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49:
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teacher in soprano trombone. Hultmark has also worked with the
British Music Teachers Board to produce a syllabus of grade examinations for the soprano trombone. Other researchers have reported the soprano trombone can also be used as a pedagogical tool to help trumpet players improve several core
662:, and is used with a piccolo trumpet mouthpiece. Bore sizes are 0.460 inches (11.7 mm) or smaller, with bells approximately 4 inches (10 cm) in diameter. The piccolo is offered by Thein, Chinese manufacturer Jinbao, and Wessex. Thein also make a novelty
783:; after playing one of the parts in a performance, Hultmark became a proponent of the soprano trombone as a serious instrument. He has written and commissioned new compositions for it, and promotes its use as a first instrument for children.
1073:
546:, but otherwise were not widely adopted. In the 1970s and 80s, Los Angeles instrument makers Robb Stewart, Larry Minick, and Dominic Calicchio were making soprano trombones for local players including Bob and
738:
As part of his "Soprano
Trombone Project", Torbjörn Hultmark has used the instrument to successfully begin children on brass instruments from as young as the age of four, and is the world's first registered
592:
Soprano trombones are made by several trombone manufacturers, often as inexpensive novelty instruments, although high quality professional instruments are made by
Kanstul, Miraphone, Thein and others.
1197:
2567:
1065:
385:
Whether the soprano trombone was ever widely used in history is still a matter for debate. The earliest surviving instrument was made in 1677, held by the
Landesmuseum in Linz. German
1331:
442:. Outside of this, there is little evidence of the instrument being employed in musical ensembles or written works since the 18th century. This may have been because the
1527:
686:âmeans it is usually played by trumpeters. The player must combine both trumpet playing and trombone slide techniques to control intonation and note selection accuracy.
1571:
Bernstein formed Sexmob with saxophonist
Briggan Krauss, bassist Tony Scherr and drummer Kenny Wollesen. It remains his primary vehicle for exploring the slide trumpet
612:
commissioned a soprano trombone with an F valve, built by German maker Thein Brass. Helmut Voigt, another German manufacturer, also makes a soprano with an F valve.
1039:
1183:
1911:
998:
438:
The soprano trombone was used in German-speaking countries to play the treble part in chorales, and this tradition survives in the trombone choirs of
889:
869:
1598:
1436:
1307:
1231:
2598:
1816:
1782:
1735:
1680:
1633:
643:
higher than the soprano and an octave above the alto, exists only in small numbers custom made for
Moravian churches in the United States.
600:
Californian instrument makers Larry Minick and Robb
Stewart were making soprano trombones to order in the 1980s, some of which included an
954:
1467:
910:
1360:
1496:
1287:
930:
628:
Trombones smaller than the soprano have only been built since the 1950s, when they first appeared as novelty or "show" instruments.
83:
370:, and classical trumpeter Torbjörn Hultmark, who advocates for its use as an instrument for young children to learn the trombone.
1405:
1323:
519:
251:
32:
This article is about the small trombone sometimes called a "slide trumpet". For the historical instrument of the same name, see
1904:
760:
There is very little classical repertoire written specifically for soprano trombone. The earliest pieces are three cantatas by
490:
1519:
2485:
2521:
2490:
1160:
434:
Trombone Choir of the
Moravian Church in Emaus, Pennsylvania, c. 1900. Two in the front row are holding soprano trombones.
1024:
775:
In contemporary music, composers have very occasionally included soprano trombone in orchestral works. British composer
1871:
2593:
849:
795:
195:
1068:[The end of the musical instrument museum at Kremsegg: instruments transferred to the Landesmuseum in Linz].
2552:
1897:
1719:
1558:
1495:(Excerpt from DVD). Morton H. Meyerson Symphony Center, Dallas, Texas: CancerBlows. Solo beings at 2 min, 57 sec.
791:
471:
Soprano trombone is seldom mentioned in the major orchestration treatises of the 19th century. German musicologist
367:
213:
2531:
48:
2526:
983:
523:
272:
266:
2511:
2449:
2419:
1884:
1808:
582:
566:
315:
2372:
765:
659:
609:
570:
479:(1897) only mention the soprano to state that it is considered obsolete, and French organist and composer
464:), who were trained to play all instruments, found fast and high (soprano) passages easier to play on the
319:
885:
483:
in his 1904 treatise only mentioned that some manufacturers were still making them, while describing the
2118:
1774:
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439:
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111:
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2232:
2215:
2138:
1303:
865:
1066:"Ende fĂŒr das Musikintrumentenmuseum im Schloss Kremsegg: Instrumente wandern ins Landesmuseum Linz"
2033:
1223:
608:
similar to those found on larger trombones. In the early 2010s, trumpeter Torbjörn
Hultmark of the
480:
472:
2588:
2506:
2470:
2404:
2278:
2108:
1966:
1941:
574:
526:. These instruments used tuning in the slide, rather than on the bow of the bell section. Later,
323:
162:
152:
1382:
Hultmark, Torbjörn (October 2020). "What is the best age to start playing a brass instrument?".
946:
346:
since its first known appearance in 1677, it survived principally in the trombone ensembles of
2170:
1993:
1830:
1822:
1812:
1778:
1741:
1731:
1686:
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1639:
1629:
776:
2444:
2356:
1920:
1846:
1788:
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1655:
1459:
906:
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The soprano trombone's similarity to the trumpetâits high pitch, mouthpiece size and narrow
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307:
96:
59:
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2220:
2190:
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1961:
1951:
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205:
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91:
1490:
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926:
1489:
Gordon, Wycliffe (soprano trombone); Saunders, Jay (Music
Director) (16 January 2017) .
2409:
2323:
1985:
1956:
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586:
476:
331:
311:
1397:
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2043:
2038:
786:
In jazz, some contemporary artists are employing the soprano trombone in their work.
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135:
33:
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1946:
1193:
671:
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402:
362:. A small number of contemporary proponents of the instrument include jazz artists
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1095:
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752:
17:
401:
2, 21 & 38) around 1723 with four trombone parts; the highest was written in
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1800:
702:
565:
The Bâ soprano trombone is built with dimensions similar to the Bâ trumpet. The
330:, it tends to be played by trumpet players rather than trombonists. Compared to
1878:
1156:
2465:
2414:
2399:
2351:
2346:
2331:
2257:
2247:
2237:
2227:
2148:
2082:
2077:
1834:
1807:. Dictionaries for the Modern Musician. Illustrator: Lennie Peterson. Lanham:
1745:
1690:
683:
573:
is 5 to 6 inches (130 to 150 mm) in diameter. It usually takes a trumpet
515:
499:
256:
1805:
An Illustrated Dictionary for the Modern Trombone, Tuba, and Euphonium Player
1643:
768:(as edited by his grandson) from the early 18th century, and a large body of
2439:
2424:
2341:
2180:
2113:
2092:
2053:
1850:
1842:
1792:
1761:
1753:
1706:
1698:
1659:
1651:
1589:
147:
The sounding range of the Bâ soprano trombone is the same as the Bâ trumpet.
119:
101:
845:
1866:
1727:
2434:
2283:
2058:
2027:
559:
379:
303:
167:
1550:
1429:"Soprano Trombone: Pedagogical Applications of the Slide for Trumpeters"
794:
both use the instrument in solos and on their albums. New York musician
569:
size is between 0.450 and 0.470 inches (11.4 and 11.9 mm), and the
2273:
2242:
2210:
2195:
2143:
2087:
2066:
1971:
1935:
465:
327:
172:
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2205:
1979:
1263:
1261:
1025:"Sensation or forgery? The 1677 soprano trombone of Cristiann Kofahl"
799:
578:
527:
354:âwere made as novelties or for use by jazz trumpet players including
261:
1889:
577:, although some instruments are made with a smaller shank to take a
798:
has become well known for playing the "slide trumpet" in his band,
2313:
2288:
1999:
1826:
751:
670:
in F, a fifth higher than the Bâ piccolo, originally made for the
619:
489:
429:
534:
in the 1960s. These were used by a few jazz trumpet players like
2102:
511:
299:
1893:
1594:
585:
of a soprano trombone is much shorter than that of a standard
398:
2568:
List of euphonium, baritone horn and tenor horn manufacturers
506:
From 1900 through to the 1930s some soprano trombonesâdubbed
1714:
Herbert, Trevor; Myers, Arnold; Wallace, John, eds. (2019).
1150:
1148:
1146:
550:, Eugene Lebeaux, and players in Moravian trombone choirs.
1773:. Trumpets and Other High Brass. Vol. 2. Vermillion:
1492:
Wycliffe Gordon plays SWING THAT MUSIC at CancerBlows 2015
654:
in Bâ is an octave above the soprano. It is essentially a
589:, with the slide positions only half the distance apart.
772:
for trombone choir from the late 18th and 19th century.
502:, 1921; built in Bâ adjustable to A with in-slide tuning
350:. During the 20th century some soprano trombonesâdubbed
1217:
1215:
825:, p. 481, Appendix 2: The Ranges of Labrosones.
2545:
2499:
2458:
2365:
2322:
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2131:
1927:
822:
222:
181:
151:
134:
126:
110:
82:
65:
58:
977:
975:
342:, the soprano is a rare trombone. Seldom used in
696:The (sounding) range of the Bâ soprano trombone.
1716:The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Brass Instruments
1159:. Arcadia, CA: Robb Stewart Brass Instruments.
756:Steven Bernstein performing in Saalfelden, 2009
701:Soprano trombone parts are usually written in
604:, a valve operated with a left thumb lever or
1905:
1671:. Yale Musical Instrument Series. New Haven:
1072:(in German). Tips Zeitungs GmbH & Co KG.
8:
888:. Anaheim, CA: Kanstul Musical Instruments.
443:
406:
41:
449:
412:
1912:
1898:
1890:
1157:"Slide Flugelhorn? Plus: Piccolo Trombone"
29:Musical instrument in the trombone family
558:For broader coverage of this topic, see
378:For broader coverage of this topic, see
1583:Jarenwattananon, Patrick (9 May 2013).
1520:"Album Review: Christian Scott: Anthem"
1113:
837:
835:
833:
831:
810:
779:called for two in his large 2006 work
40:
1252:
1137:
1125:
1004:from the original on 27 November 2021
872:from the original on 17 November 2023
7:
1334:from the original on 29 January 2022
1310:from the original on 9 February 2023
1185:King Oliver And His Creole Jazz Band
1104:, p. 137â8, "soprano trombone".
1064:Winter, Suzanne (19 November 2018).
744:aspects of their playing technique.
721:soprano trombone is similar to the B
310:, pitched in Bâ an octave above the
1267:
1101:
892:from the original on 2 January 2023
302:) is the soprano instrument in the
1771:Ways to Expand the Harmonic Series
1561:from the original on 17 April 2023
1530:from the original on 27 April 2022
1386:. International Trumpet Guild: 46.
1363:from the original on 25 March 2023
1290:from the original on 27 April 2022
1038:. Historic Brass Society: 259â65.
25:
1518:Harold, C. N. (29 October 2007).
1439:from the original on 30 June 2022
957:from the original on 1 March 2023
933:from the original on 7 March 2022
852:from the original on 1 March 2023
823:Herbert, Myers & Wallace 2019
705:and, like the trumpet, can be in
475:(1847) and English music scholar
1865:
1769:Klaus, Sabine Katharina (2013).
1601:from the original on 19 May 2022
1499:from the original on 25 May 2022
1470:from the original on 24 May 2022
1458:Sanborn, Chase (16 April 2013).
1408:from the original on 20 May 2022
1270:, p. 106, Piccolo trombone.
1234:from the original on 21 May 2022
1076:from the original on 19 May 2024
1045:from the original on 9 July 2022
913:from the original on 23 May 2023
848:. Markneukirchen: Helmut Voigt.
47:
1585:"Sexmob: Live From 92Y Tribeca"
1433:The International Trumpet Guild
1404:. Music Teachers' Board. 2020.
1306:(in Chinese). Tianjin: Jinbao.
1200:from the original on 5 May 2024
1163:from the original on 5 May 2024
886:"Model 150 Bâ Soprano Trombone"
868:(in Chinese). Tianjin: Jinbao.
678:Performance, range and pedagogy
112:HornbostelâSachs classification
2486:Drum and bugle corps (classic)
1224:"The Soprano Trombone Project"
1032:Historic Brass Society Journal
991:Historic Brass Society Journal
909:. Waldkraiburg: Miraphone eG.
1:
2491:Drum and bugle corps (modern)
1222:Salmon, Jane (23 June 2016).
2599:Continuous pitch instruments
1628:. Toronto: Scarecrow Press.
1155:Stewart, Robb (1 May 2022).
560:Trombone § Construction
514:, by American manufacturers
1885:The Moravian Trombone Choir
1883:Moravian Music Foundation:
1398:"Soprano Trombone Syllabus"
984:"The Soprano Trombone Hoax"
907:"Bb soprano slide trombone"
2615:
2553:Pitch of brass instruments
1720:Cambridge University Press
1324:"Piccolo Trombone â PB300"
1182:Petard, Gilles (c. 1923).
1023:Laubhold, Lars E. (2000).
947:"Soprano Trombone â PB453"
902:Ceased operations in 2020.
557:
377:
31:
1626:A History of the Trombone
227:
186:
158:
141:
122:sounded by lip vibration)
46:
1879:Soprano Trombone Project
1809:Rowman & Littlefield
1667:Herbert, Trevor (2006).
1624:Guion, David M. (2010).
658:with a slide instead of
530:produced an inexpensive
1359:. Bremen: Thein Brass.
1286:. Bremen: Thein Brass.
982:Weiner, Howard (2001).
929:. Bremen: Thein Brass.
510:âwere made, mainly for
380:Trombone § History
2337:Marching baritone horn
1427:Spencer, Ryan (2021).
766:Georg Philipp Telemann
757:
625:
624:Piccolo trombone in Bâ
610:Royal College of Music
503:
444:
435:
407:
326:are similar to the Bâ
277:Kanstul (c. 2005â2020)
53:Soprano trombone in Bâ
2522:Classical trombonists
2119:Double bell euphonium
1775:National Music Museum
1728:10.1017/9781316841273
1673:Yale University Press
770:Moravian Church music
762:Johann Sebastian Bach
755:
623:
493:
440:Moravian Church music
433:
391:Johann Sebastian Bach
348:Moravian Church music
1874:at Wikimedia Commons
1507:– via YouTube.
1357:"Piccolino Trombone"
764:and two passions by
715:. The range of the B
290:(sometimes called a
1877:Torbjörn Hultmark:
1549:Bernstein, Steven.
1460:"The Slide Trumpet"
846:"Soprano trombones"
481:Charles-Marie Widor
473:Adolf Bernhard Marx
338:, or even uncommon
153:Related instruments
43:
2594:B-flat instruments
2471:British brass band
2342:Marching euphonium
2109:Subcontrabass tuba
1284:"Piccolo Trombone"
1228:Jane Salmon (blog)
927:"Soprano Trombone"
866:"JBST-1800æ知ć°ć·éBè°"
758:
709:or transposed in B
666:piccolino trombone
635:sopranino trombone
626:
504:
436:
18:Piccolino trombone
2576:
2575:
2532:Euphonium players
1921:Brass instruments
1872:Soprano trombones
1870:Media related to
1818:978-1-538-15966-8
1784:978-0-984-82692-6
1737:978-1-316-63185-0
1682:978-0-300235-75-3
1635:978-0-81087-445-9
1464:Halftime Magazine
1304:"JBSL-8150ć°ć·Bb/A"
1192:(slide trumpet).
777:Brian Ferneyhough
308:brass instruments
284:
283:
210:Torbjörn Hultmark
130:Late 17th century
16:(Redirected from
2606:
2527:Jazz trombonists
2507:(all) Trumpeters
2445:Axial flow valve
2357:Contrabass bugle
1914:
1907:
1900:
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1710:
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1555:Steven Bernstein
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1190:Armstrong, Louis
1179:
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1140:, p. 39-44.
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839:
826:
820:
796:Steven Bernstein
726:
725:
720:
719:
714:
713:
669:
668:
653:
652:
650:piccolo trombone
638:
637:
596:Valve attachment
581:mouthpiece. The
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
447:
426:
423:
422:descant trombone
420:
417:
414:
410:
298:, especially in
288:soprano trombone
269:(early 20th c.);
196:Steven Bernstein
60:Brass instrument
51:
44:
42:Soprano trombone
21:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2541:
2512:Jazz trumpeters
2495:
2454:
2450:Harmonic series
2366:Parts/technique
2361:
2318:
2262:
2221:Soprano helicon
2191:Baroque trumpet
2186:Natural trumpet
2127:
2078:Alto/Tenor horn
1962:Fanfare trumpet
1923:
1918:
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1857:
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792:Christian Scott
788:Wycliffe Gordon
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680:
664:
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656:piccolo trumpet
648:
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633:
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618:
598:
563:
556:
544:Dizzy Gillespie
536:Louis Armstrong
461:
458:
455:
452:
424:
421:
418:
415:
408:diskant-posaune
393:composed three
383:
376:
368:Christian Scott
364:Wycliffe Gordon
360:Dizzy Gillespie
356:Louis Armstrong
344:classical music
280:
246:
218:
214:Christian Scott
206:Wycliffe Gordon
201:Dizzy Gillespie
191:Louis Armstrong
177:
146:
145:
117:
106:
78:
54:
37:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
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1986:Soprano cornet
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1957:Pocket trumpet
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1860:External links
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1188:(Photograph).
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2558:Brass section
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2395:Hand-stopping
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2201:Slide trumpet
2199:
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2179:
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2174:
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2159:Tenor cornett
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1128:, p. 52.
1127:
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781:Plötzlichkeit
778:
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707:concert pitch
704:
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548:Chuck Findley
545:
541:
540:Bobby Hackett
537:
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532:slide trumpet
529:
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521:
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508:slide cornets
501:
497:
494:Slide cornet
492:
488:
487:as obsolete.
486:
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469:
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445:Stadtpfeiffer
441:
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136:Playing range
133:
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87:
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72:Slide trumpet
71:
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68:
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61:
57:
50:
45:
39:
35:
34:Slide trumpet
27:
19:
2563:Horn section
2517:Horn players
2476:Balkan brass
2383:Rotary valve
2378:Piston valve
2309:Tibetan horn
2176:Natural horn
2154:Mute cornett
2101:
2065:
2048:
2026:
1992:
1978:
1934:
1804:
1801:Yeo, Douglas
1770:
1715:
1669:The Trombone
1668:
1625:
1617:Bibliography
1603:. Retrieved
1588:
1578:
1570:
1563:. Retrieved
1554:
1544:
1532:. Retrieved
1523:
1513:
1501:. Retrieved
1491:
1484:
1472:. Retrieved
1463:
1453:
1441:. Retrieved
1432:
1422:
1410:. Retrieved
1401:
1392:
1383:
1377:
1365:. Retrieved
1351:
1336:. Retrieved
1328:Wessex Tubas
1327:
1312:. Retrieved
1292:. Retrieved
1275:
1255:, p. 3.
1248:
1236:. Retrieved
1227:
1202:. Retrieved
1194:Getty Images
1184:
1177:
1165:. Retrieved
1133:
1121:
1114:Herbert 2006
1109:
1078:. Retrieved
1069:
1059:
1047:. Retrieved
1035:
1031:
1018:
1006:. Retrieved
994:
990:
959:. Retrieved
951:Wessex Tubas
950:
935:. Retrieved
915:. Retrieved
894:. Retrieved
874:. Retrieved
854:. Retrieved
785:
780:
774:
759:
737:
700:
681:
672:German Brass
665:
649:
645:
634:
630:
627:
605:
602:F attachment
599:
591:
564:
554:Construction
531:
507:
505:
495:
470:
437:
403:soprano clef
384:
351:
296:slide cornet
295:
291:
287:
285:
247:Historical:
240:Helmut Voigt
75:Slide cornet
38:
26:
2020:Wagner tuba
2015:Vienna horn
2010:German horn
2005:French horn
1551:"Biography"
1384:ITG Journal
1367:16 November
1314:16 November
997:: 138â160.
896:17 November
876:17 November
703:treble clef
524:H. N. White
459:town pipers
267:H. N. White
66:Other names
2583:Categories
2466:Brass band
2415:Pedal tone
2405:Mouthpiece
2400:Embouchure
2352:Sousaphone
2347:Trombonium
2332:Mellophone
2267:Indigenous
2258:Jazzophone
2248:Saxotromba
2238:Sudrophone
2228:Ophicleide
2149:Cornettino
2132:Antiquated
2083:Flugelhorn
2034:Contrabass
1942:Contrabass
1851:Q111040546
1835:1249799159
1827:2021020757
1793:Q116447957
1762:Q114571908
1746:1038492212
1707:Q111039091
1691:1007305405
1660:Q111039945
1253:Guion 2010
1138:Klaus 2013
1126:Guion 2010
806:References
748:Repertoire
727:trumpet, E
684:embouchure
674:ensemble.
575:mouthpiece
516:C. G. Conn
500:C. G. Conn
496:New Wonder
324:mouthpiece
306:family of
257:C. G. Conn
2589:Trombones
2459:Ensembles
2440:Water key
2425:Valve oil
2181:Post horn
2114:Euphonium
2093:Kuhlohorn
2054:Superbone
1843:34132790M
1754:34730943M
1699:30593699M
1652:24019524M
1644:725775517
1590:NPR Music
1402:MTB Exams
639:in Eâ, a
498:model by
389:composer
314:. As the
234:Miraphone
182:Musicians
127:Developed
120:aerophone
118:(Sliding
102:Aerophone
2435:Leadpipe
2324:Marching
2284:Vuvuzela
2059:Cimbasso
2028:Trombone
1967:Firebird
1847:Wikidata
1803:(2021).
1789:Wikidata
1758:Wikidata
1703:Wikidata
1656:Wikidata
1599:Archived
1559:Archived
1534:28 April
1528:Archived
1497:Archived
1468:Archived
1443:27 April
1437:Archived
1406:Archived
1361:Archived
1338:28 April
1332:Archived
1308:Archived
1294:28 April
1288:Archived
1268:Yeo 2021
1232:Archived
1198:Archived
1161:Archived
1102:Yeo 2021
1074:Archived
1040:Archived
1008:27 April
999:Archived
955:Archived
937:28 April
931:Archived
917:28 April
911:Archived
890:Archived
870:Archived
850:Archived
724:♭
718:♭
712:♭
520:Buescher
405:, for a
395:cantatas
304:trombone
252:Buescher
223:Builders
168:Trombone
163:Firebird
2537:Tubists
2500:Players
2274:Alphorn
2253:Bazooka
2243:Saxtuba
2233:Serpent
2216:Helicon
2211:Sackbut
2196:Buccina
2144:Cornett
2139:Clarion
2088:Fiscorn
2067:Saxhorn
2049:Soprano
1972:Flumpet
1952:Piccolo
1936:Trumpet
961:1 March
856:1 March
606:trigger
466:cornett
453:
416:
387:Baroque
374:History
328:trumpet
273:Jupiter
173:Trumpet
2410:Falset
2373:Valves
2304:Sringa
2299:Shofar
2294:Carnyx
2206:Buccin
1980:Cornet
1928:Modern
1849:
1841:
1833:
1825:
1815:
1791:
1781:
1760:
1752:
1744:
1734:
1705:
1697:
1689:
1679:
1658:
1650:
1642:
1632:
1605:20 May
1565:20 May
1503:26 May
1474:20 May
1412:18 May
1238:20 May
1204:23 May
1080:20 May
800:Sexmob
741:Suzuki
660:valves
641:fourth
579:cornet
528:Getzen
522:, and
262:Getzen
243:Wessex
231:Jinbao
116:423.22
2546:Other
2430:Crook
2390:Mutes
2314:Wazza
2289:Nyele
2279:Nabal
2166:Cornu
2000:Bugle
1167:6 May
1049:2 May
1043:(PDF)
1028:(PDF)
1002:(PDF)
987:(PDF)
616:Sizes
583:slide
332:tenor
237:Thein
97:Brass
2420:Bore
2171:Dord
2103:Tuba
2044:Alto
2039:Bass
1994:Horn
1947:Bass
1831:OCLC
1823:LCCN
1813:ISBN
1779:ISBN
1742:OCLC
1732:ISBN
1687:OCLC
1677:ISBN
1640:OCLC
1630:ISBN
1607:2022
1567:2022
1536:2022
1505:2022
1476:2022
1445:2022
1414:2022
1369:2023
1340:2022
1316:2023
1296:2022
1240:2022
1206:2023
1169:2024
1082:2024
1051:2022
1010:2022
963:2023
939:2022
919:2022
898:2023
878:2023
858:2023
790:and
731:to C
646:The
631:The
571:bell
567:bore
542:and
512:jazz
485:alto
450:lit.
413:lit.
366:and
358:and
340:alto
336:bass
322:and
320:bell
316:bore
300:jazz
286:The
92:Wind
1724:doi
1595:NPR
427:).
399:BWV
294:or
2585::
1845:.
1839:OL
1837:.
1829:.
1821:.
1811:.
1787:.
1777:.
1756:.
1750:OL
1748:.
1740:.
1730:.
1722:.
1718:.
1701:.
1695:OL
1693:.
1685:.
1675:.
1654:.
1648:OL
1646:.
1638:.
1597:.
1593:.
1587:.
1569:.
1557:.
1553:.
1526:.
1522:.
1466:.
1462:.
1435:.
1431:.
1400:.
1330:.
1326:.
1260:^
1230:.
1226:.
1214:^
1196:.
1145:^
1090:^
1036:12
1034:.
1030:.
995:13
993:.
989:.
974:^
953:.
949:.
830:^
813:^
802:.
735:.
538:,
518:,
468:.
334:,
318:,
1913:e
1906:t
1899:v
1853:.
1795:.
1764:.
1726::
1709:.
1662:.
1609:.
1538:.
1478:.
1447:.
1416:.
1371:.
1342:.
1318:.
1298:.
1242:.
1208:.
1171:.
1084:.
1053:.
1012:.
965:.
941:.
921:.
900:.
880:.
860:.
733:6
729:3
562:.
462:'
456:'
448:(
425:'
419:'
411:(
397:(
382:.
36:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
