
2596:
2553:
2528:(in Spanish).
2516:
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2300:Joseph Andrews
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2109:(2): 372–403.
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1915:. p. 15.
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1616:Inventing Anna
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1512:The Good Thief
1504:
1488:
1472:
1463:Jaroslav Hašek
1458:
1455:
1416:Hijo de ladrón
1276:Jerzy Kosinski
1159:Ilf and Petrov
1155:Yevgeni Petrov
1123:is a novel by
1099:
1098:
1057:
1055:
1048:
1042:
1039:
1002:Wilkie Collins
997:A Rogue's Life
933:
930:
844:Joseph Andrews
839:Henry Fielding
835:
832:
809:
806:
766:abenteuerroman
762:abenteuerroman
681:Francisco Rico
630:
627:
524:The Golden Ass
504:The Golden Ass
499:The Golden Ass
410:
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272:The Golden Ass
235:The Golden Ass
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4236:Screenwriting
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4062:
4059:
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4048:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4041:Second-person
4039:
4037:
4034:
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4029:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4020:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
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3999:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
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3973:
3970:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
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3951:
3948:
3946:
3945:Magic realism
3943:
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3921:
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3899:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3876:Psychological
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3856:Philosophical
3854:
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3799:
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3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3781:Autobiography
3779:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3768:
3764:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3720:Narrative art
3718:
3716:
3713:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3678:Flash fiction
3676:
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3598:
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3593:
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3582:
3579:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3569:Act structure
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3407:
3405:
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3399:
3397:
3393:
3387:
3386:Worldbuilding
3384:
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3333:
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3297:
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3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3233:Kishōtenketsu
3230:
3228:
3227:
3226:In medias res
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3205:Foreshadowing
3203:
3201:
3200:Eucatastrophe
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3163:Chekhov's gun
3161:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3137:
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3134:
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3128:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
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3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3053:
3052:Gothic double
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3032:Deuteragonist
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3012:Character arc
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2987:
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2975:
2973:
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2800:
2796:
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2716:
2711:
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2688:
2684:
2678:
2675:
2662:
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2649:
2636:
2632:
2626:
2623:
2611:
2607:
2600:
2597:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2557:
2554:
2549:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2520:
2517:
2505:
2499:
2495:
2489:
2486:
2473:
2469:
2462:
2459:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2439:
2436:
2432:
2431:Under the Net
2428:
2422:
2419:
2414:
2413:
2405:
2402:
2392:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2371:
2368:
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2256:
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2240:
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2234:
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2225:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2205:
2202:
2197:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2175:
2172:
2167:
2165:0-03-054982-5
2161:
2157:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2140:
2137:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2078:
2075:
2071:
2065:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2013:
2010:
2007:(1962) p. 18.
2006:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1962:
1959:
1952:
1948:
1946:
1939:
1936:
1924:
1918:
1914:
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1909:
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1898:
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1712:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1676:
1670:
1666:
1665:Milesian tale
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1637:Novels portal
1632:
1627:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1603:
1595:In television
1594:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1555:Nino Manfredi
1552:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1519:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1505:
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1418:
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1407:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1374:
1373:Maiden Voyage
1369:
1368:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1336:Aravind Adiga
1333:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1292:
1287:
1283:
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1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1232:Under the Net
1228:
1227:
1222:
1219:'. So too is
1218:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1189:
1188:Invisible Man
1184:
1183:Ralph Ellison
1180:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1141:
1136:
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1122:
1121:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1095:
1092:
1084:
1074:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1058:This section
1056:
1052:
1047:
1046:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1019:Nikolai Gogol
1016:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1003:
999:
998:
993:
990:, written by
989:
985:
984:
979:
978:
973:
969:
965:
964:
959:
958:
953:
949:
948:on the road.
947:
943:
939:
931:
929:
927:
923:
922:
917:
913:
911:
910:Ivan Turbincă
906:
904:
903:
898:
897:Moll Flanders
894:
890:
889:
884:
880:
879:
874:
870:
868:
867:
862:
858:
857:
852:
851:
846:
845:
840:
833:
831:
828:
827:
821:
819:
816:, written in
815:
807:
805:
803:
799:
798:
797:Moll Flanders
793:
790:'s work, and
789:
785:
784:
779:
778:
773:
769:
767:
763:
759:
755:
754:
749:
744:
742:
741:New Christian
738:
736:
729:
727:
723:
722:
717:
716:
711:
710:
705:
701:
699:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
673:
668:
664:
662:
658:
654:
653:
648:
640:
635:
628:
626:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
607:
602:
601:
594:
592:
588:
583:
579:
574:
572:
568:
564:
563:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
534:
530:
526:
525:
519:
515:
513:
512:Milesian tale
509:
505:
501:
500:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
478:
473:
470:, especially
469:
465:
460:
458:
453:
448:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
425:
420:
416:
408:
405:
400:
398:
396:
395:
390:
385:
381:
377:
376:
371:
367:
366:
357:
355:
354:(1836–1837).
353:
352:
347:
343:
342:
337:
328:
324:
321:
318:
315:
311:
308:
304:
301:
297:
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285:
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269:
265:
261:
260:
255:
251:
250:
245:
241:
237:
236:
231:
227:
226:
221:
220:Imperial Rome
217:
213:
209:
208:
203:
199:
195:
191:
188:
184:
180:
176:
175:prose fiction
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
148:
147:
141:
131:
128:
120:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
4241:Storytelling
4056:Subjectivity
4046:Third-person
4036:First-person
3860:
3670:
3479:Comic relief
3231:
3224:
3215:Flashforward
3182:
3156:Origin story
3138:
3101:Straight man
3056:
2945:
2930:(in Spanish)
2912:
2899:
2892:
2885:
2878:
2862:
2858:
2846:
2842:Robert Alter
2816:
2794:
2773:. Retrieved
2768:
2759:
2747:. Retrieved
2742:
2733:
2724:
2718:
2709:
2703:
2691:. Retrieved
2686:
2677:
2665:. Retrieved
2661:Speculiction
2660:
2651:
2639:. Retrieved
2635:Totally Epic
2634:
2625:
2613:. Retrieved
2609:
2599:
2566:
2562:
2556:
2539:10486/670544
2529:
2525:
2519:
2507:. Retrieved
2494:Ghostarchive
2492:Archived at
2488:
2476:. Retrieved
2471:
2461:
2453:the original
2448:
2438:
2426:
2421:
2411:
2404:
2394:, retrieved
2380:
2370:
2353:
2347:
2324:. Retrieved
2320:
2311:
2303:
2299:
2294:
2285:
2279:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2248:
2219:
2214:
2204:
2185:
2179:
2174:
2155:
2150:
2139:
2106:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2082:
2077:
2069:
2064:
2056:
2048:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2024:Google Books
2023:
2018:
2012:
2003:
1998:
1989:
1973:Google Books
1972:
1967:
1961:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1926:. Retrieved
1907:
1900:
1888:. Retrieved
1873:
1866:
1855:the original
1850:
1834:
1827:Google Books
1826:
1821:
1815:
1805:
1800:
1792:
1787:Best, O. F.
1783:
1772:. Retrieved
1768:
1765:"picaresque"
1759:
1751:
1746:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1699:. New York:
1696:
1690:
1682:
1678:
1614:
1606:
1600:
1598:
1586:
1576:
1570:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1523:
1510:
1507:Hannah Tinti
1498:
1491:Fritz Leiber
1487:for Fiction.
1478:
1466:
1450:
1440:
1432:
1424:
1414:
1411:Manuel Rojas
1408:
1397:
1387:
1384:Denton Welch
1377:
1371:
1365:
1364:(54–68 AD),
1359:
1346:
1339:
1334:(2000), and
1329:
1323:
1312:
1306:
1299:
1294:(1969), and
1289:
1279:
1273:
1254:
1246:The Tin Drum
1244:
1241:Günter Grass
1237:Iris Murdoch
1230:
1224:
1213:Ned Slattery
1206:
1192:
1186:
1176:
1171:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1118:
1117:
1109:Ostap Bender
1087:
1078:
1067:Please help
1062:verification
1059:
1032:
1022:
1012:
1006:
995:
992:James Morier
981:
975:
961:
955:
950:
941:
935:
919:
914:
907:
900:
896:
886:
876:
871:
864:
863:, author of
854:
848:
842:
837:
824:
822:
811:
801:
795:
792:Daniel Defoe
781:
775:
770:
765:
761:
751:
745:
733:
730:
726:M. H. Abrams
719:
713:
707:
702:
670:
665:
650:
647:Mateo Alemán
644:
638:
621:doctrine of
614:
604:
598:
595:
581:
575:
570:
561:
557:Al-Hamadhani
544:
540:
538:
522:
507:
503:
497:
489:
475:
461:
456:
451:
449:
422:
412:
406:
392:
389:Mateo Alemán
383:
378:(1554), the
373:
369:
363:
361:
349:
339:
332:
290:first person
282:
271:
257:
247:
244:Mateo Alemán
233:
223:
216:anticlerical
205:
183:social class
166:
162:
154:
152:
144:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
4246:Tellability
4212:Metafiction
4207:Narratology
3979:Theological
3871:Pop culture
3752:Short story
3730:Epic poetry
3451:Time travel
3264:Red herring
3249:Plot device
3220:Frame story
3173:Cliffhanger
3116:Tritagonist
3091:Protagonist
2526:Edad de Oro
1549:. Starring
1524:In 1987 an
1447:José Baroja
1445:(1978) and
1437:Luis Zapata
1394:Jane Bowles
1376:(1943) and
1326:Umberto Eco
1265:black humor
1221:Thomas Mann
1203:John A. Lee
1199:Saul Bellow
1191:(1952) and
1149:(1931), by
1133:Don Quixote
1129:Felix Krull
1027:(1842–52).
1017:(1836–37).
893:Becky Sharp
883:John Bunyan
866:Don Quixote
853:(1743) and
721:Don Quixote
712:(1613) and
611:determinism
341:Don Quixote
327:criminality
4266:Categories
4132:Continuity
4001:Nonfiction
3965:Underwater
3861:Picaresque
3836:Historical
3821:Epistolary
3693:Fairy tale
3604:Peripeteia
3586:Exposition
3342:Dreamworld
3284:Stereotype
3254:Plot twist
3002:Antagonist
2787:References
2775:2 February
2749:2 February
2532:: 95–104.
2425:Chosen by
2396:2021-03-11
2362:1067476065
2326:2019-08-04
2265:(2): 303.
1774:2021-06-03
1546:The Rogues
1402:(1936) by
1392:(1943) by
1382:(1950) by
1251:John Barth
1235:(1954) by
1107:Statue of
1029:Mark Twain
1024:Dead Souls
1000:(1857) by
924:about the
553:Al-Andalus
179:adventures
87:newspapers
18:Picaresque
4023:Narration
3972:Superhero
3896:Chivalric
3881:Religious
3866:Political
3801:Adventure
3786:Biography
3708:Tall tale
3556:Structure
3541:Symbolism
3509:Narration
3409:Leitmotif
3337:Crossover
3332:Backstory
3289:Story arc
3239:MacGuffin
3210:Flashback
3151:Backstory
3027:Confidant
3007:Archenemy
2994:Character
2986:Narrative
2865:: 62–69.
2807:422136249
2591:144736158
2583:1535-685X
2548:0212-0429
2478:March 16,
2472:Telegraph
2180:conversos
2131:162205817
2021:, p. 105.
1970:, p. 138.
1808:, p. 936.
1520:In cinema
1509:'s novel
1361:Satyricon
1356:anti-hero
1331:Baudolino
1311:'s novel
1263:and uses
1081:July 2018
972:satirical
946:anti-hero
942:picaresco
921:Bay Ganyo
861:Cervantes
735:conversos
700:society.
672:El Buscón
663:, Spain.
623:free will
606:El Buscón
587:Charles V
582:Lazarillo
578:loanwords
567:trickster
545:Lazarillo
541:Lazarillo
508:Satyricon
490:Lazarillo
482:Encolpius
477:Satyricon
472:Petronius
362:The word
358:Etymology
259:El Buscón
230:Petronius
225:Satyricon
194:realistic
192:" with a
190:narrative
163:picaresca
117:June 2018
4229:Glossary
4224:Rhetoric
4031:Diegesis
4011:Creative
3984:Thriller
3933:Southern
3851:Paranoid
3846:Nautical
3757:Vignette
3715:Gamebook
3683:Folklore
3590:Protasis
3469:Allegory
3414:Metaphor
3372:parallel
3367:universe
3347:Dystopia
3304:Suspense
3190:Dialogue
3178:Conflict
3086:Narrator
3058:Hamartia
2938:(1911).
2844:(1965),
2769:artforum
2693:4 August
2667:4 August
2641:4 August
2615:4 August
2509:14 March
2496:and the
2271:27714644
2228:22567416
2212:(1669).
2123:29734505
1947:, p. 19.
1842:(1979).
1738:30203173
1623:See also
1537:I picari
1435:(1969),
1427:(1968),
1419:(1951),
1304:(1975).
1284:(1965),
1181:(1942),
1151:Ilya Ilf
968:Voltaire
847:(1742),
818:Florence
777:Gil Blas
685:classist
529:Apuleius
494:Apuleius
240:Apuleius
169:, for '
4159:Prequel
4115:Related
4101:Present
3994:Western
3950:Science
3923:Fantasy
3891:Romance
3841:Mystery
3826:Ergodic
3791:Fiction
3747:Parable
3742:Novella
3672:Fabliau
3643:Premise
3494:Imagery
3484:Diction
3362:country
3319:Setting
3299:Subplot
3121:Villain
3074:Byronic
2610:SF Site
1993:p. vii.
1613:series
1611:Netflix
1588:Aladdin
1526:Italian
1425:El roto
1163:Russian
977:Candide
677:baroque
661:Seville
571:maqāmāt
562:maqāmāt
486:Plautus
441:Antwerp
401:History
380:novella
314:realism
279:Defined
268:Terence
264:Plautus
165:, from
159:Spanish
101:scholar
4163:Sequel
4147:Retcon
4142:Reboot
4106:Future
3940:Horror
3928:Gothic
3913:Satire
3831:Erotic
3698:Legend
3600:Climax
3474:Bathos
3381:Utopia
3269:Reveal
3168:Cliché
3146:Action
3140:Ab ovo
3079:Tragic
2824:
2805:
2589:
2581:
2546:
2387:
2360:
2269:
2226:
2192:
2162:
2129:
2121:
1951:pícaro
1949:("The
1928:30 May
1919:
1890:30 May
1881:
1736:
1707:
1660:Maqama
1583:Disney
1581:. The
1529:comedy
1113:Elista
988:Persia
974:novel
802:per se
750:wrote
693:sexist
689:racist
641:(1599)
615:pícaro
457:engaño
452:pícaro
435:, and
429:Burgos
370:pícaro
365:pícaro
320:Satire
202:satire
198:comedy
167:pícaro
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
4170:Genre
4137:Canon
4088:Tense
4006:Novel
3989:Urban
3901:Prose
3886:Rogue
3811:Crime
3806:Comic
3767:Genre
3737:Novel
3688:Fable
3666:Drama
3631:films
3461:Style
3429:Motif
3419:Moral
3404:Irony
3396:Theme
3309:Trope
2587:S2CID
2267:JSTOR
2218:[
2127:S2CID
2119:JSTOR
1954:'
1858:(PDF)
1847:(PDF)
1734:JSTOR
1671:Notes
1585:film
659:, in
187:prose
171:rogue
108:JSTOR
94:books
4175:List
4096:Past
3955:Hard
3908:Saga
3816:Docu
3772:List
3703:Myth
3658:Form
3546:Tone
3519:Hook
3504:Mood
3499:Mode
3357:city
3244:Pace
3131:Plot
3069:Anti
3064:Hero
3047:Foil
2822:ISBN
2803:OCLC
2777:2024
2751:2024
2695:2022
2669:2022
2643:2022
2617:2022
2579:ISSN
2544:ISSN
2511:2018
2480:2010
2474:. UK
2427:Time
2385:ISBN
2358:OCLC
2224:OCLC
2190:ISBN
2160:ISBN
1930:2013
1917:ISBN
1892:2013
1879:ISBN
1791:IN:
1705:ISBN
1575:and
1565:and
1153:and
691:and
506:and
417:and
300:plot
266:and
232:and
200:and
153:The
80:news
3564:Act
2867:doi
2571:doi
2534:hdl
2257:".
2111:doi
2107:124
2102:MLN
2099:".
2039:,"
1493:'s
1465:'s
1449:'s
1439:'s
1431:'s
1338:'s
1328:'s
1298:'s
1288:'s
1278:'s
1253:'s
1243:'s
1223:'s
1205:'s
1197:by
1185:'s
1175:'s
1111:in
1071:by
1031:'s
970:'s
954:'s
869:".
794:'s
774:'s
669:'s
649:'s
527:by
459:).
391:'s
256:'s
246:'s
238:by
228:by
63:by
4268::
4161:/
2944:.
2863:16
2861:.
2857:.
2801:.
2767:.
2741:.
2685:.
2659:.
2633:.
2608:.
2585:.
2577:.
2567:18
2565:.
2542:.
2530:XX
2500::
2470:.
2447:.
2379:,
2335:^
2319:.
2263:64
2261:.
2236:^
2125:.
2117:.
2105:.
2055:,
1980:^
1911:.
1849:.
1829:.
1767:.
1730:40
1728:.
1701:DK
1561:,
1557:,
1553:,
1423:'
1413:'
1396:,
1386:,
1271:.
1239:,
1169:.
1011:'
1004:.
687:,
625:.
593:.
547:.
502:.
496:'
488:,
474:'
431:,
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338:'
270:.
161::
3774:)
3770:(
3602:/
3588:/
2978:e
2971:t
2964:v
2873:.
2869::
2830:.
2809:.
2779:.
2753:.
2697:.
2671:.
2645:.
2619:.
2593:.
2573::
2550:.
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2482:.
2433:.
2364:.
2329:.
2306:.
2273:.
2230:.
2198:.
2168:.
2133:.
2113::
2026:.
1975:.
1932:.
1894:.
1777:.
1740:.
1713:.
1685:.
1094:)
1088:(
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