770:
1157:
1013:
143:
1534:
57:
1068:. This was indicated by overstamping the two new coins. The obverse of the holey dollar was stamped the words "New South Wales" and the date, 1813, and the reverse with the words "five shillings". The obverse of the dump was stamped with a crown, the words "New South Wales" and the date, 1813, and the reverse with the words "fifteen pence". The mutilated coins became the first official currency produced specifically for circulation in Australia. The expedient was relatively short lived. The
1320:
357:
225:
1520:
1390:
1097:
lucrative trade with the West Indies. The
Spanish silver dollar had been the world's outstanding coin since the early 16th century, and was spread partially by dint of the vast silver output of the Spanish colonies in Latin America. More important, however, was that the Spanish dollar, from the 16th to the 19th century, was relatively the most stable and least debased coin in the Western world.
1418:
1348:
297:
1376:
1334:
1404:
1306:
1292:
1362:
2051:
1271:
Contemporary names used for
Spanish dollars in Qing dynasty China include běnyáng (本洋), shuāngzhù (双柱), zhùyáng (柱洋), fóyáng (佛洋), fótóu (佛頭), fóyín (佛銀), and fótóuyín (佛頭銀). The "fó" element in those Chinese names referred to the King of Spain in those coins, as his face resembled that of images of
1096:
By far the leading specie coin circulating in
America was the Spanish silver dollar, defined as consisting of 387 grains of pure silver. The dollar was divided into "pieces of eight," or "bits," each consisting of one-eighth of a dollar. Spanish dollars came into the North American colonies through
787:
in
Austria in 1486, the concept of a large silver coin with high purity (sometimes known as "specie" coinage) eventually spread throughout the rest of Europe. Monetary reform in Spain brought about the introduction of an 8-real (or 1-peso) coin in 1497, minted to the following standards-
1030:
and the introduction of the peso worth 8 reales or 100 centavos. It continued to be minted to
Spanish standards throughout the 19th century, with the peso at 27.07 grams (0.955 oz) of 0.9028 fine silver, and the escudo at 3.383 grams (0.1193 oz) of 0.875 fine gold. The
1055:
made creative use of £10,000 in
Spanish dollars sent by the British government. To make it difficult to take the coins out of the colony, and to double their number, the centres of the coins were punched out. The punched centre, known as the "dump", was valued at 15
1038:
After 1918, the peso was reduced in size and fineness, with further reductions in the 1940s and 1950s. However, 2- (1921), 5- (1947) and 10-peso (1955) coins were minted during the same period with sizes and fineness similar to the old peso.
750:
was used in
Ireland and the British colonies to mean a piece of eight or a Spanish-American dollar, because Spanish gold and silver coins were irregularly shaped and crudely struck before the machine-milled dollar was introduced in 1732.
1105:
specified that the U.S. dollar would contain 371.25 grains (24.057 g) pure or 416 grains (26.96 g) standard silver. This specification was based on the average weight of a random selection of worn
Spanish dollars which
1235:
coins had the same specification as a
Spanish dollar, leading to a continuing equivalence in some respects between the names "yuan" and "dollar" in the Chinese language. Other currencies also derived from the dollar include the
1110:
ordered to be weighed at the
Treasury. Initially this dollar was comparable to the 371–373 grains found in circulating Spanish dollars and aided in its exportation overseas. The restoration of the old 0.9028 fineness in the
1216:, since silver was the only foreign commodity China would accept. In Oriental trade, Spanish dollars were often stamped with Chinese characters known as "chop marks" which indicated that particular coin had been
2159:
1507:, the antagonist Reacher Gilt (who physically resembles a stereotypical pirate) has a cockatoo named Alphonse which has been trained to say "Twelve and half percent!", that is to say a single piece of eight.
1461:. Deriving from the wide popularity of this book, "pieces of eight" is sometimes used to mean "money" or "a lot of money", regardless of specific denomination, and also as a synonym for treasure in general.
2307:
1072:
passed the Sterling Silver Money Act in 1825, which made British coins the only recognised form of currency and ended any legitimate use of the holey dollar and dump in the Australian colonies.
1051:
was founded in Australia in 1788, it ran into the problem of a lack of coinage, particularly since trading vessels took coins out of the colony in exchange for their cargo. In 1813, Governor
731:
For the English North American colonists, however, the Spanish peso or "piece of eight" has always held first place, and this coin was also called the "dollar" as early as 1581. After the
1126:
policies, there was a chronic shortage of British currency in Britain's colonies. Trade was often conducted with Spanish dollars that had been obtained through illicit trade with the
2608:
4627:
1597:
2025:
1733:
1220:
by a well-known merchant and determined to be genuine. The specifications of the Spanish dollar became a standard for trade in the Far East, with later Western powers issuing
4647:
5565:
850:, minted at 68 to a mark of gold 0.917 fine (fineness reduced to 0.906 in 1742 and 0.875 in 1786). It was valued at 15–16 reales or approximately 2 dollars. The famed
2155:
591:
pesos. Of these, "peso" remains the name of the official currency in the Philippines, Mexico, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Colombia, Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay.
5112:
4607:
2047:
5570:
4657:
4262:
2258:
3620:
1466:
312:"Charles IV by the Grace of God, 1806." Right profile of Charles IV in soldier's dress with laurel wreath. It was under the reign of this monarch that the
5497:
3150:
515:
was used in Spanish to refer to this denomination, and it became the basis for many of the currencies in the former Spanish viceroyalties, including the
1917:
5609:
732:
5477:
4581:
3259:
4561:
1895:
1812:
508:, which originally had two vertical bars, to the pillars of Hercules wrapped in ribbons that appear on the reverse side of the Spanish dollar.
481:
Because the Spanish dollar was widely used in Europe, the Americas, and the Far East, it became the first world currency by the 16th century.
5654:
5335:
4297:
4166:
3793:
3789:
3446:
2087:
1669:
1630:
4793:
5430:
5425:
4199:
3842:
3295:
1057:
909:), and silver dollars from these mints could be distinguished from those minted in Spain by the Pillars of Hercules design on the reverse.
1593:
5659:
5492:
4612:
2017:
1725:
4728:
3384:
916:
until the 19th century when the peso was divided into 100 centavos. However, monetary turbulence in Spain beginning under the reign of
5624:
5259:
4576:
4512:
4234:
4214:
3689:
3421:
1959:
3729:
3359:
2763:
5234:
4632:
4176:
2879:
2193:
2128:
1772:
1702:
5325:
4901:
3471:
241:"Both (are) one, Mexico , 1753." Displays two hemispheres of a world map, crowned between the Pillars of Hercules adorned with the
769:
384:"King of the Spains and the Indies, Mexico , 8 reales." Crowned Spanish coat of arms between the Pillars of Hercules adorned with
328:"King of the Spains and the Indies, Mexico , 8 Reales." Crowned Spanish coat of arms between the Pillars of Hercules adorned with
5525:
4841:
4836:
4209:
3693:
2618:
2334:
1069:
31:
5041:
5462:
5254:
4390:
4340:
4325:
4224:
3911:
3813:
3089:
1470:
the Pirate Lords must meet together by presenting the "Nine Pieces of Eight", since these Pieces were used to seal the goddess
4896:
4637:
3079:
743:
arrived at these numbers based on a treasury assay of the average fine silver content of a selection of worn Spanish dollars.
466:
following a monetary reform in 1497 with content 25.563 g (0.8219 ozt) fine silver. It was widely used as the first
5482:
5420:
5219:
4350:
4330:
4302:
4219:
4194:
4054:
3862:
3769:
3699:
3676:
3094:
2978:
5445:
5274:
5031:
4718:
2134:
2093:
1675:
1636:
1115:
after 1821, however, increased the latter's silver content to 24.44 g and reduced the export demand for U.S. dollars.
5575:
5530:
5472:
5450:
5264:
5036:
4831:
4826:
4507:
4492:
3577:
3441:
3394:
3110:
857:
From the 15th to the 19th centuries the coin was minted with several different designs at various mints in Spain and the
5467:
5455:
5435:
4966:
4788:
4267:
3647:
3456:
3252:
2578:
1026:
Following independence in 1821, Mexican coinage of silver reales and gold escudos followed that of Spanish lines until
5440:
5340:
4971:
4423:
4355:
3324:
2673:
2543:
600:
4891:
4798:
4738:
861:, having gained wide acceptance beyond Spain's borders. Thanks to the vast silver deposits that were found mainly in
724:). The latter coin was used for Dutch trade in the Middle East, in the Dutch East Indies and West Indies, and in the
5375:
4758:
4713:
4385:
4272:
4184:
4156:
3783:
3753:
3389:
3170:
2548:
2479:
1458:
1436:
1253:
997:
meant the effective end of the last vestiges of the Spanish dollar in Spain itself. However, the 5-peseta coin (or
3374:
3344:
1156:
1012:
5294:
5244:
5102:
5001:
4497:
4370:
4335:
4287:
4189:
3801:
3685:
3339:
3175:
3130:
2678:
2558:
1048:
3466:
3451:
2281:
2275:
1852:
Sumner, W. G. (1898). "The Spanish dollar and the colonial shilling, pp 616-617: 24.038g fine / 27.07g = 0.89".
5239:
5122:
5021:
5016:
4956:
4375:
4365:
4151:
3854:
3765:
2573:
2409:
882:
5082:
4881:
4783:
4698:
2048:"Report of the Philippine commission to the President, January 31, 1900, page 142-149, Part IX: The Currency"
5664:
5289:
5147:
4991:
4931:
4482:
4380:
4345:
4292:
3797:
3761:
3491:
3364:
3349:
3245:
2784:
2563:
2538:
2308:
The 8 reales: the history of the 1st international coin that gave rise to almost all the world's currencies.
1928:
1145:
1065:
1148:
converted first to pricing in sixteenths of a dollar on 24 June 1997, and then in 2001 to decimal pricing.
842:
or 0.9028 fine (24.443 g fine silver = 0,78554 oz t); but true fineness 1772–1821 believed to be only 0.89.
504:, were initially based on the Spanish dollar and other 8-real coins. Most theories trace the origin of the
142:
5580:
5152:
5087:
4723:
4591:
4477:
4360:
4320:
3964:
3757:
3416:
3406:
3120:
2827:
2464:
1444:
1173:
347:
3923:
5380:
5026:
4436:
4257:
4146:
4085:
4013:
3624:
3304:
2945:
2940:
2805:
2708:
2658:
2593:
2399:
215:
78:
56:
5560:
4961:
4871:
4748:
4708:
4667:
3636:
1417:
1004:
In the 1990s, commemorative 2,000-peseta coins were minted, similar in size and weight to the dollar.
372:"Ferdinand VII by the Grace of God, 1821." Right profile of Ferdinand VII with cloak and laurel wreath
5535:
5204:
5167:
5157:
5097:
5061:
4996:
4976:
4851:
4773:
4683:
4502:
3379:
3369:
2810:
2698:
2643:
2489:
2327:
2290:
1563:
1423:
1319:
1273:
1232:
1089:
994:
982:
874:
739:
was introduced in 1792 at par with this coin at 371.25 grains = 0.7735 troy ounces = 24.0566 g.
736:
485:
74:
1887:
1804:
5604:
5360:
5350:
5345:
5229:
5209:
5162:
5142:
5051:
4946:
4941:
4886:
4856:
4622:
4247:
4204:
4161:
4090:
4059:
3830:
3809:
3775:
3681:
3651:
3582:
3426:
3399:
3299:
2869:
2663:
2653:
2648:
2553:
2404:
1471:
1217:
1189:
1131:
1119:
1102:
1081:
493:
287:
185:
162:
4816:
710:
The Netherlands also introduced its own dollars in the 16th century: the Burgundian Cross Thaler (
5365:
5355:
5330:
5284:
5249:
5107:
4693:
4566:
4064:
4044:
3704:
3592:
3481:
3319:
3140:
3084:
2971:
2884:
2748:
2693:
2688:
2588:
2449:
2247:
1998:
1869:
1539:
1107:
1085:
1035:
or 8-real coin continued to be a popular international trading coin throughout the 19th century.
917:
740:
611:
313:
84:
4688:
4617:
1836:, entry on "dollar", definition 2 ("The English name for the peso or piece of eight (i.e. eight
1272:
the Buddha (佛 in Chinese); and the "zhù" part of those names referred to the two pillars in the
1764:
5619:
5545:
5487:
5320:
5092:
5066:
5056:
5046:
4981:
4936:
4866:
4846:
4821:
4768:
4743:
4008:
3562:
3558:
3535:
3476:
3431:
3290:
2832:
2758:
2753:
2738:
2733:
2613:
2517:
2474:
2469:
2454:
2364:
2189:
2124:
2083:
1768:
1665:
1626:
1249:
1052:
725:
704:
696:
572:
471:
133:
47:
1389:
5555:
5177:
5172:
5137:
5117:
4876:
4753:
4652:
4556:
4018:
3858:
3709:
3641:
3587:
3115:
2683:
2633:
2628:
2598:
2583:
2568:
2459:
2424:
2384:
2374:
2239:
1990:
1861:
1457:'s parrot has learned to cry out "Pieces of eight!" This use tied the coin (and parrots) to
1454:
1347:
1225:
1213:
1169:
532:
408:
105:
2299:
1956:
5649:
5370:
5310:
5224:
5132:
5006:
4986:
4951:
4733:
4703:
4642:
4252:
4242:
4023:
3915:
3872:
3632:
3540:
3411:
3204:
3180:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3135:
3125:
3048:
3038:
2728:
2713:
2638:
2603:
2484:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2419:
2394:
2369:
2320:
2294:
2230:
Pond, Shepard (February 1941). "The Spanish Dollar: The World's Most Famous Silver Coin".
2181:
2073:
1968:
1963:
1952:
1698:
1498:
1486:
1449:
1245:
1181:
870:
659:, a word that eventually found its way into many European languages including the Spanish
588:
580:
568:
564:
560:
548:
544:
501:
197:
115:
109:
5279:
1016:
Spanish Real de a Ocho coin (sometimes referred to as a "dollar") minted in Mexico City
707:, used from the 16th to 19th centuries, of 25.984 g (0.8354 ozt) pure silver.
5597:
5214:
5127:
5011:
4763:
4586:
4571:
4472:
4446:
4312:
3907:
3901:
3805:
3572:
3486:
3436:
3314:
3268:
3225:
3190:
3104:
3063:
3058:
3028:
3018:
3008:
2915:
2889:
2874:
2864:
2723:
2703:
2623:
2533:
2512:
1757:
1573:
1333:
1209:
1197:
1193:
1176:
in bulk back to Spain, making them a very tempting target for seagoing pirates. In the
1027:
990:
974:
967:
954:
902:
877:), and to silver from Spain's possessions throughout the Americas, mints in Mexico and
784:
621:
584:
540:
528:
516:
467:
463:
269:
5643:
4778:
3628:
3545:
3354:
3145:
3099:
2964:
2668:
2414:
2389:
2379:
2312:
2114:
1375:
1291:
913:
638:
576:
552:
520:
881:
also began to strike the coin. The main New World mints for Spanish dollars were at
5550:
5540:
5269:
4808:
4662:
4487:
4003:
3779:
3461:
3309:
3043:
3013:
2956:
2935:
2920:
2743:
2507:
1558:
1525:
1503:
1479:
1361:
1325:
1237:
1221:
1123:
1112:
1061:
1032:
978:
890:
760:
716:
700:
686:
556:
524:
497:
489:
459:
265:
193:
4861:
3931:
1435:
In modern pop culture and fiction, pieces of eight are most often associated with
1403:
1305:
356:
5620:
Law of coartación (which allowed slaves to buy their freedom, and that of others)
2118:
2077:
1659:
1620:
4451:
4441:
4277:
3846:
3220:
2910:
2905:
2848:
2779:
1553:
1491:
1482:'s) hangs off his bandana in all films, up to its destruction in the third film.
1281:
1261:
1185:
1127:
630:
505:
475:
224:
2223:
The Silver Way: China, Spanish America and the Birth of Globalisation 1565–1815
5315:
4049:
3719:
3329:
3023:
2800:
1515:
1241:
1134:
discontinued the practice. The pricing of equities on U.S. stock exchanges in
898:
536:
17:
2156:"Chinese Guides for identifying Silver Dollars and Other Coins, 19th Century"
1001:) was slightly smaller and lighter but was also of high purity (90%) silver.
4282:
4039:
3939:
3616:
3550:
1475:
1297:
1265:
858:
689:(29.2 g; 0.94 ozt) of silver. These coins' success led to similar
296:
1759:
Under the Black Flag: The Romance and the Reality of Life Among the Pirates
894:
862:
2220:
2211:
4456:
3566:
3334:
2987:
2343:
2270:
1548:
1353:
1339:
1257:
1177:
906:
2018:"'The Silver Way' Explains How the Old Mexican Dollar Changed the World"
1726:"'The Silver Way' Explains How the Old Mexican Dollar Changed the World"
5614:
5585:
4138:
4095:
4080:
3724:
2251:
2002:
1873:
1568:
1367:
866:
615:
261:
189:
88:
1981:
Sumner, W. G. (1898). "The Spanish Dollar and the Colonial Shilling".
258:"Ferdinand VI, by the Grace of God, King of the Spains and the Indies"
4551:
4105:
4100:
3877:
2925:
2348:
1205:
1165:
667:
649:
452:
2243:
1994:
1865:
1092:
at par with the Spanish dollar due to its international reputation:
5592:
3919:
3866:
3714:
3530:
2930:
1409:
1395:
1381:
1311:
1155:
1130:. Spanish coinage was legal tender in the United States until the
1011:
920:
resulted in the dollar being subdivided as follows in Spain only:
768:
488:
was based (at 0.7735 troy ounces or 24.06 grams), and it remained
182:"Philip V, by the Grace of God, King of the Spains and the Indies"
3237:
1842:), formerly current in Spain and the Spanish American colonies").
3935:
3927:
3850:
2992:
886:
878:
764:
512:
478:
the Spanish dollar so it could be used as their local currency.
455:
445:
5514:
5409:
4533:
4411:
4126:
3985:
3953:
3890:
3827:
3742:
3665:
3605:
3519:
3508:
3279:
3241:
2960:
2316:
458:
of approximately 38 mm (1.5 in) diameter worth eight
2287:
2120:
The Confusions of Pleasure: Commerce and Culture in Ming China
1622:
Globalization from Genesis to Geneva: A Confluence of Humanity
161:
Displays two hemispheres of a world map, crowned between the
699:
and France and their ultimate succession by the long-lived
83:
Displays the arms of the Catholic Monarchs post 1492, with
2238:(1). The President and Fellows of Harvard College: 12–16.
2123:, Berkeley: University of California Press, p. 205,
1478:
by the first Brethren Court. The "ninth piece of eight" (
87:
in base. Letter S on the left is the sign of the mint of
1699:"Origin and history of the world dollar and dollar sign"
912:
The dollar or peso was divided into 8 reales in Spanish
806:
dollars to a Castilian mark of silver (230.0465 grams),
484:
The Spanish dollar was the coin upon which the original
1490:
is the eighth studio album and second concept album by
2217:(British Museum, 2015): The Dollar (pp. 130–145).
496:. Many other currencies around the world, such as the
30:"Pieces of eight" redirects here. For other uses, see
3583:
Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, northernmost France
5303:
5197:
5190:
5075:
4924:
4917:
4910:
4807:
4676:
4600:
4544:
4465:
4422:
4311:
4233:
4175:
4137:
4073:
4032:
3996:
3213:
3072:
3001:
2898:
2857:
2841:
2820:
2793:
2772:
2526:
2498:
2357:
829:
or 0.9167 fine (24.809 g fine silver = 0.7976 oz t)
816:
or 0.9306 fine (25.561 g fine silver = 0.8218 oz t)
91:
and VIII on the right i.e. eight in roman numerals.
2214:Symbols of Power: Ten Coins That Changed the World
1756:
869:and to a lesser extent in Mexico (for example, at
1661:Pacific Eldorado: A History of Greater California
1212:, where it would be exchanged for Philippine and
924:Until 1642: $ 1 = 8 reales, subsequently called
854:was worth 2 escudos or approximately 4 dollars.
2079:1493: Uncovering the New World Columbus Created
114:Displays the personal emblems of the monarchs:
773:A silver Spanish dollar minted in Mexico City
3772:, a northernmost portion of Brazilian Amazon)
3253:
2972:
2328:
1888:"National Museum of Australia - Holey dollar"
1837:
1256:, etc. since it was widely traded across the
1168:, "pieces of eight" were manufactured in the
1160:1888 Mexican dollar with Chinese "chop" marks
660:
442:
434:
426:
418:
8:
3447:Independence of Spanish continental Americas
1594:"Dissemination of Hispanic-American coinage"
690:
680:
654:
642:
628:
619:
2232:Bulletin of the Business Historical Society
260:Displays the arms of Castile and León with
5511:
5406:
5194:
4921:
4914:
4541:
4530:
4419:
4408:
4134:
4123:
3993:
3982:
3950:
3887:
3824:
3739:
3662:
3602:
3516:
3505:
3276:
3260:
3246:
3238:
3151:Japanese government-issued Philippine peso
2979:
2965:
2957:
2335:
2321:
2313:
2082:, Random House Digital, pp. 123–163,
1144:-dollar denominations persisted until the
846:This was supplemented in 1537 by the gold
470:because of its uniformity in standard and
5566:Colonial universities in Hispanic America
1625:. Trafford Publishing. pp. 104–105.
5571:Colonial universities in the Philippines
2300:The Colonial Coinage of Spanish America:
1786:
1784:
1467:Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End
4562:Free Company of Volunteers of Catalonia
2303:An introduction by Daniel Frank Sedwick
1927:. Australian Government. Archived from
1585:
1287:
618:began minting a silver coin known as a
2221:Gordon, Peter and Morales, Juan José,
1790:National Geographic. June 2002. p. 1.
1658:Thomas J. Osborne (29 November 2012).
1224:, and colonial currencies such as the
116:Isabella's yoke and Ferdinand's arrows
2137:from the original on 18 February 2023
2096:from the original on 18 February 2023
2054:from the original on 10 February 2024
1678:from the original on 10 February 2024
1664:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 31.
1639:from the original on 10 February 2024
1600:from the original on 29 December 2011
1180:, it also arrived in the form of the
316:began the U.S. silver dollar in 1794.
7:
3843:Captaincy General of the Philippines
3335:New Laws in favour of the indigenous
2016:Babones, Salvatore (30 April 2017).
1724:Babones, Salvatore (30 April 2017).
733:Declaration of American Independence
5546:Indochristian painting in New Spain
2028:from the original on 1 October 2023
1957:Commodity Money in Colonial America
1736:from the original on 1 October 2023
1060:, and the outer rim, known as the "
4513:Commerce Consulate of Buenos Aires
2162:from the original on 21 March 2019
25:
3487:Independence of Equatorial Guinea
1815:from the original on 10 July 2018
675:Europe and colonial North America
5598:Criollos in the colonial society
5526:Spanish missions in the Americas
4648:Charles Bonaventure de Longueval
2619:Malaya and British Borneo dollar
1898:from the original on 2 June 2021
1705:from the original on 6 June 2023
1532:
1518:
1416:
1402:
1388:
1374:
1360:
1346:
1332:
1318:
1304:
1290:
970:(different from the gold escudo)
474:characteristics. Some countries
355:
295:
223:
141:
101:REX ET REGINA CASTELE LEGIONIS A
55:
32:Pieces of Eight (disambiguation)
5625:Great Potosí Mint Fraud of 1649
3090:Argentine peso moneda corriente
1494:, released on 1 September 1978.
1459:fictional depictions of pirates
492:in the United States until the
255:FERDND VI D G HISPAN ET IND REX
159:"Both (are) one, Mexico , 1739"
3677:Captaincy General of Guatemala
3385:Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)
3095:Argentine peso moneda nacional
1983:The American Historical Review
1854:The American Historical Review
1228:, to the same specifications.
973:And finally, in 1869: $ 1 = 5
783:After the introduction of the
179:PHILIP V D G HISPAN ET IND REX
38:
1:
5576:General Archive of the Indies
4837:Francisco Vázquez de Coronado
4508:Camino Real de Tierra Adentro
4493:Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas
3442:Third Treaty of San Ildefonso
3395:War of the Spanish Succession
3360:Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)
2764:Zimbabwean dollar (2019–2024)
2271:History of the Real de a Ocho
1437:the popular notion of pirates
1210:Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade
1017:
977:, the latter at par with the
774:
720:, and the Dutch lion dollar (
5655:1497 establishments in Spain
3648:Captaincy General of Yucatan
3578:Union with Holy Roman Empire
3557:Southern Italy (Kingdoms of
3472:German–Spanish Treaty (1899)
2579:Danish West Indian rigsdaler
1805:"Lion Dollar - Introduction"
1619:Woodcock, Ray (1 May 2009).
993:in 1869 and its joining the
641:where the silver was mined.
310:CAROLUS IIII DEI GRATIA 1806
70:FERNANDVS ET ELISABET DEI GR
4128:Administrative subdivisions
3325:War of the League of Cognac
2674:Prince Edward Island dollar
2544:British North Borneo dollar
2284:(archived 14 February 2009)
2278:(archived 14 February 2009)
2259:Ferdinand VII Holey Dollars
1596:. Encyclopædia Britannica.
1201:
832:In 1772: $ 8.50 to a mark,
819:In 1728: $ 8.50 to a mark,
712:Bourgondrische Kruisdaalder
610:In the 16th century, Count
601:Currency of Spanish America
382:HISPAN ET IND REX M 8 R I I
326:HISPAN ET IND REX M 8 R T H
5681:
5660:Modern obsolete currencies
4842:Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar
4827:Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada
4729:Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
3627:), Western United States (
3390:Portuguese Restoration War
3171:Portuguese Timorese pataca
2609:Japanese occupation dollar
2549:British West Indies dollar
2480:Trinidad and Tobago dollar
2288:Information on Columnarios
2212:Hockenhull, Thomas (ed.),
1254:French Indochinese piastre
1088:and initially defined the
758:
598:
370:FERDIN VII DEI GRATIA 1821
29:
27:Coin of the Spanish Empire
5610:Slavery in Spanish Empire
5521:
5510:
5416:
5405:
4897:Pere d'Alberní i Teixidor
4638:Álvaro de Bazán the Elder
4540:
4529:
4498:Barcelona Trading Company
4418:
4407:
4263:New Andalusia (1501–1513)
4133:
4122:
3992:
3981:
3960:
3897:
3838:
3770:Venezuela, part of Guyana
3749:
3672:
3623:, Central United States (
3612:
3526:
3515:
3504:
3355:Bruneian–Spanish conflict
3340:Expulsion of the Moriscos
3286:
3275:
3131:Equatorial Guinean peseta
2559:Confederate States dollar
1834:Oxford English Dictionary
1755:Cordingly, David (1996).
1164:Long tied to the lore of
1049:colony of New South Wales
629:
354:
345:
294:
285:
222:
213:
140:
131:
54:
45:
5551:Quito painting tradition
5541:Cusco painting tradition
4902:García López de Cárdenas
4892:Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera
4799:Felipe González de Ahedo
4719:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
3296:Conquest of the Americas
3111:Chilean peso (1817–1960)
3080:Argentine peso argentino
2574:Danish West Indian daler
2410:Eastern Caribbean dollar
2293:24 December 2018 at the
1763:. Random House. p.
989:Spain's adoption of the
5336:Comuneros (New Granada)
5113:Balearic Islands (1558)
4832:Hernán Pérez de Quesada
4759:Ruy López de Villalobos
4714:Miguel López de Legazpi
4628:García de Toledo Osorio
3492:Western Sahara conflict
3482:Independence of Morocco
3422:Treaty of Madrid (1750)
3365:Piracy in the Caribbean
3350:French Wars of Religion
2833:Project Entropia Dollar
2785:Pitcairn Islands dollar
2539:British Columbia dollar
2226:(Penguin Special, 2017)
1918:"History: Fact Sheet 1"
1194:Spanish colonial empire
1146:New York Stock Exchange
714:), the German-inspired
647:was later shortened to
462:. It was minted in the
81:, by the Grace of God"
5581:Colonial Spanish Horse
5255:Colonia del Sacramento
4478:Spanish treasure fleet
4055:Royal Decree of Graces
3121:Cuban convertible peso
2465:Solomon Islands dollar
1838:
1445:Robert Louis Stevenson
1161:
1099:
1023:
957:; edict not effective)
780:
691:
681:
661:
655:
643:
620:
468:international currency
443:
435:
427:
419:
412:
348:Ferdinand VII of Spain
286:Silver dollar of King
4739:Vasco Núñez de Balboa
4699:Juan Sebastián Elcano
4014:Council of the Indies
3375:Spanish–Moro conflict
3345:Ottoman–Habsburg wars
3305:Treaty of Tordesillas
2946:Zimbabwean bond notes
2941:Zimbabwean bond coins
2813:(Geary–Khamis dollar)
2709:Sierra Leonean dollar
2659:Norwegian speciedaler
2594:Greenlandic rigsdaler
2400:Cayman Islands dollar
2022:The National Interest
1925:Royal Australian Mint
1730:The National Interest
1159:
1094:
1015:
893:(with minor mints at
772:
238:VTRAQUE VNUM M 1753 M
216:Ferdinand VI of Spain
184:Displays the arms of
46:Silver dollar of the
5536:Mesoamerican Codices
5260:Comuneros (Paraguay)
5098:Siege of Castelnuovo
4684:Christopher Columbus
4503:Consulate of the Sea
4483:Casa de Contratación
4074:Titles and positions
3467:Spanish–American War
3457:Liberal constitution
3300:Asia and the Pacific
2811:International dollar
2699:Saint Vincent dollar
2644:New Brunswick dollar
2490:United States dollar
2158:. 16 February 2018.
1962:18 June 2015 at the
1564:Maria Theresa thaler
1424:United Arab Emirates
1274:Spanish coat of arms
1090:United States dollar
995:Latin Monetary Union
983:Latin Monetary Union
960:From 1737: $ 1 = 20
930:From 1642: $ 1 = 10
737:United States dollar
486:United States dollar
403:, also known as the
5265:Cartagena de Indias
4887:Diego de Mazariegos
4857:Pere Fages i Beleta
4724:Sebastián de Ocampo
4205:Provincias Internas
4177:Captaincies General
4091:Municipal president
4060:School of Salamanca
3831:Spanish East Indies
3810:Misiones Orientales
3682:Spanish West Indies
3646:, Central America (
3593:Pyrénées-Orientales
3546:Union with Portugal
3437:Napoleonic invasion
3417:War of Jenkins' Ear
2870:Canadian Tire money
2679:Puerto Rican dollar
2664:Nova Scotian dollar
2654:Norwegian rigsdaler
2649:Newfoundland dollar
2554:Ceylonese rixdollar
2405:Cook Islands dollar
1202:Mexican silver peso
1190:Spanish East Indies
1132:Coinage Act of 1857
1122:, owing to British
1120:American Revolution
1103:Coinage Act of 1792
1082:Coinage Act of 1792
932:reales provinciales
494:Coinage Act of 1857
288:Charles IV of Spain
163:Pillars of Hercules
156:VTRAQUE VNUM M 1739
104:"King and Queen of
5561:Academia Antártica
5516:Other civil topics
4882:Pánfilo de Narváez
4784:Sebastián Vizcaíno
4749:Andrés de Urdaneta
4709:Juan Ponce de León
4694:Ferdinand Magellan
4668:Bernardo de Gálvez
4567:Indian auxiliaries
4065:Trial of residence
4045:Laws of the Indies
3829:Asia and Oceania (
3690:Dominican Republic
3141:Guinea-Bissau peso
3085:Argentine peso ley
2885:Salt Spring dollar
2749:Trinidadian dollar
2694:Saint Lucia dollar
2689:Saint Kitts dollar
2589:Dutch rijksdaalder
2564:Continental dollar
2450:New Zealand dollar
2276:Hispan collections
1540:Numismatics portal
1284:in other countries
1162:
1108:Alexander Hamilton
1086:United States Mint
1070:British Parliament
1064:", was worth five
1024:
781:
741:Alexander Hamilton
728:of North America.
695:s being minted in
637:the valley in the
612:Hieronymus Schlick
314:United States Mint
5637:
5636:
5633:
5632:
5506:
5505:
5411:Spanish conquests
5401:
5400:
5397:
5396:
5393:
5392:
5389:
5388:
5186:
5185:
4867:Pedro de Alvarado
4852:Gaspar de Portolà
4847:Pedro de Valdivia
4822:Francisco Pizarro
4774:Nicolás de Ovando
4769:Alonso de Ercilla
4744:Alonso de Salazar
4577:Ships of the line
4525:
4524:
4521:
4520:
4403:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4118:
4117:
4114:
4113:
3977:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3949:
3948:
3906:Northern Africa (
3902:Equatorial Guinea
3886:
3885:
3823:
3822:
3738:
3737:
3661:
3660:
3652:Spanish Caribbean
3625:Spanish Louisiana
3601:
3600:
3536:Crown of Castille
3500:
3499:
3477:Spanish Civil War
3452:Adams–Onís Treaty
3432:Nootka Convention
3380:Thirty Years' War
3370:Eighty Years' War
3291:Catholic Monarchs
3281:Timeline–immersed
3235:
3234:
3176:Puerto Rican peso
2954:
2953:
2759:Zimbabwean dollar
2754:Tobagonian dollar
2739:Old Taiwan dollar
2734:Swedish riksdaler
2614:Kiautschou dollar
2518:Malaysian ringgit
2475:New Taiwan dollar
2470:Surinamese dollar
2365:Australian dollar
2089:978-0-307-59672-7
1671:978-1-118-29217-4
1632:978-1-4251-8853-5
1250:Malaysian ringgit
1200:that transported
1053:Lachlan Macquarie
966:In 1864: $ 1 = 2
936:From 1687: $ 1 =
926:reales nacionales
726:Thirteen Colonies
705:Holy Roman Empire
685:weighed 451 Troy
397:
396:
393:
392:
389:
373:
346:Silver dollar of
337:
336:
333:
317:
277:
276:
273:
246:
214:Silver dollar of
205:
204:
201:
170:
165:adorned with the
134:Philip V of Spain
132:Silver dollar of
123:
122:
119:
92:
48:Catholic Monarchs
16:(Redirected from
5672:
5512:
5478:Chibchan Nations
5407:
5376:Santiago de Cuba
5235:Guadalupe Island
5195:
4922:
4915:
4877:Diego de Almagro
4754:Antonio de Ulloa
4658:Ambrosio Spinola
4653:Pedro de Zubiaur
4623:Alfonso d'Avalos
4613:Antonio de Leyva
4557:Army of Flanders
4542:
4531:
4420:
4409:
4135:
4124:
3994:
3983:
3951:
3924:Peñón of Algiers
3888:
3825:
3740:
3663:
3645:
3603:
3517:
3506:
3427:Seven Years' War
3400:Queen Anne's War
3277:
3262:
3255:
3248:
3239:
3116:Costa Rican peso
2981:
2974:
2967:
2958:
2684:Rhodesian dollar
2634:Mongolian dollar
2629:Mauritian dollar
2599:Grenadian dollar
2584:Dominican dollar
2569:Danish rigsdaler
2460:Singapore dollar
2425:Hong Kong dollar
2385:Bermudian dollar
2375:Barbadian dollar
2337:
2330:
2323:
2314:
2255:
2200:
2199:
2182:Pratchett, Terry
2178:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2013:
2007:
2006:
1978:
1972:
1953:Rothbard, Murray
1950:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1934:on 12 March 2011
1933:
1922:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1849:
1843:
1841:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1801:
1795:
1788:
1779:
1778:
1762:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1590:
1542:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1528:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1455:Long John Silver
1420:
1406:
1392:
1378:
1364:
1350:
1336:
1322:
1308:
1294:
1280:Spanish dollars
1226:Hong Kong dollar
1170:Spanish Americas
1143:
1142:
1138:
1022:
1019:
962:reales de vellón
951:reales de vellón
949:
948:
944:
941:
841:
840:
836:
828:
827:
823:
815:
814:
810:
805:
804:
800:
797:
779:
776:
694:
684:
664:
658:
646:
634:
633:
625:
450:
440:
432:
424:
380:
368:
359:
343:
342:
324:
308:
299:
283:
282:
253:
236:
227:
211:
210:
186:Castile and León
177:
154:
145:
129:
128:
99:
68:
59:
43:
42:
39:
21:
5680:
5679:
5675:
5674:
5673:
5671:
5670:
5669:
5640:
5639:
5638:
5629:
5605:Old inquisition
5517:
5502:
5412:
5385:
5341:Trinidad (1797)
5311:La Noche Triste
5299:
5295:San Juan (1797)
5245:San Juan (1595)
5182:
5071:
4911:Notable battles
4906:
4872:Martín de Ursúa
4803:
4734:Alonso de Ojeda
4704:Juan de la Cosa
4689:Pinzón brothers
4672:
4643:John of Austria
4618:Martín de Goiti
4596:
4536:
4517:
4461:
4414:
4395:
4307:
4303:Terra Australis
4298:Río de la Plata
4243:Castilla de Oro
4229:
4171:
4167:Río de la Plata
4129:
4110:
4069:
4028:
4024:Santa Hermandad
3988:
3969:
3965:Terra Australis
3956:
3945:
3912:Spanish Morocco
3893:
3882:
3873:Northern Taiwan
3834:
3819:
3790:Río de la Plata
3745:
3734:
3668:
3667:Central America
3657:
3639:
3608:
3597:
3541:Crown of Aragon
3522:
3511:
3496:
3412:Bourbon Reforms
3282:
3271:
3266:
3236:
3231:
3209:
3205:Venezuelan peso
3181:Salvadoran peso
3166:Peruvian peseta
3161:Paraguayan peso
3156:Nicaraguan peso
3136:Guatemalan peso
3126:Ecuadorian peso
3068:
3049:Philippine peso
3039:Macanese pataca
2997:
2985:
2955:
2950:
2894:
2853:
2837:
2816:
2789:
2768:
2729:Sumatran dollar
2714:Slovenian tolar
2639:Nevisian dollar
2604:Hawaiian dollar
2522:
2500:
2494:
2485:Tuvaluan dollar
2445:Namibian dollar
2440:Liberian dollar
2435:Kiribati dollar
2430:Jamaican dollar
2420:Guyanese dollar
2395:Canadian dollar
2370:Bahamian dollar
2353:
2341:
2295:Wayback Machine
2267:
2244:10.2307/3111072
2229:
2208:
2206:Further reading
2203:
2196:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2165:
2163:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2140:
2138:
2131:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2099:
2097:
2090:
2074:Charles C. Mann
2072:
2071:
2067:
2057:
2055:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2031:
2029:
2015:
2014:
2010:
1995:10.2307/1834139
1980:
1979:
1975:
1969:LewRockwell.com
1964:Wayback Machine
1951:
1947:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1920:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1901:
1899:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1866:10.2307/1834139
1851:
1850:
1846:
1832:
1828:
1818:
1816:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1789:
1782:
1775:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1739:
1737:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1708:
1706:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1681:
1679:
1672:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1642:
1640:
1633:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1603:
1601:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1538:
1533:
1531:
1524:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1499:Terry Pratchett
1487:Pieces of Eight
1450:Treasure Island
1433:
1426:
1421:
1412:
1407:
1398:
1393:
1384:
1379:
1370:
1365:
1356:
1351:
1342:
1337:
1328:
1323:
1314:
1309:
1300:
1295:
1286:
1246:Philippine peso
1198:Manila galleons
1188:as part of the
1182:Philippine peso
1154:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1078:
1045:
1020:
1010:
975:Spanish pesetas
946:
942:
939:
937:
838:
834:
833:
825:
821:
820:
812:
808:
807:
802:
798:
795:
793:
777:
767:
757:
677:
665:and English as
608:
603:
597:
379:
367:
323:
307:
264:in base and an
259:
257:
252:
240:
235:
192:in base and an
183:
181:
176:
160:
158:
153:
113:
103:
98:
82:
72:
67:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5678:
5676:
5668:
5667:
5665:Coins of Spain
5662:
5657:
5652:
5642:
5641:
5635:
5634:
5631:
5630:
5628:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5601:
5600:
5590:
5589:
5588:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5522:
5519:
5518:
5515:
5508:
5507:
5504:
5503:
5501:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5459:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5421:Canary Islands
5417:
5414:
5413:
5410:
5403:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5395:
5394:
5391:
5390:
5387:
5386:
5384:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5307:
5305:
5301:
5300:
5298:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5275:Túpac Amaru II
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5220:Bogotá savanna
5217:
5212:
5207:
5201:
5199:
5192:
5188:
5187:
5184:
5183:
5181:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5128:Spanish Armada
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5079:
5077:
5073:
5072:
5070:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5022:White Mountain
5019:
5017:Cape Celidonia
5014:
5012:English Armada
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4928:
4926:
4919:
4912:
4908:
4907:
4905:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4813:
4811:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4789:Juan Fernández
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4764:Diego Columbus
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4680:
4678:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4604:
4602:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4594:
4592:Army of Africa
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4572:Spanish Armada
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4548:
4546:
4538:
4537:
4534:
4527:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4516:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4473:Manila galleon
4469:
4467:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4428:
4426:
4416:
4415:
4412:
4405:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4317:
4315:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4239:
4237:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4181:
4179:
4173:
4172:
4170:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4143:
4141:
4131:
4130:
4127:
4120:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4077:
4075:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4036:
4034:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4000:
3998:
3990:
3989:
3987:Administration
3986:
3979:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3967:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3954:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3908:Western Sahara
3904:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3891:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3828:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3806:Banda Oriental
3787:
3773:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3743:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3679:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3666:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3621:Coastal Alaska
3613:
3610:
3609:
3606:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3520:
3513:
3512:
3509:
3502:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3403:
3402:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3293:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3280:
3273:
3272:
3269:Spanish Empire
3267:
3265:
3264:
3257:
3250:
3242:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3226:Maltese pataca
3223:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3191:Spanish peseta
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3105:Catalan peseta
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3064:Uruguayan peso
3061:
3059:Sahrawi peseta
3056:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3029:Dominican peso
3026:
3021:
3019:Colombian peso
3016:
3011:
3009:Argentine peso
3005:
3003:
2999:
2998:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2976:
2969:
2961:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2916:Quarter dollar
2913:
2908:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2890:Toronto dollar
2887:
2882:
2880:Liberty dollar
2877:
2875:Disney Dollars
2872:
2867:
2865:Calgary dollar
2861:
2859:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2851:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2808:
2803:
2797:
2795:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2782:
2776:
2774:
2773:Noncirculating
2770:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2724:Straits dollar
2721:
2719:Spanish dollar
2716:
2711:
2706:
2704:Sarawak dollar
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2624:Malayan dollar
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2534:Antigua dollar
2530:
2528:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2513:Ethiopian birr
2510:
2504:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2297:
2285:
2279:
2273:
2266:
2265:External links
2263:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2227:
2218:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2194:
2173:
2147:
2129:
2115:Brook, Timothy
2106:
2088:
2065:
2039:
2008:
1989:(4): 607–619.
1973:
1945:
1909:
1892:www.nma.gov.au
1879:
1860:(4): 607–619.
1844:
1826:
1796:
1780:
1773:
1747:
1716:
1689:
1670:
1650:
1631:
1611:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1576:
1574:Spanish escudo
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1529:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1495:
1483:
1476:her human form
1462:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1415:
1413:
1408:
1401:
1399:
1394:
1387:
1385:
1380:
1373:
1371:
1366:
1359:
1357:
1352:
1345:
1343:
1338:
1331:
1329:
1324:
1317:
1315:
1310:
1303:
1301:
1296:
1289:
1285:
1278:
1153:
1150:
1077:
1074:
1044:
1041:
1028:decimalization
1009:
1006:
987:
986:
971:
968:silver escudos
964:
958:
934:
928:
918:King Philip II
903:Guatemala City
865:in modern-day
844:
843:
830:
817:
785:Guldengroschen
756:
753:
722:leeuwendaalder
682:Joachimsthaler
676:
673:
644:Joachimsthaler
626:, named after
622:Joachimsthaler
607:
604:
599:Main article:
596:
593:
464:Spanish Empire
460:Spanish reales
414:real de a ocho
405:piece of eight
401:Spanish dollar
395:
394:
391:
390:
374:
361:
360:
352:
351:
339:
338:
335:
334:
318:
301:
300:
292:
291:
279:
278:
275:
274:
247:
229:
228:
220:
219:
207:
206:
203:
202:
171:
147:
146:
138:
137:
125:
124:
121:
120:
93:
61:
60:
52:
51:
26:
24:
18:Piece of Eight
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5677:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5647:
5645:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5599:
5596:
5595:
5594:
5591:
5587:
5584:
5583:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5556:Tapada limeña
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5523:
5520:
5513:
5509:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5438:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5418:
5415:
5408:
5404:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5302:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5202:
5200:
5196:
5193:
5189:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5148:Montes Claros
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5088:Vienna (1529)
5086:
5084:
5081:
5080:
5078:
5074:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4923:
4920:
4916:
4913:
4909:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4817:Hernán Cortés
4815:
4814:
4812:
4810:
4809:Conquistadors
4806:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4779:Juan de Ayala
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4681:
4679:
4675:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4633:Duke of Savoy
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4599:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4532:
4528:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4470:
4468:
4464:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4432:Dollar (Peso)
4430:
4429:
4427:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4410:
4406:
4392:
4391:Santo Domingo
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4314:
4310:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4268:New Andalusia
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4236:
4232:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4215:Santo Domingo
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4178:
4174:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4140:
4139:Viceroyalties
4136:
4132:
4125:
4121:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4072:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4031:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3984:
3980:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3959:
3952:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3896:
3889:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3837:
3832:
3826:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3788:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3774:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3748:
3744:South America
3741:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3671:
3664:
3653:
3649:
3643:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3629:Spanish Texas
3626:
3622:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3611:
3607:North America
3604:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3588:Franche-Comté
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3525:
3518:
3514:
3507:
3503:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3285:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3263:
3258:
3256:
3251:
3249:
3244:
3243:
3240:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3146:Honduran peso
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3100:Bolivian peso
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2982:
2977:
2975:
2970:
2968:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2899:See also
2897:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2828:Linden dollar
2826:
2825:
2823:
2819:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2792:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2771:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2669:Penang dollar
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2497:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2415:Fijian dollar
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2390:Brunei dollar
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2380:Belize dollar
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2351:
2350:
2345:
2338:
2333:
2331:
2326:
2324:
2319:
2318:
2315:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2197:
2195:0-385-60342-8
2191:
2188:. Doubleday.
2187:
2183:
2177:
2174:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2148:
2136:
2132:
2130:0-520-21091-3
2126:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2110:
2107:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2075:
2069:
2066:
2053:
2049:
2043:
2040:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2012:
2009:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1949:
1946:
1930:
1926:
1919:
1913:
1910:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1848:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1827:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1800:
1797:
1793:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1774:9780679425601
1770:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1751:
1748:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1720:
1717:
1704:
1700:
1697:Davies, Roy.
1693:
1690:
1677:
1673:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1654:
1651:
1638:
1634:
1628:
1624:
1623:
1615:
1612:
1599:
1595:
1589:
1586:
1580:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1530:
1527:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1430:
1425:
1419:
1414:
1411:
1405:
1400:
1397:
1391:
1386:
1383:
1377:
1372:
1369:
1363:
1358:
1355:
1349:
1344:
1341:
1335:
1330:
1327:
1321:
1316:
1313:
1307:
1302:
1299:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1282:countermarked
1279:
1277:
1275:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1222:trade dollars
1219:
1215:
1214:Chinese goods
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1158:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1098:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1076:United States
1075:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1034:
1029:
1014:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
996:
992:
984:
980:
976:
972:
969:
965:
963:
959:
956:
952:
935:
933:
929:
927:
923:
922:
921:
919:
915:
914:Latin America
910:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
855:
853:
852:Gold Doubloon
849:
831:
818:
791:
790:
789:
786:
771:
766:
762:
754:
752:
749:
744:
742:
738:
734:
729:
727:
723:
719:
718:
713:
708:
706:
702:
698:
693:
688:
683:
674:
672:
670:
669:
663:
657:
652:
651:
645:
640:
639:Ore Mountains
636:
632:
624:
623:
617:
613:
605:
602:
594:
592:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
509:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
482:
479:
477:
476:countermarked
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
454:
449:
448:
447:
439:
438:
431:
430:
423:
422:
416:
415:
410:
406:
402:
387:
383:
378:
375:
371:
366:
363:
362:
358:
353:
349:
344:
341:
340:
331:
327:
322:
319:
315:
311:
306:
303:
302:
298:
293:
289:
284:
281:
280:
271:
267:
263:
256:
251:
248:
244:
239:
234:
231:
230:
226:
221:
217:
212:
209:
208:
199:
195:
191:
187:
180:
175:
172:
168:
164:
157:
152:
149:
148:
144:
139:
135:
130:
127:
126:
117:
111:
107:
106:Castile, Leon
102:
97:
94:
90:
86:
80:
76:
71:
66:
63:
62:
58:
53:
50:, after 1497
49:
44:
41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
5531:Architecture
5426:The Americas
5290:Newfoundland
5280:Túpac Katari
5270:Cuerno Verde
5205:Tenochtitlan
5037:Valenciennes
4794:Luis Fajardo
4663:Blas de Lezo
4608:Duke of Alba
4488:Spanish Road
4431:
4326:Buenos Aires
4235:Governorates
4004:Ayuntamiento
3997:Organization
3462:Carlist Wars
3310:Italian Wars
3198:
3194:
3186:Spanish peso
3185:
3052:
3044:Mexican peso
3032:
3014:Chilean peso
2991:
2936:Trade dollar
2921:Holey dollar
2744:Texas dollar
2718:
2508:Chinese yuan
2499:Circulating,
2347:
2302:
2235:
2231:
2222:
2213:
2186:Going Postal
2185:
2176:
2164:. Retrieved
2150:
2139:, retrieved
2119:
2109:
2098:, retrieved
2078:
2068:
2056:. Retrieved
2042:
2030:. Retrieved
2021:
2011:
1986:
1982:
1976:
1967:
1948:
1936:. Retrieved
1929:the original
1924:
1912:
1900:. Retrieved
1891:
1882:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1833:
1829:
1817:. Retrieved
1809:coins.nd.edu
1808:
1799:
1791:
1758:
1750:
1738:. Retrieved
1729:
1719:
1707:. Retrieved
1692:
1680:. Retrieved
1660:
1653:
1641:. Retrieved
1621:
1614:
1602:. Retrieved
1588:
1559:Holey dollar
1526:Money portal
1504:Going Postal
1502:
1485:
1480:Jack Sparrow
1465:
1464:In the film
1448:
1434:
1326:Saudi Arabia
1270:
1238:Japanese yen
1233:Chinese yuan
1230:
1196:through the
1163:
1124:mercantilist
1117:
1113:Mexican peso
1100:
1095:
1084:created the
1079:
1062:holey dollar
1046:
1037:
1033:Mexican peso
1025:
1003:
998:
988:
979:French franc
961:
955:billon alloy
950:
931:
925:
911:
856:
851:
847:
845:
782:
761:Spanish real
747:
745:
730:
721:
717:Rijksdaalder
715:
711:
709:
701:Reichsthaler
678:
666:
648:
631:Joachimsthal
627:
609:
573:Puerto Rican
510:
502:Chinese yuan
498:Japanese yen
490:legal tender
483:
480:
444:
436:
428:
420:
413:
404:
400:
398:
385:
381:
376:
369:
364:
329:
325:
320:
309:
304:
266:inescutcheon
254:
249:
242:
237:
232:
194:inescutcheon
178:
173:
166:
155:
150:
100:
95:
69:
64:
36:
5498:Philippines
5463:El Salvador
5083:Capo d'Orso
4967:St. Quentin
4942:Rome (1527)
4601:Strategists
4351:Guadalajara
4278:New Navarre
4273:New Castile
4258:La Luisiana
4210:Puerto Rico
4200:Philippines
4157:New Granada
3847:Philippines
3808:(Uruguay),
3804:(Bolivia),
3754:New Granada
3694:Puerto Rico
3640: [
3510:Territories
3330:Encomiendas
3002:Circulating
2911:Half dollar
2906:Dollar sign
2849:Angus Bucks
2806:Petrodollar
2780:Niue dollar
2501:but renamed
2455:Samoan tālā
2358:Circulating
2282:HISPAN 1776
1938:16 December
1554:Columnarios
1262:East Indies
1186:Philippines
1174:transported
1128:West Indies
1118:Before the
1021: 1809
891:Mexico City
778: 1650
533:Costa Rican
506:"$ " symbol
437:peso fuerte
5644:Categories
5168:Somosierra
5158:Manila Bay
5032:Nördlingen
4972:Gravelines
4452:Columnario
4424:Currencies
4341:Concepción
4313:Audiencias
4288:New Toledo
4253:La Florida
4086:Corregidor
4050:Papal bull
3955:Antarctica
3863:Micronesia
3320:Golden Age
3024:Cuban peso
2996:or similar
2988:Currencies
2801:Eurodollar
2794:Conceptual
2352:or similar
2344:Currencies
2166:7 February
2141:9 November
2100:9 November
2058:9 November
1709:29 January
1604:7 February
1581:References
1242:Korean won
1231:The first
1047:After the
759:See also:
589:Venezuelan
581:Salvadoran
569:Philippine
565:Paraguayan
561:Nicaraguan
549:Guatemalan
545:Ecuadorian
386:PLVS VLTRA
330:PLVS VLTRA
5473:Nicaragua
5451:Guatemala
5361:Pichincha
5346:Chacabuco
5285:Pensacola
5230:Mataquito
5210:Cajamarca
5191:New World
5163:Trafalgar
5067:Alhucemas
4947:Landriano
4932:Comuneros
4918:Old World
4862:Joan Orpí
4582:Royalists
4356:Guatemala
4283:New Spain
4220:Venezuela
4195:Guatemala
4152:New Spain
4147:Columbian
4040:Exequatur
3940:Cape Juby
3794:Argentina
3617:New Spain
3551:Gibraltar
3315:Habsburgs
3221:Peso sign
3107:(pesseta)
2842:Fictional
1682:13 August
1643:13 August
1298:Sri Lanka
1266:East Asia
1066:shillings
1043:Australia
953:(made of
875:Zacatecas
859:New World
792:In 1497:
746:The term
606:Etymology
585:Uruguayan
541:Dominican
529:Colombian
517:Argentine
511:The term
429:peso duro
243:PLUS VLTA
167:PLUS VLTR
79:Elisabeth
75:Ferdinand
5483:Colombia
5468:Honduras
5381:Asomante
5366:Ayacucho
5356:Carabobo
5331:Curalaba
5108:Ceresole
5002:Gembloux
4962:Mühlberg
4677:Mariners
4535:Military
4457:Doubloon
4442:Maravedí
4386:Santiago
4293:Paraguay
4019:Germania
3859:Caroline
3814:Malvinas
3798:Paraguay
3758:Colombia
3700:Trinidad
3567:Sardinia
3407:Bourbons
3214:See also
3033:peso oro
2291:Archived
2184:(2004).
2160:Archived
2135:archived
2117:(1998),
2094:archived
2076:(2011),
2052:Archived
2050:. 1900.
2032:15 April
2026:Archived
1960:Archived
1896:Archived
1813:Archived
1740:15 April
1734:Archived
1703:Archived
1676:Archived
1637:Archived
1598:Archived
1549:Doubloon
1512:See also
1354:Zanzibar
1340:Thailand
1264:and the
1258:Far East
1178:Far East
907:Santiago
697:Burgundy
577:Peruvian
553:Honduran
521:Bolivian
500:and the
451:), is a
5615:Asiento
5586:Mustang
5446:Yucatán
5441:Chiapas
5321:Tucapel
5153:Passaro
5103:Algiers
5093:Preveza
5062:Tetouan
5057:Vitoria
5047:Bitonto
4987:Antwerp
4982:Lepanto
4937:Bicocca
4413:Economy
4336:Charcas
4331:Caracas
4225:Yucatán
4096:Regidor
4081:Alcalde
4009:Cabildo
3916:Tripoli
3855:Mariana
3802:Charcas
3778:(Peru,
3762:Ecuador
3725:Bonaire
3720:Curazao
3705:Jamaica
3633:Florida
3195:pesseta
3073:Defunct
2858:Private
2821:Virtual
2527:Defunct
2252:3111072
2003:1834139
1874:1834139
1569:Piastre
1472:Calypso
1431:Fiction
1368:Bahrain
1260:in the
1218:assayed
1208:in the
1192:of the
1184:in the
1139:⁄
981:in the
945:⁄
899:Popayán
867:Bolivia
837:⁄
824:⁄
811:⁄
801:⁄
703:of the
616:Bohemia
595:History
557:Mexican
525:Chilean
472:milling
409:Spanish
377:Reverse
365:Obverse
350:, 1821
321:Reverse
305:Obverse
290:, 1806
262:Granada
250:Obverse
233:Reverse
218:, 1753
190:Granada
174:Obverse
151:Reverse
136:, 1739
96:Obverse
89:Seville
85:Granada
65:Reverse
5650:Dollar
5593:Castas
5351:Boyacá
5326:Guiana
5316:Iguape
5240:Recife
5178:Mactan
5173:Annual
5138:Rocroi
5133:Leiden
5118:Djerba
5052:Bailén
5007:Ostend
4992:Azores
4587:Legión
4552:Tercio
4545:Armies
4447:Escudo
4376:Panamá
4371:Mexico
4366:Manila
4321:Bogotá
4106:Vecino
4101:Syndic
3932:Béjaïa
3892:Africa
3878:Tidore
3766:Panama
3730:Belize
3637:Mexico
3563:Sicily
3559:Naples
3521:Europe
3228:(coin)
3199:pezeta
2990:named
2926:Thaler
2349:dollar
2346:named
2250:
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1872:
1839:reales
1819:29 May
1792:Ask Us
1771:
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1206:Manila
1166:piracy
1008:Mexico
991:peseta
905:, and
895:Bogotá
889:, and
883:Potosí
863:Potosí
848:escudo
735:, the
692:thaler
687:grains
668:dollar
662:tálero
650:thaler
587:, and
453:silver
245:motto.
169:motto.
110:Aragon
5488:Chile
5456:Petén
5431:Aztec
5250:Bahia
5225:Penco
5215:Cusco
5143:Downs
5123:Tunis
5042:Ceuta
5027:Breda
4977:Malta
4957:Tunis
4952:Pavia
4466:Trade
4381:Quito
4346:Cusco
4185:Chile
3920:Tunis
3867:Palau
3784:Chile
3715:Aruba
3710:Haiti
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3573:Milan
3531:Spain
2931:Tolar
2248:JSTOR
1999:JSTOR
1932:(PDF)
1921:(PDF)
1870:JSTOR
1410:Timor
1396:India
1382:Sudan
1312:Burma
1058:pence
871:Taxco
755:Spain
656:taler
537:Cuban
421:dólar
388:motto
332:motto
270:Anjou
198:Anjou
188:with
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5304:Lost
5076:Lost
4997:Mons
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4190:Cuba
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3928:Oran
3851:Guam
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3686:Cuba
3565:and
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2993:peso
2190:ISBN
2168:2019
2143:2021
2125:ISBN
2102:2021
2084:ISBN
2060:2021
2034:2019
1940:2015
1904:2021
1821:2021
1769:ISBN
1742:2019
1711:2019
1684:2013
1666:ISBN
1645:2013
1627:ISBN
1606:2012
1492:Styx
1172:and
1152:Asia
1101:The
1080:The
999:duro
887:Lima
879:Peru
873:and
765:Peso
763:and
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4033:Law
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