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ferocity. They also modified the shape of their upper and lower extremities using adjusted ropes (Interlaced fiber ropes). They changed the appearance of the nose by fracturing the nasal septum. They pierced the nose and the ear lobes to wear gold ornaments and decorations symbolic of their religion. They called these body ornaments
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They used bonfires to communicate with smoke signs, and these were used to convene different community events. Like many ancient peoples, they relied on waterways for routes of transportation; and due to their navigation skills and knowledge, could get around much of their territory fairly rapidly.
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Like some other ancient cultures, the Pijao practiced skull modification and facial alterations, as well as a variety of body modifications, perhaps to identify or distinguish elites. They tied slats on male babies' heads to alter their frontal and occipital regions, perhaps to give them a look of
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trees. The Ceiba was considered a symbol of the Great Home of a rich, generous and motherly nature. Here they carried out war ceremonies, crowning of chiefs, wedding rituals and other major events. Most were accompanied by dancing to the beat of
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Agriculturalists, the Pijao lived close to the earth in homes made of wood and rammed earth. Due to the tropical climate and excellent soil in the highlands, they were able to grow, harvest and cultivate many crops including potatoes,
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The chiefdom was based on an extended family clan with ancestral lineage. The people did not live in separate households gathered in villages; instead, they lived in carefully built large communal houses made of
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of their enemies. The
Spanish captain Diego de Bocanegra (one of many military leaders who battled against the Pijao) accused them of having cannibalized up to 100,000 Spaniards in approximately 50 years.
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Despite regularly driving back the invading
Spaniards, the Pijao population kept decreasing and they were pushed further south in the highlands. They began to clash with neighboring tribes such as the
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The
Spanish followed their invasions with colonization of most of the central highlands and the Andes mountain ranges. Through these measures they established the New Kingdom of Granada.
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They wore, as a custom dress, beautifully decorated golden clothes which did not cover their genitals. They painted their bodies with dyed tops of
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The Pijao were experts in metallurgy, manufacturing gold articles and clothing. Their work has been seen in gold artifacts from the Tolima,
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in
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and many other fruits and vegetables. They also fished and hunted for meats.
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had also taken a toll through conversion and re-education of many natives.
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They called their best navigators boha (boga). Their boats were called
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American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native
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and drums. Young single women (virgins) were decorated with flowers.
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They painted red their bodies for communal events with powdered
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325:(ornaments) and other items for ceremonial use, such as the
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252:, Colombia. In pre-Colombian times, they inhabited the
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248:and were living in the present-day department of
244:The Pijao or Pijaos formed a loose federation of
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554:(15th ed.). Dallas, TX: SIL International.
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16:"Pijao" redirects here. For the town, see
364:, were held under the broad shade of the
81:Learn how and when to remove this message
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490:. It is not listed in Kaufman (1994).
536:. New York: Oxford University Press.
7:
576:(pp. 46–76). London: Routledge.
424:), the same name as one of the Paez
134:Regions with significant populations
360:). Their assemblies, also known as
628:Ancestry and ethnicity in Colombia
552:Ethnologue: Languages of the world
286:, which were placed at distances.
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486:since the 1950s and has not been
260:; between the snowy mountains of
592:Pijao at Encyclopædia Britannica
321:and other methods to make their
232:) are an indigenous people from
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1438:Indigenous peoples of the Andes
1443:Indigenous peoples in Colombia
1417:Race and ethnicity in Colombia
574:Atlas of the world's languages
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212:Map of the Pijao territories
431:The Pijao practiced ritual
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268:, the upper valley of the
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564:http://www.ethnologue.com
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36:This article includes a
65:more precise citations.
548:Gordon Jr., Raymond G.
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179:Traditional religion,
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187:Related ethnic groups
115:Statue of a Pijao in
1412:Lists of Colombians
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458:infectious diseases
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513:Fernando de Oviedo
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103:Natagaima, Coyaima
38:list of references
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331:(bowl with lid).
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57:Please help
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854:Pira-tapuya
664:Awa-Kwaiker
433:cannibalism
315:rolled gold
246:Amerindians
240:Ethnography
181:Catholicism
63:introducing
1432:Categories
1268:Portuguese
1251:Lithuanian
989:Venezuelan
636:Indigenous
494:References
488:classified
465:Christians
462:Missionary
1352:Ukrainian
1222:Hungarian
1203:Mennonite
977:Argentine
839:Patángoro
754:Guambiano
724:Cocamilla
719:Chitarero
426:chiefdoms
383:yaporojas
337:Wua-La-ka
283:bahareque
158:Languages
1407:See also
1280:Romanian
1157:Croatian
1121:Austrian
1079:Japanese
1031:Armenian
1019:Lebanese
970:Americas
864:Quimbaya
784:Kankuamo
709:Carijona
704:Carabayo
674:Barasana
550:(2005).
532:(1997).
511:—
474:Language
442:Coconuco
319:filigree
303:Quimbaya
234:Colombia
201:Guayupes
197:Quimbaya
174:Religion
152:Colombia
1385:Mestizo
1375:African
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894:Tariana
889:Tairona
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874:Siriano
859:Quechua
749:Guahibo
714:Chimila
659:Arhuaco
654:Andoque
649:Andaquí
644:Achagua
484:extinct
418:Bipxaus
403:papayas
399:mangoes
372:maracas
349:achiote
328:poporos
323:balacas
266:Quindío
193:Panches
59:improve
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1380:Jewish
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1113:Europe
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834:Panche
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809:Muisca
804:Mokaná
799:Macuna
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689:Calima
669:Baniwa
558:
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452:, and
450:Puruhá
407:guavas
378:fotuto
362:Mingas
354:Bi-Cha
309:, and
307:Calima
296:canoes
292:kanoha
250:Tolima
222:Piajao
220:(also
149:
140:Tolima
117:Ibagué
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794:Lache
774:Hupda
759:Guane
734:Cubeo
729:Cofán
699:Cauca
694:Camsá
395:maize
391:yucca
366:Ceiba
341:Balak
262:Huila
258:Andes
230:Pinao
226:Pixao
218:Pijao
164:Pijao
97:Pijao
44:, or
1014:Arab
1006:Asia
954:Zenú
934:Wiwa
919:U'wa
829:Paez
814:Muzo
789:Kogi
779:Inga
769:Hiwi
764:Guna
684:Barí
679:Bora
556:ISBN
538:ISBN
478:The
454:Cana
446:Páez
422:Bija
414:bija
358:Bija
216:The
482:is
356:or
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