655:
the nature of the research and the amount of the grant requested." There is no requirement for peer review of any kind; Pioneer's board of directors – two attorneys, two engineers, and an investment broker – decides, sometimes within a day, whether a particular research proposal merits funding. Once the grant has been made, there is no requirement for an interim or final report or even for an acknowledgment by a grantee that
Pioneer has been the source of support, all atypical practices in comparison to other organizations that support scientific research.
660:
a standard procedure for supporting work by scientists affiliated to academic institutions. In addition to these awards to the universities where its grantees are based, Pioneer has made a number of grants to other nonprofit organizations and corporations that have been created to channel resources to a particular academic recipient while circumventing the institution where the researcher is employed.
849:, as of 2018, the only academic researcher receiving funding from the Pioneer Fund. According to the Associated Press, from 2003 to 2016 Figueredo received $ 458,000. Figueredo received between $ 8,000 and $ 30,000 for the 2017–2018 academic year, his research assistant Michael Woodley is also involved with the Pioneer Fund.
740:, a short-lived magazine published in 1966–67 to conduct "a responsible but penetrating inquiry into every aspect of the Jewish Question", which included articles such as "Zionists and the Plot Against South Africa", "Early Jews and the Rise of Jewish Money Power", and "Swindlers of the Crematoria". The
659:
In accord with the tax regulations governing nonprofit corporations, Pioneer does not fund individuals; under the law only other nonprofit organizations are appropriate grantees. As a consequence, many of the fund's awards go not to the researchers themselves but to the universities that employ them,
654:
Pioneer's administrative procedures are as unusual as its charter. Although the fund typically gives away more than half a million dollars per year, there is no application form or set of guidelines. Instead, according to Weyher, an applicant merely submits "a letter containing a brief description of
400:
and had proposed a research agenda to assist in the enforcement of
Southern "race integrity laws" by developing techniques for identifying the "pass-for-white" person who might "successfully hide all of his black blood". He singled out Jews and fought efforts to allow entry into the United States to
294:" and "the problems of race betterment". The Pioneer Fund argues the "race betterment" has always referred to the "human race" referred to earlier in the sentence, and critics argue it referred to racial groups. The document was amended in 1985 and the phrase changed to "human race betterment."
674:
In 2006, the Center for New
Community, a human rights advocacy organization, characterize the Pioneer Fund as "a white supremacist foundation that specializes in funding 'science' dedicated to demonstrating white intellectual and moral superiority." They draw particular attention to Rushton's
646:
sociology professor Steven J. Rosenthal described the fund in 1995 as a "Nazi endowment specializing in production of justifications for eugenics since 1937, the
Pioneer Fund is embedded in a network of right-wing foundations, think tanks, religious fundamentalists, and global anti-Communist
1018:
We refer to the five decades of careful, archival investigations documenting the involvement of psychologists and the
Pioneer Fund with the campaign to overturn the Brown decision and preserve segregation, anti-immigration activism, and active involvement with neo-Nazi
717:
at the
University of Western Ontario was head of the fund from 2002 to his death in 2012. In 1999, Rushton used some of his grant money from the Pioneer Fund to send out tens of thousands of copies of an abridged version of his book
289:
and/or from related stocks, or to classes of children, the majority of whom are deemed to be so descended". Its second purpose was to support academic research and the "dissemination of information, into the 'problem of heredity and
867:(FAIR) a total of $ 1.3 million between 1985 and 1994. Among the grants was $ 150,000 for "studies in connection with immigration policies". Funding was dropped after negative publicity during the campaign for California's
838:
in 1956, received a series of grants in the 1970s. Shockley had become notorious in his later career for promoting the controversial genetic hypothesis of racial intelligence differences and for being a proponent of
345:. He served in the British army at the beginning of World War I, transferring to the US Army as the Americans entered the war. During World War II, he was stationed as an intelligence officer in India.
724:
to social scientists in anthropology, psychology, and sociology, causing a controversy. Tax records from 2000 show that his
Charles Darwin Institute received $ 473,835 – 73% of that year's grants.
337:
final authority, served on the board of directors from 1937 until 1972. He founded
Pioneer Fund after having acquired an interest in the Eugenics movement, which was strengthened by his 1935 visit to
1732:
420:
528:
were linked to the
Pioneer Fund, which was described as having "financed research into 'racial betterment' by scientists seeking to prove that blacks are genetically inferior to whites."
285:
breeding program, was aimed at encouraging the propagation of those "descended predominantly from white persons who settled in the original thirteen states prior to the adoption of the
457:, whose firm had done legal work for the Pioneer Fund. He was the only director whose name did not appear on the incorporation papers. He was director of operational analysis for the
777:, the most-cited living psychologist at the time of his death (1997), known for fraudulent work financed by the tobacco industry, and also believing in parapsychology and astrology.
600:
In the 1950s and 1960s, the fund supported two government committees that gave grants for both anti-immigration and genetics research. The committee members included
Representative
507:
371:
describes Draper as someone who "aside from his brief periods of military service ... never pursued a profession or held a job of any kind." According to a 1960 article in
1693:
2637:
377:, an unnamed geneticist said Draper told him he "wished to prove simply that Negroes were inferior." Draper funded advocacy of repatriation of black people to Africa.
276:
1694:"CBS Fight a Litmus Test for Conservatives: Helms Group Faces Legal Hurdles in Ideological Takeover Bid Helms-Connected Money Machine Bankrolling Fairness in Media"
741:
1262:
2632:
1743:
1645:
Osborn, Frederick (February 24, 1937). "Summary of the Proceedings of the Conference on Eugenics in Relation to Nursing". American Eugenics Society Archives.
597:) prior to the founding of the Pioneer Fund. According to the Pioneer Fund site, all founders capable of doing so participated in the war against the Nazis.
2475:
2338:; Lykken, D.T.; McGue, M; Segal, NL; Tellegen, A (October 1990). "Sources of human psychological differences: the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart".
2622:
864:
1554:
675:
theories about differences between races as evidence of the racial slant which they claim accompanies much of the research which is backed by the Fund.
855:: the Pioneer Fund approved a $ 12,000 grant to Smith College "to assist in the publication of a series of educational books", in support of Itzkoff's
1788:
636:
281:
Pioneer Fund was incorporated on March 11, 1937. The incorporation documents of the Pioneer Fund list two purposes. The first, modeled on the Nazi
2112:
880:
432:
2612:
605:
413:
shared "a common understanding of ... the practical application" of eugenic principles to "racial endowments and ... racial health."
2575:
2325:
1833:
1669:
1630:
1605:
1464:
1298:
1154:
1124:
1066:
1966:
1766:
2617:
2069:
1177:"Into the Mainstream; An array of right-wing foundations and think tanks support efforts to make bigoted and discredited ideas respectable"
475:
as a member of the Supreme Court and his grandfather was the only dissent in Plessy v. Ferguson, reversed by the decision. He dissented in
37:
2049:
1555:
Benefactor With a Racist Bent: Wealthy recluse apparently liked the looks and potential of Bowman Gray's new medical-genetics department.
2152:
Figueredo, Aurelio José; Cabeza de Baca, Tomás; Woodley, Michael Anthony (July 2013). "The Measurement of Human Life History Strategy".
2224:"Pro-Prop. 187 group admits it bought ads: FAIR says it only attempted to clear its name". Marilyn Kalfus: The Orange County Register.
945:
736:, received over a million dollars in grants in the 1980s and 1990s. Using the pseudonym of Stephan Langton, Pearson was the editor of
708:
462:
341:, where he met with the leading eugenicists of the Third Reich who used the inspiration from the American movement as a basis for the
2095:
1399:
2286:
2030:
1215:
951:
868:
1232:
1050:
744:, an organization founded in England in 1958 by Pearson, supported Nazi ideologies and included former members of the Nazi Party.
732:
427:, which was part of an accepted and active field at the time; the chairman of the Advisory Committee on Selective Service during
368:
183:
established in 1937 "to advance the scientific study of heredity and human differences". The organization has been described as
2642:
900:
620:
of Mississippi, head of the Draper Genetics Committee. Draper also made large financial contributions to efforts to oppose the
552:
257:
727:
621:
2535:
1938:
393:
694:
disparity have received grants of varying sizes from the Pioneer Fund. Large grantees, in order of amount received, are:
1058:
720:
1852:
1715:
747:
630:
471:
231:
192:
1360:
2627:
286:
32:
This article is about the eugenics fund. For the fund associated with figure-skating, education, and medicine, see
1076:
Diane B. Paul (Winter 2003). "The Funding of Scientific Racism: Wickliffe Draper and the Pioneer Fund (review)".
910:. Another is Roger Pearson's Institute for the Study of Man. Many of the key academic white nationalists in both
846:
424:
94:
2503:
906:
859:
series. It also approved a $ 12,000 grant to be distributed in 1987 to assist in the publication of the series.
751:
406:
396:
on Long Island, New York. He served as the president of Pioneer Fund from its inception until 1941. He opposed
357:
326:
298:
60:
1176:
971:
920:
have been funded by the Pioneer Fund, which was also directly involved in funding the parent organization of
2591:
2567:
667:
in 2003, citing the fund's history, its funding of race and intelligence research, and its connections with
590:
454:
356:
in 1949. Little is known about their meetings, but Herndon was playing a major role in the expansion of the
314:
180:
157:
1792:
1659:
1310:
2355:
1263:"Arizona psychologist faces scrutiny for grants from organization founded to support research in eugenics"
925:
800:
613:
576:(March 12, 1989) as a "neo-Nazi organization closely integrated with the far right in American politics."
558:
389:
353:
2597:
2400:(2002). "What a tangled web he weaves: Race, reproductive strategies and Rushton's life history theory".
1558:
912:
872:
691:
242:
88:
2397:
2347:
1816:
1519:
Lombardo, Paul A. (2002). "'The American Breed': Nazi Eugenics and the Origins of the Pioneer Fund".
1378:
Lombardo, Paul A. (2002). "'The American Breed': Nazi eugenics and the origins of the Pioneer Fund".
572:
466:
70:
2360:
1774:
562:
magazine described one such AR conference as a "veritable 'who's who' of American white supremacy."
1698:
714:
536:
512:
496:
220:
162:
1919:
Lichtenstein, Grace (December 11, 1977). "Fund Backs Controversial Study of 'Racial Betterment'".
2495:
2460:
2417:
2381:
2335:
1963:
1921:
1901:
1484:
1093:
997:
698:
643:
544:
483:
443:
120:
33:
2077:
1982:
1952:
876:
219:
From 2002 until his death in October 2012, the Pioneer Fund was headed by psychology professor
2571:
2452:
2428:
2373:
2321:
2282:
2169:
2046:
2026:
2020:
1829:
1665:
1626:
1601:
1536:
1528:
1460:
1387:
1294:
1211:
1150:
1120:
1062:
891:
887:
806:
763:
617:
601:
532:
448:
263:
184:
1540:
1144:
1114:
441:
was the Draper family lawyer and trustee of the Draper estate. He was a former editor of the
423:
was "the most exciting experiment that had ever been tried". Osborn was the secretary of the
2523:
2487:
2444:
2409:
2365:
2161:
1893:
1742:
1496:
1267:
1085:
1009:
827:
822:
790:
616:
member and educator known for his belief in the genetic inferiority of blacks), and Senator
609:
517:
477:
458:
416:
306:
147:
2432:
2099:
2090:
2053:
1970:
1856:
1719:
1414:
1193:
852:
812:
780:
687:
585:("Hereditary Defective" or "Hereditary Illness") which was published by the pre-war 1930s
525:
349:
235:
209:
188:
2187:
2002:
2351:
2471:
2314:
796:
785:
438:
402:
385:
361:
342:
310:
302:
247:
199:. One of its first projects was to fund the distribution in US churches and schools of
152:
142:
2127:
642:
As of 1994, the Pioneer Fund distributed more than $ 1 million per year to academics.
2606:
2511:
2464:
2421:
1737:
1436:
Tucker, William H. (2002). "A Closer Look at the Pioneer Fund: Response to Rushton".
1116:
The Republican party and immigration politics: from Proposition 187 to George W. Bush
730:
at the Institute for the Study of Man: eugenicist and anthropologist, founder of the
704:
625:
521:
397:
107:
2499:
2385:
1097:
401:
Jewish refugees fleeing from Nazi Germany. Eleven months after the enactment of the
2302:
1655:
1334:
895:
774:
757:
540:
428:
338:
224:
137:
1733:"It might be a pseudo science, but students take the threat of eugenics seriously"
1500:
255:, and has both current and former links to white supremacist publications such as
234:
and the Texas Adoption Project, which studied the similarities and differences of
2560:
2280:, 1930-62 by G. Schaffer, Springer, 2008, pages 142–3. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
2276:
2413:
831:
503:
410:
245:
has generated controversy and criticism. One prominent example is the 1994 book
2491:
2165:
1574:
1140:
935:, to clandestinely serve as a publishing arm for its segregationist founders.
664:
586:
373:
282:
196:
2562:
The Nazi Connection: Eugenics, American Racism, and German National Socialism
2173:
1888:
Miller, Adam (1994). "The Pioneer Fund: Bankrolling the Professors of Hate".
1013:
409:(which had awarded him an honorary doctorate) that the United States and the
251:, which drew heavily from Pioneer-funded research. The fund also has ties to
2476:"On the similarities of American blacks and whites: A reply to J.P. Rushton"
2369:
2306:
17:
2456:
1849:
1712:
1532:
1391:
683:
Pioneer Fund's figures are from 1971 to 1996 and are adjusted to 1997 USD.
650:
In 2002, William H. Tucker criticized the fund's grant-funding techniques:
2377:
1089:
840:
581:
252:
213:
201:
83:
2113:"Journals retract 13 papers by Hans Eysenck, flag 61, some 60 years old"
1936:
Rosenthal, Steven J. "The Pioneer Fund: Financier of Fascist Research".
1485:"Foundation for Fascism: the New Eugenics Movement in the United States"
2320:. Harry F. Weyher (Preface). Lanham (MD): University Press of America.
2211:"The Anti-immigration Movement: From Shovels to Suits". Solana Larsen.
2057:
The Funding of Scientific Racism: Wickliffe Draper and the Pioneer Fund
1905:
1055:
The Funding of Scientific Racism: Wickliffe Draper and the Pioneer Fund
835:
579:
The Pioneer Fund supported the distribution of a eugenics film titled
2102:
via A. Richard Diebold Center for Indo-European Language and Culture.
904:
and a member the advisory board of the white nationalist publication
668:
499:
was president of the Pioneer Fund from 1958 until his death in 2002.
1897:
589:. William Draper obtained the film from the predecessor to the Nazi
556:(AR) magazine, in which he has also published articles. Anti-racist
550:
Rushton, who headed Pioneer until 2012, spoke at conferences of the
2527:
2448:
1623:
Children of Perdition: Melungeons and the Struggle of Mixed America
1146:
Anti-semitism: a history and psychoanalysis of contemporary hatred
875:
groups that have received donations from the Pioneer Fund include
1457:
Hold Your Tongue: Bilingualism and the Politics of 'English Only'
1400:"The Pioneer Fund and the Scientific Study of Human Differences"
206:
2022:
Born Together – Reared Apart: The Landmark Minnesota Twin Study
1826:
The emerging monoculture: assimilation and the 'model minority'
760:
at Ulster Institute for Social Research ($ 325,000 as of 1994)
2316:
The Science of Human Diversity: A History of the Pioneer Fund
1194:
Race and 'Reason'; Academic ideas a pillar of racist thought.
663:
The Southern Poverty Law Center listed the Pioneer Fund as a
230:
Two of the best known studies funded by Pioneer Fund are the
2128:"APNewsBreak: University accepted $ 458K from eugenics fund"
996:
John P., Jackson Jr.; Winston, Andrew S. (October 7, 2020).
931:
Founder Wickliffe Draper secretly funded the 1960 launch of
2433:"How 'Caucasoids' Got Such Big Crania and Why They Shrank"
2237:"White Supremacist Link Trips Prop. 187". Pamela Burdman.
1595:
Science for segregation: Race, law, and the case against
421:
Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring
238:
and other children adopted into non-biological families.
2267:. Chicago: December 19–26, 2001. Vol. 118, No. 35; pp. 8
2005:
Originally published as "The Funding of the Science" in
871:
linked the Pioneer Fund to ads purchased by FAIR. Other
1233:"Pioneer Fund Assets Divided; New Leadership Appointed"
2250:"Cannon critics sidestep FEC lists". Deborah Bulkeley
1572:
May, R. W. (May 14, 1960). "Genetics and Subversion".
2514:(2004). "Serious Scientists or Disgusting Racists?".
799:, author who in 1968 re-popularized the 1833 phrase "
1692:
Edsall, Thomas B.; Vise, David A. (March 31, 1985).
766:
at the University of Delaware ($ 267,000 as of 1994)
1814:MacIntyre, B (March 13, 1989). "The new eugenics".
686:Many of the researchers whose findings support the
126:
114:
103:
76:
66:
56:
48:
2559:
2313:
2228:. Santa Ana, California: October 26, 1994. p. A.12
1309:
2215:. New York: May/June 2007. Vol. 40, No. 3; p. 14.
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1478:
1476:
29:US nonprofit foundation funding scientific racism
431:; and later the deputy US representative to the
277:History of the race and intelligence controversy
1424:Lombardo, Paul A. (2002). "Pioneer's Big Lie".
652:
608:and head of the Draper Immigration Committee),
2254:. Salt Lake City, Utah: July 17, 2004. p. B.01
2025:. Harvard University Press. pp. 315–317.
998:"The Mythical Taboo on Race and Intelligence"
770:Other notable recipients of funding include:
570:The Pioneer Fund was described by the London
8:
2538:. ERI Economic Research Institute, Inc. 2011
2516:Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books
1293:. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press.
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
43:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1256:
1254:
332:
2263:"'Workers, go home!'" David L. Ostendorf.
1713:Pioneer Fund Founders and Former Directors
865:Federation for American Immigration Reform
461:in World War II, and was appointed to the
42:
2359:
2307:"Preface: My Years with the Pioneer Fund"
2188:"ISAR - Bibliography: Seymour W. Itzkoff"
1890:The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1600:. New York University Press. p. 34.
1361:"The Tainted Sources of 'The Bell Curve'"
36:. For the international talent fund, see
2638:1937 establishments in the United States
1789:">> Searchlight Magazine <<"
1731:Van der Merwe, Ben (February 19, 2018).
1625:. Mercer University Press. p. 158.
1261:Flaherty, Colleen (September 10, 2018).
1188:
1186:
1170:
1168:
1166:
637:Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission
963:
881:American Immigration Control Foundation
566:Political, publishing and legal funding
405:, Laughlin wrote to an official at the
2154:Personality and Individual Differences
2126:Kunzelman, Michael (August 25, 2018).
606:House Un-American Activities Committee
1983:Pioneer Fund Grant Totals, 1971–1996.
1335:"The Bell Curve and the Pioneer Fund"
1329:
1327:
352:of Bowman Gray School of Medicine at
331:Wickliffe Preston Draper, the fund's
232:Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart
7:
2633:White supremacy in the United States
2092:The Journal of Indo-European Studies
1964:Defend Colorado Now: Lamm & FAIR
1661:Superior: The Return of Race Science
1208:Superior: The Return of Race Science
38:Daniel Gross (software entrepreneur)
1942:. 39 no. 1 (September 1995): 44–61.
1078:Bulletin of the History of Medicine
2278:Racial Science and British Society
2047:Conclusion: Pioneer or Pamphleteer
1553:Begos, Kevin (December 11, 2002).
1359:Lane, Charles (December 1, 1994).
946:Mainstream Science on Intelligence
709:University of California, Berkeley
463:Supreme Court of the United States
25:
2623:Race and intelligence controversy
2019:Segal, Nancy L. (June 18, 2012).
2003:Race Science and the Pioneer Fund
952:London Conference on Intelligence
817:The Testing of Negro Intelligence
287:Constitution of the United States
195:classifies the Pioneer Fund as a
1664:. Beacon Press. pp. 83–84.
1175:Berlet, Chip (August 14, 2003).
733:Journal of Indo-European Studies
2536:"Pioneer Fund, Inc. – Form 990"
701:at the University of Minnesota.
469:. He voted for the decision in
241:Research backed by the fund on
2001:Mehler, Barry (July 7, 1998).
1953:Pioneer Fund Grants, 1971–1996
1850:Founders and Former Directors.
1828:. Praeger. pp. 118, 302.
1308:Bryan Caplan (June 20, 2012).
1179:. Southern Poverty Law Center.
622:American Civil Rights Movement
297:The first five directors were
1:
2613:Eugenics in the United States
2076:. Winter 2002. Archived from
1939:American Behavioral Scientist
1501:10.1080/0031322x.1989.9970026
1398:Rushton, J. Philippe (2002).
1348:– via Hartford-HWP.com.
1239:. Southern Poverty Law Center
524:reported that both Helms and
394:Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
2213:NACLA Report on the Americas
1365:The New York Review of Books
1291:Born Together – Reared Apart
1210:. Beacon Press. p. 64.
1192:Southern Poverty Law Center
1059:University of Illinois Press
1002:Review of General Psychology
721:Race, Evolution and Behavior
419:wrote in 1937 that the Nazi
2618:Racism in the United States
2414:10.1177/1469962002002002627
1969:September 10, 2008, at the
1597:Brown v. Board of Education
976:Southern Poverty Law Center
886:One of the grantees is the
631:Brown v. Board of Education
508:1984 Senate re-election bid
472:Brown v. Board of Education
433:UN Atomic Energy Commission
193:Southern Poverty Law Center
2659:
2492:10.1177/002193479502500602
2241:. October 13, 1994. p. A.4
2166:10.1016/j.paid.2012.04.033
2052:December 21, 2005, at the
1855:November 30, 2012, at the
1718:November 30, 2012, at the
1311:"O Brother, Who Art Thou?"
324:
274:
31:
2098:October 25, 2005, at the
857:Evolution of Intelligence
711:($ 1,096,094 as of 1994).
635:such as $ 215,000 to the
531:Later directors included
425:American Eugenics Society
95:Opposition to immigration
2480:Journal of Black Studies
1985:Retrieved July 16, 2006.
1859:Retrieved July 16, 2006.
1455:Crawford, James (1993).
1289:Segal, Nancy L. (2012).
1196:Retrieved March 7, 2017.
1149:. ABC-CLIO. p. 18.
1119:. Springer. p. 81.
1014:10.1177/1089268020953622
907:The Occidental Quarterly
752:City College of New York
407:University of Heidelberg
388:was the director of the
358:compulsory sterilization
327:Wickliffe Preston Draper
321:Wickliffe Preston Draper
299:Wickliffe Preston Draper
61:Wickliffe Preston Draper
2568:Oxford University Press
2370:10.1126/science.2218526
2239:San Francisco Chronicle
1593:Jackson, J. P. (2005).
803:" ($ 29,000 as of 1994)
591:Office of Racial Policy
455:John Marshall Harlan II
315:John Marshall Harlan II
223:, who was succeeded by
158:John Marshall Harlan II
2643:Eugenics organizations
2566:. Oxford Oxfordshire:
2402:Anthropological Theory
2226:Orange County Register
1483:Mehler, Barry (1989).
1339:ABC World News Tonight
1206:Saini, Angela (2019).
926:New Century Foundation
847:Aurelio José Figueredo
809:($ 386,900 as of 1994)
801:tragedy of the commons
793:($ 214,000 as of 1994)
754:($ 124,500 as of 1994)
657:
614:White Citizens Council
390:Eugenics Record Office
354:Wake Forest University
333:
2558:Kuhl, Stefan (1994).
2506:on December 13, 2004.
2265:The Christian Century
1824:E.M., Kramer (2003).
1777:on December 31, 2006.
1559:Winston-Salem Journal
1489:Patterns of Prejudice
1413:: 209. Archived from
1113:Wroe, Andrew (2008).
1090:10.1353/bhm.2003.0186
873:immigration reduction
679:Recipients of funding
595:Rassenpolitisches Amt
451:during World War II.
367:Psychology professor
243:race and intelligence
181:non-profit foundation
89:Race and intelligence
2437:Current Anthropology
2115:. February 12, 2020.
2080:on February 2, 2010.
1817:The Sunday Telegraph
922:American Renaissance
918:American Renaissance
901:American Renaissance
553:American Renaissance
467:Dwight D. Eisenhower
348:Draper secretly met
258:American Renaissance
71:Nonprofit foundation
2352:1990Sci...250..223B
2074:Intelligence Report
2045:Tucker, William H.
1795:on February 9, 2007
1699:The Washington Post
1621:Hashaw, T. (2007).
1316:Wall Street Journal
715:J. Philippe Rushton
537:J. Philippe Rushton
513:The Washington Post
497:Harry F. Weyher Jr.
221:J. Philippe Rushton
163:J. Philippe Rushton
45:
2429:Lieberman, Leonard
1922:The New York Times
1459:. Addison Wesley.
1420:on March 27, 2013.
1051:Tucker, William H.
863:The fund gave the
699:Thomas J. Bouchard
644:Hampton University
545:Gerhard Meisenberg
491:History after 1946
484:Miranda v. Arizona
444:Harvard Law Review
121:Gerhard Meisenberg
34:Helen M. McLoraine
2628:Scientific racism
2577:978-0-19-514978-4
2398:Graves, Joseph L.
2346:(4978): 223–228.
2327:978-0-7618-2040-6
2070:"Academic Racism"
1835:978-0-275-97312-4
1771:www.splcenter.org
1671:978-0-8070-7691-0
1632:978-0-88146-074-2
1607:978-0-8147-4271-6
1521:Albany Law Review
1466:978-0-201-62479-3
1300:978-0-674-05546-9
1156:978-0-313-35384-0
1126:978-0-230-61108-5
1068:978-0-252-07463-9
933:Mankind Quarterly
892:white supremacist
888:paleoconservative
807:R. Travis Osborne
764:Linda Gottfredson
618:James O. Eastland
602:Francis E. Walter
533:Marion A. Parrott
495:Corporate lawyer
449:brigadier general
369:William H. Tucker
264:Mankind Quarterly
189:white supremacist
173:
172:
16:(Redirected from
2650:
2598:Historic website
2594:Official website
2592:The Pioneer Fund
2581:
2565:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2531:
2507:
2502:. Archived from
2468:
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2389:
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2016:
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1885:
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1791:. Archived from
1785:
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1773:. Archived from
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1746:
1741:. Archived from
1728:
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1710:
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1275:
1268:Inside Higher Ed
1258:
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1231:Beirich, Heidi.
1228:
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1197:
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993:
987:
986:
984:
982:
968:
898:, the editor of
830:, winner of the
828:William Shockley
823:Philip A. Vernon
791:Robert A. Gordon
610:Henry E. Garrett
573:Sunday Telegraph
518:Thomas B. Edsall
478:Swain v. Alabama
459:Eighth Air Force
417:Frederick Osborn
381:Founding members
336:
307:Frederick Osborn
293:
148:Frederick Osborn
46:
21:
2658:
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2552:Further reading
2541:
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2472:Cernovsky, Zack
2470:
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2018:
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2013:
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1989:
1981:Mehler, Barry.
1980:
1976:
1971:Wayback Machine
1962:
1958:
1951:
1947:
1935:
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941:
869:Proposition 187
853:Seymour Itzkoff
813:Audrey M. Shuey
781:Lloyd Humphreys
742:Northern League
738:The New Patriot
681:
624:and the racial
568:
526:Thomas F. Ellis
493:
383:
350:C. Nash Herndon
329:
323:
291:
279:
273:
236:identical twins
210:propaganda film
191:in nature. The
179:is an American
169:
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2586:External links
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2532:
2528:10.1037/004224
2512:Neisser, Ulric
2508:
2449:10.1086/318434
2408:(2): 131–154.
2390:
2336:Bouchard, T.J.
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1956:
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1911:
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1848:Pioneer Fund.
1841:
1834:
1806:
1780:
1758:
1747:on May 5, 2019
1723:
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1438:Albany Law Rev
1426:Albany Law Rev
1407:Albany Law Rev
1386:(3): 743–830.
1380:Albany Law Rev
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972:"Pioneer Fund"
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690:hypothesis of
680:
677:
604:(chair of the
567:
564:
547:(as of 2019).
492:
489:
439:Malcolm Donald
403:Nuremberg Laws
386:Harry Laughlin
382:
379:
362:North Carolina
343:Nuremberg Laws
325:Main article:
322:
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311:Malcolm Donald
303:Harry Laughlin
272:
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248:The Bell Curve
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534:
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2479:
2443:(1): 69–95.
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2259:
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2191:
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885:
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775:Hans Eysenck
769:
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599:
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2296:References
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1575:The Nation
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1274:October 9,
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587:Nazi Party
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