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157:, and have been used to carry messages during times of war. Such races often have large cash prizes of up to $ 1 million as the Sun City Million Dollar Pigeon Race. Fanciers who fly racing pigeons sometimes win long-distance races and even break records. Other flying/sporting pigeons are bred for unique flying characteristics other than homing, such as rolling, high-flying, and diving. These birds, which may be flown in competitions, include but are not limited to
380:
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173:, are considered to be within the flying/sporting group even though they do not fly. This is because they compete on the basis of their performance and not their appearance. Competitors in pigeon sporting competitions such as pigeon races can win large sums of prize money when their pigeons return home the fastest from a race. The use of pigeons to carry messages is commonly called
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often contain specially constructed openings to allow the pigeon keeper to give his animals liberty for purposes of exercise while allowing them to re-enter the house without special assistance from the keeper. At the same time these houses are constructed to keep the pigeons safe from predators and
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in some fanciers. Pigeon fancier's lung is an extrinsic allergic reaction resembling asthma which occurs when a person has been exposed to certain proteins in the dust associated with a pigeon's feathers over long periods of time, usually several years. When a fancier develops this condition, there
518:
Ten pairs of pigeons can produce eight squabs each month without being fed especially by the pigeon keepers. For a greater yield, commercially raised squab may be produced in a two-nest system, where the mother lays two new eggs in a second nest while the squabs are still growing in the first nest,
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Sometimes pigeon fanciers cannot allow their birds complete liberty due to complaints of neighbors. However, pigeons have much better health and seem to be in much better spirits when they're given room to fly. So most fanciers, including those that let their birds fly, will build a large enclosed
314:
For those pigeon fanciers that fly their pigeons (not all pigeon fanciers allow their pigeons to fly freely outside of their aviary) the pigeons need a means of ingress to the loft. A trap or at least bobs and landing board allows the pigeon to get back into their home when they are ready to do so.
269:
Houses for pigeons are generally called lofts. Pigeon houses are also sometimes referred to as "coops" although the word seems to have originally applied to the breeding pens inside the housing. They are also referred to as pigeon duckets in North East
England. There are as many different kinds of
315:
There are different variations of trap and bobs used. Racing pigeons are commonly trapped home using a bob wired trapping arrangement that the birds push against the bob wires to gain access, but are restricted by the wires when trying to get back outside. Another form of trap typically called a
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may also be exhibited in pigeon shows but true utility pigeons and flying/sporting pigeons are rarely exhibited. This is because true utility pigeons are bred for meat and true flying/sporting pigeons are bred for their aerial performance so that in both cases appearance is usually a very minor
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Most fanciers have at least two pens for their pigeons and often fanciers have more than two pens or possibly multiple pigeon lofts. Extra pens allow for the keeping of spare, unmated females and males which can be useful to replace existing pigeons which might perish from disease or predation.
509:
Since their initial domestication by people, pigeons have been seen as a cheap source of good meat. The Romans certainly kept pigeons for food as evidenced by the fact that they were familiar with the practice of force-feeding squabs in order to fatten the young pigeons faster. Pigeons were
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especially prized because they would produce fresh meat during the winter months when larger animals were unavailable as a food source. In the past wealthy landowners often had pigeon houses and kept pigeons. Strict laws were enacted to protect the inhabitants of these structures.
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of domesticated pigeons arising from this common ancestor which are currently cultivated by pigeon fanciers. Because of the large number of domesticated breeds, pigeon fanciers find it convenient for certain purposes to group sets of domesticated pigeons into larger groups.
122:
Pigeon fanciers in other nations use different schemes in grouping domesticated pigeons; for example, a nationwide pigeon organization in
Germany uses a far different grouping scheme. The Australian grouping system is similar to the UK/European groupings. For example, see:
662:, After retiring in 2005, Tyson had a massive pigeon coop constructed in the backyard of his Paradise Valley home for his 350 pigeons; and even appeared in one season of an Animal Planet series in 2011 that documented him competing in the sport of pigeon racing.
345:
Again, pigeon fanciers often provide their birds (both mated and unmated pigeons) with more perches than the birds need. Because pigeons are also quite territorial about their perch it is best to ensure that every pigeon in the loft has many places to perch.
336:
Pigeon fanciers will often provide their mated pairs with nest boxes in which to build their nests. Because pigeons are quite territorial about their nesting area pigeons co-exist much more harmoniously when each mated pair has two nest boxes of its own.
445:. Sydney-based photographer Ho Hai Tran recently debuted his work On Pigeons which chronicled more than a year spent with the Pigeon Fanciers Society of New South Wales in Australia. The work was also exhibited in early 2013 in a show entitled
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80:. The hobby is gaining in popularity in the United States, after having waned within the last 50 years. Both the hobby and commercial aspects of keeping pigeons are thriving in other parts of the world.
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Because it can be difficult to determine the sex of a young pigeon it is also handy to have extra pens for pigeons that have been weaned but which have not given external indications of their sex yet.
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fed by their father. Establishing two breeding lines has also been suggested as a strategy, where one breeding line is selected for prolificacy and the other is selected for "parental performance".
501:
s character James is a
Catholic Glaswegian boy who has built a dovecote behind his flat. There is some discussion of the Glaswegian community of pigeon fanciers and the competition between them.
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enclosures used to house pigeons in as there are pigeon fanciers. There are no real constraints on the design of housing for pigeons but there are some things that most fanciers find desirable.
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DUP member of the
Northern Irish Assembly, representing the Upper Bann constituency. Jonathan comes from a family lineage of pigeon fanciers which dates back four generations.
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are several treatments which may help him or her to keep his or her pigeons. However, some cases are so severe that the fancier must avoid close contact with pigeons.
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203:. Their owners compete them against each other at exhibitions or pigeon shows and judges decide who has the best by comparing them to each other and their respective
361:, standing about 4m high in areas of waste ground close to housing estates. In New York City, pigeon fanciers often build pigeon lofts on the roof of the building.
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53:. People have practiced pigeon keeping for at least 5,000 years and in almost every part of the world. In that time, humans have substantially altered the
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There have been several portrayals of pigeon keeping and pigeon fanciers in the arts. One of the more famous portrayals of this hobby was in the film
2045:
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626:, famous inventor, fed the pigeons of New York City, nursing those who were sick or injured. Of the birds, he said, "These are my sincere friends."
674:, Queen of the United Kingdom who was fond of the Jacobin strain of fancy pigeons whose feathered "cowl" resembles the garments of Jacobin monks.
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They are able to separate young, unmated pigeons from mated and settled pairs. This allows the mated and settled pairs to breed better.
544:(died 1347), Mamluk sultan of Egypt, who was well known for engaging in pigeon raising and racing to the chagrin of his senior aides.
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which showcased portraits of some of the most notable fancy breeds including the Pouter, Jacobin, King and
Dragoon. In the musical
319:(pictured) uses openings set on an angle which are just wide enough for one bird to gain access by dropping through into the loft.
1944:
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Many pigeon fanciers build their pigeon loft with at least two pens. This allows a few positive outcomes for the pigeon fancier:
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680:, former Australian cricketer and Channel Nine cricket commentator. Bill's love of pigeons has been parodied in the successful
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Utility pigeons are bred for their meat and as replacement breeding stock. The meat of pigeons is customarily referred to as
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Fancy pigeons are pigeons which are specially bred to perpetuate particular features. Examples of fancy pigeons would include
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620:(1928–2002), Irish international footballer was said to prefer pigeon racing to the sport that he became famous for.
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In the United States and United
Kingdom, there are three major recognized groups of breeds of domesticated pigeons:
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area free of obstacles where the pigeons can fly as freely as they wish. This is usually referred to as a flypen.
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Livestock keeping in urban areas: a review of traditional technologies based on literature and field experiences
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Heidi S. Swinton, To the Rescue: The
Biography of Thomas S. Monson (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Company, 2010)
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476:. The projects were the result of months spent living with British pigeon fanciers during the racing season.
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Aggrey, S.E.; Cheng, K.M. (1993). "Genetic and
Posthatch Parental Influences on Growth in Pigeon Squabs".
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644:, English naturalist, kept fancy pigeon breeds for observation and anatomical study of his test breeding.
177:. Pigeons can also carry small light-weight packages, and have been used to smuggle drugs into a prison.
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there has been a tradition of pigeon keepers building their own freestanding urban pigeon lofts, or
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raised pigeons. Several episodes featured Simone tending to his pigeons on the roof of his home.
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and is considered a delicacy in many parts of the world. Examples of utility varieties include
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shot a black and white project documenting the lives of pigeon fanciers in the UK called
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at least five thousand years ago, when it is first mentioned in historical records from
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There have been portrayals of pigeon keeping in other art forms as well. The artist
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Pigeon fanciers often have their pigeon lofts in suitably modified garden sheds. In
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These pigeons are kept and bred for their aerial performance and for reproduction.
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was a fourth generation member of the Royal Family who has enjoyed the sport of
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They are able to separate their males from females in order to control breeding.
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604:, basketball player and coach, FIBA Hall of Famer, EuroLeague Basketball Legend
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inclement weather and give them nesting places in which to raise their squabs.
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contains six chapters on the history of pigeon fancying in the Arab world
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207:. There are many breeds of fancy pigeons of all sizes, colors and types.
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where the main character, Terry Malloy, is a pigeon keeper. In the film
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The Age of the
Crusades: The Near East from the Eleventh Century to 151
668:, deposed Panamanian dictator, had many palaces to house fancy pigeons.
632:, English footballer, coach and commentator is a pigeon racing fancier.
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has enjoyed raising
Birmingham Roller pigeons since he was a young boy.
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1052:"Pairing Behavior of Pigeons Related To Aggressiveness and Territory"
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838:. Port Perry, Ontario: Silvio Mattacchione and Company. p. 18.
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1476:. Union of European Football Associations (UEFA.com). 16 May 2003
550:, French revolutionary, raised pigeons and sparrows in his youth.
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has painted portraits of New York pigeon keepers as part of her
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1524:. Telegraph UK. Archived from the original on January 25, 2009
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Keeping pigeons has been found to lead to a condition called
468:, investigated pigeon fanciers to create a 2009 exhibition,
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1381:. British Pigeon Fanciers Medical Research. Archived from
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Pigeons: their structures, varieties,habits and management
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1209:. FAO animal production and health paper. Vol. 151.
1142:"Melody's description of the exhibition on her website"
1577:"Buckley's career takes flight | Portadown Times"
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732:Gilbert, M. Thomas P.; Shapiro, Michael D. (2014),
1254:New South Wales Department of Primary Industries
1181:. London: George Rutledge and Sons. p. 38.
1522:"Queen gives racing pigeons to juvenile prison"
1412:. Addison Wesley Longman Limited. p. 123.
911:"Lifelong dream comes true for pigeon fancier"
740:, New York, NY: Springer, pp. 5944–5948,
1669:
962:"Brazilian prisoners use pigeons to get high"
610:, the deranged ex-Nazi writer in the musical
92:, the wild ancestor of domestic pigeons, was
8:
426:who communicates only using homing pigeons.
834:Hiatt, Shannon; Esposito, DVM, Jon (2000).
464:The British visual and performance artist,
76:pigeons are commonly referred to as pigeon
1761:Smart breeding (Marker-assisted selection)
1676:
1662:
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1203:Schiere, Hans; van der Hoek, Rein (2001).
1617:. Sumter, S.C.: Levi Publishing Co, Inc.
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813:. Sumter, S.C.: Levi Publishing Co, Inc.
153:, trained to participate in the sport of
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1297:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111314
1116:. Overlooked New York. Archived from
7:
1315:Bourke, Stephen; Boyd,Gavin (1997).
785:"Pigeons gain in popularity as pets"
727:
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505:Origins of commercial pigeon keeping
169:. A few varieties, for example, the
125:Major breed families of fancy pigeon
27:Animal husbandry of domestic pigeons
2190:Selection methods in plant breeding
1557:"Rolling pigeons a rewarding hobby"
1085:"On The Waterfront (1954) Overview"
1050:Castoro, Paul L. & Guhl, A. M.
783:Allmendinger, Lisa (1 June 2008).
738:Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology
25:
1211:Food and Agriculture Organization
990:. Great Britain: Winckley Press.
457:, who writes the fictitious play
237:, several different varieties of
470:Demographics of a Pigeon Fancier
393:
378:
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1583:from the original on 2020-07-02
1502:from the original on 2021-03-07
1443:Robespierre, Charlotte (2001).
1426:from the original on 2016-05-20
1360:from the original on 2008-05-14
1263:from the original on 2008-09-05
1227:from the original on 2021-10-08
1185:from the original on 2021-10-08
1148:from the original on 2016-03-06
1094:from the original on 2008-05-13
1066:from the original on 2020-11-27
968:from the original on 2008-07-05
917:from the original on 2011-05-19
791:from the original on 2008-06-04
1649:UK National Pigeon Association
1639:US National Pigeon Association
811:Encyclopaedia of Pigeon Breeds
746:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2214
65:to suit their needs for food,
1:
964:. GlobeLife (June 27, 2009).
453:, the deranged ex-Nazi named
1474:"Pigeon Crisis For Ferguson"
1406:Holt, Peter Malcolm (1986).
1175:Tegetmeier, William (1868).
590:, a noted pigeon fancier in
566:player, enjoys the sport of
479:On the U.S. television show
1607:The Pigeon Wars of Damascus
1447:Adamant Media Corporation.
937:"Rocky enjoys national win"
887:(in German). Archived from
862:(in German). Archived from
472:, and a 2012 theatre show,
422:, the title character is a
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1496:"80 facts about The Queen"
1114:"Rooftop Pigeon Coop Guys"
736:, in Smith, Claire (ed.),
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2148:Marker-assisted selection
1736:Marker-assisted selection
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1541:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1090:. Turner Classic Movies.
986:McClary, Douglas (1999).
913:. The Press and Journal.
57:and the behaviour of the
1644:International Federation
734:"Pigeons: Domestication"
373:Pigeon loft in a garden.
100:. There are hundreds of
1336:10.1136/bmj.315.7100.70
1317:"Pigeon fancier's lung"
461:, is a pigeon fancier.
137:Flying/Sporting pigeons
131:Flying/Sporting pigeons
2230:Outbreeding depression
1613:Levi, Wendell (1977).
809:Levi, Wendell (1965).
787:. The Ann Arbor News.
548:Maximilien Robespierre
437:project. Photographer
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67:aesthetic satisfaction
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2235:Inbreeding depression
1751:Preservation breeding
1245:Bolla, Gerry (2007).
701:List of pigeon breeds
582:Leopold II of Belgium
529:pigeon fancier's lung
459:Springtime for Hitler
406:Portrayal in the arts
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225:A pair of White Kings
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84:Types of pigeons kept
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988:Pigeons for Everyone
1922:Designer crossbreed
1604:Kociejowski, Marius
1284:Journal of Heredity
1056:The Wilson Bulletin
435:Overlooked New York
353:and other areas of
69:and entertainment.
61:descendants of the
1756:Selective breeding
1705:Lists of cultivars
1165:Wendell (1977) 475
1037:Wendell (1977) 522
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1520:Cockcroft, Lucy.
1220:978-92-5-104575-6
942:. Fenland Citizen
755:978-1-4419-0465-2
542:Al-Muzaffar Hajji
413:On The Waterfront
249:All of the above
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1388:on 2007-12-31
1386:(Web Article)
1384:
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1379:"Pigeon Lung"
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201:Pigmy Pouters
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171:Parlor Roller
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155:pigeon racing
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151:homing pigeon
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147:Racing homers
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2136:and genetics
2110:Sweet potato
2061:
2054:
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2029:
2017:
1983:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1862:
1721:Backcrossing
1614:
1606:
1598:Bibliography
1585:. Retrieved
1571:
1560:. Retrieved
1551:
1526:. Retrieved
1515:
1504:. Retrieved
1490:
1480:10 September
1478:. Retrieved
1468:
1459:
1444:
1439:
1428:. Retrieved
1408:
1401:
1390:. Retrieved
1383:the original
1373:
1362:. Retrieved
1327:
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1288:
1282:
1276:
1265:. Retrieved
1240:
1229:. Retrieved
1205:
1198:
1187:. Retrieved
1177:
1170:
1161:
1150:. Retrieved
1136:
1125:. Retrieved
1118:the original
1107:
1096:. Retrieved
1079:
1068:. Retrieved
1062:(1): 57–69.
1059:
1055:
1033:
1024:
1015:
1006:
987:
981:
970:. Retrieved
955:
944:. Retrieved
930:
919:. Retrieved
904:
893:. Retrieved
889:the original
885:"VDT Online"
879:
868:. Retrieved
864:the original
860:"VDT Online"
854:
835:
829:
810:
804:
793:. Retrieved
778:
769:
759:, retrieved
737:
651:
624:Nikola Tesla
526:
517:
508:
493:
491:
487:Bobby Simone
485:, Detective
480:
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469:
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446:
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411:
409:
348:
344:
335:
326:
317:Sputnik trap
316:
313:
296:
285:
272:
268:
235:King pigeons
228:
190:
187:Fancy pigeon
144:
121:
107:
94:domesticated
87:
71:
59:domesticated
49:of breeding
42:
38:
37:
2245:Sex linkage
2210:Codominance
2183:stabilizing
2163:directional
2049:(daffodils)
1963:Callistemon
1746:Outcrossing
648:Yul Brynner
495:Young Mungo
175:pigeon post
98:Mesopotamia
72:People who
18:Pigeon coop
2316:Categories
2296:Rare breed
2168:disruptive
2105:Strawberry
1836:Guinea pig
1731:Inbreeding
1726:Crossbreed
1615:The Pigeon
1587:2020-07-02
1562:2022-09-09
1528:2008-08-05
1506:2008-08-05
1453:0543909700
1430:2016-01-09
1392:2008-01-05
1364:2008-01-05
1267:2009-09-03
1231:2021-10-08
1189:2021-10-08
1152:2015-05-08
1127:2008-01-05
1098:2008-05-02
1070:2013-03-26
972:2008-07-05
946:2008-06-13
940:(Web news)
921:2008-07-15
895:2008-04-18
870:2008-04-18
795:2008-06-02
761:2021-12-11
717:References
678:Bill Lawry
660:Mike Tyson
492:The novel
439:Zak Waters
332:Nest boxes
263:See also:
55:morphology
2327:Livestock
2250:F1 hybrid
2225:Heterosis
2215:Epistasis
2205:Dominance
2200:Phenotype
2158:balancing
2115:Sweetcorn
2098:cultivars
2062:Nepenthes
2047:Narcissus
2030:Grevillea
1990:Cherimoya
1689:cultivars
1445:Memoirs.
650:, actor,
562:, former
482:NYPD Blue
419:Ghost Dog
239:Mondaines
90:rock dove
63:rock dove
2291:Landrace
2281:Germline
2276:Eugenics
2220:Dwarfing
2195:Genotype
2173:negative
2093:breeders
2012:Cucumber
1984:Capsicum
1977:Cannabis
1945:Japanese
1863:breeding
1846:breeding
1809:breeding
1771:Purebred
1581:Archived
1537:cite web
1500:Archived
1424:Archived
1358:Archived
1258:Archived
1225:Archived
1183:Archived
1146:Archived
1092:Archived
1064:Archived
966:Archived
915:Archived
789:Archived
711:Dovecote
695:See also
592:Arendonk
584:in 1886.
355:Scotland
265:Dovecote
197:Fantails
193:Jacobins
167:Tipplers
163:Tumblers
78:fanciers
2271:Breeder
2143:Culling
2055:Nemesia
2018:Gazania
2000:hybrids
1799:Chicken
1714:Methods
1354:9240034
1345:2127076
596:Belgium
564:Everton
523:Hazards
443:Birdmen
388:doocot.
386:Glasgow
359:doocots
351:Glasgow
341:Perches
243:Carneau
159:Rollers
118:Utility
47:science
2120:Tomato
2068:Olives
2007:Coffee
1995:Citrus
1952:Banana
1880:Turkey
1870:Rabbit
1858:Pigeon
1816:Donkey
1794:Cattle
1766:Hybrid
1685:Breeds
1621:
1451:
1416:
1352:
1342:
1217:
994:
842:
817:
752:
424:hitman
323:Flypen
273:These
165:, and
102:breeds
2259:Other
2073:Onion
2041:Mango
2024:Grape
1970:Canna
1957:Basil
1940:Apple
1875:Sheep
1841:Horse
1831:Goose
1261:(PDF)
1250:(PDF)
499:'
447:Fancy
231:squab
115:Fancy
74:breed
2088:Rose
2083:Rice
2078:Pear
1826:Goat
1821:Duck
1687:and
1619:ISBN
1543:link
1482:2015
1449:ISBN
1414:ISBN
1350:PMID
1215:ISBN
992:ISBN
840:ISBN
815:ISBN
750:ISBN
241:and
199:and
139:and
88:The
2036:Hop
1853:Pig
1804:Dog
1789:Cat
1340:PMC
1332:doi
1328:315
1324:BMJ
1293:doi
742:doi
41:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
