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Blue spruce is generally considered to grow best with abundant moisture. Nevertheless, this species can withstand drought better than any other spruce. It can withstand extremely low temperatures (-40 degrees C) as well. Furthermore, this species is more resistant to high insolation and frost damage
308:
Waxy gray-green leaves, up to 3 cm (1 in) long, are arranged radially on the shoots which curve upwards. The pale brown cones are up to 10 cm (4 in) long. Male cones are found on the entire tree, whereas the female cones are found at the top of the tree. This helps to facilitate
370:
Annual mean precipitation generally vary from 460 to 610 mm (18 to 24 in). Winter is the season with the poorest rainfall, the precipitation is usually less than 20 percent of the annual moisture falling from
December to March. Fifty percent of the annual precipitation occurs during the growing
366:
Blue spruce is most common in
Colorado and the Southwest. The annual average temperature ranges from 3.9 to 6.1 degrees C (39 to 43 degrees F). And ranges from - 3.9 to - 2.8 degrees C (25 to 27 degrees F) in January. In July, the average temperature ranges from 13.9 to 15.0 degrees C (57 to 59
401:
will cause seedling loss. Shadows in late spring and early autumn minimize this frost heaving loss. Despite the shallow roots, blue spruce is able to resist strong winds. Five years before transplanting, the total root surface area of 2-meter-high trees was doubled by pruning the roots of blue
444:
feeds on the needles causing fluffy white patches on the twigs and aphids also suck sap from the needles and may cause them to fall and possibly dieback. Mites can also infest the blue spruce, especially in a dry summer, causing yellowing of the oldest needles. Another insect pest is the
367:
degrees F). The average minimum temperature in
January ranges from - 11.1 to 8.9 degrees C (12 to 16 degrees F), and the average maximum temperature in July ranges from 21.1 to 22.2 C (70 to 72 degrees F). There is a frost-free period of about 55 to 60 days from June to August.
297:
grows to about 23 m (75 ft), but when planted in parks and gardens it seldom exceeds 15 m (49 ft) tall by 5 m (16 ft) wide. The tree can grow larger if the tip is cut when it is at least 3 years old. It is a columnar or conical
456:
The blue spruce is susceptible to several needle casting diseases which cause the needles to turn yellow, mottled or brown before they fall off. Various rust diseases also affect the tree causing yellowing of the needles as well as needle fall.
586:
and a ceremonial item, and twigs are given as gifts to bring good fortune. In traditional medicine, an infusion of the needles is used to treat colds and settle the stomach. This liquid is also used externally for rheumatic pains.
453:) which bores under the bark. It often first attacks trees which have blown over by the wind and when the larvae mature two years afterwards, a major outbreak occurs and vast numbers of beetles attack nearby standing trees.
284:
to North
America in Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming. It is noted for its blue-green colored needles, and has therefore been used as an ornamental tree in many places far beyond its native range.
467:
attacks one of the lower branches first and progressively makes its way higher up the tree. The first symptom is the needles turning reddish-brown and falling off. Meanwhile, patches of white
857:
Flora of North
America Editorial Committee, editor. 1993. Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 2. Pteridiophytes and Gymnosperms. Oxford University Press, New York, 475 pp
383:
Blue spruce generally exists on gentle uplands and sub irrigated slopes, in well-watered tributary drainage, extending down intermittent streams, and on lower northerly slopes.
479:
1496:
1595:
397:
Blue spruce seedlings have shallow roots that penetrate only 6.4 cm (2.5 inches) of soil during the first year. Although freezing can't damage much in blue spruce,
386:
Blue spruce always grow naturally in the soils which are in the order
Mollisols, and the soil will also be in the orders histosols and inceptisols in a lesser extent.
1953:
2041:
2226:
1710:
2102:
1901:
1966:
1914:
2123:
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spruce. It also increases the root concentration in drip irrigation pipeline from 40% to 60%, which is an advantage in landscape greening.
2231:
2286:
1852:
982:
902:
922:
2276:
1028:
1719:
681:
1665:
1522:
1263:
Alexander, Robert R. "Silviculture of central and southern Rocky
Mountain forests. USDA Forest Service, Research Paper RM-120".
1940:
657:
90:
1511:
2185:
2007:
1971:
1175:
Mauk, Ronald L.; Henderson. "Forest habitat types of northern Utah. USDA Forest
Service General Technical Report INT-170".
2028:
1190:
Moir, William H.; Ludwig, John A. "A classification of spruce-fir mixed conifer habitat types of
Arizona and New Mexico".
2281:
2261:
1248:
Jones, John R. "Southwestern mixed conifers. In
Silvicultural systems for the major forest types of the United States".
363:
Blue spruce usually grows in cool and humid climatic zones where the annual precipitation mainly occurs in the summer.
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1780:
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561:
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2002:
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with densely growing horizontal branches. It has scaly grey bark on the trunk with yellowish-brown branches.
105:
2251:
446:
1880:
539:'Glauca Pendula' – drooping branches, spreads to about 8 feet (2.4 m) wide by 4 feet (1.2 m) tall
2266:
1875:
1805:
1733:
1155:
1048:
998:
421:
433:
542:'Sester's Dwarf' – denser foliage than the species, slowly grows to about 6–8 feet (1.8–2.4 m) tall
522:
441:
216:
1919:
669:
2056:
1826:
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1 through 7, though it also does well in zones warmer than 7 where summer heat is moderate, as at
2198:
1888:
1771:
1230:
1222:
1071:
Bates, Carlos C. "Forest types in the central Rocky Mountains as affected by climate and soils".
100:
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232:
1984:
1379:
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1714:
1308:
Watson, Gary W; Sydnor. "The effect of root pruning on the root system of nursery trees".
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hollows out the needles and makes them coalesce in a webbed mass. An elongated white
424:
form galls at the base of twigs which resemble miniature pineapples and those of the
398:
352:
336:
70:
65:
1234:
768:
2203:
1818:
718:
437:
425:
281:
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1278:
Pearson, G. A. "Forest types in the Southwest as determined by climate and soil".
1101:
Pearson, G. A. "Forest types in the Southwest as determined by climate and soil".
1086:
Pearson, G. A. "Forest types in the Southwest as determined by climate and soil".
536:'Fat Albert' – compact perfect cone to 10 feet (3.0 m) of a silver blue color
41:
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1994:
2177:
2033:
2015:
1927:
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1433:
870:
340:
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845:: Blue Spruce, Colorado Blue Spruce, or Green Spruce (Pinaceae - Pine Family)"
708:
591:
143:
1857:
1756:
17:
1839:
463:
302:
299:
2167:
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942:
Michigan Trees: A Guide to the Trees of Michigan and the Great Lakes Region
712:
389:
Blue spruce is considered as a pioneer tree species in moist soil in Utah.
1648:
2162:
1750:
595:
491:
183:
2069:
1795:
1205:
Dixon, Helen (1935). "Ecological Studies on the High Plateaus of Utah".
1906:
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153:
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193:
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cause cone-shaped galls at the tips of branches. The larva of the
331:
Blue Spruce occurs at high elevation (above 6000 ft/1830m) in the
277:
117:
1631:
1534:
Washington State University Extension: Sester's Dwarf Blue Spruce
1327:
1831:
1265:
Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins
1731:
938:
Barnes, Burton V.; Warren J. Wagner Jr. (September 15, 1981).
946:. Biological Science Series. University of Michigan Press.
1523:
Fine Gardening Plant Guide: Picea pungens ‘Glauca Pendula'
1116:
Goor, A. Y. (1977). "Forest tree planting in arid zones".
897:. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136.
1280:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin 247
1103:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin 247
1088:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin 247
1694:
Conifers.org: Picea pungens (blue spruce) description
1512:
Missouri Botanical Garden: Picea pungens 'Fat Albert'
1380:"Spruce Beetle Threatens High Country Spruce Forests"
1453:. Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 78
1250:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook
1740:
1326:Gilman, Edward F.; Watson, Dennis G. (2011-05-01).
471:appear on the bark and the branch eventually dies.
1042:
1040:
939:
533:– shrub from 3–5 feet (0.91–1.52 m) in height
416:, an aphid-like insect that causes galls to form.
323:means "sharply pointed", referring to the leaves.
1177:Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station
1023:. United Kingdom: Mitchell Beazley. p. 224.
582:Native Americans use this tree as a traditional
339:montane conifer forests, often associating with
335:of the west-central United States. It grows in
1338:. IFAS Extension Service: University of Florida
498:in gardens and parks. It is also grown for the
483:'Mission Blue' blue spruce new growth in spring
410:The blue spruce is attacked by two species of
1073:U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bulletin 1233
1066:
1064:
792:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42333A2973433.en
8:
1728:
1192:USDA Forest Service, Research Paper RM-207
1149:
1147:
933:
931:
432:eat the buds and growing shoots while the
240:
81:
59:
40:
31:
871:"Picea pungens (blue spruce) description"
790:
1699:Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center NPIN
565:Foliage of the cultivar 'Glauca globosa'
1321:
1319:
759:
605:
918:
916:
914:
375:compared to other associated species.
1382:. Colorado State University Extension
1360:. Colorado State University Extension
895:RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants
379:Distributed soil types and topography
7:
2191:ebbbe48c-990a-482c-b940-be7ad512810f
2057:dc01540c-57ce-413b-a677-7f4af37d36a3
865:
863:
2227:IUCN Red List least concern species
778:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2142:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30095300-2
1701:— Native Plant Information Network
1358:"Scale Insects Affecting Conifers"
25:
1662:"State Trees & State Flowers"
1649:U. Michigan-Dearborn: Ethnobotany
1295:Forest tree planting in and zones
502:industry. It grows best in USDA
1705:Interactive Distribution Map of
1666:United States National Arboretum
1138:10.1097/00010694-197707000-00012
739:
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104:
1668:. June 11, 2009. Archived from
1614:"Washington State University -
999:"Yale Nature Walk, Blue Spruce"
513:Common cultivars (those marked
1356:Cranshaw, W. S. (2013-06-13).
1:
1596:"Missouri Botanical Garden -
1434:"Blue spruce (Picea pungens)"
973:. Methuen & Co. pp.
967:Vedel, H.; Lange, J. (1962).
426:Cooley's spruce gall adelgid
1632:"West Montrose Farms Ltd -
1497:Missouri Botanical Garden:
1378:Ciesla, Bill (2013-04-19).
1019:Harrison, Lorraine (2012).
519:Royal Horticultural Society
2303:
2232:NatureServe secure species
260:), also commonly known as
2287:Trees of Northern America
1550:(Glauca Group) 'Hoopsii'"
1477:(Glauca Group) 'Globosa'"
1448:"AGM Plants - Ornamental"
239:
222:
215:
101:Scientific classification
99:
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
2277:Plants described in 1879
1575:(Glauca Group) 'Koster'"
1310:Journal of Arboriculture
1021:RHS Latin for gardeners
590:The blue spruce is the
451:Dendroctonus rufipennis
1571:"RHS Plant Selector –
1546:"RHS Plant Selector -
1473:"RHS Plant Selector –
1413:"Colorado Blue Spruce"
566:
484:
422:pineapple gall adelgid
371:season of the plants.
1293:Goor, A. Y.; Barney.
821:. Arlington, Virginia
564:
523:Award of Garden Merit
482:
1724:— U.C. Photo Gallery
1402:. accessed 1.12.2012
1154:Fechner, Gilbert H.
1047:Fechner, Gilbert H.
813:NatureServe (2024).
785:: e.T42333A2973433.
733:United States portal
270:Colorado blue spruce
2282:Symbols of Colorado
2262:Flora of New Mexico
1651:Accessed 2020-12-20
1436:. 11 February 2023.
1130:1977SoilS.124...66C
925:Accessed 2012-12-01
767:Farjon, A. (2013).
494:are often grown as
434:spruce needle miner
51:Conservation status
1713:2011-05-14 at the
1332:: Colorado Spruce"
567:
485:
406:Pests and diseases
2247:Flora of Colorado
2214:
2213:
2078:Open Tree of Life
1734:Taxon identifiers
1207:Botanical Gazette
953:978-0-472-08018-2
529:'Glauca Globosa'
442:pine needle scale
311:cross-pollination
248:
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94:
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16:(Redirected from
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2272:Flora of Wyoming
2257:Flora of Montana
2242:Flora of Arizona
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747:Colorado portal
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1219:10.1086/334554
1213:(2): 272–320.
1197:
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500:Christmas tree
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430:spruce budworm
407:
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393:Rooting habits
391:
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345:ponderosa pine
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2267:Flora of Utah
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2258:
2255:
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2250:
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2245:
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2196:
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2147:
2143:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2103:picea-pungens
2098:
2094:
2093:Picea_pungens
2088:
2084:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2052:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2035:
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2026:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2009:
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2000:
1996:
1990:
1986:
1981:
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1968:
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1960:
1955:
1951:
1947:
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1938:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1899:
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1894:Picea pungens
1890:
1886:
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1815:
1811:
1807:
1801:
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1778:
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1772:Picea pungens
1767:
1763:
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1752:
1748:
1747:
1745:
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1742:Picea pungens
1739:
1735:
1730:
1723:
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1721:Picea pungens
1718:
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1712:
1709:
1708:
1707:Picea pungens
1703:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1672:on 2010-12-06
1671:
1667:
1663:
1657:
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1634:Picea pungens
1627:
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1619:
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1609:
1606:
1601:
1599:
1598:Picea pungens
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1588:
1576:
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1573:Picea pungens
1566:
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1551:
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1541:
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1475:Picea pungens
1468:
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1401:
1396:
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1374:
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1359:
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1330:Picea pungens
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1168:
1157:
1156:"Blue Spruce"
1150:
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1127:
1123:
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1104:
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1061:
1050:
1049:"Blue Spruce"
1043:
1041:
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1032:
1030:9781845337315
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866:
864:
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854:
851:
846:
844:
843:Picea pungens
836:
833:
820:
818:
817:Picea pungens
809:
806:
793:
788:
784:
780:
779:
774:
772:
771:Picea pungens
763:
760:
753:
748:
737:
734:
723:
720:
714:
709:
704:
695:
690:
683:
678:
671:
666:
659:
654:
647:
642:
639:Immature cone
635:
630:
623:
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611:
606:
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569:
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526:
524:
520:
511:
509:
508:San Francisco
505:
504:growing zones
501:
497:
493:
490:and its many
489:
488:Picea pungens
481:
474:
472:
470:
466:
465:
460:
454:
452:
448:
447:spruce beetle
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
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403:
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399:frost heaving
392:
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314:
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296:
295:Picea pungens
293:In the wild,
288:
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263:
259:
258:
257:Picea pungens
253:
243:
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226:Picea pungens
221:
218:
217:Binomial name
214:
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131:Tracheophytes
129:
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116:
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112:
107:
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98:
92:
78:
72:
67:
66:Least Concern
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
18:Picea pungens
1741:
1720:
1706:
1674:. Retrieved
1670:the original
1656:
1644:
1636:'Baby Blue'"
1633:
1626:
1615:
1608:
1597:
1590:
1578:. Retrieved
1572:
1565:
1553:. Retrieved
1547:
1540:
1529:
1518:
1507:
1498:
1492:
1480:. Retrieved
1474:
1467:
1455:. Retrieved
1442:
1428:
1417:. Retrieved
1407:
1400:Conifers.org
1395:
1384:. Retrieved
1373:
1362:. Retrieved
1351:
1340:. Retrieved
1335:
1329:
1309:
1303:
1294:
1288:
1279:
1273:
1264:
1258:
1249:
1243:
1210:
1206:
1200:
1191:
1185:
1176:
1170:
1159:. Retrieved
1121:
1118:Soil Science
1117:
1111:
1102:
1096:
1087:
1081:
1072:
1052:. Retrieved
1020:
1014:
1003:. Retrieved
993:
969:
962:
941:
894:
889:
878:. Retrieved
874:
853:
842:
835:
823:. Retrieved
816:
808:
796:. Retrieved
782:
776:
770:
762:
719:Trees portal
589:
573:
512:
487:
486:
462:
455:
450:
438:scale insect
411:
409:
396:
388:
385:
382:
373:
369:
365:
362:
351:. It has a
330:
320:
315:
307:
294:
292:
269:
265:
262:green spruce
261:
256:
255:
251:
249:
225:
223:
207:
206:
194:
144:Gymnospermae
137:
124:
35:Blue spruce
29:
2116:kew-2563553
2016:NatureServe
1928:iNaturalist
1766:Wikispecies
1580:11 December
1124:(1): 504p.
825:7 September
798:19 November
627:Mature cone
615:Mature tree
557:'Baby Blue'
475:Cultivation
341:Douglas-fir
289:Description
252:blue spruce
91:NatureServe
2221:Categories
2111:Plant List
1803:Calflora:
1676:2010-05-26
1555:6 February
1482:6 February
1419:2018-11-20
1386:2013-10-05
1364:2013-10-05
1342:2013-10-06
1161:2018-11-22
1054:2018-11-23
1005:2021-02-21
880:2024-02-15
754:References
699:Fat Albert
687:Montgomery
592:state tree
545:'Hoopsii'
461:caused by
355:affinity.
150:Division:
1881:233500912
492:cultivars
464:Cytospora
349:white fir
300:evergreen
202:Species:
164:Pinopsida
154:Pinophyta
114:Kingdom:
2186:VicFlora
2175:VASCAN:
2168:24900170
2163:Tropicos
2090:PalDat:
2021:2.148378
1959:10197202
1946:262713-1
1793:BioLib:
1751:Wikidata
1711:Archived
1457:25 April
1235:84538967
705:See also
596:Colorado
551:'Koster'
353:riparian
184:Pinaceae
180:Family:
71:IUCN 3.1
2003:MoBotPF
1907:5284871
1832:1033621
1757:Q146025
1227:2471603
1126:Bibcode
1105:: 144p.
1090:: 144p.
1075:: 152p.
975:119–120
675:Globosa
651:Hoopsii
602:Gallery
570:Culture
420:of the
413:Adelges
359:Climate
327:Ecology
321:pungens
303:conifer
274:species
272:, is a
233:Engelm.
190:Genus:
174:Pinales
170:Order:
160:Class:
118:Plantae
89: (
87:Secure
69: (
2124:PLANTS
2083:248313
2054:NZOR:
2008:284991
1972:183307
1933:119092
1868:picpun
1865:FEIS:
1858:150689
1786:170120
1233:
1225:
1027:
1001:. 2021
981:
950:
901:
663:Koster
576:Navajo
459:Canker
440:, the
418:Nymphs
282:native
278:spruce
2237:Picea
2155:12974
2100:PPE:
1985:42333
1954:IRMNG
1920:28323
1889:FoAO2
1853:EUNIS
1845:PIEPU
1819:4HQ4J
1451:(PDF)
1231:S2CID
1223:JSTOR
580:Keres
469:resin
347:, or
337:mesic
280:tree
268:, or
195:Picea
138:Clade
125:Clade
2178:7176
2137:POWO
2129:PIPU
2070:7184
2047:3331
2042:NCBI
1995:2902
1980:IUCN
1967:ITIS
1941:IPNI
1915:GRIN
1902:GBIF
1840:EPPO
1806:9379
1796:2378
1781:APNI
1582:2023
1557:2021
1484:2021
1459:2018
1336:EDIS
1025:ISBN
979:ISBN
948:ISBN
923:USDA
899:ISBN
827:2024
800:2021
783:2013
578:and
574:The
316:The
250:The
2199:WFO
2150:RHS
2029:NBN
1876:FNA
1827:EoL
1814:CoL
1215:doi
1134:doi
1122:124
787:doi
594:of
547:agm
531:agm
525:):
521:'s
515:agm
510:.
276:of
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2018::
2005::
1982::
1969::
1956::
1943::
1930::
1917::
1904::
1891::
1878::
1855::
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1816::
1783::
1768::
1753::
1664:.
1334:.
1318:^
1229:.
1221:.
1211:97
1209:.
1146:^
1132:.
1120:.
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956:.
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841:"
829:.
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789::
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449:(
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73:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
